Mottled Marsupial Marten, ko Oriental Quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) - Dabba girman karamin cat, tsayin jikinta ya kai 45 cm, nauyi kimanin kilogram 1.5. Launin rigar kwalliya ya bambanta daga baki zuwa tan, fararen fata sun rufe dukkan jikinta, ban da wutsiya mai santimita-30 mai wutsiya. Dabba tana da wulakanci mai ban tsoro kuma, sabanin sauran nau'ikannun alamomin haɓaka, babu yatsunsu na farko akan ƙafar mahaifa. Quarfafawar gabas ta taɓa zama ruwan dare a kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya, amma bayan samun mulkin mallakar wannan yanki, sai suka fara farautar kaji da zomaye kuma ba a kashe su ba da tausayi. Fuka-fukai, karnuka da kuliyoyi da aka kawo a Ostiraliya suma sun taka rawa - masu fafatukar abinci na marsupial martens, kazalika da epizootics na 1901-1903. Sakamakon haka, adadin kwatancen gabas na raguwa ya ragu sosai, kuma yanzu haka marten marten marten ya kusan ƙarewa a cikin nahiyar (an ƙara ganin quolls na ƙarshe a cikin ƙauyukan Sydney a cikin 60s na karni na XX). An yi sa'a, ra'ayi har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a Tasmania. Koyaya, an jera shi a cikin Littafin IUCN Red Book tare da matsayin "kusa da barazanar."
Quoll na gabas da ke cikin gidan zoos da fasalin mating
Don adanawa martani ya mutu, an yanke shawarar yin ƙoƙarin koyon yadda za a kiyaye da kuma haifar da su cikin zaman talala. Wannan shine abin da likitocin dabbobi ke yi a Leipzig Zoo. Ayyukan su an sa masa suna cikin nasara - kuma yanzu abokan aikinsu suna yin kiwo a kai a kai kuma suna jin daɗi.
Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ma'aikatan Moscow Zoo suna cikin Leipzig, kuma suna son waɗannan kyawawan marsupials sosai har suka fara gano idan Moscow Zoo ɗin ba za su iya samun su ba. Kuma a watan Yuni na shekara ta 2015, jiga-jigai masu ɗaukar hoto guda shida sun isa Zoo na Moscow sau ɗaya - maza biyu da mata huɗu Bayan wani lokaci, an yi lissafin mating. Wannan tsari a cikin alamomin marsupials sabon abu ne wanda ba sabon abu ba ne kuma yana da wuyar watsi. A dabi'a, wannan yana faruwa kamar haka. Mace ta bar wata alama mai kamshi a bayan wanda namiji yake nema. Ya fara bibiyarta har sai da ta daga hankalinta kuma ta bai wa namiji dama ya kwantar da ita a hankali, yana ba da sigari game da shirye-shiryen ma'aurata. Yayin saduwar mace, namiji ya yi tsalle a bayan matar, ya manne a wuya. Yana yin wannan sosai har wuyan mace yana kumbura mai rauni kuma yankin fatar ya rage (ga takwarorin Australiya, to ya zama alama ce ta cin nasarar canjin). Abinda ya fi ban mamaki shine cewa saduwa da wadannan marsupials na iya kaiwa har zuwa awanni 24. Wani lokacin mazan sukanyi saurin rikicewa har sukan kashe abokin tarayya. Idan mace bata yarda nan da nan yin cokali ba, namiji zai kashe ta nan take. Maza a zahiri sun gaji da kansu har yakai ga yunƙurin yin mating da yawa. Duk tsawon lokacin kiwo, suna fafatawa da masu fafatawa, suna cin abinci kaɗan kuma kusan ba sa bacci. A sakamakon haka, a ƙarshen shekara, yawan abubuwan da suke gani na lalatattu yawancinsu mata ne da matasa.
Kiwo
Tsawon lokaci na ciki a ciki gabashin kwabbai shine ranakun 20-24. Mata suna da jakar tsintsiya wanda ke tasowa ne kawai a lokacin kiwo kuma yana buɗe baya (a wani lokaci, yayi kama da fatar fatar kan ciki). Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar san sanduna 5 mm a girma da nauyin 12.5 MG kuma hau zuwa cikin jakar mahaifiyarsu da kansu. Quolls na Gabas suna da matakai biyu na canza launi - akwai launuka na baki da launin ruwan kasa. A Zoo na Moscow, mace tana da launin ruwan kasa, namiji baƙi ne, saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa wasu daga cikin yaran sun kasance baƙi, wasu kuma launin ruwan kasa. Yawanci, mace tana haihuwar cubaya 4-8, duk da cewa tana iya haihuwa har zuwa 30. Tun da girman brood an iyakance shi ne kawai akan nono shida, waɗannan yaran ne kawai zasu iya zuwa jakar da farko. An jarirai suna cikin jakar da aka haɗe da kan nono na tsawon kwanaki 60-65 kuma suna ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin rami har zuwa lokacin da akayen yayen, wanda ke faruwa a cikin kwanaki 150-165. Gashinsu yana bayyana yana da shekaru 51-59, idanunsa a buɗe na kimanin kwanaki 79, hakora sun fara farawa har tsawon kwanaki 90 kuma suna gamawa ne kwanaki 177. Bayan makonni 8, 'Ya'yan suna barin jaka kuma tsawon lokacin farauta mata suna samun mafaka a cikin kogon. An fara daga kwanaki 85, lokacin da yaran su suka riga suka lalace, amma har yanzu sun dogara ne da mahaifiyarsu, sukan farauta da daddare, su kan jingina da ita, amma a hankali daidaituwa na motsin su yana inganta, kuma suna zama masu 'yanci. Lokacin da yake kimanin kwanaki 100, cubanyenmu na iya kashe ganima, kuma kafin hakan, mace tana taimaka musu wajen yin wannan.
A dabi'ance, mace-mace na nau'ikan mata biyu ya ragu matuƙar sun kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu, amma yana da girma sosai a farkon watanni 6 na rayuwa mai 'yanci. Cubs gaba ɗaya suna girma kuma suka zama balaga ta ƙarshen ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Gabaɗaya, tsawon rayuwar almara na rayuwa ya takaice idan aka kwatanta da dabbobi masu shayarwa masu girman daidai. Kodayake yawan kwalliya suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7 a cikin bauta (matsakaici na shekaru 2 4 watanni), a cikin yanayin basa rayuwa sama da shekaru 3-4.
Habitat da abinci mai gina jiki
A dabi'a, kusurwoyin suna zaune galibin gandun daji a cikin kwarin kogi, amma a wasu lokuta ana iya samun su a cikin lambuna har ma da kayan kwalliyar gidaje na kewayen birni (musamman a lokutan baya). Suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici da rashin rayuwa. Martens mottled yawanci farauta a ƙasa, duk da haka, suna da kyau don hawa itatuwa. A lokacin da suke neman mafaka a cikin kabarin, tarin duwatsun, ramuka na bishiyoyi, a cikin tushen sa, aka yi watsi da kwari da sauran wuraren fakewa. Dabbobin suna kwance wuri don hutawa da rana tare da haushi da ciyawa.
Quolls suna ciyar da yalwar ciyarwa: ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, lizards da macizai, ƙyallen ƙasa, kwari da larvae, ciyawar ƙasa, ciyawa da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Gwargwadon yuwuwar ta wuce kilogram 1.5, kodayake ƙwayoyin kwastomomi suna da ikon kashe kaji. Tunda wadannan marsupials basu da kayan aikin murkushe manyan kasusuwa, zasu iya aiwatar da kananan kasusuwa ne kawai. A dabi'ance, maharan marsupial yawanci suna ciyar da gawawwakin dabbobi da shaidanun Aljanu suka kashe (latterarshen su suna iya cin naman gawa daga dabbar dabbobi masu fata-fata).
Saurari muryar mahayin mahaukaci
Idan akwai buƙatar gaggawa, Marten zai iya hawa tare da kututturen da yake zato. A cikin lokacin zafi sosai, dabbobi suna ɓoye cikin kogo, cikin rawar gishirin bishiyoyi, tsakanin duwatsu. Marten ja haushi da ciyawa cikin waɗannan mafaka, suna gina gida.
Martens iya hawa dutsen da fasaha, hawa daga bi.
Lokacin kiwo yana daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Ostiraliya ne hunturu a wannan lokacin. Oneaya mace ta haihu da jarirai sama da 4, yayin ɗaurin aure, guda ɗaya mai baƙar fata ta haien ta haifi ɗa 24. Amma, abin takaici, waɗannan yaran ne kawai suke tsira waɗanda sune farkon waɗanda suka fara gano kan nono kuma suka manne da shi, kuma a cikin jakar uwa akwai yara kan nono 6, saboda haka, 6 ne kawai daga cikin cuba cubanyan suka rayu.
Marten da aka yi magana a cikin kwalliyar ta.
Jakar brood na waɗannan martens ya sha bamban da jakar kangaroo: an ƙirƙira shi ne kawai a lokacin kiwo, yayin da aka tura shi wutsiya. Babiesa babiesan jariran basu barin jakar mahaifiyar kusan makonni 8, bayan haka suna zama a cikin ramin yayin da macen take farauta.
Idan ya cancanta, 'ya' yan za su yi tafiya a bayan mahaifiyar. Lokacin da zuriyar tayi girma zuwa makonni 18-20, yakan bar mahaifiyar. Martens morsled marsupial, kamar dabbobi da yawa na Australiya, suna cikin littafin farko.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.