Sunan Latin: | Emberiza hortulana |
Squad: | Passerines |
Iyali: | Oatmeal |
Additionallyarin ƙari: | Bayanin jinsunan Turai |
Bayyanar mutum da hali. A bayyane thanasa da na oatmeal na yau da kullun, gajeriyar gajeru da karamin aiki. Kafafu suna da dan gajeren rauni kuma rauni, beak ba shi da girma, elongated, tare da madaidaicin tsararren madaidaiciya ko dan kadan kuma ba a fadi rata tsakanin baki da mandible. Tsayin tsawon 15-18 cm, nauyi 16-30 g, fuka-fukai 23 zuwa 29 cm. Halin yayi kama da na oatmeal na yau da kullun.
Bayanin. A baya da fuka-fuki suna da launin shuɗi-brown, ƙasa tana da launin shuɗi. Namiji da kirjin suna da launin toka-toka tare da manyan gashin baki-mai-baki, makogwaro da zobe a ido. Mace ta zama mara nauyi, shugaban yana da ɗanɗano mai ruwan zaitun, iyakar launin toka da jan sautunan da ke kirji yana “rufe” ta manyan motsin duhu, bakin saƙo yana launin toka. Tsuntsayen matasa sun fi mara nauyi da kuma mottled, launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi da inuwa mai launin shuɗi-mafi yawanci ana maye gurbinsu da paaƙƙarfan ocher da launin shuɗi. Farin fari a jikin fuskoki biyu na matattun wutsiyar fika suna da kyau maimakon yin siffa da kyau. A duk riguna, ya bambanta da maganin oatmeal na yau da kullun yayin da babu tsari mai duhu akan ɓangarorin kai da hat, ƙararrawa mai haske a kusa da ido. Daga nesa, gemun ja da kafafu suma suna iya ganin su. Tsuntsu mai tashi ya bambanta da oatmeal na yau da kullun tare da taushi (sautin ɗaya tare da baya) ƙananan baya da kuma tsari daban-daban na fararen fata akan wutsiya.
Kuri'a. Waƙar da ke cikin tsarin yana kama da waƙar wakar talakawa, amma a takaice, timbre ya fi kama da waƙar Dubrovnik - “Zir-Zir-Zir-Zyu. "ko"labarin-taya-murna-lyuyu. ", Syllable na ƙarshe yawanci ƙasa da na baya. Kira, kukan damuwa - murya "tiv», «sha», «tsiv", Kamar finch, ba kamar yadda ake magana da oatmeal ba.
Matsayi na Rarraba. Yanki daga Yammacin Turai zuwa yankin Baikal, Mongolia, Iran, Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Scandinavia ya isa arewa zuwa ga Arctic Circle, a cikin Rasha - zuwa yanki na kudancin taiga. Yin hijira, hunturu a yankin Saharar Afirka. Yankin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yankin dajin.
Rayuwa. Ya fi son shimfidar wurare na mosaic (mafi yawa anthropogenic a cikin gandun daji). Waɗannan su ne gefuna, katako na katako, belts na daji, filaye tare da ciyawa. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin steppes tare da shukoki, busassun ƙafa. Ya isa lokacin da ake yin fure, daga ƙarshen Afrilu. Gidaje a ƙasa, an rufe shi da labulen ciyawa. Kamawa yana da kwai 4-6 tare da haske, tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, launin ruwan hoda ko shuɗi mai haske, wanda aka rufe da duhu launin ruwan duhu, curls da layi. Kadai mace ta gina gida da incubates, shiryawa yana kwanaki 11-13, da kuma ciyar da kajin a cikin gida daukan kwanaki 8-10. Broaya daga cikin kuɗi ɗaya ne kawai a kowace kakar. Tashi zai fara a tsakiyar watan Agusta kuma ya ƙare a watan Satumba.
An san jiragen da suka rarrabu a tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus ja-takardar kudin oatmealEmberiza caesia. Ta hanyar ƙari, girman, canza launi, murya, yana da alaƙa da oatmeal na lambu. Ya bambanta a launin toka (daga namiji zuwa bluish) sautin kai da kirji (ba tare da hular-zaitun kore ba), ba rawaya (Orange a cikin maza, haske ocher a cikin mata da kuma tsuntsayen tsuntsaye) "gashin-baki" da makogwaro, farin zinare na orbital, da launin ruwan hoda.
A gabashin Caucasus, a cikin busassun busassun ciyayi da ƙananan tsaunuka tare da shukoki, masu saka dutse da fitowar dutse, ana samun su m, ko dutse, oatmealEmberiza buchanani. Ta hanyar ƙari, girman, nau'in canza launi, launi na baki da ƙafafu, yana da kama da oatmeal na lambu, amma babu sautunan launin kore da rawaya a cikin matattarar su, streaks a baya suna ƙyalli, gashin-baki da orbital zobe suna da kyau, babu ƙungiyar launin toka a kirji. Namijin namiji yana da laushi, ko macen ba ta bunkasa ko kuma a jikin kirji ba, kuma kananan tsuntsaye ma ba su da miji. Kira, kamar lambu mai oatmeal, waƙa tare da ƙarewa daban - “ziv-ziv-ziv-tyur-dash».
Farauta a gonar (Emberiza hortulana)
Shafin lambun lambun (a baya - gonar Hazyanka)
Dukan yankin Belarus
Iyalin Oatmeal - Emberizidae.
Tsarin halittar Monotypic, baya samar da tallafi.
Smallan ƙaramin yanayin ƙaura da nau'ikan ƙaura. An rarraba shi sosai a yankin kudancin jamhuri (mafi yawan lokuta a kudu maso gabashin ɓangaren Polesie).
Karami fiye da talakawa oatmeal. Girman sparrow, mai kama da shi a cikin babban tsarin jikin mutum, wutsiya kawai tana da tsawo. Namiji yana da saman da gefan kai, haka kuma kirji, ashen-launin toka, kuma makogwaron yana da shuɗi. Baya da wutsiya shine ruwan zaitun da ruwan hoda mai duhu mai duhu, wutsiyar fuka-fukai masu tashi da ruwan kasa. Babban kirji da ciki sune bulo-ja, baki da kafafu suna da launin shuɗi. Matan sun yi kama da maza, amma launin ruwan roba ya fi na maza kyau. Matar tana da kai da kirji a cikin dogon fata na fata, kuma yara kanana ma ba su da saututtukan ja a cikin nono. Girman namiji shine 19-26 g, mace ta kasance 18-25 g .. Tsawon jikin (duka jinsi) shine 16-17.5 cm, fikafikai 24-29 ne, tsawon reshe na maza shine 8-9 cm, sautinta kuma shine 6-7.5 cm, 1.7-2 cm, baki 1 cm .. Tsawon reshe na mace shine 8 cm, wutsiya 6.5 cm, yats 1.9-2 cm, baki 1 cm.
Waƙar tana da ladabi, karin waƙa, tana kama da sautin ringi mai rawar jiki ko kararrawa.
Yana zaune wuri mai faɗi a buɗe tare da bishiyoyi masu tsayi, ciyayi mai tsayi kuma ba ciyayi mai yawa ba. Ya fi son gefuna gandun daji da bishiyoyi a tsakanin filayen. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin lambuna, ambaliyar kogi da wuraren lambun da ke da babban yanki, a cikin tsiran daji na dusar ƙanƙara a kan manyan hanyoyi, a cikin manyan wurare da ke cike da labulen ciyayi iri iri da ciyawa.
A cikin bazara ya sauka da kwari a cikin rabin na biyu na Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Maza sune farkon waɗanda suka isa kuma jim kaɗan bayan isowarsu sun fara rairawa.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan isowa, gonar oatmeal tana zaɓar wani yanki inda za'a ci gaba da gina gidan. Edsungiyoyi a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, waɗanda galibi suna kan nesa mai nisa daga juna. Koyaya, a wasu shekaru a wasu wurare zai iya samar da ƙauyuka masu yawa.
Yana gina gida a ƙasa, sau da yawa a cikin amfanin gona na hatsi, a filin Clover, tsakanin ciyayi mai ciyawar ciyawa a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin daji ko ciyawar ciyawa, a ƙarƙashin wani katako mai ban sha'awa, da gwaninta. Da son rai yana da gida a kan wani m surface: a gangaren karamin kwari, rami ko tsanya. Don gina gida, ya zaɓi rami mai zurfi wanda samansa ya kai matakin ƙasa. Abubuwan gini suna bushe bushe da ganye na hatsi, Tushen bakin ciki, kuma lokaci-lokaci bushe bushe. Rufin yana da yawa (har zuwa 1.5 cm lokacin farin ciki) kuma ya ƙunshi tushen, gashin doki, a wasu yanayi tare da gashin fuka-fukan. Matsakaicin girma daga cikin gida: matsakaicin gida mai girma 13.4 cm, madaidaicin gida mafi girma 5.2 cm, zurfin tray 3.7 cm, diamita 6.8 cm.
A cikin cikakken kwanciya 4-6 (yawanci 5) qwai. Harsashi maras kyau, fari, mai haske launin toka, ashy-bluish, wani lokacin pinkish ko ma light brown brown tint. A kansa, aibobi, dige, layin da aka lasafta suna da wuya a warwatsa su: manyan kananun ƙasa (baƙi, baƙi-mai-baki ko ceri-baki) da ƙananan kannun fitila (haske da violet-launin toka ko ruwan hoda). Tsarin kwai 2.6 g, tsawon 18-20 mm, diamita 15 mm.
A tsuntsu fara sa qwai a tsakiyar watan Mayu - farkon Yuni. Wataƙila ɗayan itace ɗaya a cikin shekara, tunda kasancewar kasancewar abin haɗin kai na biyu bai kasance ingantacce ba. Idan ana maganar masonry ana maimaita shi. Matan suna sanya incubates na tsawon kwanaki 11-12. Duk iyayen sun ciyar da kajin.
Tuni yana da shekaru 10, har yanzu ba a san yadda za a tashi ba, kajin ya watse daga gida ya watsa a wurare daban-daban. Wannan halin har zuwa wani lokaci yana hana mutuwar brood daga magabata.
Broods na kananan tsuntsaye ana samunsu a ƙarshen watan Yuni - Yuli a cikin kwari kwarin. Kafin tashiwar kaka, buhunan gonar ba ya yin babban gungu.
Tashin kaka na lokacin oatmeal na lambu a Belarus ya faɗo a farkon rabin Satumba - rabin farkon Oktoba.
Suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itaciya iri-iri, yayin da suke ciyar da kajin suna farautar kananan kwari da tsintsayen su.
Yawan oatmeal na lambu a cikin Belarus an kiyasta kimanin dubu biyu da dubu biyu da dubu huɗu da dari biyu, bisa ga ƙididdigar da aka ƙididdige na dubu biyu zuwa dubu biyu. Yawan yana bambanta kowace shekara.
An hada nau'in a cikin Littafin Red na Belarus tun 1993. Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da barazanar shine canjin yanayin agrolandscapes, musamman lalata coppices, labulen daji da ciyawa tsakanin filayen kiwo.
Matsakaicin shekarun da aka yiwa rajista a Turai shine shekaru 6 watanni 10.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Mulkin dabbobi na Belarus. Vertebrates: littafin rubutu. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Tsuntsayen Belarus: Jagorar Jagora don Nests da ƙwai" Minsk, 1989.-479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. ye., Abramova I. V. "Tsinkayen tsuntsaye a kudu maso yamma na Belarus. Passeriformes: tarihin duniya." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. “Tsuntsayen Belarus”. Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) LITTAFIN jerin bayanan tarihin rayuwar tsuntsayen Turai.
Bayanin
Aka rarraba shi a mafi yawan kasashen Turai da Yammacin Asiya. A cikin bazara, ya yi ƙaura zuwa wurare masu zafi na Afirka, ya dawo ƙasarsu a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Gidansu ya bambanta a yankuna daban-daban na kewayonsu. Don haka, a Faransa, wuraren shakatawa na lambu sun fi so su zauna a wuraren da ke da gonar inabi, yayin da a wasu ƙasashe ba'a taɓa ganin su a irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Yankin ya wuce arewa zuwa Scandinavia da kuma bayan Arctic Circle, inda tsuntsu ke ciyar da filayen masara da kewayensu.
Oatmeal lambu yana da tsawo 16 cm kuma tana nauyin 20-25 g. A bayyanar da halayensa, yayi kama da na oatmeal na yau da kullun, amma launi bashi da haske. Shugaban yana da launin toka-toka-toshi. Muryar tana da mutuntawa, waƙar ta ƙunshi whistles da yawa kuma yana da ɗan sauki fiye da oatmeal na talakawa.
Nests suna kusa ko kusa da ƙasa. Suna da siffa mai ado ko kuma zagaye, 8 cm ne mai girman kamu .. Gwanin oatmeal yana sanya ƙwai 4-6 tare da harsashi mai sheki da ɗan inuwa mai shuɗi. Shiryawa yana kai kwanaki 11-12. Kayayen tashi daga cikin gida a cikin rabin na Yuni.
Lambunan oatmeal na lambu suna shuka tsaba, amma ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran kwari suna cin kajin lokacin da suke ciyar da su.
Matsakaicin rayuwa a cikin daji shine shekaru 5.8.
Jin Dadi
Ana cin abinci oatmeal na lambu kuma an ɗauke shi wani abu mai kyau. A bisa ga al'ada, buhunan lambu ana ciyar da ƙarfi, a kulle cikin akwatin duhu tare da gero. Duhu a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kunna dabi'ar ci gaba da ɗaukar abinci. Ana kashe Oatmeal ta nutsar da shi a Armagnac, bayan haka ana soyayyen shi duka kuma an cinye shi gabaɗaya. Tsarin gargajiyar Faransawa na gargajiya na ɗaukar wannan tasa ya haɗa da rufe kai da cin adiko na goge baki, wanda ke ba da hankali ga ƙanshin abincin. Wannan halin, ana fassara shi da baƙin ƙarfe a matsayin ƙoƙari don ɓoye abin da ke faruwa daga idanun Allah. (A cikin sashi na 6 na 3 na jerin jerin biliyoyin, an nuna wannan al'ada a sarari)
Ganyen man shafawa shima wani bangare ne na fitar da kasar ta Cyprus.
Doka ta haramtawa farautar oatmeal a Faransa tun 1999, amma ya ci gaba. Tsakanin 1997 da 2007, ana cin abinci fiye da oatmeal 50,000 a Faransa a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da raguwar 30% na alƙalumarsu
Bayyanar
Girman oatmeal na lambu karami ne: tsayinsa ya kai 15 cm, kuma nauyinta ya kai 20 zuwa 25. Duk da irin kwatankwacinsa ga ƙwarya, ba zai yuwu ta rikitar da waɗannan tsuntsayen ba: launin gandun oatmeal yana da haske sosai, ginin jikin ma yana ɗan bambanci: jikinta ya fi tsufa, kafafuwanta da wutsiyarta sun fi tsawo, gemunsa kuma sun fi yawa.
A cikin wannan nau'in, fasalin launuka ya bambanta dangane da jinsi da shekarun tsuntsu. A mafi yawan shinge na lambun, ana zana kan kai a cikin hular launin toka mai launin toka-toka, wanda daga nan sai ya shiga cikin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi-mai launin toka a wuyan, sannan kuma ya koma launin toka-mai launin ruwan hoda a bayan tsuntsu, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da launin toka-launin ruwan hoda tare da ɗanɗano mai launin shuɗi a kan ƙananan baya da saman. Plwaya akan fikafikan baƙar fata ce mai launin shuɗi, tare da ƙananan aibobi.
Ringaƙƙarfan wuta a kusa da idanun, har da hakora, makogwaro da goiter, na iya zama kowane inuwa daga ɗamarar haske mai haske zuwa launin fari mai haske, wanda a hankali ya juya ya zama mai launin zaitun a kan kirjin oatmeal. Cutar ciki da ƙasa basa da ɗanɗano launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi mai haske a gefuna. Gashin baki da kafafu na wadannan tsuntsayen suna da wani irin haske mai launin ja, idanun kuwa masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A cikin hunturu, yadda ake girbe shingen lambun ya ɗan bambanta da lokacin bazara: launinta ya zama mara nauyi, kuma iyaka mai haske ta bayyana a gefan gashin fuka-fukan.
A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, launi yafi birgesu, bugu da kari, kajin da suka girma suna da banbanci mai duhu mai duhu a duk jikin kuma a kai. Gashinsu da ƙafafunsu masu launin shuɗi, ba ja, kamar sauran danginsu.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Lambun oatmeal na] aya daga cikin wa] annan tsuntsayen da ke tashi cikin hunturu don lamuran lamuran sama a lokacin bazara. A lokaci guda, lokacin da suka fara ƙaura, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna fada a tsakiyar kaka. A lokacin bazara, tsuntsaye suna barin hunturu a Afirka da Kudancin Asiya kuma suna komawa wuraren asalinsu don ba da rayuwa ga sabon ƙarni na katako.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kudancin lambun sun fi son yin ƙaura zuwa kudu a cikin manyan garken, amma sun dawo daga yawo, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin ƙananan rukuni.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun, kuma a lokacin rani sun fi aiki da safe da maraice, lokacin da zafin ya yi ɗan ƙara kaɗan ko bai fara farawa ba. Kamar duk masu wucewa, wuraren shakatawa na son yin iyo a cikin manyan rafuffuka, rafuffukan rami da kuma a cikin koguna mai zurfin teku, kuma bayan sun yi wanka sai su zauna a bakin gaci su fara tsabtace su. Muryar waɗannan tsuntsayen tana ɗan tunano wata tsawa, amma kuma tana ƙunshe da abubuwan sarrafawa, waɗanda masana ilimin dabbobi ke kira “farauta”. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, shinge na lambu suna raira waƙa, suna zaune a kan manyan rassan bishiyoyi ko tsintsaye, daga inda suke iya lura da yanayin da kuma inda kansu suke a bayyane a fili.
Ba kamar kwari ba, ba za a iya kiran oatmeal tsuntsaye masu ƙyalli ba, amma a lokaci guda ba su da tsoron mutane: suna iya kwantar da hankalin su ci gaba da yin kasuwancin nasu a gaban mutum. Kuma, a halin yanzu, zai zama da amfani ga mutane su ji tsoron farauta na lambun, musamman waɗanda daga cikinsu suke zaune a Faransa: wannan zai taimaka yawancinsu su guji ƙyamar kamawa kuma, mafi kyawun, sun ƙare a cikin keji a farfajiyar rayuwa, kuma mafi munin yanayi. gaba daya ta zama abinci mai karin kumallo a gidan abinci mai tsada.
Koyaya, a cikin zaman talala, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da tushe sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin masu ƙaunar daji ke kiyaye su a gida.. Kudannin lambunan, suna zaune a cikin keji ko a cikin jirgin sama, da yardar rai zasu kyale masu su karbe su a hannunsu, kuma idan an saki wadannan tsuntsayen daga keji, ba sa kokarin tashi sama, amma, galibi, bayan sun yi wasu kananan da'ira a kusa da dakin, sai su koma ga keji. .
Dimorphism na jima'i
Girman maza da mata na farauta na lambu ba su da bambanci sosai, tsarin jikinsu yayi kama da juna, ban da gaskiyar cewa mace na iya zama ɗan ƙaramin poizuyuschee. Koda yake, dimplephism a cikin wadannan tsuntsayen bayyane bayyane saboda bambancin launin launi: a cikin maza yana da haske kuma ya bambanta fiye da na mace. Babban bambance-bambancen shine cewa shugaban namiji ya yi launin toka, na baya da wutsiya mai launin shuɗi, tare da wuya, goiter, kirji da ciki, lokacin farin ciki.
A launuka na mace, sautunan zaitun masu launin kore-giya sun fi yawa, kirjinta da ciki suna da farin ciki tare da ruwan toka-zaitun mai launin kore. Kari akan haka, gashin fuka-fukan macen basu da irin wannan hasken hasken iyaka kamar na namiji. Amma mace tana da kwalliya mai cike da duhu a kirjin ta, wanda kusan mace ba ta iya gani.
Mahimmanci! Maza na lambun oatmeal ana zana su a launuka mai dumin haske mai haske, yayin da mace tayi sauƙin gane ta sautin-zaitun mai ruwan-kore, wanda yafi rinjayen launuka.
Habitat, mazauni
Oatmeal na lambu yana yaɗu ko'ina cikin Turai da Yammacin Asiya. Ba kamar yawancin gban littafin tarihin da suka fi son latitude na matsakaici ba, ana iya samun su a cikin Arctic.A wajen kudu, kewayonsu a Turai ya haura har zuwa Bahar Rum, duk da haka, tsibiran da suke zaune a Cyprus kawai. Wadannan tsuntsayen kuma suna zaune a Asiya - daga Siriya da Falasdinu har zuwa yammacin Mongolia. Don lokacin hunturu, farautawar lambun ta tashi zuwa Kudancin Asiya da Afirka, inda za'a iya samo su daga Gabar Tekun Farisa har zuwa Arewacin Afirka kanta.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ya danganta da wani yanki na kewayon su, wuraren shakatawa na lambu na iya rayuwa a wurare da dama, kuma, sau da yawa, a cikin wuraren da ba za ku iya samun su a wasu yankuna ba.
Don haka, a Faransa, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune kusa da gonar inabi, amma ba a same su a wani wuri a cikin sauran ƙasashe ba.. Oatmeal galibi yana zaune a filin dazuzzuka da kuma sarari. A cikin gandun daji mai yawa, ana iya ganin su a cikin share, gefuna, ko sharewa da suka mamaye tare da shuki. Yawancin lokaci suna kuma zama a cikin lambuna - al'adu ko an riga an watsar da su, har ma da rafin kogin. Ana samun waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin ƙananan tuddai, a kan tudu, duk da haka, ba sa hawa nesa cikin tsaunuka ba.
Abincin oatmeal na abinci
Yawan oatmeal na manya yana ciyar da abinci ne na shuka, amma zuriya kuma suna iya cin ƙananan inhibulat, irin su ƙafafu, gizo-gizo, kwari, da ƙanƙara na itace, yayin ciyarwa. A wannan lokacin, caterpillars na kwari iri-iri, irin su kwari na daji, ya zama abincin da suka fi so. Kamar yadda sunan tsuntsu ya nuna, hatsi oat sune abincin da aka fi so, amma oatmeal lambu ba ya ƙi daga sha'ir, kazalika da tsaba na wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire: bluegrass, nettle, birdlander, Clover, dandelion, plantain, forget-me-not, sorrel, fescue, spruce sara.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Lambun oatmeal ya fi son ciyar da kajin da abinci wanda ya kunshi duka shuka da abincin dabbobi. A lokaci guda, a farkon, iyaye suna ciyar da su da abinci mai narkewa, wanda suke kawo goiter, sannan - tare da kwari baki ɗaya.
Kiwo da zuriya
Lokacin kiwo a cikin wadannan tsuntsayen ya fara nan da nan bayan sun koma wuraren su na asali, yayin da mace ta zo kwanaki bayan fiye da maza, wanda, bayan isowar mace, fara raira waƙoƙi, yana jan hankalin tsuntsayen mata.
Bayan sun kirkiro nau'i-nau'i, oatmeal ya fara gina gida, kuma, don gina ginin, sai suka zaɓi hutu kusa da ƙasa, wanda aka rufe da bushe mai tushe na tsire-tsire hatsi, Tushen bakin ciki ko busassun ganye. An lullube gidan tsuntsun ta hanyar dawakai ko wasu gashin ungulates, wanda zasu iya samu, wani lokacin, hargitsin lambun suna amfani da fuka-fukai ko ƙwanƙolin waɗannan abubuwan.
Gida yana da siffar m ko zagaye wanda ya ƙunshi yadudduka biyu: waje da ciki. Gabaɗaya diamita na iya isa 12 cm, kuma diamita na ciki na ciki har zuwa 6.5 cm. A wannan yanayin, gida yana zurfafa daga 3-4 cm, saboda gefensa ya haɗu tare da gefen ramin da aka shirya shi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Idan yanayin yayi rana da zafi, to lokacin aikin gida shine kwana biyu. Matar ta fara kwan kwanciya a cikin kwanaki 1-2 bayan an gama ginin.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin kama akwai 4-5 da fari fararen ƙwai tare da sanyi mai launin shuɗi na qwai, mottled tare da manyan baki-launin ruwan kasa spots a cikin nau'i na shanyewar jiki da curls. Hakanan a kan kwanon kwai zaka iya ganin aibobi masu launin shuɗi-bakin ciki suna ƙarƙashin su. Yayin da mace take zaune a kan mazaunin, tana garkuwa da zuriya a nan gaba, namiji yakan kawo masa abincinsa kuma ta kowace hanya zai iya kiyayewa daga hatsari.
Ana haihuwar karnuka kamar kwana 10-14 bayan farawar kyanwa. An rufe su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-ƙasa kuma, kamar yawancin yara masu son haihuwa, ƙwanƙarar gashin baki a cikin su tana da ruwan hoda mai haske ko inuwa rasberi. Kajin suna amfanuwa, amma suna girma da sauri, saboda bayan kwanaki 12 zasu iya barin gida da kansu, kuma bayan kwanaki 3-5 zasu fara koyon tashi. A wannan lokacin, kajin sun riga sun fara cin 'ya'yan itacen dabbobin da ba su da iri ko kuma tsiro na herbaceous kuma da sannu za su kusan canzawa daga abincin dabbobi don shuka abinci.
Kusa da ƙarshen bazara, matasa oatmeal tare da iyayensu sun taru a cikin garken kuma suna shirin tashi zuwa kudu, kuma a lokaci guda, tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suna motsawa lokacin da aka maye gurbin abin maye gurbin sabon. Motsi na biyu na shekara bangare ne, kuma, a cewar wasu masu binciken, yana faruwa a cikin Janairu ko Fabrairu. Tare da shi, wani ɓangaren juzu'i na ƙaramin fuka-fukai yana faruwa. Buntings na lambun ya kai ga balaga da misalin shekara guda, kuma a daidai wannan lokacin ne suke fara neman abokin aure da kafa gida.
Abokan halitta
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa lambunan oatmeal mazaunan a ƙasa, sau da yawa ƙwai da ƙungiyar wannan tsuntsu ta kafa, ƙananan kajin, da kuma wasu lokuta manya, suna zama ganima. Daga cikin tsuntsayen namomin oatmeal, shaho da mujiya suna da haɗari musamman: na farkon farautarsu da rana, da ƙarshen farauta da dare. Daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, magabtan halitta na wadannan tsuntsaye sune dabbobi masu yanke hukunci kamar su dawakai, weasels da badgers.
Mahimmanci! Harin lambunan da ke kusa da gidajen mutane, alal misali, a cikin kewayen birni ko kusa da ɗakunan rani, galibi sukan zama waɗanda ke fama da kuliyoyi da karnukan gida. Har ila yau, haɗari a gare su a cikin wuraren da aka noma suna iya zama launin toka, magpies da jays, waɗanda kuma suke so su zauna kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A cikin duniya, jimlar yawan shinge na lambun ya kai akalla miliyan 22, kuma wasu masana ilimin ilimin dabbobi sunyi imanin cewa adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen akalla mutane miliyan 95 ne. Ba shi yiwuwa a kirga ainihin adadin irin waɗannan kananan tsuntsayen da ke da ɗimbin mazaunan. Ko ta yaya, tabbas za a iya jayayya cewa, a matsayin jinsin halitta, inacewar itacen oatmeal baya haɗari, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da matsayin muhallin ƙasa da ƙasa na muhalli: leastarancin damuwa.
Mahimmanci! Duk da cewa oatmeal lambu mai yawa ne kuma mai wadatar arziki, a wasu ƙasashen Turai kuma, da farko, a Faransa, ana ɗaukar waɗannan tsuntsayen masu saurin gaske, idan ba a haɗasu ba.
Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an cinye waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe inda wuraren farauta na lambu, kamar yadda, ba zato ba tsammani, mafi kusancin dangi, ya zama da wuya. Haka kuma, ba dabbobi masu yanke hukunci ba, amma mutanen da suka yanke shawarar cewa oatmeal na iya zama farantin abinci mai ƙoshin abinci, don shirye-shiryen abin da aka haɓaka fasaha ta musamman a cikin tsohuwar Roma don kitse da shirya gawawwakin tsuntsayen don soya ko yin burodi.
Kudin irin wannan tasa suna da yawa, amma wannan bai hana gourmets ba, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yawan adadin lambun a Faransa da kansa ya faɗi da kashi ɗaya bisa uku akan wasu shekaru goma. Kuma wannan yana faruwa duk da cewa farauta abin da ake kira "ortholans", kamar yadda ake kiran waɗannan tsuntsayen a Turai, an dakatar da su a cikin 1999. Ba'a san takamaiman adadin yawan shingen da ya fada wa masu cutar ba, amma masana kimiyya sun ba da shawara cewa sama da shekara guda akalla mutane dubu 50 suka mutu ta wannan hanyar.
Kuma idan batun ya shafi yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen a Faransa, zai zama matsala ce ta rikice-rikice, amma farautawar lambun, inda ake samu a wasu ƙasashe, galibi a cikin ƙasashen Baltic da Finland da ƙaura kudu ta Faransa zuwa kudu, suma zasu mutu. A cikin 2007, ƙungiyoyi na kulawa da dabbobi sun tabbatar da cewa Tarayyar Turai ta amince da wata doka ta musamman da ta danganci kare kariyar oatmeal daga lalatawar mutane ba tare da kamewa ba.
Dangane da wannan umarnin, an haramta masu zuwa a cikin kasashen EU:
- Kashe ko kama shingen lambun don dalilan kitse na gaba da kisa.
- Da gangan lalata ko lalata kuɗinsu ko ƙwai a cikin gida.
- Ka tattara ƙwai waɗannan waɗannan tsuntsaye don dalilai na tattarawa.
- Buntuwa suna cikin damuwa da gangan, musamman idan suna aiki ƙwai ƙwai ko ɗiyan kaji, saboda wannan na iya kaiwa ga manya barin gida.
- Don siye, siyar ko ci gaba da rayayyiyar tsuntsaye ko matattun dabbobi, da kuma abubuwan dabbobinsu ko kayan jikinsu masu sauƙin ganewa.
Bugu da kari, mutane a wadannan kasashe yakamata suyi rahoto ga kungiyoyi masu dacewa game da duk lamuran keta wadannan abubuwan da suka lura. Ba za a iya kiran oatmeal lambun da wuya ba, amma kuma ba a hana farauta ba a cikin ƙasashen Turai sosai yana shafar adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen. A wasu lardunan Faransa, alal misali, tuni ya kusan lalacewa; a wasu, lambobin sa sun ragu sosai. Abin farin ciki, aƙalla a cikin Rasha, wuraren shakatawa na lambu na iya jin, idan ba gaba ɗaya ba, to, a cikin amincin aminci: bayan duk, ban da masu cin gashin halitta, babu abin da ke tsoratar da waɗannan tsuntsayen a nan.