Kwari ko dabbar ruwa - Atilax paludinosus - kawai wakilin halittar, wanda aka samo a Afirka daga Guinea-Bissau zuwa Habasha, har ma a Kudancin Afirka. Tsawon jikin mutum, gami da kai, shine 460-620 mm, wutsiya ita ce 320-530 mm, nauyin dabba mai girma ya girma daga kilogiram 2.5 zuwa 4.1. Mayafin yana da tsawo, mai yawa, mai fentin launin ruwan kasa. Musayar launin toka yana ba da alamar launi mai duhu. A cikin wasu mutane, ana ganin filayen haske a cikin nau'ikan zobba, yawanci launin toka, ana ganin su da launi. Shugaban yana da sauƙi fiye da baya, ƙananan sashin jiki ya fi sauƙi - kirji, ciki da paws. Tsakanin hanci da lebe na sama akwai tsiri na fata.

Harshen marsh mongooses Atilax wanda ya dace da shi zuwa tsakiyar ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa fiye da sauran mongooses. Gina mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Yatsun kafafu biyu ba su da membranes. Ruwan mongose ​​ya kama ganima a cikin laka ko maɓuɓɓuga daga ƙarƙashin duwatsun. Yatsun yatsu biyar akan kowane reshe, kafafu ba su da kyau, kusoshi sun gajarta da ƙarfi. Matan suna da nau'i-nau'i biyu kan nono. Mongoose Atilax An samo shi ko'ina, inda akwai tushen ruwa da ciyayi mai yawa tare da bankunan tafki. Fiye da mazauninsu na mongooses ruwa sune fadama, makiyaya na ruwa tare da bankunan kogi, gadajen kogin. Tsibiri mai ƙyalli a kan koguna sune wuraren da aka fi so hutu.

Kamar sauran 'yan'uwa, mongooses Atilax kusan basa hawa bishiya, amma suna iya hawa gangar jikin bishiya idan akwai haɗari. Waɗannan arean wasan ninkaya ne masu ban mamaki. Yawanci, lokacin yin iyo, mongoose yana barin kansa da baya kan ruwa, amma yana iya nutsuwa, yana barin hanci kawai don numfashi a saman. Yakan samo ganima a cikin ruwa kuma yayin tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun tare da hanyoyi na dindindin da aka shimfiɗa a bakin kogin ko fadama. Ruwan mongoose yana aiki da maraice da daddare, amma Rowe-Rowe (1978) tana rarrabe ta a matsayin dabbobi da rana, suna cewa tana farauta ne a lokacin da rana.

Ciyawar maigirma na cin abinci akan duk abinda zai iya kamawa ya kashe. Abincin ya dogara ne akan kwari, mollusks, crabs, kifi, frogs, macizai, qwai, ƙananan rodents da 'ya'yan itace (Kingdon 1977, Rosevear 1974). Domin fitar da katantanwa ko katako daga cikin kwandon, Atilax jefa su a kan duwatsu. Wani mongoose mai kamun kai yayi kokarin karya kashi ta hanyar jefa shi a kasa.

Kingdon (1977) ya yi iƙirarin cewa ɓarkewar ƙasa ta ke zaune ita kaɗai, tana mamaye da ƙasa sosai. An haifi Cubs cikin burrows a gefen bankunan ko a cikin daji. Haihuwar su a Yammacin Afirka ba a keɓewa zuwa takamaiman lokacin (Rosevear 1974). Game da Afirka ta kudu, an kama kodan mongoose a can a cikin Yuni, Agusta da Oktoba (Asdell 1964, Rowe-Rowe 1978). Matar na haihuwar cuban mata 1-3, yawanci sau 2-3, kowannensu yana ɗaukar kimanin g 100, idanunsu a buɗe a ranakun 9-14, suna ciyar da madara tsawon kwanaki 30-46.

Gooaya daga cikin ruwa mongoose ya rayu a zaman talala na shekaru 17 da watanni 5. Dangane da lura da Rosevear (1974), adadin waɗannan mongooses sama da shekaru 50 da suka gabata ya ragu musamman a cikin yankuna mara ƙuna. Dalilin haka shine ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutane. Bugu da kari, an kare mongooses, la'akari da shi makiyin kaji.

Bayanin maɗaukakin miya

Tabar wiwi mai danshi sosai, yana da kyau. Tsawon jikin mutum ya tashi daga santimita 42 zuwa 62, tsayin wutsiya shine santimita 32-53. Tsarin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin kilogiram 2.5-4.1. Gashi a jikin mutum da wutsiyarsa farin ciki ne, dogo ne mai yawa.

Mongoose na ruwa (Atilax).

A paws suna da gajeren Jawo. Tsakanin babban lebe da hanci akwai wani faci na fata mara nauyi. Shugaban yana da girma, kunnuwa suna matse kai. Kafafun gaba suna da hankali sosai, tare da taimakon su mongooses suna neman ganima a ruwa. Akwai yatsu 5 akan kowane paw, suna ƙare da gajerun maganganun da ba za'a iya tatsewa ba. Thean yatsa ya zama wani ƙarin tallafi wanda mene ne ke riƙe ta a ƙasa mai santsi.

Hakoran ciki suna da ƙarfi da kauri; Ruwan mongose ​​na iya murkushe abinci mai wuya, kamar su bawo da siket na mollusk, da motsi. Mace suna da nau'i biyu na shayyun dabbobi masu sha biyu.

Launin gashi na iya zama baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Ana samun Mongooses tare da zoben launin toka mai haske. Baya baya duhu fiye da kai. Dansandan yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, hanci yana yawanci kamar wuta. Abun ciki, kirji da paws sun fi na baya baya.

Bayanan halittu

Ruwan mongooses babban nau'in biri ne na mongoose. Tsawon jikinsu ya kai cm 80-100, nauyi ya tashi daga kilogiram 2.5 zuwa 4.2. Daga santimita 30 zuwa 40 ya fadi akan wutsiyar iska. Mayafin yana da tsayi, mai kauri da kauri, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a launi, wani lokacin m ko kusan baki. Kunnuwa karami ne, zagaye suke da siffa, da karfi aka matse su ga kan dabbar. Shortan gajere mai tsini mai zurfi da membranes na ruwa a tsakanin yatsunsu halayen ne na wannan nau'in. Kwakwalwa tayi girma sosai. Musamman haɓaka cikin waɗannan dabbobi shine ma'anar taɓawa wanda yake taimaka musu a cikin neman abinci.

Rayuwa

Duk da cewa wasu lokuta ana samun mongoose na ruwa a wani yanki mai nisa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin suna zaune kusa da fadama, tafkuna, koguna da tekun bahar. Yana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau, kuma yana aiki a yamma. Mafaraucin, abin farautarsa ​​shine crustaceans, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifi, ƙananan bera. Hakanan yana cin ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da sauransu. Yana iyo sosai. Cikakken kariya "yankunansu" daga wasu nau'in mongoose. Lokaci lokaci-lokaci alama ce ta wannan yankin tare da kwararar ruwa - tare da tafkin inda yake zama. A halinsa, yana kusa da otters.

Mace na mongooses na ruwa suna haihuwa sau da yawa a shekara daga cubaya 1 zuwa uku. Bayan kwanaki 10-20, yaran sun zama masu gani, bayan wata daya suka fara cin abinci kamar yadda aka saba don mongoose.

Hare

Ruwan mongooses ya zama ruwan dare a Afirka ta Kudu da Tsakiyar Afirka. Ana nuna su ta hanyar rayuwa ta keɓewa kusa da jikin ruwa. Kowane mutum ya mamaye yankin kansa, cikin gadaje Reed kusa da kogin mai gudu, ko kuma a wani yanki kusa da fadama. A magariba da daddare, daddare ruwa yakan fita neman abinci, wanda ya kunshi frogs, kifi, kifayen da kwari na ruwa. A kan tudu, dabbobi suna farautar tsuntsaye, ƙuraje da kwari, da kuma filayen girke-girke. Waɗannan mafarauta ne marasa tsoro, amma kuma suna da taka tsantsan.

Bayanin ruwan mongoose

Ruwa ko dabbar dutsen mongoose ƙaramin tsuntsu ne wanda yake kama da wakilan dangin cat. Jikin manya a cikin tsawon 25-75 cm, taro yana cikin kewayon daga 1 zuwa 5 kg. Dabbobin suna da sikila kuma suna da wadatar gini. Mayafinsa mai kauri ne, dogo ne mai kauri, gajarta ne a kan gabar jiki.

Shugaban yana da girma tare da kunnuwa suna latsa shi. Wani leɓen fata mai launin fata yana raba lebe na sama daga hanci. Hannun yatsun hannun yatsun hannu biyar ne, tare da gajeren zango waɗanda ba su juyawa ba. Kafafun gaba suna da matukar damuwa, wanda ke taimaka wa mongoose ya sami ganima. Babban yatsan yana aiki a matsayin tallafi, kuma yana taimaka masa ya kasance a kan daskararren ƙasa. Hakanan ruwan mongooses yana da isassun ƙwayoyi, mai ƙarfi, haƙoran haƙora, da ikon murƙushe ɓarna da ɓarna na mollusk. A cikin mata, nau'i biyu na mammary gland suna kan ciki. Ganyen hanji na ɓoye ɓoyayyen mayuka.

Jikin ruwan mongoose yana launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, mara galibi launin ruwan kasa-baki. Akwai daidaikun mutane da tabo mai haske a kan ulu. Shugaban, ciki, kirji da wata gabar jiki koyaushe suna haske da baya.

Siffofin ciyar da mongoose na ruwa

Ruwan mongoose kusan dabba ne mai yawan iko. Yana ciyarwa akan kwari na ruwa, karnuka, kifi, kifin kifi, kwaro, macizai, ƙanana, ƙwai da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Wani lokacin ma yakan farauta a ƙasa, kama tsuntsaye da ƙaramin dabbobi, har ma ya sami damar hau saman bishiya.

Lokacin da ruwa na cikin ruwa ya nemi ganima a bakin gaci, yana bincika kowane irin kayan maye, kuma da sauri yaga datti cikin ruwa tare da goshin sa. Da zaran maharbi ya gano ganima, sai ya cire shi daga ruwan ya ci shi. Mai yin tsayayya da ɗan azaba zai iya kashe shi ta cizo. Shellfish, crabs da qwai an jefa su ƙasa don su fashe. Gabaɗaya, ruwan mongoose yana jujjuya kayan abinci zuwa ga ƙasa lokacin da tafkunan suka bushe.

Very peculiar a ruwa mongooses tsuntsu farauta. Don yin wannan, dabba tana kwance tare da bayanta zuwa ƙasa, yana sanya ciki da hasken fiska mai ruwan hoda. Ya zama mai ban sha'awa ga tsuntsaye su bincika irin wannan “abin” sabon abu. Amma da zaran sun kusanci mafarauci mai farauta, sai ya yi kaifi, ya kamo ganima ya ci.

Mongoose yadawo

An rarraba mongoose na ruwa a kan yankin Tsakiyar da Kudancin Afirka a cikin gadaje na Reed, kusa da fadama-ruwa, koguna ko kantuna tare da jinkirin hanya, a tsayi daga matakin teku zuwa mita 2,500. Ana samun nau'in a wani yanki mai nisa na arewa maso gabas na nahiyar daga Afirka ta kudu zuwa Habasha, a arewa maso yamma zuwa Saliyo, ban da yankunan hamada da Semi-hamada. Ruwan mongoose yana zaune a Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Kamaru, Kongo, Cote Divoire, Equatorial Guinea, Habasha, Gabon, Laberiya, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Saliyo, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia.

Halin Mongoose

Ruwan mongooses suna aiki da yawa a cikin dare da maraice, amma wani lokacin ana iya lura dasu yayin rana. Suna da kyau mersan wasan ninkaya ne, amma sunfi son kawunansu sama da matakin ruwan idan suna iyo, suna ƙoƙarin dogaro da wuraren ciyawa da ciyawar da ke iyo. Tana iya ruwa mongoose na ruwa kuma ya kusan nutsar da ruwa, yayin da ya rage hanci a saman yai numfashi. Gabaɗaya, wannan dabbar tana haɗe da tsarin rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Lokacin da hatsari ya taso, sai ya nitse cikin ruwa ya zauna a wurin na dogon lokaci. Idan an jefa mongoose na ruwa zuwa ƙarshen mutuwa ko kuma ya firgita sosai, to, sai ya fara harbin maƙiyansa tare da asirin launin ruwan kasa mai ɓacin rai.

Wadannan dabbobin suna da tsayayye a cikin halaye, suna son bin hanyoyin ingantattu waɗanda ke gudana a gefen gabar ruwan teku da sauran jikin ruwan da ciyayi ke ɓoye.

Tunda ruwan mongoose dabba ce mai zaman kanta, kowane mutum ya mamaye wani fili a fili, iyakar abin da yake bi ta cikin ruwan tafki kusa da inda yake zaune. Waɗannan yankuna yawanci suna da faɗi sosai.

Kiwon ruwa mongoose

Sake haifuwa a cikin mongooses na ruwa yakan faru sau biyu a shekara: a tsakiyar lokacin rani da damana. A Yammacin Afirka, ba a bayyana yanayin lokacin haihuwar jarirai a cikin wannan nau'in, kuma a cikin kudu na Afirka yawanci ana haihuwar su tsakanin Yuni da Oktoba.

Haihuwar haihuwa na faruwa ne a cikin gidaje wanda aka gina ciyawa mai bushe, wanda mata ke bazu a cikin manya-manyan bishiyoyi, a cikin tushen bishiyoyi, wurare daban-daban, masarufi, kogunan yanayi ko, idan babu mafaka ta zahiri a nan kusa, misali, a cikin marshy, a cikin nisha a tsakanin ciyayi, ciyawa da sandunansu. .

A cikin zuriyar mace, akwai 1-3, yawanci biyu ne, 'yan' yayan da aka haife su makaho da marasa taimako, nauyinsu shine kawai g 100% 9-14 bayan haihuwar, idanu da kunnuwan jarirai a buɗe. Ciyar da madara ya kasance akalla wata guda, wanda daga baya wannan ruwa mai ruwa ya canza zuwa ingantaccen abinci, kuma tsakanin ranakun 30-45 na rayuwa sun riga sun ci cikakku tare da manya. Wani lokaci bayan ƙarshen ciyar da madara, san sandun suna rakiyar mace a cikin dukkan ayyukanta na farauta. Wani lokacin wani dabba mafi girma (mai yiwuwa namiji) yana haɗuwa da irin wannan “dangi”.

Abokan gaba na makiya mongoose

Yawan mongoose na ruwa saboda ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutane fiye da ƙarni na rabin da suka gabata ya ragu sosai, musamman a cikin yankuna maras amo. Amma gabaɗaya, saboda yawan mazauninsu a cikin Afirka, da kasancewar yawancin mazauna wurare masu kyau, har yanzu ba a lura da barazanar kasancewar wannan nau'in ba.

Abincin Marsh Mongoose

Ruwan mongooses dabbobi ne na kowa da kowa, tushen abincin da suke ci shine ya hadar da dunƙulen ruwa, da kifin kifin kifin. Suna kuma ciyar da kifaye, kwaɗi, macizai, ƙanƙan dabbobi, tsuntsaye, ƙwayayensu, ƙwari manya da ƙwari. Ruwan mongooses na iya cin ƙananan ungulates - daskararre da dam.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna yin rayuwarsu ta rayuwa kaɗai. Iyakokin abubuwan da aka ba su an raba su a sarari, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna wucewa ta ƙarshen tafki, kusa da wanda mongooses suke rayuwa.

Sake bugun mongooses na marsh

Lokacin kiwo na lalatattun ma'adamai a cikin Yammacin Afirka yana faruwa ne a duk shekara, kuma a Afirka ta Kudu, ana haihuwar jarirai daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Mace na da litter 2 a kowace shekara. Mace ta yi gida mai bushe ciyawa ko ciyawa don haihuwa. Tana iya yin gida a cikin kogo na zahiri ko a wani wurin da ba kowa. Mafi yawan lokuta, burbushin mace yana kusa da ruwa.

Musamman mongooses na ruwa suna haɓaka musamman tare da ma'anar taɓawa, wanda yake taimaka musu a cikin binciken abinci.

A cikin zuriyar dabbobi na dabbobi, za'a iya samun fromaya 1 zuwa uku. Smallaramin abu ne, nauyinsu kawai gram 100 ne, kuma basa taimako. Yaran da idanun rufe suke. Wahayi a cikinsu ya bayyana a ranar 9-14th. Uwa tana ciyar da yarinyar da madara daga kwanaki 30 zuwa 45.