Giwa ko Galapagos makwaftaka (lat. Chelonoidis nigra) shine mafi girman memba na dangin jiyya a duniya (Lat. Testudinidae). Twayoyin kunkuru sun bayyana a duniya a cikin yanayin Triassic shekaru 250-200 shekaru da suka gabata. Dukkanin wannan lokacin, bayyanar mai rarrafe bai canza ba.
Yanzu haka an san iri-iri goma sha biyar na kunkuru giwar, waɗanda 5 daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 5 sun riga sun mutu.
Bayanin
Pirƙirin Galapagos yana bugun kowane mutum da girmansa, saboda ganin kunkuru mai nauyin kilogram 300 kuma har zuwa tsayi 1 a tsayinsa ya cancanci yawa, ɗayan itsanyoyinsa a cikin diamita ya kai mita 1.5. Wuyanta yana da tsawo da kauri, kuma kawunta kanana ne da zagaye, idanuwanta sunyi duhu da hawaye.
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Ba kamar sauran kunkuru, wanda ƙafafunsa ke gajeru har ya zama dole suyi birgima a cikin cinyarsu, phaan wasan giwa yana da tsayi kuma har ma da ƙwallon ƙafa, an rufe shi da fatar duhu mai kama da sikeli, ƙafafun sa ƙare da gajerun yatsunsu masu kauri. Hakanan ana samun wutsiya - a cikin maza ya fi tsayi fiye da na mace. Sauraren sauraro ne, saboda haka suna yin karanci ga kusancin makiya.
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Masana kimiyya sun kasu kashi biyu:
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- tare da harsashi mai wuta
- tare da sirdi harsashi.
A zahiri, duka bambanci a nan daidai yake a cikin hanyar wannan kwasfa. A cikin wasu, yana tashi sama da jiki a cikin tsari, kuma a karo na biyu, yana haɗa wuyan wuyan wuyan, nau'i na kariya na halitta ya dogara ne kawai akan mazaunin.
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Yaya za a iya fahimtar gilashin Galapagos ta alamun waje?
Wannan babban gilashin yana ɗaukar kilogram 300. Girman dutsen harsashi ya kusan mita ɗaya da rabi, kuma a tsayi wannan dabba tana girma zuwa mita ɗaya! Zai yi wuya ba a lura da irin wannan kunkuru ba, ko da yake yana da ɗan fata kaɗan.
Wani sanannen fasalin giwayen giwa shine dogayen wuyansa, shi kuma yana da kafafu masu tsayi, godiya ga wanda ya tayar da jikinsa daga ƙasa. Tsarin wannan wakili na kunkuru "kunkuru" yana fenti baki.
Me yasa kunkuru ya sami sunan "giwaye"? Duk abin yana cikin kamanninsa: ba wai kawai yana da girman girma "giwa" ba, ƙafafun kunkuru kuma suna maganar kamanceceniya da waɗannan dabbobi: suna da girma sosai har suna kama da ƙafafun giwa. An bayyana kamanceceniya a adadi mai yawa na fata a wuyansa.
Theaƙƙarfan kunkuru na ƙwarƙwarar giwa abu ne mai ɗan tuno da sirdi: a gaban sa an an ɗaga shi sama, kuma a bayan sa yana da gangara da ƙaramar daraja.
A cikin salama kiwo giwayen kunkuru
Elephant kunkuru yanayin rayuwa
Wadannan wakilai na gidan gidan yayan suna zaune cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Inda suke zama, akwai yawan zafin jiki koyaushe, yanayin zafi da ciyayi. Saboda haka, dole ne su zama marasa ma'anar abinci. A wuraren zama, suna ƙoƙarin zama kusa da dazuzzuka masu cike da ruwa, a kan filayen cike da ciyayi, ko cikin savannas. A cikin Galapagos, kunkuru livewatsun suna zaune a cikin ƙananan tuddai.
A cikin matasa yara, da kwasfa na mafi haske inuwa.
Da rana, waɗannan dabbobin suna nuna tsantsar taka tsantsan, amma da farkon dare suna kama da su zama makaho da kurma - suna motsawa, ba da kula da abin da ke faruwa ba kuma sun daina lura. Af, giwayen kunkuru dabbobi ne masu jinkirin zama! Gama tsawon ranar zasu iya tafiya sama da kilomita 6 ba.
Me Galapagos ya ci?
Twaƙin kunkuru na cin tsire-tsire. Ta ci a zahiri kowane ganye: ko dai ganye ne na bushes ko cacti mai ciyawa, ciyawa ko harbe-harbe. Bugu da kari, zai iya ciyar da itace a jikin bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itace na' ya'yan itace da tsire-tsire na Berry. Ku ci kunkuru da algae, da sauran tsirrai masu ruwa. Amma mafi mahimmancin alheri mata sun kasance kuma sun kasance ... tumatir!
Galatagos kunkuru ne mai cikakken aminci ga mutanen da suka yi amfani da wannan, wanda kusan haifar da ƙarshen waɗannan kunkuru.
Kunkuru mai wuya yana shan ruwa, saboda yana da mallakin adanar shi na ɗan lokaci mai yawa a jikinsa.
Kiwo giwayen kunkuru
Kowace shekara, daga Afrilu zuwa Nuwamba, mata suna sanya ƙwayayensu. Wannan yana faruwa a wuri guda, wanda aka shirya musamman musamman daga iyaye masu kulawa. Caya daga cikin kama yana ƙunshi daga ƙwai 2 zuwa 20. Watanni shida bayan haka, sabon ƙarni na ƙattai na ƙasa ya bayyana a cikin "mazaunin" ƙwai ƙwai.
Tkuru na hauren giwa ya harzuƙa daga kwai.
An san dabbobin giwa dabbar dabba ce da ta daɗe. An yi rikodin lokuta yayin da suka rayu zuwa 100, ko ma 150, shekaru!
M ra'ayi mara kyau
Dangane da kisan gilla saboda yawan riba, wanda ya faru sama da ƙarni da suka gabata, waɗannan kunkuru sun faɗi ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙungiyoyin ƙasa don kare yanayi. A halin yanzu, lambobin su suna cikin tsantsan hana su zubar da jini gaba daya a duniyarmu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Lokacin da mutane gano game da wannan rarrabuwa
A karo na farko sun koya game da giwayen dabbobi masu rarrafe a 1535, lokacin da magabatan Spanish suka gano tsibirin. An samo turtles mai dimbin yawa, wanda daga nan ne aka sanya wa tsibirin suna Galapagos, yayin da adadin ya kai mutum dubu 250. A cikin nazarin Mutanen Espanya, an samo bayanan bayanan wanda aka nuna cewa tsawon dabbobin sun kai mita biyu, kuma nauyin kusan rabin tan, alhali wannan ba karamin abu bane.
Galapagos kunkuru, ko giwayen kunkuru Mutanen Espanya sun kasance suna samun mai, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan kwalliya don haɓaka bayyanar da fata, har ma don dalilai na magani. Dabbobin suna lalata kullun, alal misali, a cikin ƙarni na 17-18, an ga 'yan fashin teku a cikin halaka, kuma a cikin karni na 19, kifayen da suka kashe mata waɗanda ke shirin kwanciya ƙwai su haifar da lalacewa ta musamman.
Bayyanarwar a tsibirin aladu, kuliyoyi da karnuka suma sun haifar da lalacewar alƙaluma, waɗannan dabbobin suna ci da tan kunkuru. Estsasar ta lalata tsari ta hanyar beraye, awaki da jakai.
A cikin 80s, yawan chelonoidisnigra ya ragu zuwa mutum 3,000. Don adana wannan nau'in, an gina tashar inda ake tattara kwayaro da ƙoshin ƙyallen. Bayan mutumin ya girma, aka sake shi zuwa cikin daji. Irin wannan kokarin ya kara adadin giwayen kunkuru ya zama mutum zuwa 2009 zuwa mutane 20,000.
Tun da kasancewar tsibirin Galapagos mallakar Ecuador ne, gwamnati ta dakatar da kame kunkuru, kuma shekaru 25 bayan haka, a cikin 1959, aka kafa gadar ta National Park. Tun daga shekarar 1965, aka fara samar da kiba ta wucin gadi tare da taimakon mai fashewa, daga cikin kunkuru takwas da aka samu, an fara samar da kwai na farko.
Kiwo kunkuru
Urtaya kunkuru dabbobi ne masu saurin jujjuyawa, amma a lokacin lokutan kiba sukan zama da ƙwazo da wasa. Maza koyaushe suna neman mace. Lokacin saduwa da baƙon, fada ba shi yiwuwa a guje shi. Fuskokin, abokan hamayya suna gaban juna, suna buɗe bakinsu baki ɗaya kuma suna kaɗa kawunansu baya. Sannan harin ya zo, tare da sautin kararraki da kuma kunkuru kunji suna jefa kansu ga juna, suna kokarin ciji kafafunsu ko wuya. Namiji mafi rauni, wanda ya sami damar murkushe abokan gaba, ya juyar da shi ga bayan sa, wanda hakan ke haifar da keta yanayin jini da abinci mai gabobin ciki. A wannan yanayin, kunkuru ya zama mai rauni, wani lokaci tsawon zama a bayan baya yana haifar da mutuwa, don haka abokin gaba yayi kokarin juyawa zuwa ƙafafunsa da sauri. Dabba da aka ci da karfi ya bar filin daga, kuma wanda ya ci nasara zai rage na ma'aurata, bayan haka mace nan da nan ta fita. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin na iya faruwa a duk shekara, amma ana ɗaukar watanni mafi yawan watanni daga Yuni zuwa Fabrairu.
Awanni da yawa, wani mutum a cikin yashi ko busasshiyar ƙasa ya haƙa rami game da zurfin cm 30, inda daga baya za a sa ƙwai 15. Kowane kwai yana nauyin 80-150 g a diamita har zuwa cm 5. Girman ƙwai ya dogara da ƙananan kuɗi.
Ido na kwanciya qwai
Matar ta sami damar tono har zuwa ramuka uku kuma ta cika su. Sai aka cika su da ƙasa. An rufe saman da ɓawon burodi, wanda zai baka damar kula da danshi da yakamata.
Lokacin tsufa na kunkuru mai zuwa suna faruwa ne a tsakanin watanni 2-3, yawanci ana haihuwar su ne a cikin ruwan sama.
Game da fari fari, lokacin shiryawa za a iya tsawaita zuwa watanni 8. Ba tare da ruwan sama ba, kunkuru ba zai iya ɗaukar babban abin da ke cikin ƙasa ba. Babiesa babiesan jariran da aka haife su sun kai ɗari g 100 ba tsayi sama da cm 6 ba. A cikin hasken rana, kunkuru ya cika shinge, kuma suna fita don jin daɗin ciyawar ciyawa da dare. Sai bayan shekaru 10-15, kunkuru ya canza matsayin wurin zama zuwa mai arziki a cikin abinci. Za'a iya tantance jinsi ne kawai bayan shekaru 15 na rayuwa. Kowane mutum yana shirye don kiwo bayan shekaru 40, a cikin bauta da yawa a baya - a shekaru 20-25.
Littafin jan
Dalilan da yasa kunkuru ya faɗi cikin littafin jan - raguwa a yawan nau'ikan saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Don haka a ƙarni na 19, saboda warwatse ciyayi da awaki daji, a tsibirin Pinta kusan babu abincin da ya rage don kunkuru. Bugu da kari, a cikin shekarun 70s, masu rarrafe sun kasance masu saukin farauta ga masu farauta saboda jinkirinsu da jinkirin da suka samu, a sakamakon, adadin ya ragu sosai. An gano nau'ikan halittu na ƙarshe a tsibirin a 1972, masana sun ba da duk ƙarfinsu don samun zuriya kuma su koma yanayin halitta. Saboda haka, an jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Jan.
Shekaru nawa suke rayuwa
Elephant kunkuru kuncin rayuwa a cikin daji shi ne, a kan matsakaici, kusan shekara 100, yayin da ake zaman talala, tsawon rayuwa na iya zama shekaru 140-150. An yi rikodin wani ɗan shekaru da yawa mai suna Harriet, wanda ya mutu yana da shekara 170 a cikin gidan zu Australia.
Haraji
Sunan Latin - Chelonoidis nigra
Sunan Turanci - Girgizar tsibiri, Galapagos gizare
Class - 'Yan halittu masu rarrafe ko masu rarrafe (Reptilia)
Oda - Kunkuru (Chelonia)
Iyali - Tasar Kunkuru (Testudinidae)
Harshen --asar - Kunkuru na ƙasar Amurka (Chelonoidis)
Matsayin Kariya
Dangane da matsayin kiyayewa na kasa da kasa, kunkuru giwar - ƙwararren tsibiri ne na tsibirin Galapagos - yana nufin nau'in haɗari ne - IUCN (VU).
Yawan waɗannan kunkuru ya ragu daga 250,000 a ƙarni na 16 zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci na 3,000 a cikin 1970s. Babban dalilan irin wannan raguwar rashi sune: 1) Masu tsaron teku masu kama da kunkuru don amfani dashi "abincin abincin gwangwani", 2) lalata wuraren zama, 3) shigo da dabbobi da ba'ansu - beraye, awaki, aladu, karnukan fegi. Daga cikin asali 15 na ofan kunkuru, 10ari 10 ne kawai suka rayu a halin yanzu.
An dauki matakan gaggawa don ceton giwayen kunkuru, musamman kiwo da su cikin bauta, tare da bibiyar yanayin zuwa tsibirin. A halin yanzu, duk tsibiran Galapagos suna da kariya, kuma kariya ta kunkuru kunkuru akwai cikakke.
A cewar masana, a farkon karni na 21 adadin kunkuru giwayen sun kusan 20,000, amma har yanzu jinsin na cikin rukunin “m”.
Duba kuma mutum
A dabi'a, giwa maroki ba shi da abokan gaba, don haka kawai laifin da ke damun wannan dabbar ta ban mamaki ita ce mutum. Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar adadin kuma har ma da cikakken nau'i na wannan nau'in shine kunkuru da kunkuru don amfani dashi a matsayin "abincin gwangwani". Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Turai sun kama kunkuru suka saka su a cikin jirkunan jiragensu, inda kunkuru ya rayu tsawon watanni ba ruwa da abinci ba, sannan aka ci su. An yi imanin cewa kafin farkon karni na 20, to, kusan kifayen giwaye 200,000 sun lalace.
Yanzu kunkuru giwayen a tsibirin Galapagos ba kariya kawai. A tsibiran inda har yanzu ake kiyaye kifayen, zaka iya samun jagora ko ma'aikaci na gandun dajin kasa kuma ka bi hanyar da ta bi.
Tun daga 1959, Cibiyar Bincike na Charles Darwin ke aiki a tsibirin Santa Cruz, inda, tsakanin sauran ayyukan don tsibirin tsibiri da fauna na musamman na tsibirin, suna yin nazari da kuma haifar da kunkuru. Wannan yana la'akari da yanayin dabbobi, tunda kowane tsibiri na tsibiri yana da nasa fam. Tan kunkuru matasa suna girma zuwa wani girman, sannan a sake su cikin yanayi. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba za a iya tantance tushen ƙifar, wannan mutumin ba ya cikin haihuwa. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya suna kokarin ba wai kawai don dawo da adadin kunkuru d, u, har ma su iya daidaita bambancin fauna na kowace tsibiri.
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Twayoyin kunkuru suna rayuwa ne kawai a tsibirin Galapagos na wutar lantarki, i.e. su nau'in halitta ne. Masu mulkin mallaka na Spain, waɗanda suka gano tsibiran a ƙarni na sha shida kuma suka gano waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe a can, sun ba tsibirin sunan galapago, wanda ke nufin kunkuru. Don haka a cikin fassarar zahiri ta Galapagos - tsibiran tsibiran.
Bayyanar
Haɓakar giwa ita ce mafi girma a cikin kunkuru na zamani, nauyinta zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 400, tsayinsa ya wuce mita 1.8.
A cikin daban-daban gwamnatocin giwa, to, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin girman da sifar harsashi - carapace. A kan wannan, sun kasu gida biyu manyan kungiyoyi biyu: 1) kan kananan tsibiran tudu, kunkuru ya fi karami tare da harsashi mai santsi. Kafafunsu sun fi tsayi da bakin ciki. Yawan nauyin mace ya kai kilogiram 27, maza - har zuwa kilogram 54. 2) a tsibiran tsibiran da ke da yanayin danshi da ciyayi masu yawa, kunkuru ya fi girma, llsawunansu suna da girma kuma suna zaune a ciki. Bambanci a cikin yayyun mata da maza ba a fayyace su ba.
Rashin makiyaya a tsibiran shi ya haifar da cewa harsashin kunkuru ya zama a bude a gaban. Godiya ga wannan harsashi, kunkuru na iya kaiwa nesa ga rassan nesa wanda wasu dabbobi ba su ci ba tukuna. Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa irin wannan "buɗewar" harsashi yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun iska a cikin yanayin rayuwa a cikin tsaunin zafi.
Abinci da tsarin abinci
Twayoyi phaan maroƙi dabbobi ne masu yawan dabbobi. Babban abincin su shine ganye da tsire-tsire iri-iri. Abin lura ne cewa kunkuru zai iya cin tsire-tsire masu daɗi sosai ba tare da wata lahani ga kansu ba, gaba ɗaya ma yana yin wasu ganyayyaki. Wani lokacin kunkuru “a kan hanya” sukan sami damar kama shi kuma su ci shi da son rai.
Taphaan kunkuru da wuya a sha, abun da ke ciki tare da raɓa da kuma tsiro na tsirrai, ba za su iya yin ruwa ba har tsawon watanni 6.
Rayuwa a gidan zu
A cikin gidan mu yanzu zaune giwayen kunkuru 4 (mai yiwuwa nau'i biyu). Dukkaninsu suna cikin jigon tallafin Ch.nigra - mai baƙi ko Santacrus giwa maroki. An haife su a cikin Amurka a 1992 daga iyaye daban-daban daga tsibirin Galapagos bisa ga tsarin kariyar dabbobi don shayar da dabbobi da ba a taɓa yin su ba. Sun isa Moscow daga Brookfield Zoo a Chicago. An ba da rahoton maimaita yunƙurin matsi, amma har yanzu ba a sami ainihin kiwo ba.
A lokacin rani, ana iya ganin waɗannan kunkuru a cikin ɗakin buɗe ido kusa da terrarium, kuma a cikin hunturu, ana kiyaye ma'aura ɗaya a cikin Terrarium, na biyu kuma a cikin Tsarin Tsuntsayen Burtaniya da Butterflies.
Abincin yau da kullun na kunkuru ya ƙunshi adadin yawan tsire-tsire masu yawa (game da kilogram 12 a cikin hunturu da kilo 16 a lokacin rani (kabeji, karas, 'ya'yan itace, letas, ciyawa, fure, da sauransu) da kuma 1 kilogiram na abincin dabbobi (nama, ƙwai, kifi).
Jama'a da giwa
A shekara ta 1535, 'yan Sifen suka gano wani tsibiri a tekun Pacific, mai nisan kilomita 972 yamma da Ecuador. Akwai ƙwararrun kunkuru a cikin tsibiran sa har suka kira shi Tsibirin Galapagos (Spanish: Galpago - “kunkuru na ruwa"). A wancan zamani, yawan su ya wuce mutane 250,000.
Dangane da rubuce-rubucen matafiya na wadancan shekarun, manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe masu nauyin jiki ya kai kilogiram 400 da tsayin 180 cm ba to ba a saba ba.
Mutanen Spain sun fara amfani da su da farko a cikin abincin abincin gwangwani, kuma daga baya su samo mayi, wanda ake amfani da shi don magani da kayan kwaskwarima don sake farfado da fata. A yayin lalata kunkuru, werean fashin teku sun kasance an rarrabe su, waɗanda a cikin karni XVII-XVIII suna da nasu tushe a tsibiri. A ƙarni na 19, kifayen da suka kashe mata waɗanda suka zo don saka kwan kwai sun cutar da jama'a sosai.
A tsibirin Galapagos, karnukan feral, aladu da kuliyoyi kuma sun bayyana, suna cin ƙananan kunkuru. Jakai, awaki da berayen da aka kawo wa tsibiran ɓarnar kunkuru. Herbivores ya zauna a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe zuwa matsananciyar yunwa, a wasu lokutan yana cin ciyawar ciyayi.
A shekara ta 1974, kunkuru kunkuru 3,060 kawai. Don kiyaye ra'ayi, an kirkiri tashar kimiyya a tsibirin Santa Cruz, waɗanda ke tattara tarin ƙwayayen, daga baya kuma suka saki ƙananan yara. Godiya ga kokarin da aka yi, a ƙarshen shekarar 2009 adadinsu ya kai mutane 19,317.
Tsibirin Galapagos mallakar Ecuador ne. A tsibirin tsibirin da ba a zauna ba, gwamnatin Ekwador ta hana kame kunkuru a shekarar 1934, kuma a 1959 aka kafa National Park. Kiwon wucin gadinsu ya fara ne a shekarar 1965. Daga kunkuru 8 da aka kama, masanan ilmin halitta sun tattara tsari na farko na qwai kuma tare da taimakon mai fashewar ya sami kunkuru na farko "ta wucin gadi".
Halayyar
Twayoyin kunkuru suna jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Suna son tara inan karamin rukuni na mutane 20-30 kuma bas hi a cikin wuraren bushe-bushe da rana tare da ƙasa mai ba da wuta.
A lokacin rani, kunkuru ya bar ƙananan wurare kuma ya hau kan tudu mai cike da ciyayi. A lokacin damina, suna sauka cikin ƙasa mai laushi, an rufe ta da kyawawan tsire-tsire.
'Ya'yan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna yin tafiya iri daya a kowace rana daga tsara zuwa tsara, shirya lokaci-lokaci don cin abinci, shakatawa ko iyo iyo. A lokacin hutawa, sai ya zauna ya kashe kansa da kansa lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Kunkuru mai giwa yana gudu zuwa kilomita 4 a rana.
Tare da isowa daga duwatsun, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ɓoye a cikin rami a cikin ƙasa ko cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Suna jin mafi kyau a cikin laka na ruwa ko tafkunan silty. Dare a cikin tsibiran suna da sanyi, saboda haka zafi a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren ɗakunan ajiya ya daɗe.
Abubuwan da aka fi so game da Kattai shine naman m da ke daɗaɗɗun pears. Abunda ya samo ɗanɗano mai daɗin ci ko ganye mai daɗin ci, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna riƙe shi da dunƙulensu yana murza yanki kaɗan. Da farko dai, yanka tayin an yanke shi da kaifi mai kaifi, sannan kuma shafa da ja da harshen miya.
A lokacin rani, lokacin da danshi ke da wahalar samu, kunkuru ya fitar da ruwa ta hanyar cin cacti. Babban ajiyar fari yana ba shi damar tsira daga fari, wanda, lokacin rarrabuwa, ya ba da jikin ruwa.
A wata 'yar karamar hatsari, kunkuru ya ɓoye a cikin kewayenta, yana zanawa a cikin kafaɗunsa, wuyansa da kawunansu. Afa ƙafafun gaban gaba suna rufe kai, don haka diddigin kafafunsa ya ɓoye tazara tsakanin plastron da carapace.
Habitat
Wurin haifuwar thean Tatsun Galapagos a zahiri shine tsibirin Galapagos, wanda ruwan Tekun Pasifik ya wanke shi, sunansu yana fassara shi da “Turtle Island”. Hakanan ana iya samun Galapagos a cikin Tekun Indiya - a tsibirin Aldabra, amma a can waɗannan dabbobin basu isa girma mai girma.
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Rtoan wasan Galapagos suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi - saboda yanayin dumin yanayi a tsibirin akwai ɗan ciyayi. Don zama, suna zaɓar ƙananan kwari da bushes cike da wurare, kamar su ɓoye a cikin ɓoye na itace a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Kattai sun fi son wanka na laka zuwa hanyoyin ruwa; saboda wannan, waɗannan halittu masu kyau suna neman ramuka mai cike da ruwa kuma suna binne kansu a can da dukkan ƙananan jikinsu.
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Fasali da salon rayuwa
Dukkanin dabbobi masu rarrafe a rana suna ɓoye a cikin lokacin farin ciki kuma kusan ba sa barin mafakarsu. Da dare ne kawai zasu fita yawo. A cikin duhu, kunkuru ya kusan zama marasa taimako, saboda an rage jinsu da hangen nesa gabaɗaya.
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A lokacin damina ko fari, kwararan Galapagos na iya yin ƙaura daga wannan gari zuwa wani. A wannan lokacin, galibi mutane masu zaman kansu kan taru a kungiyan mutane 20-30, amma koda a cikin hadin kai suna da karancin hulda da juna kuma suna rayuwa tare. 'Yan'uwa suna son su ne kawai yayin tafiyar su.
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Lokacin cin amana yana faɗuwa a cikin watanni bazara, kwanciya kwai - a lokacin rani. Af, sunan na biyu a cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa yayin binciken rabin kashi na biyu, maza suna yin takamaiman sautunan mahaifa, mai kama da rowar giwa. Don samun wanda ya zaɓa, namiji yana yanka ta da dukkan ƙarfin sa tare da ajalinsa, idan kuwa wannan motsin ba shi da wani tasiri, to shi ma yana lalata da ita ta ƙafar kafafu har sai uwargidan zuciya ta faɗi tana kwance a cikin ƙafarta, don haka buɗe damar zuwa ga jikinka.
Dogara qwai Elean giwa tkuru a cikin ramuka na musamman, a cikin ɗayan kwanciya za'a iya samun ƙwai 20 zuwa girman girman wasan kwallon Tennis A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, kunkuru na iya haifuwa sau biyu a shekara. Bayan kwanaki 100-120, 'Ya'yan farkon suna fara fita daga cikin ƙwai, bayan haihuwa, nauyinsu bai wuce gram 80 ba. Matashi ya girma har zuwa lokacin balaga yana dan shekara 20-25, amma irin wannan doguwar ci gaba ba matsala bane, tunda tsawon rayuwar ƙattai - shekaru 100-122.
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Galapagos kunkuru.
Pan wasan Galapagos yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsuntsayen kunkuru guda biyu: tsayin dakarsa zai iya kaiwa 122 cm tare da nauyin jikin mutum ya kai kilogiram 300. A cikin al'ummomin giwayen kunkuru daban-daban, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin girman da sifar harsashi. Akwai zaton cewa dola mai kama da doki zai ba da damar kunkuru ya mamaye ciyayi mai yawa kuma ya sami mafaka a wurin.
Phawayoyi urtayoyi suna daidaita a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma suna da kullun lokacin aiki na jima'i. Mace sun kwanta har ƙwai 22 na kusan sifar mara lafiyan, tare da nisan 5-6 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai 70 g.
Bayan da Turawa suka gano Galapagos, sai aka fara amfani da tan kunkuru kamar yadda "abincin gwangwani" - ana sanya su cikin ramuka, inda zasu iya kasancewa na tsawon watanni ba tare da ruwa da abinci ba. Yin hukunci da rubutattun labaran mujallu, kifi 79 ne kawai na tsawon shekaru 36 a tsakiyar karni na 19 ya cire kunkuru 10,373 daga tsibirin. Gabaɗaya, a cikin ƙarni na XVII-XVIII, kamar yadda ɗakunan ajiya ke shaida, kunkuru kunkuru phaayafa miliyan 10, ban da haka, a tsibirin Charles da Barington, sun ɓace gaba ɗaya, yayin da a wasu kuma kusan sun mutu.
Phaan maraƙi kunkuru
Toato mafi girman ƙasa a duniya shine giwa kunkuru. Ita kuma ana kiranta Galapagos kunkurutunda yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga tsibirin Galapagos. Wannan tsibiri ne mai yawan wutar lantarki wanda ke cikin yankin gabashin gabashin tekun Pacific mai nisan kilomita 970 daga gabar Ecuador. Ya ƙunshi manyan tsibiran 13. Amma kunkuru mai girma yana rayuwa ne kawai a 7. A cikin Turai, an koya musu game da su a cikin karni na 16, lokacin da masarautan Spanish suka gano tsibiran.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Tsarin kiwo yana faruwa a cikin shekara, amma yana da kololuwan yanayi wanda ke faruwa a watan Fabrairu - Yuni kuma yayi daidai da lokacin damina. A lokacin kiwo, maza suna shirya gwagwarmaya ta al'ada. Suna yin karo da juna, suna tsaye a ƙafafunsu na baya, suna buɗe wuyansu, suna buɗe bakinsu. A lokaci guda, namiji da ke da girma dabam ya dawo ya kuma cedes da haƙƙin abokin aure ga wanda ya fi girma.
Ana samun wuraren da ke kusa da wuraren bushe a cikin yashi. Mace suna shirya sheƙansu ƙwai ta hanyar tono sandar da kafafunsu na baya. Don kwanaki da yawa suna tono ramuka masu zagaye tare da diamita na cm cm 8. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren. A cikin kama akwai yawanci sau 16. Suna da sifa mai siffar zobe, kuma a cikin girman kwai ya dace da ƙwallon billiard. A saman ƙwai, mace tana zubar da yashi da fitsari da kanta. Bayan wannan ya bar masonry don sanyawa. A cikin kakar, mace na iya sa daga cuku 1 zuwa 4.
Zazzabi yana da matukar mahimmanci yayin shiryawa. Idan ya yi ƙasa, to akwai ƙarin maza ƙyanƙyashe, idan kuma ya yi girman, to, an haife mata ne. Tan kunkuru na barin sheƙarsu bayan watanni 4-8. Suna auna 50 g tare da tsawon jikin mutum na tsawon cm 6. cuban sandar ƙyallen ƙyallen kyar dole ne ya fashe zuwa saman. Za su yi nasara idan ƙasa ta jike. Amma idan ya bushe kuma ya taurare, to sai kunkuru maroki ya mutu.
Cutar da matasa sama da shekaru 10-15. Ya zama lokacin jima'i a shekaru 20-25. A cikin daji, kunkuru ya kasance shekaru fiye da 100 suna zaune. Amma cikin zaman talala, tsawon rayuwa zai iya kai shekaru 150. Mashahurin sanannen sanannen dako ne mai suna Harriet. Ta mutu a shekara ta 2006 a gidan kallo na Australiya. A lokacin mutuwa, shekarunta sun kasance shekara 170.
Kunkuru mai tsayi
Mai daukar rikodin mai rakodin shine ana ɗauka shine toan Rago Garietta, wanda Charles Darwin ya kawo shi daga tsibirin Galapagos zuwa Biritaniya a 1835. Kunkuru shine girman farantin, don haka suka yanke shawarar cewa an haifeshi ne a shekarar 1830.
A shekara ta 1841, ta isa lambun Botanic na Brisbane a Australia. Tun daga 1960, ta rayu a gidan zu Australia. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2005, Australiya ta yi bikin haihuwar ta 175th. Weimhed "jariri" 150 kilogiram.
A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 2006, wata mata da ta daɗe ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya daga rashin zuciya.
