Babban Encyclopedia na Soviet Ma'anar kalmar a cikin kamus ɗin Babbar Soviet Encyclopedia
ɗan ci kudan zuma (Pernis apivorus), tsuntsu mai cin ganyayyaki. Tsawon Layi. jiki kusan 60 cm, fuka-fuki kusan 140 cm Launi na damutsi mai ɗorewa ne, musamman a cikin tsuntsayen yara, a cikin manya na baya yana launin toka-ƙasa, ɓangaren ƙananan jikin yana duhu tare da haske mai gudana. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi.
Misalan yin amfani da kalmar wasp a cikin wallafe-wallafe.
Idan ba don ɗan hutu tsakanin kowace huɗa ba, ana iya kuskure kuskuren gaggafa irin ƙwaro da mujiya, kwaikwayo ya kasance cikakke.
Yayi sanyi, yayi farin ciki, haske a irin ƙwaro, cikin rawar jiki mai girgizawa, cikin fikafikan sama da aka tashi sama gabanin saukarwa, don durkushewa kuma ya sake tashi, ya fantsama a gaban irin wannan sha'awar, girman kai, haƙuri da kaɗaita.
Wannan kaza daga ɗayan fewan nau'i ne irin ƙwarofarauta a Burtaniya.
Tabbas, na tuna ji game da irin ƙwaro, amma a kowane hali ban ma iya tunanin cewa wannan tsuntsu ba.
Alamomin waje na muryar shaho
Hawan da aka suturta yana da girman jiki na cm 46. Tsubin fikafi daga 80 zuwa 105 cm ne nauyi ya kai 260 - 448 g.
Crested Hawk ko Baza Aka Tsara (Aviceda subcristata)
Launin rushewar kai, wuya da kirji babba kyakkyawar launin shuɗi ne. Nape tare da bakin ciki ko baƙi ko launin toka mai duhu. Gashin fuka-fukan a baya da kuma saman fikafikan su masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi. Fewan gashin fuka-fukai masu launin ruwan hoda suna nan a kafadu da kuma ƙarƙashin fikafikan fuka-fukan. Kirji a kasa fararen fata ne, yana da launuka iri-iri masu duhu launin ruwan kasa. Gashin wutsiya sune launin shuɗi-shuɗi, ƙarƙashin wutsiya mai launin shuɗi ne. Iris mai rawaya ne. Kafafu suna gajeru, lokacin farin ciki tare da fararen yatsu. A gefuna na baki biyu tare da rarrabuwa iri biyu.
Launin launin shuwukanta na ƙuruciya masu ƙyalƙyali ba ƙasa da tsari.
Tsarukan Hawk
Shahararrun shaho na zaune a wurare masu zafi. A duk faɗin yadda aka rarraba shi, tsuntsu mai cin nama yana zaune a dazuzzukan daji masu ɗumi ko daɗaɗɗu, koyaushe suna da wuraren buɗewa.
Maharbin wanda yake da gashin tsuntsu ya manne a gefen gandun daji tare da tsaftataccen dutsen daji, kuma a cikin gandunan savannah ya bayyana tsakanin bishiyoyi masu girma
Yana zaune a gefunan farko na daji, a kan sharewa a cikin ƙananan wurare da ƙananan ƙafafun gandun daji, gandun daji - mahalli tare da kogin da kuma cikin gandun daji tare da ganye masu yawa wanda aka dace da fari. Koyaushe yana guje wa bude shimfidar wurare da wuraren da babu 'yanci daga bishiyoyi ko wuraren da barazanar faduwa. Wani lokaci yakan zauna kusa da ruwa, a cikin gandun daji na birni da wuraren shakatawa na birni da kuma lambuna a cikin hunturu.
Hawan da aka fi sani da yawo tsakanin bishiyoyi, kusan ba shi da ganyaye, yawanci yakan hau kan rawanin. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su ɗaya, a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko ƙungiyoyin iyali, wani lokacin har tsuntsaye 20.
Shahararrun shaho na zaune a wurare masu zafi.
Rarraba Hawk
Crested Hawk wani nau'in halitta ne na Australia. An samo shi ba a kan babban yankin ba, har ma a New Guinea da tsibiran da ke haɗe da shi, da kuma gabashin tsibirin Sunda. A Ostiraliya, ana rarraba wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ganima a gefen tekun arewa da Derby, a cikin Kimberleys, kusa da Sydney.
Gidajen ya hada da tsibirin Mollusk da kuma gabashin gabas ta tsibirin Solomon, tsibirin Papua da New Guinea zuwa arewa da gabashin Ostiraliya.
Koyaya, yanayin da aka fi sani da shahara shine irin nau'in da ba kasafai yake faruwa ba a yankuna masu bushewa da kuma yammacin gangara.
Wanda ake damun Hawk da Abinci
Siffofin halayyar shaho
A lokacin kiwo, damuke sharar fage ya zama ba a bayyane kuma ba zai sake nuna alamun tashin su ba. Wasu lokuta sukan tafi zuwa babba mai tsayi, suna yin ayyukan da suka dace da juna.
Tsuntsaye suna da wahalar ganewa, ban da lokacin da tsuntsayen ganima suka tara tara a kusa da bakin tekun. A cikin hunturu da bazara, suna yin yawo a cikin gida tsakanin yankuna a kan kwari da tsakanin tsaunuka. A cikin lokacin daga Maris zuwa Satumba, zaka iya ganin gungun tsuntsaye masu ƙaura tare da mutane 30.
Abubuwan sharar fata masu fuka-fukai suna cin ganima kusan kawai a kan tituna.
Su, a matsayin mai mulkin, kama da ganima a cikin ganyayyaki ko a waje da bushes, rayayye iya shiga cikin lokacin farin ciki na ganye da kuma cikin interweaving na rassan.
Shararrun hazo wasu lokuta kan rataye a jikin rassan bishiya, suna tattara kwari. Wannan hanyar farauta tana buƙatar babban dexterity da babban fasaha a cikin ma'adanin motsawa tsakanin bishiyoyi. Wani lokaci tsuntsaye sukan zauna a ƙarshen rassan kusa da saman, tare da jefa kawunansu baya kuma fikafikansu ba su buɗe. A wannan yanayin, shararrun shaho na fata suna neman ganyen kwari da larvae.
A lokacin kiwo, shahararrun shaho suna zama mara bayyane kuma basu sake nuna tashin su ba.
Dabarar Shayarwar Hawk
Lokacin kiwo na shararrun shaho yana faruwa a watan Oktoba kuma yana iya wucewa har zuwa farkon Janairu. Lokacin farauta yana dogara ne da yanayin yanayin yanayi, kuma, a yanayin yanayin bushewar, ana jinkirtawa har zuwa rabi ko ma ƙarshen Janairu.
Farkon kakar wasa alama ce ta kukan tsuntsayen tsuntsaye iri iri. Namiji da mace na iya hawa sama tare, suna yin motsi kamar-na motsi, sai su kuma su faɗi ƙasa, daga nan su hau zuwa saman ƙwararrun fikafikai. Wani lokaci namiji yakanyi saurin saukowa daga dutsen, yana bayanin karamin baka, sannan yayi wani sabon hawa dutsen kusa da kasa, ya kuma maimaita rawar.
A lokuta da dama, Baza wacce aka suturta tana yin bango kafin ta fara zuriya. Tsuntsu mai cin nama wanda yake tashi a cikin wata hanya kai tsaye yana iya jujjuya bayansa ya koma kan matsayin da ya gabata. Duk waɗannan ayyukan suna tare da kukan kururuwar.
A gida ne mai haske haske tsarin na twigs da bushe rassan, yi liyi tare da kore ganye a ciki.
Girman farjin gida yakai inci goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha biyar a diamita da inci takwas a cikin zurfi, tare da tire inci shida a ƙasan kuma inci biyu zurfi. Tana zaune a kan wata itaciya babba a tsayin mita 6 - 35 sama da ƙasa, sau da yawa akan dogo mai tsayi daban daban. Sau da yawa nau'ikan tsuntsaye suna shirya gida kusa da hanya ko kusa da ƙauyen.
Mace lays biyu - uku, da wuya sosai qwai hudu. Yawancin lokaci tana zaune a hankali a kan ƙwai, amma yakan zama m lokacin da masu farauta suka bayyana. Namiji yana taimakawa matsi. Lokacin shiryawa ya kasance kwanaki 29, kuma lokacin farantar gaba daya shine kwanaki 32-35. Duk tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kajin, tsuntsu daya ya rage a cikin gida, na biyun kuma ya kawo abinci.
Shafaffun Hawk a cikin Filin jirgin sama
Matsayi na kiyayewar shaho
Shahararren shaho yana da kewayon rarrabawa, sabili da haka bai kusanci babbar mahimmaci ga 'yan ƙabilar masu rauni ba gwargwadon babban ka'idodi. Amma akwai wasu barazanar waɗanda a halin yanzu ke haifar da damuwa. Musamman na rashin kyau shine tasirin gurɓatun mahaɗan gubar a cikin biranen da ke birni sosai da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari a cikin sarrafa amfanin gona na tsire-tsire masu ciyawar.
Rarraba wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ganima a tsibiran da kuma ƙarshen Australia, gami da rarrabuwar dazuzzuka, ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar wuraren da suka dace da mazaunin gandun dajin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Ra'ayin shine ba damuwa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Hawk - bayanin, halayyar mutum. Menene hajiya tayi kama?
Amma game da shahararrun masu farauta, girman shaho yana da ƙananan kaɗan - mafi girma daga shaho - goshawk yana da nauyin kilogram 1.5, tsawon fuka-fukan bai wuce 30 cm ba kuma ya kai girman har zuwa 68 cm a tsawon sa. A matsakaici, tsawon reshe na shaho bai wuce 26 cm ba, nauyin shaho shine 120 g, tsayin jikin mutum shine 30 cm.
A kan shuwagabannin shaho akwai kullun zubewa. Gashin sa na fata shine gajeru, mai lanƙwasa, mai ƙarfi, misalin tsuntsayen ganima. A gindin beak akwai mai dahuwa, wanda yake shi ne kalar fata wanda bakinsa yake kan kafa.
Idanun hajiya yawanci launin rawaya ne ko lemo-orange. Ba asirin bane cewa hawks suna da irin wannan hangen nesan, wanda ya ninka kusan sau 8 fiye da idanunmu na mutane. Idanun wannan tsuntsu suna jujjuyawa gaba kadan, saboda haka shaho suna amfani da hangen nesa na binocular, zasu iya gani abu da idanuwan duka. Hawayen haɓaka ba su ƙanƙantar da ji don sauraro, amma fara'a ba ta hanya mai ƙarfi ba.
Launin hauka yawanci launin toka ne, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa a saman, daga ƙasa kuma jikinsu haske ne: baƙi, launin shuɗi, mara nauyi, amma tare da ratsi mai duhu. Kodayake akwai nau'in shaho, irin su shaho mai haske, tare da launuka masu haske. Hakanan yana faruwa cewa shahararru iri iri ɗaya ana iya canza launin daban.
Kafafu masu sharar fata suna da launin shuɗi a launi, ƙafafun kansu suna da iko sosai, tare da manyan kaho waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin shaho yayin farauta.
Fuka-fukan shaho an gajarta da gajiya, dukda cewa jinsin dake zaune a yankuna dazuzzuka (mahaukacin waka, alal misali) suna da fuka-fuki babba. An yi bayanin tsarin fuka-fukan su da yanayin yanayin da hawuna ke rayuwa. Kuma tunda suna zaune a cikin gandun daji, an shirya komai don su sami kyakkyawar rawar motsawa, shaho na iya tashi cikin iska mai zurfi, saurin juyawa, duka a kwance da a tsaye, suna kashewa da sauri kamar yadda sauri, yin sauri jefa. Godiya ga irin wannan kwarewar, shaho kodayaushe suna kai hari kan abin da suke nema. Tsuntsu na shaho shine yakai cm 5.
Hawks suna da ikon yin sautin ki-ki, wataƙila suna hidimar tattaunawa ce a tsakanin su. Daga cikinsu akwai kuma shahararrun mawaƙa, waɗanda sautikansu ke da kyau sosai, suna kama da sautin sarewa.
Inda shaho ke zaune
Gidajen su yana da faɗi sosai, kusan shine Eurasia gaba ɗaya. Ana samun su a Afirka, Australiya, da kuma duka Amerika. Suna son yin zama a cikin dazuzzuka, kodayake ba sa hawa hawa mai zurfi cikin gandun daji, suna fifita wuraren shakatawa, gefunan daji. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, shaho yana haifar da yanayin zaman talauci, ban da waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna na arewacin, tare da farawa mai tsananin sanyi, shaho a can suna ƙaura zuwa kudu.
Me shaho ke ci?
Kamar yadda muka rubuta a sama, dabbobi masu sharar tsuntsaye, tushen abincinsu shine ƙananan tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, kwaɗi, macizai, zasu iya kai farmaki har ma ku ci manyan kwari. Amma abincin da suka fi so shi ne ƙananan tsuntsayen feathery: tsuntsaye, fuloti, finks, sarakuna, tarko, tsuntsaye. Wasu lokuta shaho na iya kai hari ga manyan katako, pheasants, pigeons, ravens, parrots har ma da karnukan gida. Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka fada wa shaho domin cin abincin rana, akwai beraye, beraye, filayen filaye, kuzari, zomaye, hares. Amma shaho Jafananci pereyaznik wani lokacin farautar jemagu.
Yayin farauta, mahaukata sun fara lura da abin da suka farauto, sai kwatsam kuma suka yi karo da sauri. A lokaci guda, shaho na iya ɗaukar abin da ke zaune da kuma abin da ke tashi. Ya kama shi da ƙarfi, ya huda shi da ƙarfi, yayin da ya soka shi da yatsansa masu kaifi. Bayan haka, ya ci wanda aka zalunta.
Amma menene ƙananan shaho ke ci? Wadannan matasa masu tsinkaye suna cin tsutsotsi, kwari da sauro a matsayin magani.
Mene ne banbanci tsakanin shaho da fatalwa?
Yawancin lokaci shaho sun rikice tare da wasu tsuntsaye na ganima - falno, bari muyi ƙoƙarin bayyana bambance-bambance a tsakaninsu.
- Na farko, falno sune wani nau'in halittar dabbobi daban-daban - dangin falcon, yayin da shaho suke cikin dangin shaho.
- Falmo ya fi girma shaho.
- Fuka-fukan falke suna da kaifi kuma sun fi tsayi (fiye da cm 30 a tsayi), yayin da shaho ke da gajeru (ƙasa da cm 30 ba tsayi), kuma suna annashuwa.
- Idanuwan faljam yawanci duhu ne; a cikin shaho, galibi suna rawaya ko shuɗi.
- Wutsiyar falno tayi gajarta, yayin da shaho ke da dogon wutsiya.
- Abubuwan falsafan suna da haƙoran haƙoron baki, shaho ba su da.
- Hawks da falmo suna farauta ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma sakamakon hakan suna rayuwa a yankuna daban daban. 'Yan tawaye sun fi son wuraren buɗe ido, suna kai farmaki ganima daga tsayi mai girma, da babban ƙarfi.
- Game da kajin, kibiyoyi suna da mummunar al'adar kama waɗansu mazaunan, yayin da shaho ke yin haka da wuya, amma suna gina nasu mazaunan sosai.
Menene banbanci tsakanin shaho da ɗan akuya?
Hakanan shaho sun rikice tare da kwari, a ƙasa za mu ba da babban bambance-bambancen tsakanin waɗannan tsuntsayen.
- Kite yana da gajere kuma yana da rauni a hankali idan aka kwatanta da shaho.
- Wutsiyar juƙin tare da babbar daraja, an zagaye ta a shaho.
- Gashin cinko ya fi tsawo da ƙarfi fiye da na shaho.
- Amma fuka-fuki na kwari, ya yi akasin haka, ya fi tsayi.
- Kuta ba irin wannan maharbin farauta bane irin na shaho, yawanci abincin da yake ci shine, datti, wani lokacin ma yana iya satar abinci daga wasu tsuntsayen da suka farauto. Ba za ku iya faɗi game da shaho ba, kyakkyawan maharbi ne kuma mai fasaha.
Gashinan shaho
Gashinan shaho | |||||
Namiji manya | |||||
Tsarin kimiyya | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Subfamily: | Hawks |
Duba: | Gashinan shaho |
Accipiter trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824)
: Hoton da ba daidai ba ko ɓace
Gashinan shaho - (lat. Accipiter trivirgatus ) Wani tsuntsu ne mai cin nama daga dangin shaho, wanda ke yaduwa a Asiya.
Karancin Freepik lasisin
A matsayin mai amfani da Premium, kuna da damar yin lasisin kasuwanci don wannan kayan aikin. Karin bayani
Lasisinmu yana ba ku damar amfani da abun ciki:
- Don kasuwanci da ayyukan sirri
- A dijital ko buga kafofin watsa labarai
- Za a iya amfani mara iyaka adadin lokuta kan lokaci
- A ko ina a duniya
- Can canji, ko ƙirƙirar aiki dangane da wannan abun cikin
Goshawk
Wannan wakilin dangin shayarwa shine mafi girma a cikinsu, nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 1.5, tsayin jikinsa ya kai santimita 52-68. Haka kuma, mace sun fi maza girma. Hakanan, saboda girmanta, ana kiran wannan nau'in babban shaho. Fuka-fukan jikinta a gajera ne, a hankali suke. Saman fentin launin ruwan kasa, fari fari. Yana zaune a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka, wanda aka samo a Afirka, amma a Maroko kawai.
Habitat da rarrabawa
Cutar da aka fi sani da ruwan sanyi ta zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Asiya, watau a Indiya, Sri Lanka, Kudancin China, Indonesia da Philippines. Wannan tsuntsu yana zaune a ƙananan kwari, yana fifita wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi.
Wannan tsuntsu dajin da yake sirrin ya nufa a kan kananan tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe a yankin dazuka, ya dogara da abin mamaki. Shahara mai shayarwa tana gina gida akan bishiyoyi kuma yana sanya ƙwai biyu ko uku.
Goshawk na Afirka
Hardy tsuntsu mai ƙarfi paws da kaifi claws. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 36-39 cm, nauyi ya kai 500 g .. launuka sun fi duhu. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, goshawk na Afirka yana zaune ne a arewaci, gabas da yamma na Afirka.
Sparrowhawk
Shi ɗan ƙaramin shaho ne - ƙaramin wakilci ne kan masarautar shaho. Tsawon jikinsa ba kawai 30-43 cm ba ne, kuma nauyin ba ya wuce 280 g .. launinsa suna kama ne da shaho. Gidajen karamar ciyawa kusan kusan Turai ne, da kuma yankuna na arewacin Afirka.
Haske
Ya sami sunan ta saboda launi - haske mai haske. Kodayake likitocin dabbobi sun bambanta nau'i biyu na wannan nau'in shaho: launin toka da fari, kuma, ya danganta da launi. Unguwanni masu haske suna rayuwa musamman a Australia.
Tuvik Turai
Shi ɗan fari ne. Wani karamin wakilin gidan shaho, yana da tsawon tsayin 30-38 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai 220 g. Kafafuwan wannan shaho gajere ne, saboda haka sunan na biyu. Yana zaune a kudancin Turai, ciki har da a kudancin ƙasarmu ta Ukraine, da kuma a cikin Crimea na Ukraine. Wannan nau'in shararrun dabbobi shine yanayin zafi kuma, tare da farkon lokacin sanyi, yana zuwa hunturu zuwa kudu - zuwa arewacin Afirka, Asiya ,arami, Iran.
Red shaho
Hakanan babban wakili na dangin shaho, tsawon sa ya kai 60 cm, kuma duk kilogiram 1-1.4. Umarfin jikinta ja da launin toka dabam dabam.Jajayen kaya suna rayuwa ta musamman a Ostiraliya, suna son parrots (azaman abinci, ba shakka) da sauran ƙananan dabbobi masu fashin dabbobi.
Hawk kiwo
Hawks su ne tsuntsayen iyali waɗanda suke son gina ingantaccen gida domin zuriyarsu. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun fara gina shukan watanni 1.5-2 kafin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, a cikin gandun daji ko daji. An gina ciyayi, a matsayin mai mulki, daga sandunan bushe.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: shaho suna da yawa da yawa kuma suna haifar da ma'aurata don rayuwa, kamar swans. Sun sa ƙwaiyensu sau ɗaya a shekara kuma suna yin hakan na kwanaki da yawa. A cikin kama akwai na iya zama daga 2 zuwa 6 qwai. Mace na ƙyamar su, kuma namiji a wannan lokacin, kamar yadda yake da mai samu, yakan kawo abinci.
Bayan kajin yaran, dan ya ci gaba da kawo abinci har tsawon makwanni biyu, amma mahaifiyarsu tana ciyar da kananan shayar. Bayan wani lokaci, mace ma ta fara tashi don farauta, amma har tsawon wasu watanni 1-2, iyayen shaho sun ci gaba da kula da zuriyarsu. Bayan balaga da samun independentancin kai, hawan shaho za su tashi daga mazaunin iyayensu har abada.
Yadda ake ciyar da shayarwa a gida
Rike shayarwa abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa, amma idan kuna da wakilin wannan dangin da aka zana a zaman bauta, to ku sani cewa yakamata a ciyar da shaye-shayen abincinsu na halitta - ya fi kyau idan sun kasance sandunan da aka siya a wani shago na musamman. Tabbas zaka iya ciyar da naman da aka sayo a cikin shagon, amma irin wannan abincin ba zai samar da shayarwa ba duk irin abincin da yake buƙata. Hakanan a tuna cewa a cikin bauta waɗannan tsuntsayen suna fuskantar matsananciyar damuwa kuma yana yiwuwa a farkon shawosha dole ne a ciyar da su koda da ƙarfi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da shaho
- A wasu wuraren, kananan hummingbirds suna zama a ƙarƙashin nunann shaho. Gaskiyar magana ita ce cewa hummingbirds baya wakiltar sha'awar jinya, amma abokan gabansu na yau da kullun: jays da squirrels, akasin haka, wakilai ne sosai. Don haka, hummingbirds tare da taimakon shaho suna kare kansu daga dutsen.
- Dangantaka tsakanin iyayen da ci gaba da kajin tana karewa gaba daya idan balagagge ya kusanci gidan iyayen daga tsohuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, iyayen sa sun kore shi kamar baƙon.
- Tsoffin Helenawa da Masarawa sun girmama hazo a matsayin dabba mai tsabta, kuma ana daukar kisan sa a matsayin laifi.
- Tun zamanin da, mutane sun koyi amfani da shaye shaye don farauta kwalliya da pheasants.