Dutse duck mallakar dangin duck ne, yana samar da halittar halittar halittar da yake da nau'in halitta guda daya. Yankunan da ke zaune a yankin sun hada da yankuna na arewa maso gabas na Siberiya daga Baikal da Lena zuwa Yankin Arctic da Gabas ta Tsakiya, Iceland ta Arewa, Iceland, da Greenland. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna ƙaura zuwa gaɓar Tekun Atlantika da Pacific. Rarrabe rukuni na tsuntsaye ana samun su a Yammacin Turai. A Iceland da Kudancin Greenland, wani ɓangare na ducks duwatsun yana jagorantar rayuwa mai tsayi. A lokacin farauta, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaɓar manyan wurare da gida kusa da rafuffuka. A cikin hunturu, suna matsa zuwa gaɓar dutse na tekun bahar, inda ake ajiye su cikin fakitoci.
Bayyanar
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 36-51 cm. Mass shine 450-680 g .. Maza suna da duhu cikin duhu tare da kirji. Akwai farin tabo a kai kusa da idanu. Wani baƙar fata mai ratsa jiki tare da ɗamara kirji a tarnaƙi yana gudana tare da saman kai. Neckaƙwalwa yana da baki, a cikin ƙananan ɓangarensa akwai farar fata a cikin hanyar abin wuya. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce, mai tsawo da kaifi. Lissafin launin shuɗi-shudi ne, mai launi mai launin shuɗi. A cikin mata, abin da aka dasa shine launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa. Akwai farin fari 3 a kai. Akwai farin tabo zagaye a bayan kowace ido. Gabaɗaya, mace ba ta da launi mara kyau fiye da maza.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Kamenushki ya tashi zuwa wuraren girke dabbobin daji a cikin ƙarshen Mayu, farkon Yuni riga a cikin nau'i-nau'i. An shirya filayen a ƙasa kusa da rafuffukan dutse tare da saurin gudana a ƙarƙashin willows, junipers, dwarf birches, a cikin wadatattun ƙasashe. Nisa kusa da ruwa ba ta wuce mita 1 ba. Babu rufi a cikin sheƙ. Akwai 'ɗan ƙarami kaɗan. A cikin kama, akwai daga 3 zuwa 8 hauren hauren giwa.
Lokacin shiryawa yana tsawon kwanaki 28-30. Bayan kajin kaye, macen ta kai su ga ruwa. Ducklings suna tsaye a kan reshe a watan biyu na rayuwa. A watan Satumba, tsuntsaye suna barin wuraren rayuwarsu. Balaga yana faruwa a shekara ta 2 na rayuwa. maza suna samun cikakkiyar rigunan aure a shekara ta 3 na rayuwa. A cikin daji, duck duck yana rayuwa daga shekaru 12 zuwa 14.
Halayya da Abinci
Drakes suna barin wuraren zamansu a ƙarshen watan Yuni. Suna jiran farauta, sukan shiga garken tumaki cikin teku. Shedding daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Matan sun yi ta motsi bayan broods ɗin sun zama fikafikai. Na biyu molt, wanda maza suka sayi kayan dako, suna faruwa a wuraren hunturu. A lokaci guda, matasa suna molt. Kuma molt na gaba suna faruwa a lokacin rani. A shekara ta 2 ta rayuwa a kaka, matasa suka yi kwale-kwale na neman girki kusa da wani mutum, kuma cikakkiyar balagaggu na karɓar girbi a cikin kaka a farkon shekara ta 3.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna narkewa sosai. Abubuwan da suke amfani da su yana da laushi kuma suna da yawa, don haka abubuwa da yawa na tara iska a ciki. Zai taimaka wajen zama cikin dumin ruwan sanyi kuma yana inganta buoyancy: tsuntsaye bayan sun tsallake daga ruwa, kamar kwalaye. Abincin ya ƙunshi mollusks, crustaceans, kwari, ƙananan kifi. Cksanan duwatsun dutse suna tashi daga saman ruwa cikin sauƙi da sauri. Suna yin ihu mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Indan asalin Northan Arewa ba sa taɓa waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen, tunda sun yi imanin cewa rayukan yaran ne da suka nitse cikin ruwa. Yawancin wannan nau'in ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Yana cikin haɗari.
Habitat da abinci mai gina jiki
Ana samun babban dutse a cikin Arewa-Gabas Siberiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewa maso Yammacin Amurka, Greenland, Iceland kuma yana zaune a tsaunuka, galibi koguna na yankin kankara. A mafi yawancin kewayon, ɗan ƙaramin dutse tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura. Tana yin ruwan sanyi a gabar da ke gabar tekun Pasifik da Atlantika, kudu da wuraren da ake farauta, a lokacin hunturu ta tsaya a tekun a bakin ruwaye. Kamenushki nutse har abada, ba ma jin tsoron mahaukatar. Haka kuma, ana ganin wadannan duwatsun sau da yawa daidai a yankin gabar teku, inda suke yawan neman abinci. A lokaci guda, tsuntsayen suna iyo kusa da juna wanda jikinsu ya taɓa. A kan ruwa, duwatsun suna zaune tsayi, suna ɗaga wutsiyarsu, kuma idan ya cancanta, zazzage cikin sauri da sauƙi.
Suna ciyar da crustaceans, mollusks, ragowar ƙananan kifi, echinoderms, kwari da larvae (ƙwararrun caddis, kwari mai kwari, kwari da kwari). Yana samun abinci ta ruwa bayan shi.
Shan
Balaga ta jima'i a cikin duwatsun yana faruwa ne a farkon shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa (bayan lokacin hunturu biyu), kuma cikakkiyar matattarar kayan kwalliyar kwalliya don kawai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Shekarar farko da tsuntsaye sukeyi a makarantun bakin teku. Sukan tashi zuwa wuraren farauta, sun riga sun kashi biyu. A kan Anadyr, suna haɗuwa da nau'i-nau'i a cikin farkon farkon lokacin da suka isa (Yuni 5-6), kodayake yana da wasu mata yana riƙe maza biyu. Yankunan da ke gudana a yanzu suna iyo da ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaya, tare da fikafikan ɗan ƙarami kuma an saukar da su. Suna riƙe da kawunansu baya a bayansu da gemunsu a buɗe, sannan cikin tsananin damuwa suka jefa shi gaba, suna mai da ƙarfi kamar "gi-ek." Mata suna ɗaukar kusan sautin iri na "gi-ak."
Nesting da kiwo
Gida Kamenushki a cikin farkon rafukan tuddai tare da raƙuman ruwa mai sauri, tsararrun bankunan da ke cikin dutse, a cikin Kamchatka, har zuwa 400-500 m. a. m. A Siberiya, a sassan kudancin iyakar, masonry yana farawa a farkon farkon Yuni. Ilimin halittar farauta a Rasha kusan ba a sani ba. A cikin Iceland, nests suna ƙarƙashin tarkacen birches, willows da junipers, ko a cikin bankunan banki a ƙarƙashin ciyawa mai yawan gaske, galibi ƙasa da 1 m daga rafin ambaliyar. Suna da kusan babu ruwansu, sai da ɗan ƙarami. A cikin nahiyar ta Amurka, ana gina duwatsu a kusa da ruwa kusa, a cikin ƙasa mara daidai, sau da yawa tsakanin duwatsu ko ƙarƙashin murfin ciyawa. A cikin masonry na duwatsu, akwai daga 3 zuwa 8 qwai. Abin sha'awa shine, wannan karamin duck yana ɗaukar qwai waɗanda suke daidai da girman su zuwa kaji. Hankalin yanayi abu ne mai sauki: ya fi girma ƙwan, ƙwaya mafi girma za su ƙyanƙyashe daga gare ta, sabili da haka, zai yi sauri, wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin yanayin gajeren Siberian rani. Mace suna sanya ƙwai don kwanaki 27-29, yayin da maza a wannan lokacin suna kare yankin, amma a nan gaba ba sa shiga cikin kulawar zuriya. Da zaran kajin sun yi birgima kuma suka bushe, sai mace ta kai su ga kogin. Kajin suna samun ikon tashi sama da shekaru 5-6 makonni, kuma a watan Satumba duwatsun suna barin wuraren da suke zaune.
A ƙarshen watan Yuni, manya-manyan kwastan sun ɓace daga wuraren farauta kuma suka bayyana a kan teku, inda suke taru a garken, wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa da garken tsuntsaye na shekaru. A ƙarshen Yuli kuma a watan Agusta sun molt. Matan manya sun fara molt da yawa daga baya, kawai sai lokacin tashin kananan tsuntsayen kan reshe. Sadaukarwa a cikin kayan bikin aure yana farawa ne daga magadan da ya gabata kuma yakan faru ne a wuraren da suke lokacin hunturu. Yara tsuntsaye kuma suna yin molt a lokaci guda. Molt na gaba yana faruwa a cikin adadinsu a lokaci guda kamar yadda a cikin manya mutane. A cikin kaka na shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, matasa kwalliya suna saka sutura wanda ya kusan kusanto da wani, amma suna karɓar ƙarshe kawai a kaka na shekara ta uku.
Kifi na kamun kifi
Na mahimmancin tattalin arziki kamar tsuntsu na kasuwanci, yana da wurare kawai: a cikin Kolyma na sama, inda duwatsun sune mafi yawan jinsunan daskararrun ruwa, kusa da Okhotsk, inda tsuntsaye suke hawa kusa da gabar tekun, da kuma tsibirin Komandorsky, inda suke aiki a matsayin babban taimako ga ciyarwa a cikin hunturu, lokacin da sauran tsuntsayen suke. kusa da tsibirin akwai 'yan kaɗan.
Alamomin waje na dutse
Tumbin yana da matukar launi, tare da launuka da yawa. Jikin namiji shuɗi ne mai ruwan shuɗi, tare da fararen fata da baƙaƙe. Fuka gashin a kai da wuya bera ne baki. Abubuwan farin suna zaune cikin hanci, buɗewar kunne da kuma a baya na wuya. Wasu kananan farar fata guda biyu ana zaune a bayan idanu. A tarnaƙi na kai, a ƙasa da farin aibobi, akwai yalwatattun launuka masu launin shuɗi. Wani farin abun wuya mai santsi ba ya kewaye da wuya. Wani farin layin tare da baki iyakar yana gudana tare da kirji. Babban wutsiya da baya baki ne. Yankunan suna launin ruwan kasa.
Duwatsu (Histrionicus histrionicus)
Akwai karamin fari mai jujjuyawar ra'ayi a kan reshen reshe. Partashin ƙananan fuka-fuki yana launin ruwan kasa. Gashin fuka-fukan a kan kafadu fari fari. Wingaƙukan fuka-fuki suna da launin toka-baƙi. Mirror baki da shuɗi tare da kyalkyali. Sanda mai launin toka-shuɗi. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce-baƙi. Gefen yana da launin ruwan kasa - zaki, yana da kambori mai haske. Paws launin toka - inuwa mai launin shuɗi tare da baƙi mai baƙi. Brown launin ruwan kasa. Drake a lokacin rani plumage bayan molting an rufe shi da plumage na sautin launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa.
Matar da ke launinta na launi na shuɗewa sun bambanta sosai da namiji.
Murfin fuka-fukin gashin dutsen yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi a launi tare da turen zaitun. Akwai alamu uku da fararen fari a gefan kai. Tarshen jiki ya yi fari tare da ɗan haske mara nauyi. Wings launin baki-kasa-kasa, wutsiya iri ɗaya ce. Beak da kafafu suna da launin toka-launin toka-toka. Stonesaƙƙarfan dutse suna kama da matan da suka girma a cikin kaka, amma launi na ƙarshe ya bayyana a shekara ta biyu bayan molts da yawa.
Matar da ke launinta na launi na shuɗewa sun bambanta sosai da namiji.
Yada duwatsun
Dutse yana da kewayon Holarctic, wanda aka katse a wurare. Ya fadada zuwa arewa maso gabas na Siberiya, mazaunin ya haɗu har zuwa Kogin Lena da tafkin Baikal. A arewa, ana samun ɗan dutse kusa da Arctic Circle, a kudu ya isa Primorye. An samo shi kusa da Kamchatka da Islands Islands. Na dabam nests kan game. Askold a cikin Tekun Japan. Rarraba a kan nahiyar ta Amurka a gefen arewacin tekun na tekun Pasifik, ta kama yankin Cordillera da Dutsen Rocky. Livesarin rayuwa a arewa maso gabas na Labrador, gefen tekun Iceland da Greenland.
Kamenushki suna zaune a wuraren da yawancike akwai igiyoyin ruwa na guguwa.
Siffofin halayen duwatsun
Kamenushki - tsuntsayen da ke yawo, masu molt da hunturu a wurare na gargajiya cikin rukuni, ban da lokacin farauta, lokacin da tsuntsaye suke rayuwa nau'i-nau'i. Suna dawwama matuƙar yanayi mai wahala. Duwatsun sun sami damar yin iyo a ƙarshen tudun, hau dutsen da kuma m dutse. A lokaci guda, tsuntsayen da yawa suna mutuwa a sassan igiyar ruwa, inda raƙuman ruwa ke jefa gawawwakin duwatsu na gabar teku.
Kamenushki - garken tsuntsaye
Jinyar da duwatsun
Kamenushki suna shirya mazaunin su na musamman a yankuna na arewacin. A lokacin rani, ducks suna zaune a tafkuna da koguna. An riga an samar da nau'i-nau'i nau'i a cikin wuraren farauta. Nan da nan bayan isowar, maza biyu suke kula da wasu mata. A cikin lokacin matsi, turawa suna shirya yanayi, yayin da suke tura ƙirjinsu gaba, suka watsu suka jefa kawunansu baya, sannan kuma a hankali suka jefa su gaba, suna fitar da babbar “gi-ek”. Mata suna amsa kira daga drakes da sauti iri ɗaya. Kamenushki ya gina gida a saman kogunan tare da saurin gudana akan rijiyoyin, bankunan dutse, tsakanin duwatsu, cikin ciyawar ciyawa mai yawa.
A Iceland, duwatsun furanni suna zaɓan wuraren da ke da willows, birches, da juniper kusa da na yanzu. A nahiyar ta Amurka, tsuntsaye suka fara shiga cikin farauta, a tsakanin duwatsu. Rufin yana daɗaɗɗun fata, ƙasan yana rufe daffukan tsuntsu.
Kamenushki suna shirya mazaunin su na musamman a yankuna na arewacin.
Mace ta sanya ƙwai uku, masu launi takwas masu launi-cream. Girman ƙwai yana daidai da ƙwai na kaza. Babban ƙwai yana da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki kuma karen ya bayyana babba, don haka yana sarrafa girma yayin ɗan gajeren lokacin bazara. Yin kiyayya yana wuce kwanaki 27-30. Ana kiyaye namiji a nan kusa, amma bai damu da zuriyarsa ba. Kawunnan suna kusa da nau'ikan duwatsun-daji kuma, bayan sun bushe, sai a bi dutsen zuwa kogin. Ducklings daidai nutsar da su sami abinci kusa da bakin tekun. Matasa masu dutse suna yin tsalle-tsalle na farko lokacin da suka cika makonni 5-6.
Adult drakes a karshen watan Yuni bar wuraren hutu da kafa garken da ke ba da abinci a bakin tekun. Wani lokacin ana ƙara musu duwatsu, waɗanda shekarunsu ba su cika shekara ɗaya ba. Zubar da jini yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuli da farkon watan Agusta. Mata suna molt da yawa a lokacin da suka ciyar da zuriya. Taro na tsuntsaye yana faruwa ne a damina a lokacin filaye. Stonesanan duwatsun suna haihuwar shekaru 2 zuwa 3, amma galibi idan sun cika shekaru 4-5. Haduwarsu na faruwa ne a lokacin bazara a wuraren hunturu.
A watan Satumba, tsuntsaye suka yi ƙaura
Matsayin kiyayewar dutsen
An ayyana Kamenushka a cikin lardunan gabashin Kanada a matsayin jinsin barazana. An gano dalilai uku waɗanda zasu iya bayanin raguwar lambobi: gurɓataccen ruwa tare da samfuran mai, lalata sannu-sannu na wuraren zama da wuraren wuraren farauta, farauta mai wuce gona da iri, saboda dutse yana jan hankalin masu fastoci da launi mai haske na rudewa.
Kamenushki na zaune a bakin gawarwakin ruwa.
Saboda waɗannan dalilai, ana kiyaye kariyar da ke cikin Kanada. A waje na Kanada, yawan tsuntsayen sun tabbata ko ma dan ƙara ƙaruwa, duk da ƙarancin kiwo. Wannan kwanciyar hankali a lambobi ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan nau'in ducks yana zaune a wurare da ke nesa da mazaunan mutane.
Biyan kuɗi na duwatsu
Akwai rabe biyu na duwatsu:
- tallafin N. h. histrionicus ya wuce zuwa Labrador, Iceland, Greenland.
- H. pacificus ana samunsa a arewa maso gabas Siberiya da yamma na yammacin Amurka.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Kamenushki suna da mahimmanci na kasuwanci kawai a wurare, ana harbe tsuntsaye a cikin Kolyma na sama, inda wannan nau'in ya fi yawa a tsakanin ducks ruwa. An kusa kama tsuntsayen tsuntsayen Okhotsk a bakin teku. A tsibirin Kwamandan, wannan shine babban kamun kifi a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da wasu nau'ikan duck suka bar tsibiran marasa ƙarfi.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Kamenushka
Kamenushka - Anseriformes oda, Duck dangi
Dutsen (Tarihin tarihi). Habitats - Asiya, Amurka, Turai Tsawon 65 cm nauyi 750 g
Kamenushka tsuntsu ce mai saurin faruwa. Sunan ta ne saboda mazauninsu - wannan duck ya fi son ya zauna a bakin kogunan tuddai, kuma yana ciyar da hunturu a kan tsaunukan mara zurfi na Atlantika da Pacific. A lokacin tarawar, drake, ya zana sauran lokacin da ya isa sosai, ya sami kayan kwalliya mai ban mamaki.
Duck yana iyo da kyau, yana iya saukar da ruwa cikin hikima, yana iya ciyar da ko da a cikin tsaka mai wuya, wanda kawai zai jefa kowane tsuntsu a bakin. Tsuntsu yana cin abincin dabbobi, ganima ya zama kwari da larvae, ƙananan amphibians, mollusks, da crustaceans. Mafi yawa daga cikin tsuntsayensu yana samun daga tushe daga wuraren rami. Ta na rayuwa ba zurfi, amma a karkashin ruwa na iya zama tsawon lokaci. A cikin gungu, indan asalin ofan Arewa suna farauta akan dutse.