Babban Blue Hole a cikin Belize * Sauyin yanayi

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Babban Blue Hole yana daya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa da kyawawan abubuwan ban mamaki na yanayin duniya. Bayan karanta labarin, ya zama sananne dalilin da ya sa wannan wurin ke cikin TOP 10 wurare mafi kyau don ruwa. Yin nazarin kogon da aka ɓoye a cikin wannan sanannun ya taimaka wa masana kimiyya gano asirin Mayan. Labarin ya kuma ba da bayani game da wurin da ruwan tekun, ka'idar bayyanarsa da tarihin binciken.

A bangon da hasken turkey ya ke a bakin Tekun Honduras, wani fili da ke tsaye wanda yake a tsaye yake hangen nesa - wannan shine yadda Big Blue Hole yake kallo daga kallon tsuntsu. An sami launi mai ban sha'awa saboda ruwa mai tsabta mai haske da kuma zurfin rami. A taswirar duniya ma akwai manyan tsibiran teku, amma wannan wuri yana da kyau don kyawunsa da asirinsa. Yin zuzzurfan tunani anan shine mafarki mai mahimmanci game da duniya.

Menene Babban Blue Hole

Wannan sabon abu na halitta mai zagaye ne wanda ke da zurfin zurfin mita 120 da kuma nisan mitar 305. Bango na murjani murjani ya yi girma a gefen ƙarshen babban rami. Tarancin yanayin yana lalata murjani, amma rukunin wuraren rushewar suna cika da sauri tare da sababbin matakai. Hanyoyi biyu masu kunkuntar kawai suna haɗa rijiyar tare da teku.

Magoya bayan ruwa sun jawo hankalin su musamman ta hanyar kogunan da suke a 35 - 45 mita daga saman ruwa. Suna samar da dakin gwaje-gwaje na karkashin ruwa, wanda aka yi wa ado da manya-manyan stalactites da kuma nadin dutsen da ke tsiro. Wasu stalactites sun girma zuwa mita 6 kuma sun karkace daga tsaye ta hanyar 10 - 12 digiri. Tsarin tashoshi suna haɗu da rami a cikin teku tare da ƙasa. A cikin masarautar karkashin ruwa babu haske kadan kuma kusan babu zagayawa ruwa, saboda haka ake mamaye shi. Anan zaka iya samun garken kifayen namun daji. Rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, a gefunawar wata katuwar katako, yalwatacce.

Yayin babban tudu, rami a nan ya zama mai matukar hatsari: sakamakon iska yana haifar da rami cikin duk wanda yake cikin kewayon.

Ina Big Blue Iho

A labarin kasa, ramin kogin na Amurka na tsakiyar Belize ne. Wakar silsila na Belize Barrier Reef mai nisan kilomita 280 a bakin gabar wannan kasa, ta biyun ta biyu ce kawai zuwa Tsarin Barikin Reef. A tsakiyar gilashin fitila mai walƙiya shine lu'ulu'u mai ruwan shuɗi.

Kuna iya zuwa nan ta jirgin ruwa daga tashar jirgin ruwan San Pedro cikin 'yan awanni biyu. Geographic na ainihin wurin: 17º02 'N 87º32 W W

Ka'idar Bayyanar

Kyakkyawan nau'ikan rami na rami ya ba da damar zurfafa tunani game da tatsuniyoyin asalinsa. Mazaunan Amurka ta Tsakiya sun yi imani cewa wani allahn ya yi amfani da ramin a matsayin wani shago. An kuma yayata cewa kawai wayewar wayewar ƙasa za ta iya barin irin wannan alamar. Amma duk da haka, dabi'a ce wacce ta kirkiro wannan mu'ujiza.

Masana ilimin kimiyya suna ba da mafi ingancin sigar. A ra'ayinsu, wannan shine tsarin halitta, wanda aka fara halittar shi a lokacin dusar kankara. Da farko, hanyar sadarwa daga cikin kofofin sanyaya jiki ta bayyana. Da shigewar lokaci, matakan teku suka fara tashi, ruwa kuma ya mamaye manyan dakunan ba da izinin zama. Kasancewar an yiwa stalactites faci shima yana nuni da jujjuyawar dutse.

Irin wannan agajin yana da halayyar tsibirin Amurka ta Tsakiya.

Tarihin bincike

Amsar ɓoyayyen abubuwan al'ajabi na Belizean an samo shi a 1972 ta Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Mai binciken almara na duniyar cikin ruwa ya jagoranci balaguron kimiyya akan jirgin "Calypso". Teamungiyar sa na oceanographers sunyi nasarar gangara zuwa ƙarshen maɓuɓɓugar. Sun iya gano zurfin sa, kuma sun tabbatar da ka’idar faruwar lamarin.

Koyaya, sha'awar bincika wannan taskar zahirin ta ragu. A cikin 2018, balaguro ya faru a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Fabien Cousteau, yana ci gaba da aikin babban kakansa mai fasaha. Babban maƙasudin Gwanin Hoto na Hoto na Bishiya na Biyafara 2018 shine taswira ƙasa. Yin nazarin yanayin rijiyar, mambobin ƙungiyar sunyi mummunan gano - yawancin adadin sharar filastik.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa

A cikin 2012, masana kimiyya sunyi nazarin sinadaran sunadarai na stalactites da tsarin kulawa daga matsananciyar ruwa kuma sun gano cewa daga shekaru 800 zuwa 1000. AD canjin yanayin canjin yanayi ya faru a cikin waɗannan latitude, wanda ke haifar da matsanancin fari. A wannan lokacin, wayewar Mayan ya fada cikin lalata. Rana ta al'adu da ginin ya ba da damar yaƙe-yaƙe na jini da yunwa. Drought fari ne ya sa aka watsar da tsoffin biranen, mutane suka fara ƙaura zuwa arewa. Karatuttukan juji sun tabbatar da lafazin gurbataccen yanayin faduwar wannan wayewar.

Ramin rawaya a Belize abu ne mai ban mamaki na halitta, wanda yake daidai da ban sha'awa idan aka yi la’akari da duka tsuntsu biyu akan shi da kuma daskararn ruwa a cikin zurfinsa. Kyakkyawan kyakkyawa na wannan wuri an dace da shi a matsayin al'adun duniya kuma yana cikin jerin abubuwan da UNESCO ke ba da kariya.

Menene rami mai launin shuɗi?

Daga yanayin hangen nesa, wannan shine karst funnel. Samuwar sa ya faru ne miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce - a lokacin icing ɗin ƙarshe na duniyarmu (shekarun kankara).

Kalmar blue rafi suna ne na asali don karst funnels cike da ruwa da ƙasa ƙarƙashin teku.

Zurfin ramin, a cewar masu binciken, ya kai kusan mita 120. Diamita na babban rami mai launin shuɗi shine mita 305.

Ina babban rami mai launin shuɗi yake

Wannan ainihin abin al'ajabi na duniya yana kusa da jihar Belize, yana cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya a gabar tekun Caribbean.

Yawancin ramuka masu launin shuɗi sun kirkiro lokacin da kankara, lokacin da matakin saman ruwa ya kasance mita 100-120.

Abubuwan ruwa suna rawar gani a wannan sararin duniya. A yayin ramuka mai zurfi, rami ya juya ya zama babbar katako, mai iya tsotsa a tsakiyar kanta ba kawai kwayoyin halitta ba, har ma da jiragen ruwa tare da mutane.

Lokacin da dabbobin suka zo, babban rami mai shuɗi, kamar dai, yana tura duk abin da bazata fada cikin ƙarfinsa. A wannan lokacin, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na gaske suna tafasa a kan ruwa, sau da yawa har ma da datti.

A lokacin raƙuman ruwa, iska mai iska ta gaske ta zama a wurin babban rami mai shuɗi, tare da zane a cikin duk abin da ke iyo a saman.

Saboda irin wannan yanayin "canji" na rami mai shuɗi, mutane sukan zama waɗanda abin ya shafa ne.

Halittu masu rai na babban rami mai shuɗi

Masana kimiyya sun gano nau'ikan kifaye da yawa a cikin wannan rami mai zurfi, a cikinsu: kananan kifayen kifayen, kifin shark, babbar kungiyar da sauransu.

Duk da rashin isasshen wurin (nesa daga garin Belize yana da kusan kilomita 96), Babban Blue Hole sanannen wurin ne domin rami ruwa.

Ga ƙungiyar muhalli ta ƙasa, wannan wuri mai ban mamaki yana da matukar amfani, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka jera babban rami mai shuɗi a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO.

Don tsunduma cikin ruwa cikin “rami mai shuɗi” shuɗi mai faɗi dubban mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya sukan zo nan kowace shekara. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, hanyar tana gudana ne ta garin San Pedro. Yana da kayan aikin ci gaba kuma yana da abin da zai iya yi kafin nutsuwa mai zurfi a duniyar abubuwan al'ajabi na cikin ruwa.

Ramin rawaya ya zama sanannen godiya ga mai binciken Faransa Jacques-Yves Cousteau.

Baya ga ruwa, ana ba wa masu yawon shakatawa ziyartar wannan yanki mai hawa helicopter masu ban sha'awa a kan babban rami mai shuɗi. Ra'ayin daga sama, bisa ga matafiya da yawa, ba abin ban mamaki bane kuma mai ban sha'awa fiye da ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Darajar tarihi

Godiya ga karatun manya-manyan ramuka mai zurfi, masana kimiyya sun gano ɗaya daga cikin sanadin mutuwar wayewar Mayan. Bayan nazarin ƙasan ɗumbin dutsen da ke karst funnel, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa a waɗannan kwanakin akwai fari mai ƙarfi, wanda ya ba da gudummawarsa "masifa" ga koma baya ga wayewar zamanin.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Ina so in san komai

Mun fara nazarin batun teburin umarni na watan Satumba. Wannan lokacin na ɗauki batutuwa 10 kawai (zan ɗan huta kaɗan), don haka mai yiwuwa ba mutane da yawa sun sami lokacin ba :-). Daya daga cikin nasarorin shi ne santarini, Ga abin da ya tambaya:"Makka" na kowane iri, wuri mafi haɗari don nutsewa, siphon, nutsewa wuri guda, da kuma tashi a cikin teku, har yanzu ba zai iya yanke shawarar nutsewa a wurin

Wani rami mai launin shuɗi ana kiransa da tsalle-tsalle na karkashin ruwa a bakin Tekun Bahar Rum kusa da birnin Dahab na Masar. Zurfin kusan tsararren siffar tsintsiya ya kai mita ɗari da talatin. Wani ramin shudi mai zurfin zurfin mita hamsin yana haɗe zuwa Jar Teku ta rami mai mita 26 a bangon murfin murfin da ake kira Arch.

Tsarin rayayyun halittar murjani da yanayin sa na ban sha'awa suna jan yawancin mutane anan. Koyaya, hanyar daga Blue Hole zuwa Jar Teku ta hanyar Arch na buƙatar hazaka sosai da horo na musamman. Abun takaici, tantance hadarin da ba daidai ba game da wannan rami yakan haifar da sakamako mai ban tausayi. Ba abin mamaki ba da gazawar da aka yi wa lakabi da suna "Cemetery of divers", kawai a cewar majiyoyin hukuma, lokacin ƙoƙarin wucewa ta jirgin, mutane sama da arba'in suka mutu. A bakin gefen kusa da Blue Hole akwai allunan tunawa da waɗanda suka mutu.

Koyaya, rami a cikin Blue Hole ba tare da wucewa ta Arch ya zama sananne ga masu yawon bude ido. Dayan murjani na girma a jikin bango na tsaye wanda ke da tsinkaye kuma kifayen kifaye masu kyau suna rayuwa, kuma jin kusancin hadari kawai yana kara dagula lamura.

Sau ɗaya, miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, murjani wanda ya riga ya girma da mita biyu tare da tsararren bango ba zato ba tsammani ya daina yin girma. Gefen sa, kasancewar yana da haɓaka, yana haɓaka tare bayan ɗaruruwan dubban shekaru. Sakamakon ya kasance babban rami murjani, wanda ake kira shuɗi saboda launi na samaniya. Wannan katon rami ne mai nisan mita 55, wanda a cikin aikin rijiyoyin ya ke sauka zuwa zurfin mita 102. Wannan wuri ana samunsa ne don ruwa kawai don masaniyar iri.

Dukkanin ruwa a Dahab an yi su ne daga gabar teku, ma mazauna garin sun shirya wani irin cafe kusa da wurin nutsewar.

Ba a kiyaye bayanin hukuma game da wanda ya fara zuwa rami a cikin jirgin ba. An yi imani da cewa babban wofi a jikin dutsen ya samo asali ne a allon sonar da yahudawa.

Gaskiya gine ginen gini ne na musamman. Babban tayin da ke jikin bangon dutsen, ya kasance wani yanki mai siffar siffa daga bakin teku, yana da filin sauka a gefen teku, yana gangarowa daga 49 zuwa 54. Kasa na kwari kwari ne mai tsayi. Ya sauka daga bakin tekun kuma a ƙofar ƙofar yana da zurfin kusan 90 m, a mafita zuwa ƙasan ƙasan - zurfin 120 m. Ana yin arch a cikin zirin ruwa 26 cm lokacin farin ciki - a saman sa. Irin wannan tsarin yana sanya sashinsa da haɗari ga masu jan hankali waɗanda ba su da ingantattu a wannan zurfin kuma basu da kayan aiki na musamman. Yawancin ire-irensu, gami da gogaggen ƙwararru, an azabtar da su sosai da azanci yayin ƙoƙarin irin wannan “hasken” sashin jirgin.

Waɗanne dalilai ne - bayan duk, ga yawancin masanan da suka sha bamban, nutsewar fiye da mita 50 ba ta cikin talakawa? Bari mu tsara shi.

Kudin yana karkata zuwa arewa maso gabas. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar talauci lit. Fitowa daga ƙwanƙwasa zuwa ƙasan rafi na cikin inuwa. Theofar shigowa aofar maɓalli ce mai zurfi da zurfi, aka rufe ta tarnaƙi. Hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya zurfin sama da mita 20. Theari zurfin. Sabili da haka, ko da yaushe akwai faɗakarwa - ko da a waje da kogin.

Ruwan ruwa sau da yawa yana farawa tare da nutsewar ciki a cikin rafin. Bayan ya isa zurfin da aka tsara, amintacce ya riga ya waye da maraice. Anan ya hango wani siliki mai walƙiya mai kyau na baka ya fara iyo a ƙarƙashin baka zuwa ƙasan kogin. Kuma a nan yana jiran babban gwaji na kwarewar buoyancy. Saboda duhu a cikin arfa da kuma sarrafa zurfin gwargwadon alamun alamun ƙasa kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Haske mai launin shuɗi mai haske ya yi nisa da wannan. Ganuwar bangon birni tana cikin duhu. A irin waɗannan lokutan, mutanen da ba su shirye don waɗannan yanayin ba na iya fara jerin zurfin da ba a sarrafa su ba. A cikin zurfin sama da 70 m, bai zama duhu ba kamar a ƙarƙashin arch - isasshen haske yana shigowa can don karanta karatun kayan aiki ba tare da walƙiya ba kuma ba tare da haske ba. Ko da a zurfin 100 m ba duhu kamar a ƙarƙashin baka kanta.

Hanya mafi yawan ruwan da aka saba amfani dashi don sarrafa fasaha ita ce shigar da ruwa daga gadoji a cikin lago, yin iyo tare da bango zuwa bangon dutse a ƙofar. Nutsad da kanka da zurfin dacewa don cancantar. Arshen a cikin nau'i mai karkataccen rami zai kasance a wannan wuri a zurfin 90 m. Kusan koyaushe a cikin lagoon zurfin na 60-80 m zaka iya haɗuwa da garken kare-mai yatsan kare a cikin adadin 4 zuwa 12. Bayan haka, nau'ikan maɓallin ta hanyar tafi zuwa bakin ruwa. Sun zo da tsayayyiyar tsayawa a bangon Reef, a zurfin 7 m suna dawo cikin siririn zuwa lagos, inda ragowar lalata zai wuce.

Wani zabin hanyar shine shiga ruwa ta hanyar “Karrarawa” - Karrarawa a bayan makabartar matattun, sun gangara zuwa zurfin 65 m kuma yin iyo, tare da reshe a hannun damanka. A lokaci guda babu inda za'a juya, kuma tarar za ta kasance a gabanka - ba lallai ne ka neme ta ba. Ya kamata a kula sosai don lura da kwararar ruwan ƙasa - ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada (ƙaddamarwar haske a halin yanzu), hanyar zuwa Arch tana ɗaukar mintuna 15. Idan halin yanzu ya zama na zuwa, yana iya zama daidai don fara hawan zuwa 60-55 m a farkon, kafin a kai ga kicin.

Hole mai launin shuɗi a cikin Dahab - ofaya daga cikin abubuwan tarihi masu kyan gani da kyau na Bahar Maliya, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi kyawun rukunin ruwa na duniya da ɗayan mafi haɗari.

Legends sun ce a cikin lokutan tarihi, sarki yana zaune a waɗannan wurare, yana da 'ya mace guda. Lokacin da sarki ya shiga yakin neman zabe, 'yarsa ta yi amfani da kayan fada tare da wasu mutanen gari. Don haka jita jita game da ayyukanta bata wuce fadar ba, matsanancin rashin nutsuwa sun nutsar da su a wani rami mara tushe. A ƙarshe, Sarkin har yanzu ya gano game da halin lalata na 'yar kuma ya ba da umarnin kisan Libertine. Sannan 'yar sarkin ta jefa kanta cikin wannan Hoton mai suna' Blue Hole 'kuma kalmomin ta na ƙarshe sune:' Zan ci gaba da ɗaukar wa kaina waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin shiga ruwa a wannan wuri '. Babu wanda ya san yadda labarin yake da gaskiya, amma filaye da sunayen scanyen da suka mutu a nan suna ba da shawara.

Babu wani nisa da kogon karkashin ruwa, a bakin ruwa, akwai abin tunawa wanda a ciki akwai tarin allunan dauke da sunayen jarumai da suka mutu a nan. Kwanan nan, an hana sanya sabbin alamu, kamar yadda masarautar Misra ta yi la’akari da cewa hakan na iya yin tasiri ga kyau ga yawon shakatawa na wannan sabon abu, amma matattarar yanayin wurin.

A halin yanzu, jerin mutanen da suka yi nasara da arch a cikin yanayin yanci (i.e. rike da numfashinsu) yana da gajeru. Akwai 'yan sunaye kawai, daga cikinsu akwai masu fasaha iri daban daban kamar Bifin (Afirka ta Kudu), Herbert Nietzsc (Austria), Natalia da Alexey Molchanov (Russia). Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa Natalia Molchanova har yanzu ita ce macen da ta yi saukar jirgin sama da iska ɗaya!

Ga abin da Andrei Chistyakov, mai koyarwa TDI ya rubuta:

Har yanzu abin bakin ciki ne ga dukkanmu da muka san Yakubu, kuma na tabbata har yanzu ba mu da cikakkiyar yarda cewa wannan kyakkyawan mutum, Sarkin Blue Hole, bai fi haka ba. Amma ya ci gaba da zama a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2003. Kuma a gabansa akwai sauran da yawa, wataƙila ba mai haske ba ne, amma kamar shi, wanda ya ƙaunaci tekun har abada, ya san ruwa kuma ya san yadda za a yi ruwa. Da Rob Palmer, Hurghada, 1997? Af, James ya mutu yana ruwa tare da walƙiya, i.e. ba wani "kwallon daya-ball." Haka ne, kuma Rob da wuya kowa ya iya zarga da rashin iya aiki. Na tuna wani babban labarin rikicewa a Octopus game da mutuwar Palmer. Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin abin da ya kashe su? Amsar tana da sauƙi - ruwa mai zurfi a cikin iska, don farawa - DEEP AIR.

Bari mu faɗi shi da babbar murya, Deep Air shine batun! Haka ne, wani noose a kusa da wuya na fasaha ruwa, amma - taken! Sun kasance suna aikatawa, suna aikatawa kuma za su ci gaba da yi. Kusan kowa ya shiga hannu, amma sun yi shuru - ba malalata ba sa gaya wa ɗaliban su, ƙwararraki ba sa gaya wa sabon shiga, ma'ana musayar haske daga wani tsalle na tsarar mita 110 ... Yana cewa, ba ku yi haka ba, ba zan sani ba, ba shi da amfani. Zan juya zuwa yanayin farko.

"Techie". Don haka, Blue Hole, karfe 12 na yamma (kafin, ba tsammani ba ne, da farko, techies suna son yin bacci, sun ce, suna buƙatar shakatawa da kyau, kuma abu na biyu, yawanci ana juji sau ɗaya a rana, saboda haka babu hanzari). Techies suna cikin kwanciyar hankali - a bayan wata walƙiya tare da iska, a gefe - mataki ɗaya tare da nitrox 50 - na biyu ba shi da amfani, bayanin Yo-Yo baya buƙata. A gefen tudu, da yarda sosai cewa yau - mafi girman mita 100, zurfi - a'a, a'a. Kuma nutse. Ruwa cikin nutsuwa kamar yadda aka saba - alkyabbar ya lalace gabaɗaya - kuma tare da dutse, ainihin abin shine a sami lokacin yin birki kafin ƙasa. Kuma a nan shi ne, tushe a ƙarƙashin Arch - 70, 80, 90 - 90 - maganin hana ruwa gudu yana rufe jikin, amma Techie har yanzu yana da girma - yana tara bututu masu haske a ƙasa, ta hanyar yawon bude ido mara kyau daga Sharm, ƙonewa, kuma, idan kun yi sa'a, kwamfutoci. Kuma maganin sa barci yake yi. Daga cikin gefen idanunmu, techie namu ya ga cewa abokin aikinsa ya yi zurfi - uh, a'a, dan uwa, kana kwance - kana buƙatar ƙara couplean miji. Tare da ragowar hangen nesa (dige baki a gaban idanun, ramin gani), jaruminmu ya gyara adadi akan komputa - 110 mita. Wow, amma yanayin yana da kyau kwarai, a yau zaku iya zurfafa. Kuma yana tafiya cikin zurfi, kasan yana da kyau - ƙawance mai ban sha'awa tare da matakan da ba tsammani.

Kuma menene, a bayan mataki na gaba? Kuma a hankali, babu makawa ga kansa, ya yi barci, kafafunsa kuma suna ci gaba da layi cikin natsuwa - zurfi da zurfi ... Ko da a kan hawan, jagoran rukuni ya gano cewa ba a iya ganin biyun - amma sai ɗayan ɓatattu ya faɗi a samansa da dutse - wannan shine ragowar nutsuwa a mita 112 ya Na danna rigar da ke busawa, sannan na farka da dala hamsin, cikin fargaba sai na ga kwamfutata - da sauri na faɗi, don tsayawa. Amma damuwa a hankali ya cika sanin jagoran, babu wani na biyu kuma tunda bai kai minti 15 na ƙarshe ba, sai ya tashi da sauri. Ya bayyana sarai a nan - na biyu ba zai sake fitowa ba - kuma a wannan lokacin, tabbas akwai iska a cikin walƙiyarsa kuma yana bacci cikin natsuwa a cikin mita 140, yana numfashi a dai-dai, VR3 a wuyan wucin gadi ya nuna jimlar tashin sa'o'i 4, amma mai shayarwa yana farin ciki yana kwance a kasa yana numfashi.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, wani dattijo da mata sun zo wurin Dahab, suna cikin kwanciyar hankali, ba su iya yin kuka kuma, yanzu rayuwarsu ta rasa ma'ana - bayan komai, ba su zama wanda suka fi ƙaunarsu ba, ga wanda suka rayu, wanda yawancin ziyarar da kiran su suka fi so. a duniya. Suna zuwa wurin masu tsaron lafiyar gida kuma suna ba shi dala dubu 3 - za su ba wani 5 lokacin da ya tattara abin da ya rage, idan kifin da kifayen da ke da kyauta a kwanakin nan - har yanzu ana iya gane shi ... Kuma a - tsawon tsarin da hukumomi, 'yan sanda da akwatin zinc suna jigilar kaya a jikin IL-86, suna tsoratar da bakin hauren da ke yawon bude ido ...

"AOWD." A yau burina ya cika - Na amince da wani maigidan garin yariyar ganye ɗari - Na yi alƙawarin ɗaukarsa zuwa wurin Arch. Amma menene, Ni tuni ƙwararren masani ne, ina da ruwayoyi 50, Na kuma kasance a mita 60 (a asirce daga divemaster, tare da aboki, a kan tafiya ta ƙarshe zuwa Maldives), Ina numfashi lafiya, balanba guda ɗaya ya isa idan baku tsayawa tsayi sosai a gaban Jirgin. Ka yi tunani kawai, Arch, sun ce babban ƙarfen yana da nisan mita 55 - saboda haka komai yana cikin tsari. Ruwa. Muna cikin nutsuwa don tsawon mita 30, yana da wahala kadan mu iya sarrafa buloyancy a tsakiyar rijiyar - babu alamun ƙasa da ake gani, amma, komai, muma muna iya amfani da kayan kida. Kuma a nan ta fito babu inda - kyakkyawa! Kuma bari mu hau cikin zurfi, sannan kuma mita 55 ba tsauraran matakai bane ...

Ina sanya alama ga mai taimaka min Susanin cewa yana cikin zurfin zurfafa tuni a mafita daga Arch - ya juya yatsansa a haikalin, amma ba zai iya barin abokina ba - yana tunanin hakan kuma a bayyane yake cewa ba tare da Susanin ba zai iya zuwa ba. Ina sauka, ba zato ba tsammani bango a hankali ya narke cikin shuɗi - kuma ina jin cikin kunnena cewa na faɗi, amma ban gane inda saman yake ba, inda tushe yake. Fitowar tsoro ita ce abu na ƙarshe da ya fado a kaina - ƙarin duhu ... Kuma a bakin gabar kyakkyawar budurwa ta karanta wani littafi - ba da daɗewa ba ita kaɗai mutum a duniya wanda yake da kyau tare da ita ya kamata ya tashi. Tana kwance rufe idanun ta ...

"Buɗaɗɗen ruwa." Malaminmu, ƙwararren masani kuma mai taurin kai, ya miƙa tukuicin $ 100 ya nuna mana wani abu mai ban mamaki - wasu shahararrun Arch. Matata ta firgita kuma ba ta tafi, ta watsar da ni, amma na yanke shawara in tafi - fiye da ƙari, mene ne $ 100 - ugh, na gode Allah, kasuwancin yana tafiya lafiya, yaushe kuma zan nutse? Muna yin riguna da iyo zuwa tsakiyar rijiyar - malamin yana nuna alamar nutsewa, Ina busa da BCD kuma na fara faɗi. Amma menene - bangon ɓoyayyen bangon da yake bayyane ba bayyane kusa da shi ba kuma ina ƙasa? Nayi matsi sosai da mai gundura a bakina sannan na fara matsewa da fins, sannu sannu na daina fahimtar ko ina iyo ko ruwa - zuciyata da kamar tana tsalle daga kirjina yanzu…. Zai yi sauki sosai a same ni - a wannan ranar za a tashi jikina daga zurfin mita 90 ta masu fasaha waɗanda ba zato ba tsammani sun zo don nutse - matata za ta biya dala dubu biyu kawai ...

Don haka, kafin ku zama yanayin abubuwa uku - a kanku, wanne ya fi dacewa da kuke so? Af, James Paul Smith, Sarkin Blue Hole, wanda ya rayu kullun da Robert Palmer, shugaban TDI Turai, sun kasance kyawawan halaye - don haka mutane masu sauƙin kai, lafiya?

Babban Blue Hole

Babban rami mai launin shuɗi - Babban katon rami na Belize Barrier Reef a Tekun Atlantika, wanda yake bakin tekun ƙaramar jihar Amurka ta Tsakiya. Nitsuwa a ciki babbar jarabawa ce, wacce kawai ake yarda da yaduwar abubuwa daban-daban. Kyakkyawan daskarar da dutse mai zurfi na dutse mai zurfi tare da stalactites, raƙuman ruwa masu kisa waɗanda ke cikin rafi, garken karnuka masu niyya, waɗanda suka zaɓi yanayin Big Blue Hole, suna sa zuriyar ciki abin farin ciki ne na gaske ga mutane masu tsananin gaskiya.

Tarihin labarin kasa na Big Blue Hole

Jirgin ruwan Belize Barrier Reef ya mamaye kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Mesoamerican Barrier Reef mai nisan kilomita 900 - mafi girma na biyu a duniya bayan Ostiraliya. A ɓangarensa na gabas, atolls uku suna cikin babban zurfin zurfafa. Tsakanin ɗayansu, Hasumiyar Tsafi, yana nan a Babban Kogin Horo - itsaƙƙarfan duhu mai ban sha'awa yana bambanta da ban mamaki da ruwan azure kewaye.

A cikin shekarun kankara na ƙarshe, matakan teku sun kasance ƙasa, kuma ƙasa da ganuwar rami na yau sun kasance ɓangare na tsarin kogon dutse na ƙasa. Bayan dusar kankara ta narke, wannan bangare na atoll ya shiga ruwa, ginin turmin dutse ya karye, kuma ya gaza, ya samar da katako mai zurfin zurfi 124-125. Wannan sabon yanayin yana kama ne da bakin tekun Belize, amma Big Blue Hole ya shahara da girmansa. A cewar masana kimiyya, ana aiwatar da lalatattun ganuwar da kasa, kuma zurfin cikin mazurari zai yi yawa a hankali.

Gano da kuma bincike game da Babban Blue Hole

Jama'a sun ba da izini ga babban mai farautar gidan yarin Jacques-Yves Cousteau, wanda a cikin 1972 ya gudanar da binciken sa a nan. Shahararren Bafaransheen ya tabbatar da nisan danshi - mita 318, kuma a karo na farko ya sami damar yin zurfin zurfin Big Blue Hole, yana daukar ma'auni daga jirgin ruwan sa "Calypso". A cikin girman darajar mutum na Kusto, rakumar murfin rami tare da kogon karkashin ruwa na daga cikin rukunoni goma masu matukar kyau a duniya. A kasan, wanda masu binciken suka isa a karkashin wurin zama a karkashin wurin zama, an samo kwararan matakan nuna alamun farawar farantin. Cousteau da abokan aikinsa sun yanke shawarar cewa akwai matakai akalla 4 a cikin ɓarna na kogon - ana iya ganin wannan daga manyan matakan zurfin 21, 49 da 91 m.

Ned Middleton ya ba da babban suna a cikin littafinsa, Shekaru Goma Sha wateraya. Daga baya ya rubuta jagora don bambancin a cikin Belize, yana mai da hankali ga Babban Hotunan Babban shine babban abin jan hankali na Barrier Reef.

Ruwa

'Yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna zuwa Belize don ruwa - wannan shine babban makasudin yawon shakatawa na wannan ƙaramar ƙasar. Fiye da mutane dubu 130 ke yin matatun ruwa a shekara, amma ba dukansu a shirye suke su ɗanɗana wahalar zuriyarsu zuwa cikin Babban Kogin Horo ba. Dole ne rikodin waƙoƙin diver ya buƙaci aƙalla aƙalla 24 na hukumar tafiya ta gida don shirya masa balaguro. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi balaguro da kai - iri-iri dole ne a haɗa tare da jagororin ƙwararru waɗanda ke daidaita lokacin tafiya tare da magudanar ruwa lokacin da jirgi mai iska ke haifar da mutum ba kawai, har ma da karamin jirgin ruwa. A ƙarancin ƙarfi ba karamar haɗari bane: rami mai shuɗi ya fantsama, yana feshe shara da aka kama a baya.

Jirgin ruwa mai zurfi na Babban Blue Hole

Masana sun yi gargaɗin cewa ya fi kyau ga masu ƙaunar ruwan tsarkakakku tare da garken kifaye masu launuka masu ban sha'awa a gaba da gaba don zaɓar wasu wurare na Hasumiyar Haske don ruwa. Babban mazaunin Big Blue Hole manyan gibiyoyi ne da suka kai miliyan 2.7 a tsayi, kifin sharhi da kifayen kifayen, wadanda suke iya cutar da mutum, amma ba tare da kai masa hari ba, tare da wani sa'a kuma zaka iya samun kifin guduma. Yayinda kake nutsewa, mazaunan ruwa suna ɓacewa, kuma a zurfin kusan milimita 45 na duhu tare da daskararru stalactites fara.

Bayanin yawon bude ido

Ruwan zafin jiki a bakin tekun Belize yana da daɗi duk shekara: a lokacin rani ya kusan +26 ° C, a cikin hunturu - couplean digiri biyu. A cikin Babban Horo mai haske, alamu, alamu suna da banbanci - gwargwadon zurfin, suna buƙatar diver ga kayan da ya dace da kayan wasanni. Farashin ruwa ya dogara da abun da kungiyar da kuma sufuri da ake aiki da su. Matsakaicin, yana kashe $ 250. Wadanda basu da haɓakawa a cikin ruwa za su iya jin daɗin rami a cikin sararin sama ta hanyar ɗaukar jirgin saman injin kusan-$ 600 a kowane mutum. Duk ziyarar bazata wuce awa daya ba.

Inda zan tsaya

Ambergris Cay wani tsibiri ne wanda ke da rairayin bakin teku masu ruwa da kuma fadada ciyawar mangoro a tsakiyar. Yawancin halaye masu yawa suna zama a cikin otal-otal dinsa, don haka an ƙirƙira komai don dacewarsu: hukumomin travelan tafiya da suka kware kan tafiye-tafiye zuwa wuraren shakatawa da shagunan da ke da kayan aiki na musamman a kowane mataki. Babu wasu nishaɗi na musamman a tsibirin, kyawawan rairayin bakin teku masu kyau, otal-otal masu tasowa da gidajen cin abinci. Mashahuri tare da masu yawon bude ido shine Tsibirin Tide Beach Resort tare da ra'ayoyin raƙuman ruwa, wanda farashinsa yakai kusan 6,000 rubles a dare ɗaya, yayin da mafi kyawun otal ɗin Corona del Mar ke biyan 1000 rubles. mai rahusa. Hayar villa an kashe akalla 30,000 rubles kowace rana. Masu masaukin farashi masu sauki daga 2000 rub. kowane dare suna kusa da tsakiyar San Pedro, a wajen tsibirin Ambergris Cay.

Yadda ake zuwa can

Masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje yawanci sukan isa kasar ta hanyar tashar jirgin saman Belize, wacce ke karbar jiragen sama na yau da kullun daga Kanada, Amurka da makwabtan Amurka ta Tsakiya. Daga can, baƙi sun ƙaura zuwa birnin San Pedro, keken rabin awa a arewa, ta jirgin ruwa. Jirgin jirgi ya kusan $ 40. Daga nan, daga tsibirin na Ambergris Cay, ana ɗaukar nau'ikan abubuwa zuwa Babban Howalba mai Girma ta jirgi ko jirgi. San Pedro yana da filin jirgin sama na kansa, amma galibi yana yarda da jiragen sama na gida da jigilar kayayyaki daga Arewa da Kudancin Amurka da Yammacin Turai.

Ta yaya

Babban rami mai launin shudi wata halitta ce ta asali. A wani lokaci, a cikin lokacin kankara, matakin tekun duniya ya ragu sosai. Kuma a nan ne akwai wani tsarin kogon dutse, wanda a hankali ya bace a karkashin ruwa lokacin da dusar kankara ta hadu. A karkashin tasirin ruwa, har yanzu makamin kogon ya rushe kuma ya samar da mafaka - abin da muke da shi a yau.