Badgers suna da daskararru, jiki mai yawa da jikin squat. Jikinta a takaice yake da kauri. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai alamar 60-90 cm, wutsiya - 20-24 cm. Matsayin dabba na dabba ya kai kilo 22, kafin farashi, a lokacin kaka, ya yi girma har zuwa kilogiram 34. Hannun ƙafafuna kanana ne masu ƙarfi, sanye take da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, dantse, dan kadan sun lanƙwasa ƙananan kafafu, ƙafafu ba su da ƙarfi. Shugaban maharbi bashi da mahimmanci tare da kunkuntar da tsawo, kunnuwa da idanun su ma ba manya bane, wutsiya karama ce kuma shaggy. Mayafinsa yana walƙiya, murfin yana da wuya. Hannun gashi mai tsauri ne, ke da tsawo, amma baƙaƙe, ana fentin su a cikin launin launin toka-launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da launi na azurfa, ciki yana da launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa, ƙyallen da ƙuƙwalwa suna da gawayi, shugaban yana da haske, resinous duhu resinous sun yi birgima zuwa ga ɓangarorin kai daga ƙarshen murabba'in zuwa kunnuwa. A muck da gefuna na kunnuwan dusar ƙanƙara ne. A wuya ne low. Kafafun hular sun fi gaban girma, kusoshi gajere ne, wanda aka saba da shi don digo minks. Dabbobin suna gudana a cikin karamin trot, kadan walling daga gefe zuwa gefe da kwancen kafa. Waƙoƙi suna kama da waƙoƙin teddy bear.

Habitat

Yankin wurin zama ba shi da tabbas. Ba shi da wata damuwa ga mazauninsu, wanda aka samo ko'ina a duk yankin Turai (ban da arewacin Scandinavia), Rasha (ban da wuraren arewacin), Caucasus. Babban mahalli a sararin samaniya shine zai yiwu a samu damar sarrafa mayuka. Abin da ya sa dabbar ke zaune a cikin kowane yanki ba a iya faɗi ba, amma mazaunin da ta fi so shi ne yanke shawara da kuma cakuda gandun daji, inda adadi da yawa da ciyawa ke girma. A irin waɗannan wurare, yana ƙaunar tono ramuka a kan gangara mai cike da baƙin ciki, katako, gefunan daji, kogin da ya hau da kuma rafin lake. Dabba ba ya zama a cikin wurare tare da dogon lokacin ruɓi, a cikin hamada da busassun yankuna. Kasancewar Wuraren zama tsakanin radiyon mil daya shine zartar da doka don zama a cikin gidan badakalar.

Halaye

Miyagun suna jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, amma galibi ana iya ganinsu a cikin rana da dare - a yayin rana har zuwa 8, da yamma - bayan awanni 5-6. Gidajen daji suna kiyaye wuraren da suka fi so don tsararraki, garuruwan biyun suna da shekaru dubu da yawa. Sashi mai yawa na rayuwar dabbar ta tazara tsakanin mita 400-500 na mahalli na dindindin, wato, a wani yanki na kadada ɗari.

Motsawa galibi yana da nishaɗi kuma yana da wahala. Yana tafiya, yana sunkuyar da kansa ƙasa. Maharbi yana iyo yadda yakamata, amma a wasu lokutan yakan hau ruwa zuwa kanshi don farauta. Hankalinta ba shi da ƙarfi - kawai yana jin abubuwa masu motsawa, jinsa yana da kyau. Muryarsa tayi kama da karama, yana rawar jiki a cikin fushi, yana kururuwa yana huci lokacin kwalla ko kuma masu hari.

Leayan mutane ɗaya suna amfani da burrows marasa ma'ana, tare da ƙofar guda da ɗakin shaƙatawa. Biranen rage-rage na badakala suna da tsari mai ɗumbin yawa na ƙasa da yawa (har zuwa 40-50) ciki da buɗewar iska da manyan wurare waɗanda ke zuwa cikin manyan ɗakuna na 2-3 a dage farawa tare da zuriyar dabbobi mai bushe, waɗanda ke a zurfin 5 m.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, masu ɓoye suna tsaftace burushi, ana jefa zuriyar da ta daɗe a kan titi. Idan masu komai basu dame su ba, an gaji gado, kowane durƙushewa na gaba yana ba da gudummawa ga ginin gidan aiki mai wahala. Balaguron tsohuwar - yankin da ke ɗauke da babban burrow - ana iya kasancewa a kan shingen har zuwa kadada ɗaya. Idan yanayi ya ba da izini, dangin badgers suna da burrows 2-3, wanda aka maye gurbinsu ta hanyar rayuwa a kowane makonni 2-4. Yawancin lokaci maƙabartun da ke kewaye suna haɗuwa da motsawa, don haka ƙirƙirar birane mafi kyau. Mazauna suna sadarwa ba tare da rikici ba, suna ziyartar burushin maƙwabta. Ramin maraƙin koyaushe yana da isasshen isasshen abinci, gutsuren abinci wanda ba a gama aiki ba ya kwance, kamar yadda yake sau da yawa game da dawakai.

Cin nasara

Badger sune kawai wakilan Marten, ɓarkewar hunturu. A ƙarshen lokacin bazara, dabbar ta tara wadatar kitse na subcutaneous, wanda nauyinta ya girma kusan sau biyu. A lokacin da abin ya faru, an riga an share rami, ɗakin da ke zaune cike da rugar freshest, ana buɗe ƙofofin shiga tare da ƙasa da ganye. Idan don hunturu wasu dabbobin da yawa sun ta'allaka ne cikin jigon haɗin gwiwa, kowane dozes a cikin ɗakin gida daban.

Dabbobin sun daina bayyana a farfajiya bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta fari (a ƙarshen Oktoba - Nuwamba), cikin dumin ruwan sanyi suna ci gaba da kuzari har zuwa watan Janairu. A wa annan wuraren da babu lokacin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙanra, ba a cika yin ɓarnata ba, suna ɓoye cikin wani rami tsawon kwanaki a lokutan matsanancin yanayi. A cikin bazara, dabbobi suna farkawa da farkon tsananin dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya ƙare akan alamar ba komai.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Badger dabba ce ta kowa da kowa, menu nata ya haɗa da abincin dabbobi da iri. Daga abincin asalin dabba a cikin abincin sun hada da:

• linzamin kwamfuta-kamar rodents
• kwari, matafila,
• kwari daban
• bumblebees, wasps,
• kananan tsuntsaye
• yatsu
• dunƙun ƙasa
• katantanwa, matsosai,
• zakoki, macizai.

Daga kayan abinci, dabba tana fifita:

Muhimmancin berries yana ƙaruwa a ƙarshen bazara, a cikin bazara, lokacin da waɗannan samfuran ke zama jagora ga tarawar mai. Lokaci zuwa lokaci sukan ci oats, liyafa a kan hatsi mai daɗi. Yayin rana, dabbar tana shan nauyin kilogiram 0.5 kawai, a ƙarshen bazara tana cin abinci, tana cin komai da komai. Don wannan suna samun mai, suna ƙaruwa da nauyi daga kilogiram 4-5. Tare da shigowar yanayin sanyi, masu ɓarnata masu nauyi suna zama mafi m, m, da wuya su bar ramuka.

Kiwo

Lokacin kiwo ne na badgers ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Oktoba, amma ainihin ganiya yana farawa a watan Satumba. Wadannan dabbobin suna da auren mace daya. Bugun masu juna biyu yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, daga kwanaki 270 zuwa 450. Daga ɗayan zuwa yayyan an haife su, waɗanda tsawon makonni 5 suma suka zama makafi kuma suka dogara da mahaifansu da mahaifiyarsu. Sun fara ciyarwa bayan watanni 3, tsotse madara don watanni 4. Karnuka suna shirya ramuka na yara kafin 'yanmansu su bayyana, mace ta haife su tuni. Lokacin da 'ya'yan suka yi girma kuma ba sa bukatar rami mai ciyawa, ana maye gurbinsu da sababbi, suna cire zuriyar ciyawar ciyawa. Kafin farauta, a cikin kaka, brood ya bar rami, ya bar hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

Badger da mutum

A cikin aikin gona, jigon yana kawo abubuwa masu amfani da yawa, suna lalata masanan kwari - bugar Mayu, har da bear, rodents. Amma zauna tare da mutum, dabbar ba ta da kunya don ciyar da kai tsaye daga gonar. Badger an mined saboda fata da mai. Fata ya dace da kera nau'ikan furs masu rahusa, an shirya mayuwam iri daban-daban daga mai, wasu lokuta ana ɗaukarsu azaman hanyar magance raunuka. Naman dabbar ya dace da abinci, ana amfani da ulu don yin goge. An yi kayan sait da sauran samfurori daga fata mara kyau.

Dabbobi ba sa haɗarin gaggawa ga mutane. Amma suna fama da mummunar cuta - rabies. Saboda gaskiyar cewa bad ɗin na da ikon jure cututtukan, ana ci gaba da lalacewa mai ƙarfi. Domin kar a farautar baƙaƙen ɓarayi, ana yin allurar rigakafi a cikin ƙasashen Turai. Baya ga kawar da dabbar a matsayin mai kawo cututtukan, ana farauta ne a kan iyakar Rasha da Ukraine don amfani da kitsenta a cikin maganin gargajiya. Dangane da sakamakon irin wannan kisan na duniya, badakaren da ya sami kansa ya fuskanci matsalar warwatse, an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama.

Badger farauta

Ana yin farautar Badger ta hanyoyi da yawa. An nemi dabbar da karnukan karnuka. Yana da kyau ka ɗauki shebur tare da kai don tona rami. Badakaren babban kishiya ne na kare, saboda maharbi ya zama tilas ya taimaka mata da sauri ya jimre da dabbar. Farauta yana da ikon faruwa ba tare da karnuka ba. Hakanan zaka iya shirya dako a kan bishiya, kamar daga can zaka iya ganin mafita daga ramin. Yayin da duhu ya fara tafiya, dabba tayi hankali tayi birgima sama. A wannan lokacin, mafarauci dole ne ya kasance a tsaro, kuna buƙatar harbawa ba a waccan lokacin ba, amma tabbatar kawai cewa dabbar ta tafi nesa nesa ba kusa ba daga matsayinta.

Shekarun dabbobin da ke cikin daji shine shekaru 5-6. Masu dadewa mutane ne da suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 10-12. A cikin bauta, dabbobi suna da damar samun rayuwa mai yawa. Mutumin da ya daɗe yana ɗaukar rikodin tsakanin badgers mutum ne wanda ya rayu shekaru 16.

Hare

A badger, wakilin dangi na Kuniya, an san shi da yanayin da aka san shi sosai, yana da wahalar rikitar da ita da wata dabba. Amma ganin badaka ba aiki ba ne mai sauƙi. Kuma duk saboda dabba tana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mara kyau kuma sun fi so su ciyar da kullun hasken rana a cikin rami, kuma a cikin hunturu ba ɓarke ​​gabaɗaya! Ana kimanta yawan jama a yau a matsayin barga, kuma fa'ida da cutar da dabba ga mutane yana da matuƙar wahalar tantancewa.

Bayanin Badger

Tsawon maraƙin girma ya kai daga 60 zuwa 90 cm, tsawon wutsiyarsa shine 20-24 cm, nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 24, kuma kafin lokacin rashin walƙiya, ya ninka zuwa 34 kg. Jikin yana da girma, yana da kyau kamanninsa, wanda yayi kama da wata sifar da aka sa a gaba, tare da kunkuntar kunkuntar mara nauyi. A wuyan wuyan gajarta, kusan ba a ganuwa. Hakanan kuma wata gabar jiki takait ce, babba. Yatsun suna karewa da dogon zango mai kaifi, wadanda suka dace sosai da tono.

Jawo daga cikin badakaren yana da wuya. A baya da bangarorin suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da sheki na silvery, ƙasan farin ciki. An yi wa murabus din kwalliya mai ratsin wuya biyu mai buɗe baki daga hanci zuwa kunnuwa.

Siffar Gina Jiki

Badgers dabbobi ne masu yawan iko, amma abincin dabbobi shine kan gaba a tsarin abincinsu. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta, frogs, lizards, tsuntsaye da qwai, kwari da larvae, mollus, ciyawa, ƙari, ,an wasan badis suna cin namomin kaza, berries, kwayoyi da ciyawa. Lokacin farauta, jakar ta zagaya babban yanki mai kyau, jita-jita ta bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, yankan bishiyar bishiyoyi da tsutsotsi, waɗanda kwari da tsutsotsi suke ɓoye. Wani babban jaka yana kula da tattara kwayoyi 50 zuwa 70, ɗaruruwan kwari da tsutsotsi yayin farauta ɗaya. A ranar da yake buƙatar kusan 500 g na abinci, yana cin abinci kawai kafin rashin isasshen abinci, lokacin da ya ci abinci kuma yana tafiya akan mai, tushen abinci na gaba game da duk hunturu.

Subsarancin kuɗi na yau da kullun

Don badgers, ana rarrabe sau uku dangane da wuraren rarraba:

• Meles meles - ke rayuwa a Yammacin Turai,

• Meles mersiensis - mazaunin Spain da Fotigal,

• Meles meles leptorynchus - wanda aka samo a Rasha.

Halayyar Badger

Badakau sun gwammace gauraya da tabar wiwi don rayuwa, lokaci-lokaci gandun daji, a kudu su ma suna zaune a ƙasa ɓangaren hamada da jeji. Suna buƙatar bushewa, yankuna masu kyau waɗanda ke kusa da tafkuna ko marshy low inda zaka iya samun abinci mai yawa.

Mazaunan suna zaune a cikin shimfiɗar zurri na zurfafa zurfafa daga gare su a kan tsaunukan yashi, kwari da kwararar kwari a cikin gandun daji. Suna da alaƙa da ƙasa wacce suke rayuwa, kuma suna iya wuce mink ɗin su daga tsara zuwa tsara. Tsohuwar yarjejeniyar badger wani yanki ne mai rikitarwa mai zurfi mai zurfi mai zurfi tare da budewa 40-50 don shigarwa da samun iska, yana da dogo (5-10 m) tasoshin da ke haifar da manyan manyan dakuna 2-3. An sanya ƙarshen a ƙarƙashin kariyar yadudduka masu tsaftace ruwa, a zurfin kusan 5 m, saboda ruwan sama da ruwan ƙasa ba su shiga cikin su ba, kuma ana liƙe dasu da busassun bushewa. Leayan mutane guda ɗaya suna da kayan ƙyashi masu sauƙi waɗanda ke da mashigar ƙofar guda ɗaya da ɗakin sharar gida. Karnuka suna ba da tsari cikin burushi kuma suna tsaftace su, suna canza magaryar yau da kullun. Burxuna da karnukan karnukan rakoni za su iya mamaye burbushinsu.

Barsky yakan jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa, da safe ana iya lura dasu har zuwa ƙarfe 8 na yamma - daga 17-18. Wannan shi ne kawai jinsin tsakanin Marten da ke yin hibernates don hunturu. A arewaci, rashin lokacin hunturu a badgers yana farawa a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba kuma yana ƙare har zuwa Maris-Afrilu, a kudu na kewayon yanayin lokacin sanyi, dabbobin suna ci gaba da aiki a duk shekara.

Badgers ba mai tsaurin ra'ayi ba ne a kan magogi da mutane, galibi sukan ɓoye cikin ramuka, amma muguntar za ta bugi hancin ta kuma ciji mai laifin kafin ta gudu.

Abokan gaba na makiya

Kusanci ba su da abokan gaba. Barazanar a gare su ita ce kyarkeci, bebe da kuma kare, na gida da na daji. Tasirin mutane akan yawan wannan dabbar yana da tabbas kuma yana iya zama mai kyau ko mara kyau. Sakamakon ayyukan tattalin arziki, haɓaka abinci mai gina jiki da ƙirƙirar ramuka mara kyau na iya faruwa. Amma rarrabuwar sassan yanki ta hanyoyi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan mugayen sun mutu akan hanyoyin. Farautarsu da kuma lalata burgers ya cutar da yawan masu ba.

A cikin Littafin Lissafi na Internationalungiyar Kawancen Duniya don Ciyar da Halittu (IUCN), an jera lambar a matsayin jinsin da ke da barazanar ƙarewa. Wato, wannan nau'in yana da kusan gama gari, kuma yawan jama'arta sun tabbata.

Gaskiya ban sha'awa game da lamba:

• Badger yana da aiki sosai wajen sauya yanayi. Abubuwan da ke cikin hadadden tsarinta suna da tasirin gaske ga ƙasa, da kuma abubuwan da suke rayuwa a ciki. A cikin wuraren da akwai ramuka mara kyau, yawancin nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun fara girma, wanda ke ƙara mogeic biogeocenosis. Bugu da kari, ramuka na badgers sun zama mafaka ga dawakai, karnukan karnukan dabbobi da sauran nau'ikan dabbobin da suke tserewa daga yanayin, hadari da kuma dalilai na kiwo.
• Gersabila zasu iya jure wa cututtukan haɗari kamar su rabba, tarin fuka.
• Wuraren adana da mugayen ke kirkira a cikin filayen, lambuna da kuma karkashin gine-gine galibi yakan haifar da rikici tsakanin mutane da dabbobi.
• Amma game da amfani da badger ga mutane, invertebrates, kwari na gandun daji da aikin gona, alal misali, lardin na kwaro na Mayu, an haɗa su a cikin abincin ta. Girman fatunan ba su da ƙima, an yi amfani da ulu don samar da goge-goge da goge-goge, alal misali, don aske goge.
• Badger alama ce ta shahararren mashahuri. Don haka, an nuna dabbar a kan suturar makamai na mazaunin karkara na Meghreg a Jamhuriyar Karelia (toponym “myagra” yana nufin “badger”), da kuma suturar makamai na mazaunin karkara na Kuytezh na Jamhuriyar Karelia. Wani zane da ke kama alade aka nuna a jikin mayafin garin Shenkursk.
• Badger alama ce ta Hufflepuff baiwa a cikin litattafan J.K. Harry Potter Rowling.

Yaɗa. Ina tallan yake?

Gyare-gyaren gidan maraba yana da faɗi sosai. Ba ya ƙazantar da mazauninsu kuma ana samun shi ko'ina cikin Turai (ban da arewacin Scandinavia), Rasha (ban da yankuna na arewacin), da Caucasus.

Babban abin da ake buƙata don mazaunin maɓoyar shine ikon ba da kayan burgers. Sabili da haka, wani baƙuwar yana zaune a cikin kowane ƙasa mai ba da labari, amma wurin da ya fi so shi ne yanke shawara tare da gandun daji gauraye, inda ciyawa da ciyayi masu yawa suka girma. A can, gerariyar ta fi son ta tono ramuka a kan tsaunukan kwari na kwari da kwarara, gandun daji, tuddai, tuddai, manyan ramuka na koguna da tafkuna.

Badger ba ta zama a cikin yankunan da ke da yanayin sanyi ba, har ma a hamada da wuraren babu ruwa. Kasancewar Wuraren zama tsakanin radiyo na 1 km wata ka'ida ce ta mazaunin bukat.

Gidajen girke-girke na gida galibi suna ƙarƙashin keɓaɓɓen ruwa, don kare kai daga ambaliyar ruwan sama da ruwan karkashin ƙasa. Lokaci-lokaci, ana maye gurbin zuriyar dabbobi a cikin ɗakunan da ke da sabuwa. An shirya ɗakin bayan gida daban da babban rami, ba da nisa da shi. An kuma tsabtace sarari daga rami daga rami kuma ɓarke; ɗakin yana ɗauke da datti daga gidan.

Badarancin mara kyau suna wadatar da burrows mai sauƙi, tare da ɗakunan makoki guda ɗaya da ƙofar guda. Yarjejeniyar babban gidan badgers babban hadaddun tsari ne wanda ke da fa'ida a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi tare da fareti masu yawa da kuma buɗe iska da kuma manyan wurare masu sanannen abu wanda ke haifar da manyan ɗakuna.

Irin waɗannan burrows, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana gado su daga tsara zuwa tsara, koyaushe suna faɗaɗawa kuma ana gyara su. Gidan badger yana da amfani, dacewa da aiki wanda dawakai da karnukan karnukan rakiyannan galibi suna son mamaye shi. Wani lokacin wannan yakan faru da izinin lamba.

Badgers suna zama a cikin iyalai, yawan mutane a cikin iyali daya ya dogara da wadataccen abinci a cikin yankin da ke kewaye. Inda kayan abinci ke ƙanana, sukan zauna dabam. Miyagun spendari suna cin galibin lokutansu a cikin burbushinsu. Kasancewa a waje, bajan mafi yawanci suna zaune a cikin radius na kilogram 0.5 daga rami, wani lokacin suna yin nesa da shi daga nesa zuwa kilomita 1.5.

Iyakokin mashigar suna alama da ƙanshin haushi don nuna wa baƙi cewa wurin ya mamaye. Kamshin yana haifar da wani abu mai ƙamshi wanda glandon keɓaɓɓen ya ƙunsa a ƙarƙashin wutsiyar ƙungiyar, iri ɗaya ne ga duka mambobi ɗaya na iyali, kuma tare da shi ne ke tabbatar da dangin dangin juna.

Rayuwa

Badakare dabba ce wacce ke jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun; tana ciyar da kusan awanni a rami, amma lokaci-lokaci ya ketare “tsarin” kuma ana iya gani da sanyin safiya ko maraice.

Geroƙwalwa yana motsawa a hankali kuma ba makawa, yana haifar da hayaniya mai yawa lokacin da yake motsawa: yana jan hankali, yayi tsatsi tare da ganye da ƙarfi kuma ya tsinci kansa a cikin ƙasa. Muryar badger tayi kama da grunts, grunts da yelps.

Shin badger yana hibernate a cikin hunturu?

Badger ita ce kawai memba na gidan Marten don yin hibernate don hunturu. Amma, ya danganta da mazauninsu, jakar ba za ta yi hibernate ba. Don haka, a cikin yankuna na arewacin tuni lambar ta fara a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba masu hibernates kuma suna barci har zuwa Maris-Afrilu, kuma a cikin yankuna masu zafi na kudu, inda lokacin bazara ke da sauƙi kuma gajera, yana aiki a duk shekara.

Barcin mara kyau a rami

Bayan farawar yanayin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara, ƙarar ta daina bayyana a farfajiya kuma tana kwance a lokacin sanyi, yayin da zafin jikinta ya sauka zuwa 34.5C. Yayin narkewa, wani lokacin yakan iya farkawa ya fita zuwa rana a rana.