Wani mummunan wuri a duniyar tamu, wanda ake kira Terasar Mutuwa ta Indiya, ya zama fagen rayuwar nau'ikan ɗan itacen da ke cikin haɗari - zaki na Asiya. Inda ƙasa ta bushe sosai a ƙarƙashin zafin rana wanda ya fashe ya kusan gashe, dabbobi da yawa ana tilasta su yin rayuwa don rayuwa: daga saƙo, dawakai da jakuna zuwa jaguars da zakuna.

A nan, a wani yanki mai girman da ya kai tsawon kilomita dubu 11 da ake kira jejin Rajasthan da Gujarat, da wuya a sami katako mai tsayi. Ta yaya kuka sami nasarar adana yawan zina na Asiya a cikin wannan mummunan yanayi? Mecece mafi girma ga kowane nau'in halittar ɗan adam a duniya? A yau zamuyi kokarin amsa wadannan tambayoyin, kuma zamu fada muku menene ya bambanta babban dodo Asiya daga wasu wakilan dabbobi masu yawan kyauta.

Smallan ƙaramin digo cikin tarihi

Yawancin masana tarihi da masana ilimin archaeoji sun ce a zamanin da, zakunan Asiya suna rayuwa kusan ko'ina. Ofayansu ya yi yaƙi da gwarzo na Littafi Mai Tsarki Samson, yayin da sauran suka cinye gladiators a wuraren da Rome ta ke. Koyaya, bayan yawan shekaru masu ban sha'awa, waɗannan manyan wakilan 'yan itacen zaki sun zabi hamada ta Indiya, sannan masu arziki a cikin dabbobi, a matsayin wurin zama. Yawan zakuna, a wata ma'anar, dabbobinsu, an auna su cikin dubbai. Amma a farkon karni na 20, yanayin ya canza sosai. Mutane 13 ne kawai suka tsira daga zaki na Asiya suka zauna a cikin jeji, amfanin da ke tsakanin su shi ne wakilan shekarun haihuwa, wanda ya ba da damar adana tsohon wakilin ɗan itacen. Dalilin wannan raguwa sosai a yawan adadin zakuna shine magunguna marasa inganci waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a Indiya. Daga kyawawan manufofin ɗan adam da aka inganta don inganta lafiyar mazaunan hamada ta Pride, sakamakon allurar ƙarancin inganci, mutane da yawa ba za su iya rayuwa ba bayan shirin yin rigakafin. Af, zaki Asiya shine girman da Indiya da alama ce ta ƙasa. An bai wa dabbar irin wannan lakabi, saboda ƙarfin, ƙarfin hali da alheri.

Yadda zaka gane mutum mai kyau daga irin naku?

Wakilan zaki da ke zaune a Gujarat da Rajasthan sun banbanta da takwarorinsu na jikin wata dabba. Suna da ƙasa ƙasa. Koyaya, imani ne na yau da kullun cewa, saboda tsaruwa, waɗannan mutanen sun yi ƙasa da sauran zakuna - kuskure ne. Akasin haka, zaki na Asiya (zaki ɗan India shine sunan shi saboda mazaunin) ya fi girma fiye da sauran ƙwayar halittar duniya. Matsakaicin nauyin jikinsu wani lokaci ya kai kilogiram 250. Mafi yawan lokuta, wannan iyakar yana da yawa kuma yana amfani ga maza kawai. Matar tayi nauyi daga 90 zuwa 150 kg. Wani sanannen sigar zaki na Asiya shine tsawon jikinta. A dabi'a, an yi hukunci idan an ɗaga namiji kusan mita 3. Preari daidai, tsawon jikinsa ya kasance mita 2.92. Gaskiya ne, bai kamata kuyi tunanin wannan ya faru tare da yawan jama'a ba. Wannan adadi da aka gabatar kawai rikodin ne. Koyaya, zaki ɗan Indiya shine mafi dadewa a cikin kuliyoyi.

Bayanin zaki na Asiya: launi da gashi

Amma ga launi, duk abin da yake misali a nan, ban da maƙarƙashin namiji. Da alama an haɗa shi da jikin dabbar, kuma ba a disheveled ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran nau'in dabbobin. Af, yana da kyau a lura cewa kunnuwan irin wannan zaki suna cike da gashi. Wannan sabon abu kuma ana iya danganta shi da fasalin wannan nau'in jinsin.

Abubuwan Alfahari da Abubuwan Alfahari

An rarrabe zakuna na Asiatic da gaskiyar cewa sun fi son tara a cikin ƙananan fayel, ba kamar sauran nau'in halittu ba. Yawan mutane a cikin iyali ɗaya na iya ƙidaya daga dabbobi 6 zuwa 8, tsohuwar mace koyaushe tana aiki a matsayin babba a cikin wannan girman kai. Ita, a matsayinta na mafi ƙwararriyar mai cin riba, galibi tana samun nasara fiye da sauran wajen farauta, wanda ke nuna cewa tana ƙoshin lafiya sosai ga sabanin wasu. Babban mace babba tana ciyar da liona lionan zaki kuma suna kare girman kai daga harin da ba a zata ba. A cikin waɗannan ƙananan ƙauyuka na zakuna ba su da maza, kuma su, a zahiri, ba sa fifita prides, suna zuwa ne kawai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci: a lokacin kiwo da kuma lokacin da suke fama da ƙoshin yunwa. Af, zaki na India shine mafarautan farauta. Su, ba kamar sauran nau'in halitta ba, ba sa bin wanda aka azabtar, amma suna amfani da tasirin abin mamaki, suna jiran ganima a wuraren da ba mafaka.

Halin Indiyawan Indiya da halinsu ga halitta

A cikin jeji na Rajasthan da Gujarat, da ake kira yankin mutuwa na Indiya, ban da dabbobi, mutane suna yin faɗa don rayuwa. Yawan mutane masu yawa suna zaune wadannan wurare: miliyan 130. Wannan kusan shine rabin yawan jama'ar Amurka ta Amurka. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a faɗi cewa a Indiya suna taimaka zakuna, maimakon ƙoƙarin halaka su don nishaɗi. Hankalin Hindu da al'adunsu na al'ada, jagorancin manufar "ahimsa," wanda a zahiri ma'anar girmamawa ga dukkan abubuwa masu rai, ga kowane halitta, ya tsara mutanen wannan kabila ba wai kawai su tsaya da tsaka tsaki da duniyar halitta ba, har ma don taimakawa raunana mutane ko waɗanda ke bakin ruwa. halaka, shawo kan matsaloli da kuma jimre wa. Don haka, an kirkiro ajiyar kaya a Indiya, inda aka kwashe duk mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin Asiatic zaki (zamu tuna 13 kawai ya rage a farkon karni na 20). Yanzu yawan mutanen da ke cin amanar ƙasa ya cika kuma yana da zakuna sama da 500.

Abin da zai iya zama mafi kyau fiye da 'yanci?

Yankin da zakunan Indiya suke zaune ba da gangan ba a kira shi yankin mutuwa. Babu shakka duk dabbobin da ke nan ba wasu bane face daidaita da yanayin matsananciyar rayuwa da rayuwa kusan kusan yunwar. Wani ɗan zaki a wani lokaci zai iya cin abincin da ya ci nauyin kilogram 45, kuma gabaɗaya sati mai zuwa don fama da yunwar ba hadiye wani nama ba. An zakoki na Asiya da aka tashe a cikin daji suna bambanta ta taƙama, amma ruhun bestial ɗin ba shi da cikakkiyar damuwa, saboda ta mugunta babu wani abin da ya fi kyan gani kyau.

Fitowar zaki Indiya

Idan aka kwatanta da takwaraninta na Afirka, zaki na Asiya ya ɗan ɗan yi kaɗan. Suna da banbanci sosai a cikin maza da maza - suna birgima a cikin ɗan Afirka, kuma basu da yawa, kamar dai kusa da jikin Asiya ne. Maza na zaki na Asiya sunyi nauyi tsakanin kilogiram 160-190, da mata - 110-120 kg. Tsawon jikin wakilan wannan nau'in ya bambanta daga mita 2.2 zuwa 2.4 - rikodin sa ya kai mita 2.92. Matsayi a cikin ƙ atƙashin zakuna a kan matsakaici ya dace da 100 - 105 cm, mafi girman da aka ƙididdige wannan darajar shine 107 cm. A launi, a tsakanin su ana samun fatar daga launin toka-toka zuwa yashi-launin toka.

Zakin na Asiatic yana rayuwa ne gabaɗaya a Indiya.

A waɗanne sassa na duniyarmu za a iya samun wannan dabbar a yau?

A zamanin yau, ana iya samun wannan dabbar da azzalumai a wuri guda - Girayar halitta ta Gira ta Jihar Gujarat a Indiya. Yankin mazauninsu yana da ƙanana - murabba'in kilomita 1400 kawai.

Zakuna sun gwammace dazuzzuka masu karamin karfi tare da shukakkun daji wadanda aka maye gurbinsu da filaye. A farkon karni na karshe, wadannan kuliyoyin sun mutu kusan sun mutu - amma 13 kawai daga cikinsu.

Rayuwar Asiya na Asiya da halayyar ta

Wannan nau'in zaki yana nufin dabbobi na zamantakewa waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin gidajen gado, wato ƙungiyoyin iyali. Ridarfin zaki na Asiya, ciki har da ɗan maraƙi, ba su da yawa fiye da na Afirka - kuliyoyi 8-12 maimakon 24-30 a Afirka. Da farko dai, an yi bayanin wannan ne ta hanyar girman girman abin da suke nema, kuma zakin mata biyu sun shiga cikin farauta, ba shida. Abinci aikin zaki ne. Maza suna aiki don kare ƙasa kuma suna sabunta halittar.

Kariya daga zakunan Indiya na kyanwa

Lowarancin adadin zakunan Asiya yana da damuwa ga kwararru. An lissafa wannan magabcin a cikin Littafin Red, kuma a ƙarshen karni na ashirin an gabatar da wani shiri na musamman don ƙirƙirar shi a cikin reshen Arewacin Amurka. Ba shi yiwuwa a haye zakin Asiya tare da wasu nau'in, tunda ya zama dole a kula da tsarancin ɗabi'ar jama'a. In ba haka ba, za a “yi masa kwalliya” da ƙarin asashe masu yawa.

Zakunan Asiya suna ƙarƙashin tsaro mai ƙarfi.

Jagoran jihar da Girsky Reserve ya ke, har yanzu ba ta canza zakin zuwa wasu wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar ba. Tun da wannan cat na musamman, jihar tana ba da ajiyar abubuwa da dama da yawa kuma tana bada tallafi. Da zaran zaki na Asiya ya fara samun nasara cikin sauran ƙasashe, waɗannan shirye-shiryen za su ragu. Koyaya, yawan dabbobi a hankali ke ƙaruwa, kuma ba da dadewa ba wani ɓangare daga cikinsu zai ƙaura zuwa sabon mazauninsu.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.