Sandpiper (Charadrii) babban tsuntsu ne daga babban tsari na Charadriiformes. Ya haɗu da iyalai 10 da kuma nau'ikan 214 na tabar wiwi.
Sunan Latin: | Charadrii |
Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Fasali: | Tsuntsaye |
Squad: | Alamar Haraji |
Suborder: | Mawakan |
Duba: | Sandpiper |
Tsayin Jikin: | 15-62 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 10-30 cm |
Wingspan | 20-65 cm |
Weight: | 30-1300 g |
Bayanin
Sandpiper a ruwa
Sandpiper shine wakili mafi girma na tsuntsaye masu ruwa da ruwa kusa da ruwa. Warfin jikin mayafin yana cikin giram na 30-1300, tsawon jikin mutum ya kai santimita 62. Wingspan - 65 santimita. Mazaunan ƙasar.
Bayyanar
Sandpiper don tafiya
Dukkanin waders a waje sun bambanta da juna, musamman girma. Don haka wasu nau'ikan sandboxes na nauyin gram 30-60, yayin da yawan manyan curle ya wuce kilogram ɗaya. An bambanta Sandpipers ta tsarin gemu da kafafu, tsawon fuka-fukan da wutsiya. Idan masu maganin gargajiya suna da dogo masu tsayi da madaidaiciya, to sandboxes suna da gajerun tsummoki da kawaye. Sandpiper beak yana aiki a matsayin kayan aikin neman abinci. Tsarin baki ya dogara da nau'in abincin da sandpiper yake ci. Plovers suna da ɗan gajeren baki, suna kauri a ƙarshen, wanda suke tara abinci daga ƙasa. A cikin yashi, beak na bakin ciki, mai lankwasa. Tare da taimakonsa, tsuntsu ya sami abinci daga kasan tafki.
Abubuwan yan sandpi biyu a cikin ƙasa
Maƙarƙashiya - masu madaidaiciyar ƙafafu, amma ƙwalla suna motsawa a takaice kafafu. Kafafu biyu na yatsun hannu guda hudu ne, yatsan na baya baya kyau sosai. Launin launin launuka da sanduna na sanduna suna da membranes tsakanin yatsunsu waɗanda suke daidai da tsuntsayen ruwa. Gashin wutsiyar ƙarancin gajeran ne, mai ɗaukar hoto. Fuka fikaffi suna da fadi da kuma tsawo.
Kulik ya nemi abinci a fadama
W aders have have w w waru suna da launi mai canza launi. Yawancin nau'in waɗannan tsuntsayen ana fentin su da launuka masu haske, masu launuka masu kyau. Misali, a cikin turukhtans, launuka masu launuka iri daban-daban sun hada da baki, rawaya, ocher, ja da fari, gashin fuka-fukai wadanda aka yiwa kambi a rana a cikin mayir, shunayya da shuɗi launuka. Abubuwan al'ajabin, gumakan, da bunnies suna daɗaɗan hoto - babban ɓangaren jikin ana zane shi a launi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da alam baki da launin ruwan kasa. A wasu nau'ikan gizagizai, fuka-fukin yana da launi mai banbanci: gwal mai launin zinare yana da gashin baya wanda aka sanya shi da ratsin bakin ciki na bakin ciki, gashin fuka-fukan a baya sun baki ne, kuma akan wuyan wuyan ciki da bakin ciki, a jikin mabubbuga, akasin haka, ciki ya yi baki, wuya ta yi fari, kuma murfin baya an rufe shi da fararen fata , sandpiper-magpie a launi yayi kama da talakawa magpie. Ana amfani da Sandpipers ta yanayin ƙwayar cuta mai lalacewa: a cikin kaka-lokacin hunturu, sautunan launin toka da launin ruwan kasa a bayan baya sun mamaye launi, ciki fari, baƙar fata da gashin jan suna bayyana a cikin bazara da bazara, ƙananan ƙoshin jiki suna samun tabarau masu ƙamshi mai haske.
Me manyan dakaru ke ci?
Sandpiper ya ci kifi
Sandpipers suna ciyar da dabbobin da ba su iyawa - dabbobi masu ruwa da kwari, larvae, tsutsotsi, ɓawon burodi, ɓarna. Abincin cincin gwiwa ya hada da irin ƙwaro da ƙwari. 'Yan damfara suna cin kwari, tumatir da iri, turukhtans suna cin crustaceans, lizards, ciyawar ciyawa da amfanin gona. Manyan nau'ikan tituna (manyan katantanwa, masu maganin gargajiya) suna ciyar da kifi da kwaɗi. A cikin zaman talala, an ciyar da mayaƙan hatsi tare da hatsi, tsaba da 'ya'yan itacen tsirrai, hatsi da gero.
Sandpiper - tsuntsu mai ƙaura ko a'a
Hoton sandpiper a cikin jirgin sama
Sandpipers tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura. Ana cire tsuntsaye masu ƙauna daga wuraren da suke farauta tare da isowar sanyi na farko. Sandpipers da ke zaune a Rasha sun tashi daga hunturu a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. Wasashen Turai sun ƙaura zuwa kudu a ƙarshen Oktoba.
Sandpipers na tashi don hunturu kan nesa mai nisa. Wasu daga cikinsu hunturu a kilomita dubu 11 daga gidansu. Tsuntsaye sukan tashi cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma garken 10-20 nau'i-nau'i. Suna tashi da dare, suna hutawa da rana.
Sandpiper na gab da tashi
Mazaunan Siber hunturu a Ostiraliya da New Zealand, mazaunan Alaska a Argentina, tauraron Turai a Afirka ta Kudu da Madagascar.
Yankin
Sandpiper kusa da fadama
Sandpipers suna zaune a duniya, ban da Antarctica. Sandboxes suna zama a cikin Far North da Alaska, kusa da bakin Tekun Arctic, a Siberiya da Chukotka. Snipes suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu tazara da yanayin Eurasia, Iceland, da Ireland. Yankunan da ke kwance a karkara suna zaune ne a Kudancin Turai, yayin da kwararon bakin haure ke zaune a Scandinavia, Yankin Moscow da Urals. Turukhtans suna kashe lokacin bazara a cikin Tsibirin Biritaniya da kuma Scandinavia. Curlews gida a Arewacin Amurka da Chukotka. Abubuwa iri-iri na zomo suna zaune a Amurka da Eurasia. Wa] ansu masu plovers suna zaune a bakin gabar gabar Kogin Amazon a Yankin Latin.
Hoto na mazaunin yan sandpiper
A Rasha, nau'in wakar 75 na zaune. Gabas ta Tsakiya ta kasance da zuiks, cinya da katako, manyan gida da ƙananan fuloti a cikin Primorye, da kuma wuraren duba dabbobi na Ussuri a Altai. Wakilan dan sandbox din suna zaune a Yankin Arewa. A kudu na kasar sun zauna da magpie, magpie, sickleak, da shilokluvka da sauran wasu zuriyoyin iyayen gizan.
Habitat
Sandpiper a cikin fadama
Sandpipers suna kusa da tsuntsayen ruwa. Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan kwari mai zurfi a tsakiyan ciyawar daji. Sandpipers suna zaune a bakin gabar koguna, tafkuna, tekuna. Wasu nau'in wakar suna zaune a kan filayen da aka noma, a cikin tundra mai yiwuwa, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura, jeri. Akwai adersan wasan tsubbuka: gandun katako da baƙar fata a cikin gandun daji. Ga mafi yawan tauraruwar hannu, samun ruwa kusa da wurin da ake yin fure yana da mahimmanci, amma akwai nau'ikan tabar wiwi (alal misali, gidan zomo, avdotki, masu gudu) waɗanda suke jin daɗin zama a wuraren da ba kowa ciki.
Rayuwa
'Yan sandar guda biyu suna neman abinci a cikin fadama
Sandpipers sune tsuntsaye masu aiki. Suna gudana da kyau a ƙasa, tashi da sauri, iyo da kyau kuma nutsewa. Iesan mulkin mallakar da aka fito dashi suna rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i na 15-20. Kuma yayin jirgin sama mai nisa, suna yin asarar dubunnan garkuna.
Sandpipers suna amfani da lokaci don neman abinci, suna tafiya cikin lazily tare da magudanar ruwa tare da tono ƙasa mai laka tare da gemu. Wani lokacin suna magana da juna cikin natsuwa. Adersauraruwan tsuntsaye ne masu son zaman lafiya da ƙauna. Yaƙe-yaƙe da alamun nuna ƙaranci suna faruwa a manyan bindiga.
Hoto na Sandpiper
Koyaya, yayin shayarwa, tsuntsayen suna zama masu tayar da hankali. Kare brood daga dabbobin da suka bayyana a yankunansu, majiyoyin suna nuna jaruntaka da rashin tsoro. Don korar baƙon da ba a gayyata ba, tsuntsaye sukan taru a gungun jama'a su kai masa hari, wani lokacin ma har suna mutuwa.
Sandpipers sun dawo daga hunturu a watan Afrilu, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. A cikin yankuna na kudanci (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan) sun bayyana a watan Maris, a cikin Ukraine - a ƙarshen kwanakin Maris, a Yankin Moscow - a watan Afrilu, a Yakutia - a tsakiyar Mayu. Nan da nan dawowar, sai aka haɗa dabbobin su kuma suka fara gina gida.
Kiwo
Sandpiper namiji
Maza sune farkon waɗanda suka isa daga hunturu. Bayan sun kware, sun fara yin dabbar ta hanyar canjin - dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi wacce ke ba da gudummawa ga jan hankalin mata. Jirgin sama na maza yana faruwa ne a sama. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsu yana buɗe fuka-fukansa da wutsiyarsa sararin samaniya, yana yin sauti mai rarrabe zuciya. Da farko, yashi ya hau kai tsaye zuwa sama, daga nan sai ya faɗi “dutsen”, yayi ruwa sama da ƙasa. A cikin jirgin, mace ta shiga cikin namiji, mating yana faruwa. Lokacin da suke balaga, tsuntsaye suna ihu "tika-tika" ko "bayan duka." Sandpipers suna zaune ware yayin lokacin kiwo, amma wasu, kamar suma da cinya, sun gwammace su wanzu a mazauna da kuma kananan yankuna.
Matar Sandpiper
Marubutan suna nuna halayen nau'ikan iri na matsi. A wasu nau'ikan nau'in zuiks da gurnani, polyandry ya zama ruwan dare - mace na sanya maƙaƙa sau 2-3 daga maza daban, kuma kowane namiji yana ƙyanda zuriya. Sandpipers, sandpipers, godwits da curlews suna da yawa, kuma turukhtans tsuntsaye ne masu yawa (mata suna kyankyasar kuma suna kula da zuriyarsu da kansu).
Gwanin Sandpiper
Sandpiper ya gina gida
Mace na tsunduma cikin aikin ginin gida. Gurasar sandpiper wani yanki ne mai cike da murfin kofi a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar ciyayi mai ciyayi. Wasu nau'ikan sandpiper suna layi a ƙasa na tare da bushe bushe, amma sandpipers yawanci suna sanya ƙwai a ƙasa. A wasu lokatai sarakuna sukan mamaye ciyawar itace ta sauran tsuntsayen.
Qwai na Sandpiper
Hoton ƙwai na sandpiper
A ƙarshen watan Afrilu, wata mata sandpiper ta sanya ƙwayau huɗu masu siffar shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da launuka masu yawa masu launin shuɗi daban-daban. Babban nauyin kwai shine 60-80 grams. Chingyancin ƙiyayya yana da kwanaki 21. Duk wannan lokacin, mace tana zaune a gida, yayin da namiji zai kawo abinci. Yankin dajin yake samarwa shine arewa, daga baya kajin ya bayyana. Don haka, gizagizai waɗanda ke zaune a Turai suna ƙwai da ƙwayarsu a watan Afrilu, mazaunan Yankin Moscow suna a cikin Mayu, lokacin balaguron dajin daga Taimyr Peninsula ya faɗi a tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Kayan kaji
Hoton wani karen yashi
Ana haihuwar kyankyasai, masu gani. A rana ta biyu ta rayuwa, sun fara tafiya, kuma bayan sati daya suka bar gida kuma suka sami nasu abincin. A cikin watan kajin na da magabtansu na yau da kullun. Lokacin bazara na farko, ana kiyaye san sandar. Tsuntsayen manya suna koyar da kajin su farauta da ɓoye idan akwai haɗari. Lokacin da dabbar daji ta bayyana, mace ko sandpiper dinta ta kama ɗan mara ta wuya kuma a hankali tana canja shi zuwa wuri mai lafiya akan gardi. A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, yara kanana sukazo ga balaga, sun zama manya kuma a shirye suke su kirkiro dangin nasu.
Sandpiper kusa da ruwa
A cewar masana ilimin halittar dabbobi, 214 nau'in wakar suna zaune a cikin daji. Kimanin rabi na tabar wiwi an jera su a cikin International Red Book. Yawan hollows, sandpipers, shebur, curlews, tirpes, kuma rattles suna raguwa a hankali. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ana farautar dakaru a ƙasashe da yawa. A Rasha, an haramta farautar wadannan tsuntsayen, amma masu ba da fataucin sun tsunduma cikin harbinsu duk shekara. An jera nau'ikan 11 a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Jerin sun hada da shiloklyuvki, launin rawaya, yashi, sandpipers magpies, hollow dutsen da kuma curlew baby.
An tsara masu baƙaƙen gida zuwa cikin iyalai 10, kowannensu ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa.
Ulite (Tringa)
Ulit zaune a kan ginshiƙi
Bayyananniya: Tsuntsayen firam-mai yawa. Tsarin jiki 300-400 grams, tsawon - 21-31 santimita. Yawancin ƙananan talla suna fentin launin shuɗi tare da fari da baki.
Rarraba: nau'ikan tsuntsaye 10 da ke zaune a Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka suna cikin tituna. Titunan gida a bankunan reservoirs a cikin tundra, gandun daji da kuma steppes.
Siffofi: yayin tafiya, tsuntsayen suna rusuna kamar yadda suke tare da dukkan jikinsu.
- dandy,
- maganin gargajiya,
- mai ba da izini
- babban katantanwa
- Okhotsk snail
- m katantanwa
- Hermit Snail
- Kalar
- Fifi
- Amurka ash
- ash
- membranous cochlea.
Godwits (Limosa)
Hoton godwit a kan katako
Bayyananniya: manyan tsuntsayen marsh tare da doguwar kauri, kauri a ƙarshe, beak mai lankwasa ƙasa da dogayen kafafu Sun yi kama da pigeons a cikin girma. Tsayin jiki 20 santimita, nauyi - 250-350 grams. Tsarin hunturu na tsuntsaye yana da dusar ƙwaya-launin ruwan sanyi; a lokacin bazara, tabarau masu launin ja sun bayyana.
Rarraba: abubuwan bautar Allah suna zaune ne a cikin yankunan Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, da Rasha. Tsuntsayen kan yi kaura a Kudancin Turai, Afirka, kudu maso gabas Asiya da Ostiraliya.
Godwit cikin ruwa
Siffofin: rayuwa ta alfarma kusa da tafkunan makarantu. Tare da rage fadama a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan manyan dunkule ya ragu. Wannan nau'in yana kusan kusa da mai rauni.
- babban godwit
- Kanad baba allah,
- karamin godwit,
- hange godwit.
Curlews (Numenius)
Kronshep a cikin jeji
Bayyananniya: curlews sune siririn tsuntsaye tare da doguwar baki mai zurfi a kasa. Girman jiki - 900-1500 gram, tsawon - har zuwa santimita 65, fuka-fuki - 90-100 santimita. Launin launin shuhuda shine m da launin shuɗi da baki. A cikin manyan canje-canje da na matsakaici, ƙananan baya yana fari.
Rarraba: Curlews suna rayuwa ne a yankuna masu lalacewa a cikin arewacin Turai. Mafi girman nau'ikan tsuntsaye a Rasha ana lura da su a Kyrgyzstan da kuma gabar gabashin bakin tekun na Baikal. Lewararruwar hunturu a kudu na Asiya da Australia.
Kronshep a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi
Siffofin: curlews yi iyo sosai, jirgin yayi kaifi, ruwa. Lokacin tashin jiragen sama na hunturu, tsuntsaye sukan taru a cikin babban garken kuma suna samar da weji, wanda ba alamu ba ne ga manyan almara.
- Curlew,
- Mai ruɓe baki,
- Yankin Tsakanin gabashin,
- Curlew, jariri,
- Curlew,
- Tahitian curlew,
- bakin ciki mai rufe fuska
- Eskimo Curlew.
Sandboxes (Calidris)
Hoton Sandbox
Bayyananniya: tsuntsayen da ke da m jiki, gajerun kafafu da gajere na baki baki. Tsarin jikin mutum ya kai gram 700, tsawon - 25-28 santimita. Partashin jikin mutum yana da ƙuna, kai, baya, fuka-fuki da wutsiya launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi. A cikin lokacin matsi, sautuna masu launin ja da jan suna bayyana a launi.
Rarraba: Gida sandbox a cikin tsaunukan Arctic da tsaunin Subarctic. An samo shi a gefen Tekun Arctic, a Gabas Siberiya da Far East. Dunlin ya zauna da tundra ta Arewacin Amurka, a Scotland, ban da farauta a Sakhalin, tsibirin Kuril, Kamchatka. Teku, Beringian da fararen sanduna masu launin fari-suna zaune a Scandinavia da tsibirin Aleutian.
Siffofin: Sandboxes suna jagorantar salon rayuwa mai ɓoye, abin shiru. Abincin tsuntsayen ya hada da abubuwanda ke rayuwa a saman ruwa.
- babban akwati
- Sandlandar Sandland
- karamin sandbox
- sandpiper,
- sandar jariri
- dunlin,
- jan baki mai wuya,
- yatsun yatsun kafa
- buhu
- kwaro,
- akwatin ruwan teku
- sandar canadian
- Makarfi
- Saka sandbox
- shebur
- ja,
- sandpiper
Turukhtan (Philomachus pugnax)
Yana kama da turukhtan tsuntsu
Bayyananniya: Turukhtans suna da dogayen kafafu da gemu, jiki mai santsi. Girman tsuntsu shine gram 800-120, tsawonsa santimita 55 ne. Turukhtans suna da launi mai launi, wanda a ciki akwai launuka, rawaya, shuɗi, tabarau masu launin ja. A waje da lokacin mating, launin launi na alkalami ya ragu. A cikin bazara, kwalayen gashin tsuntsu da kunnuwa suna bayyana a cikin maza.
Rarraba: turukhtans - tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, gida a cikin wurare masu laima a arewacin Eurasia. Masu cin nasara a Kudancin Turai, Afirka ta Kudu, Asiya da Ostiraliya. Yayin hijira, ana kiyaye tsuntsaye a cikin garken. A wuraren nishaɗin, an kafa dubunnan ikon mallakar tsuntsaye.
Feature: Turukhtans sanannu ne ga yanayin tashin hankali, halayyar tashin hankali. Mummunan gwagwarmaya suna faruwa koyaushe tsakanin tsuntsaye, suna ƙare da mutuwar mai halarta mai rauni.
Snipe (Gallinago)
Kwana kan tabkin
Bayyananniya: Tsuntsaye masu launin fata tare da gajerun kafafu, doguwar kauri da dogon baki. Tsawon jiki har zuwa santimita 50, nauyi - 800-1000 grams. Plarfin ciki da kirji fari, ɓangare na sama yana ɗauri. Dogo biyu fararen fata suna tare da rawanin kuma a ɓangarorin baya.
Rarraba: maharbi yana zaune a cikin latitude latin Eurasia, Iceland, Arewacin Amurka, Burtaniya mai girma. A zahiri, ana samun nau'in a tsibirin Azores da Faroe. Yankin Yarinyar overwinter a Kudancin Turai, Asiya, Afirka.
Snipe yana neman abinci
Siffofin: snoring ana halin halin yanzu - wannan wani jirgi ne mai tsayi a tsaye zuwa tsawan mita 100, sannan saurin faɗi ƙasa. Yayin da ake halin yanzu, tsuntsayen sun yi aure. A yayin jirgin, fikafikan girgiza mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba yana haifar da sauti mai kama da zukar rago.
- tsaunin dutse
- gandun daji
- babban maharbi,
- maharbi,
- tafarnuwa noodles
- herni gurnani
- katako
A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 1950, Grigory Kulik, wanda ya yiwa tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet Soviet sananne, ba don nasarorin nasa mai nasara bane a fagen fama, amma don sake koma baya. An lalata Kulik sau biyu, an rasa dukkan lambobin yabo, an kori shi daga jam'iyyar.
Grigory Kulik an haife shi ne a lardin Poltava a cikin iyalin talakawa a shekarar 1890. Samu ilimin firamare. Daga baya, bayan juyin juya halin, ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ɗan saurayi ne yana da alaƙa da wasu masu neman sauyi da taimaka musu a ayyukan ƙasa, amma ya yi asara har ma don rarrabe ra'ayoyinsu na siyasa.
A shekara 22, an tura shi cikin sojojin.Sakamakon kasancewar ilimi, ba a tura shi wurin infantan jarirai ba, sai dai harbin bindiga. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ya juya sosai tare da Kulik. A lokacin juyin-juya hali, yana da lakabin manyan ayyukan wasan wuta - wannan shi ne babban jami'in da ba kwamandan da aka nada a fagen daga.
Gunners koyaushe sunyi ƙoƙari don zaɓar daga waɗannan ƙwararrun waɗanda suka kasance masu zurfin tunani. Kuma a cikin jami’an da ba kwamiti ba wawaye ba za su taba sanya gaba ba. Don haka dole ne mu yarda cewa tabbas Kulik yana da baiwa. Wani abin kuma shi ne cewa a lokacin juyin-juya hali ya isa ga gidansa. Babban aikin wuta - wannan shine matsakaicin da mutumin da ke da ilimin firamare zai iya dogaro dashi ba tare da samun horo na soja ba. Wataƙila, bayan yakin, Kulik zai iya samun ilimi da jami'in epaulettes, amma akwai juyin juya hali. Akwai kawai babu bukatar koya. Me yasa za'a ɓoye wani abu a wurin, idan zaka iya zaɓar gefen dama kuma a cikin al'amuran makonni na ci gaba daga manyan kwamandoji da ba kwamandoji ba.
Tandem tare da Voroshilov
Kulik yayi haka. Da yake mutum ne mai rai da harshen da aka dakatar, sai ya faɗa cikin sigar juyin. Yayi magana a tarukan sojoji, an zabe shi ga kwamitocin sojoji wadanda suka taso bayan dimokiradiyya ta sojoji. Kulik ya fara hanzari zuwa hannun hagu kuma a lokacin bazara ya goyi bayan dabarun tunani na Bolsheviks.
Bayan rushewar ƙarshe na sojojin, tare da kwantar da tarzoma, Kulik ya dawo gida ya sanya rundunarsa ta sojoji daga kwanan nan. Sa'an nan kuma ya kasance gaye sosai. Musamman ta fuskar yaƙin da ke zuwa na gaba da kowa. Bayan an gama zaman lafiya na Brest kuma Bolsheviks sun amince su tura Ukraine zuwa Jamus, rukunin Jamusawa sun shiga wurin.
Yankunan da ke daɗaɗa da ƙananan rabe-rabe sun fara barin zuwa Rasha, inda tuni aka fara yakin basasa. Rikicin Kulik yana da alaƙa da wasu kama-kama na kama-kama, wanda a cikin Afrilu 1918 aka kafa rundunar 5, Voroshilov ya jagoranci.
Ko ta yaya, sojojin babbar magana ce. A zahiri, babu sojoji fiye da dubu 3. Yarda da Voroshilov ya zama mahimmanci ga Kulik. Voroshilov bashi da kwarewar jagoranci a soja kuma gaba daya mai goyon bayan sojojin bangare ne, amma yana da babbar dangantaka a Moscow.
Tunda dai Voroshilov bai amince da jami'an tsarist din ba, yana neman kwararrun manyan bindigogi daga cikin talakawa ko wadanda ba sa kwamiti. Da yake yasan Kulik babban jami'in kashe gobara ne, har ma ya samo asali, amma ba tare da tunani mai yawa ya nada shi shugaban ayyukan sojojin ba.
Wannan farkon mafarin abota ne. Voroshilov a cikin harkokin soji, musamman ma a irin wannan takamaiman mai harbin bindiga, ba a fahimta sosai, saboda haka Kulik, wanda ya dauki babban kwararre, ya aminta da shi. Sun fara aiki a cikin tandem, Kulik ko'ina yana biye da Voroshilov kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai harba bindiga a duk sojojin Voroshilov - na 5, 10 da 14th. Daga baya, lokacin da Voroshilov ya shiga Kwamitin Soja na juyin juya hali na babban rundunar Reds - rundunar sojan 1, ya nace cewa wanda ya fi so shi ne Kulik ya zama shugaban rundunonin sojojin.
A Tsaritsyno, Voroshilov da Kulik sun kare garin tare da Stalin, inda mutanen biyun da suka gabata suka hadu. Stalin, kamar Voroshilov, ya kasance yana nuna wariya ga ƙwararrun sojoji (manyan hafsoshin sojojin tsarist), don haka Kulik Voroshilov ya amince da zaɓin.
Zamanin da ya gudana tsakanin yaƙin duniya biyu ya zama na Kulik ainihin mai ba da sanda. Madadin yanayin barga da ci gaba a hankali na yanayin soja, ko dai ya tashi mai girma, ko ya faɗi.
Trotsky yana da ƙima game da gwaninta na Kulik kuma ya fi son yin cin nasara akan jami'an sojan da suka shiga cikin Bolsheviks daga cikin masana soja. Duk da yake ya kasance a shugabancin rundunar sojan Sama, Kulik ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban manyan bindigogi a Yankin soja na Caucasus ta Arewa kuma da kyar ya dogara da komai.
Amma bayan Trotsky ya sami damar sauka daga mukamin nasa, Kulik, tare da taimakon Stalin da Voroshilov, wadanda suka sami ƙarfi, suka koma matsayin mataimakin babban hafsan soja na Red Army. Bayan Voroshilov ya zama Commissar don Soja da Harkokin Sojojin ruwa, an nada Kulik a matsayin shugaban Daraktan Artillery na Red Army.
Bayan haka, bayan shekaru uku sai aka sake tura shi zuwa ga kwamandan runduna, sannan aka tura shi gaba daya ga darussan Makarantar Soja a karkashin mahallin cewa ba shi da ilimin manya. Kuma bayan kammala karatun, sai aka tura shi ya umarci gawawwakin.
A cikin 1935, tare da gabatarwar mukamai a cikin rundunar, Kulik ya karbi kwamandan ne kawai, kodayake Voroshilov nan da nan ya zama marshal. Har zuwa 1937, ya ba da umarnin gawar da hutu don tafiya zuwa Spain a matsayin mai ba da shawara na soja. Bayan dawowarsa, a dalilin nacewar Stalin, an sake nada shi shugaban Daraktan Artillery.
Irin waɗannan canzawa a cikin aikin Kulik suma suna da alaƙa da gwagwarmayar ƙabilar soja biyu mafi tasiri. Voroshilov da Tukhachevsky, masu adawa da juna, sun yi fada don jan hankalin Stalin. Baya ga tausayawa mutum da tsofaffin maganganun, ya kasance wata tambaya game da dabarun haɓaka sojoji don yaƙe-yaƙe na gaba. Kulik ya danganta Voroshilov, wanda zai iya fahimta, ya ba da dadewa da kusancin su. Amma mutanen Tukhachevsky sun bi da Kulik da sakaci ba da kulawa ba. Uborevich, wanda ya sami damar samun mukami na biyu kafin juyin juya halin, ya yi masa nasiha da “wasan wuta” (da aka ambaci sunan wasan wuta), da Yakir, a cewar Kulik, har ma sun ki maraba da shi.
A ɗan lokaci, Stalin ya jira, yana zaɓa tsakanin mafi ƙwarewar Tukhachevsky da mafi aminci Voroshilov, amma a ƙarshe ya zaɓi aminci. An lalata dangin Tukhachevsky. Koyaya, Kulik bai kasance mai kishin musamman game da tsarkakan sojojin ba har ma ya sanya da hankali ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa purges zai iya raunana sojojin.
Ko da ya ke, wannan sabon lamari ne ya ba shi damar daga karshe ya kafa kansa a tsakanin manyan hafsoshin rundunar sojan. A cikin 1939, ya zama mataimakin kwamishinan tsaro na Voroshilov. A wannan shekarar, a cikin rikici tsakanin Khalkhin-Gol, an bai wa Kulik damar damar yin fice. Ya isa wurin a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Zhukov kan manyan bindigogi.
Koyaya, kwarewar ba ta yi nasara ba. Shi da Zhukov ba su yarda nan da nan ba, Zhukov, wanda aka aiko daga Moscow, ya fusata Kulik da shawarar da bai dace ba, kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai ƙararsa game da Voroshilov, wanda ya tuno da mataimakinsa.
Mafi kyawun sa'a na Kulik shine Yakin Soviet-Finnish. Babban mahimmin matsayi a cikin lalacewa ta hanyar ingantaccen layin Mannerheim an buga shi ta hanyar manyan bindigogi. An baiwa Kulik kyautar tauraron ofan Soviet na Soviet kuma ya sami taken Marshal.
A karshen shekarar 1939, jami'an NKVD suka sace matar ta biyu, Kulik, Kira Simonich. An tsare ta ba tare da takardar sammaci da shari'a a kurkukun Sukhanovskaya, sannan sai ta harbe ta bisa precast cewa ita 'yar ƙididdigar mutanen Serbian ce kuma a yawancin lokuta tana magana da baƙon' yan kasashen waje. Koyaya, Kulik (wanda bai san labarin ƙaddararsa ba) ba da daɗewa ba ya auri budurwar budurwarsa, wanda ya kasance shekaru 32 da haihuwa.
Karo na biyu na kararrawa na Kulik ya tashi a gabanin yakin. A ranar 14 ga Yuni, aka cire shi daga mukamin shugaban kungiyar ta GAU, kuma an kama mataimakinsa Savchenko daga baya kuma aka kashe shi. Koyaya, har yanzu ba'a yi barazanar Kulik ba.
A rana ta biyu na yakin an aika shi cikin gaggawa zuwa hedikwatar kungiyar ta Western Front. Bayan haka, marshal ya ɓace har sati biyu. Sai kawai a farkon Yuli ne ya zama sananne cewa saboda rikice-rikicen da ya yi a cikin sojojin, ya rasa hanyar sa, an zagaye shi kuma ya fita zuwa wurin nasa saboda ya watsar da takardu, ya ɓoye umarni kuma ya canza zuwa juji. Wannan ya ba Stalin labarin, kuma bai gamsu da halayen Kulik ba. Wataƙila, wannan lamari ya shafi gaskiyar cewa an bayar da umarnin A'a 270 a watan Agusta, wanda kwamandojin da suka rushe insignia kuma suka koma baya an ayyana su masu ƙaura ne kuma an yanke musu hukuncin harbe su a daidai, kuma ana tsare da danginsu.
Bayan haka, an tura Kulik zuwa Leningrad Front don yin umarni ga Runduna ta 54. Kwamandan gaba Zhukov (a wannan lokacin, janar din soja ne kawai, a lokacin, wanda ya kasance yana da matsayi mai daraja fiye da Kulik) ya nace cewa sojojin su hanzarta kai harin. Kulik ya nemi morean ƙarin kwanaki don shirya, amma Zhukov da Stavka sun nace da nasu. Sakamakon haka, mummunan shirin da aka shirya bai yi nasara ba. Ya kamata a sani cewa laifin Kulik a cikin wannan gazawar ba yanke hukunci bane. Koyaya, an cire shi daga mukaminsa tare da lafazin "ba ya jimre wa aikin da aka ba shi."
An aika Kulik zuwa Rostov-on-Don don ƙirƙirar sojoji don kare garin. Amma 'yan kwanaki daga baya suka ƙaura zuwa Kerch, wanda ya zama fadinsa. Da ya iso cikin gari, ya karɓi umarnin hedikwatar hedikwatar don kiyaye shi akan farashin kowane asara. Koyaya, an sami cikakken rugujewar mulki a Kerch, ɓangarorin da suke akwai sun sha asara mai yawa a cikin fadace-fadace, sun karaya kuma ba da daɗewa ba. Ganin halin da ake ciki, Kulik ya ba da umarnin barin garin ya koma zuwa Tsibirin Taman don shirya tsaro a wurin. Bayan haka, ya tafi Rostov, wanda kuma aka bar shi kwanaki kaɗan. Koyaya, nan da nan aka sake shi.
Amma tuni aka sake kiran Kulik zuwa Moscow. Shi da kansa ya tabbatar da cewa ya yi abin da ya dace, bayan ya tantance halin da ake ciki kai tsaye a kan wurin, kuma zai yi wa Stalin bayanin komai. Koyaya, baiyi la'akari da lokacin ba. Stalin zai iya zama mai kawo sauƙaƙa ga wasu raunin abokan aikinsa: shan giya, wauta, da sauransu, idan abokan tarayya suna da mahimmanci a gare shi. Amma abin da bai yafe wa wani ba har abada shi ne rashin bin umarninsa.
A Moscow, Kulik ya rigaya jiran jiran shaidar da Admiral Levchenko, wanda ya ba da umarnin kare Crimea. Levchenko ya ce Kulik, da kyar ya isa, nan da nan ya ba da umarnin fara fitarwa, ba tare da yin wani yunƙurin shirya tsaro ba, wato ya yi watsi da umarnin hedikwatar.
A cikin bayanin sa, Kulik yayi karfin gwiwa ya fadi gaskiyarsa. Sojojin sun raunana sojojin, sannan suka raunana sosai, yayin da aka kasa rarrabuwar kawuna biyu a inda suke. Tuni sojojin Helenawa suka mallaki birni. Ba zai yiwu a ci gaba da birni a cikin irin wannan yanayi ba, kuma kokarin yin hakan zai haifar da asara mai yawa. Sabili da haka, Kulik ya ba da umarnin komawa da makamai zuwa Tamansky kuma ya dauki tsaro a wurin. Har ma ya yi alfahari da cewa ya sami nasarar ajiye kusan dukkanin manyan makamai da kayan aiki.
Kulik a fili bai yi tunani sosai ba kuma ya kai mummunan hari kan Stalin: "Idan wasu" masu fada aji "sunyi la'akari da cewa motsin abokan gaba zuwa Arewacin Caucasus, wato, zuwa Tsibirin Taman, an rufe shi ta hanyar riƙe Kerch da tashar jiragen ruwa, suna da kuskure sosai kuma basu fahimci yanayin. "
Daga irin wannan bayanin, Stalin ya fusata ne kawai. Ba wai kawai marshal ya yarda da kansa ba don aiwatar da umarninsa ba, ya fara koya masa dabarun. Bayan haka, Stalin ya ba da umarnin a kawo Kulik a gaban shari'a, wanda, a fili, abin mamaki ne ga mai ƙarshen.
Nan da nan ya canza sautinsa kuma cikin makonni biyu ya rubuta wasiƙu masu yawa ga Stalin tare da abubuwan da ke gaba: “Na yarda cewa na yi babban laifi a kan Babban Kwamitin CPSU kuma da kaina a gabanku, na keta umarnin hedikwatar, kuma ban ba da tabbacin amincewa da Babban Kwamitin CPSU da naku ba. Ina roƙon kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU da kai kanka, Comrade Stalin, ka gafarta mini laifina kuma ka ba Bolshevik kalma mai gaskiya wacce ba zan sake karya doka da umarnin kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU da naku ba.
Stalin ya kuma nuna sha'awar yanayin mika wuya na Rostov, yana neman bayani game da Kulik daga sakataren kwamitin yanki na Dvinsky. Ya kasance a hankali ya lissafta duk kasawar Kulik (kullun da ya sha giya, yana jin tsoron tankuna, da talauci).
A ƙarshen Fabrairu 1942, Kotun Koli ta kalubalanci Marshal ga Manjo Janar kuma ta cire masa duk lambobin yabo. An cire Kulik daga mukamin mataimakin kwamishina mutane kuma an kore shi daga Babban Kwamitin. Don dalilai na ilimi, an ba da umarnin ga kwamandojin sojoji tare da bayanin Stalin: “Ina yi muku gargadi cewa za a ci gaba da ɗaukar matakai masu mahimmanci ga waɗannan kwamandoji da manyan kwamandojin, ba tare da la’akari da mutane da abin yabo a baya waɗanda ba su cika ko bin umarnin doka ba, nuna rashin tsoro. "rage yawan sojojin da irin yanayin da suke ciki."
Bayan haka, an aika Kulik zuwa ajiyar don shekara ɗaya. A shekarar 1943, aka sake ba shi dama. An nada shi kwamandan runduna ta 4 kuma an inganta shi zuwa mukamin janar. Koyaya, dawowar yayi gajere. Tuni a watan Satumbar wannan shekarar, aka cire shi daga mukaminsa na shugabanci mara nasara.
An nada Kulik a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Babban Direkta na Kafa da Ma'aikata na Rundunar Soja. Amma yanzu ya na karkashin kula sosai. A bayyane yake zai ji daɗin yadda aka bi da shi, kuma ba da daɗewa ba wannan rashin jin daɗi zai barke.
Tabbas, tuni a watan Afrilun 1945, Kulik ya bayyana a gaban Kwamitin Kula da Jam'iyya. Dalilin shine la'anar da Janar Petrov ya aiko (bayan mutuwar Stalin, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Abakumov da kansa ya nace kan wannan hukunci). A ciki, ya sanar da Stalin cewa Kulik yana yin tattaunawar membobin ƙungiyar da ba su cancanta ba a cikin rundunar soja. Musamman, yana yabon jami'an rundunar tsarist, yana ƙasƙantar da Soviet kuma yana kuka cewa ba a yaba masa ba.
Bayan la'akari da shari'arsa a cikin CCP, an kori Kulik daga jam'iyyar kuma an rage shi zuwa babban janar. Bayan haka, a takaice aka nada shi mataimakin kwamandan yankin Volga soja. A lokacin zafi na 1946, an kori Kulik.
Amma a wannan lokacin ya riga ya wanzu. Stalin ba ta amince da soja da aka yi wa laifi ba. Da yawa manyan shugabannin sojoji a lokaci guda sun biya da ransu don fara gunaguni a yayin bukukuwan maye cewa ana "shafe su" kuma ba a yaba musu ba, daga baya ne suka ba da rahoton "inda ya kamata."
Don haka suka zo wa Kulik watanni shida bayan murabus din nasa. Kawai fara tashin hankali na gaba a cikin sojojin, a karkashin wanda Kulik mai ritaya shima ya fadi. An kama shi tare da abokan aikin sa a gundumar soja ta Volga, janar Gordov da Rybalchenko.
An zarge su da kirkiro wata kungiyar 'yan ta'adda wacce ta sabawa tsari don maido da tsarin jari hujja da kuma lalata ginin siyasa a rundunar. An kuma zarge su da aikata kalaman batanci ga shugabannin kasashen Soviet.
Janar din ya kwashe shekaru biyu da rabi a tsare, bayan haka suka gurfana a gaban kuliya a cikin bazara na 1950. Dukkan ukun sun ki yarda da laifin su, suna masu cewa sun jawo wa kansu kansu a yayin binciken da ake yi musu yayin azabtarwa. Koyaya, kotun bata saurari maganarsu ba, kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa kuma aka kashe su a daren ranar. Shekaru bakwai bayan haka, aka gyara janar-janar, kuma aka mayar da Kulik da sunan Marshal da dukkan kyaututtukan.
Kusan duk manyan shugabannin sojoji wadanda suka san Kulik sun ba da shaida a cikin ambatonsa cewa ya cancanci ya cancanci wannan babban matsayin. Kowa ya lura cewa bayyane ba ta da baiwa ta fuskar ƙungiyar soja kuma ba ta da su. Kulik ya san game da manyan bindigogi, kuma a wasu yanayi wani kyakkyawan kwamandan bataliyar soja ko ma mai bada gudummawa zai iya fitowa daga ciki. Amma akwai wani juyin juya hali, ya kama idanun Voroshilov, sannan kuma zuwa Stalin. Wannan hatsarin ya dauke shi zuwa saman, wanda ba ma iya tunanin sa, amma kuma ya kai shi ga mutuwa.
Shafin (Pluvialis)
Ya yi kama da malama
Bayyananniya: ƙananan tsuntsaye masu doguwar ƙafafun kafa da beak mai launin shuɗi. Girman yana da ƙasa da tattabara. Girman jikin mutum shine gram 500, tsawon - 35 santimita. Filayen launin shuɗi ne fari da fari, a bango na baya akwai bakin rawaya da fararen fata.
Rarraba: Gidan juji mai nisa a cikin tudu na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Don hunturu suna tashi zuwa Kudancin Amurka, Australia da New Zealand.
Hoton plover a cikin makiyaya
Siffofi: Masu yin garkuwa da mutane yayin nisan tafiyar kilomita 11,000. Jirginsu yana sauri da sauri. Saurinsa ya kai kilomita 70 a awa daya.
- Brownan farar fata mai launin fata,
- Lowarar zinari
- tawul
- farar fata mai launin fata,
- ɓawon burodi ko kuma wawa
- cinya ko cinya
Zuyki (Charadrius)
Hoton gidan kallo
Bayyananniya: zuyki - ƙananan tsuntsaye masu kama da sihir. Girman jikinsu shine gram 180-250, tsawon - 20 santimita. A lokacin lokacin kiwo, an lullube kawunan tsuntsayen fararen fata, baƙi, yashi da launin shuɗi. Shugaban yana da haske sosai fiye da jiki. Kodan yana da madaidaicin yanki mai duhu. Gefen ya kasance rawaya, baƙar fata a ƙarshen.
Rarraba: Ana samun Zuiks a cikin Turai (Ingila, Norway, Sweden), a cikin Canary da Azores, Arewacin Afirka (Aljeriya, Tunisia), Egypt. A cikin Asiya, a gida a Koriya, Japan, China, Indonesia. Wasu nau'ikan suna zaune a Amurka. Speciesan Arewa suna tashi zuwa kudu a lokacin sanyi.
Zuyka a cikin yanayin yanki
Fasali: zuyki basu san yadda ake iyo ba, saboda haka suna neman abinci a cikin yashi kusa da gawarwakin ruwa, suna neman abinci tare da taimakon gajeren baki.
- Maori Kup,
- membranous taye
- Ussuri Zoek,
- 'yar kwikwiyo
- Kayan gajeren maciji
- macijin teku.
- ƙaramin makiyayi
- dutse dune.
Shiloklyuvka (Mai ta da yanayin avosetta)
Bird tare da baki mai ban sha'awa - shiloklyuvka
Bayyananniya: babban tsuntsu mai fararen fata da baƙi na fari, beak mai lankwasa sama. Tsarin jiki har zuwa gram 500, tsawon - 50 santimita. Kafafu suna da launin toka.
Rarraba: tsuntsaye suna zaune a Eurasia da Afirka. A Rasha, gida a cikin Ciscaucasia, a kudu na Siberiya da yankin na Caspian.
Fasali: shiloklyuvki - kyawawan masu gudu. Yayin motsi, suna fadada wuyansu kuma suna karkatar da kawunansu a kasa, yayin da fukafukan su fuka-fuka kuma suna yin sautikan mara nauyi.
Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus)
Wannan abin da magpie yayi kama
Bayyananniya: babban tsuntsu mai baƙar fata da fari. Gefen shine matsakaici tsawon ruwan orange. Tsayin tsayin 40-47 santimita, nauyi 420-820 grams, fuka-fuki 80-86 santimita.
Rarraba: mabubbutattun magpie suna zaune a Yammacin Turai, Eurasia ta tsakiya, Kamchatka, China da Koriya ta yamma.
Siffofi: magpie memba ne na karamar dan tsuntsaye kusa da ruwa Haematopodidae, yana rayuwa ne a gaɓar tekun.
- New Zealand magpie,
- Ostiraliya magpie,
- kaɗa keke sandpiper-magpie.
Fa'idodin Wader Mai ban sha'awa
Sandpiper Magpie ta Ruwa
- Wungiyoyi da yawa, kamar su siyan katako da katako, suna farauta ne.
- Sandpipers na iya tashi kilomita 11,000 ba tare da tawaya ba.
- Abincin wasu nau'ikan gilashi ya haɗa da kayan ɓata.
- Wan iska suna amfanuwa da mutum ta wurin cin kwari masu cutarwa da lardin su akan filayen da ake nomawa.
- Naman Sandpiper ya bushe, mai sanyin jiki. Don yin abinci a cikin m da mai, an dafa naman don aƙalla sa'o'i biyar.
- Abincin cake na Easter. 100 grams na samfurin ya ƙunshi 130 kcal.
Magabtattun mayaƙa
Sandpiper maƙiyi - Golden Eagle
Rayuwar Sandpiper ita ce shekaru 15-20. Abin baƙin ciki, yawancin tsuntsaye ba sa rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5, kamar yadda masu baƙin labarai suna da maƙiyan halitta da yawa a tsakanin tsuntsayen ganima. Falcons, gaggafa masu zinare, buzzards da kaduna suna farautar sandboxes, macizai, da sauran wakilan mahaɗan. Tsuntsaye masu tsinkaye suna kama gizan jinkiri yayin da su da kansu ke farautar ruwa. A wannan lokacin, sun zama marasa tsaro, kamar yadda suke bakin kokarin neman ganima. Lokacin da maharbi ya kusanto, manyan bindigogi suna ƙoƙarin iyo su gudu ko kuma su gudu, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, magabci mafi ƙarfi ya ci nasara.
Sandpipers a gida
Hoton sandpiper da kajin shi a cikin daji
Adersungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna zama dabbobi masu aminci ga mutane. Bawa wanda aka tashe a zaman bauta, baya jin tsoron mutum, ya saba da dabbobi da abinci na gida. Tsuntsaye sun dace da yanayin rayuwa, abinci. Abin takaici, manyan mayafin gida ba su da kyau.
Sandpipers ba kyawawa bane don ɗauka a sel. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da aiki sosai, don haka a cikin sarari da ke a tsare suna nuna halaye marasa ƙarfi, suna doke kan sandunan. Zai fi kyau a shirya wa sandpiper wani fili mai rarrafe, wanda za'a sami wurin zama, inda mai ciyarwa da kuma mashigar ruwa da ruwa. Tsuntsu zai ji daɗin nutsuwa idan aka ajiye shi kusa da tafkin halitta wanda zai nemi abinci da kansa.
Mace sandpiper tana ciyar da kajin ta
Alumomin cikin gida suna fama da tsutsotsi, mahauci da zofobus. Wasu lokuta ana kara jini-jini a daskararren burodi. Wasu mashahuran mashahuri suna jan tsuntsayen daji zuwa nama mai kauri (ko zuciya), a yanka a kananan faranti na bakin ciki.
Kuri'a
Magpie wader zaune da kururuwa
Muryoyin mabiya sun bambanta. Kowane nau'in tsuntsayen yana da yanayin yadda yake sadarwa tare da wasu mutane. Muryar duhu sandpiper yana ringing, mai ƙarfi. Kiran kira na maza ya ƙunshi kalmar monosyllabic "peep", wanda aka maimaita tare da maimaitawa na 4-5 seconds. Sparrow Sandpiper waƙoƙi suna da sauri. Sun maimaita "piu-piu-piu". Theungiyar mawaƙa tana da motsi, amma tare da kowane sakan na sautin yana ƙaruwa. A karshen akwai sauti mai cike da sauti "Na sha", to, tsuntsu yayi saukar da shi, kuma bayan wasu 'yan dakikoki sai aka maimaita wakar. Sautikan da magrib wakar ke yi kamar na kashin kaji ne. Tsuntsayen da sauri suna furta sauti "sha, sha." Lokacin da tsuntsayen suke waƙa cikin waƙoƙi, sautin ya zama ba tare da gushewa ba kuma yana kama da sautin garken ruwar teku. Wwararrakin baƙar fata yana sananne ta hanyar magana mai taken "IEP-IEP".
Dandanawa na Ulite suna magana da wuya. Yayin tattaunawar 'yan uwan, suna yin sauti biyu-kalma "tu-viit-ty-viit".
Sandpipers suna jayayya a tsakani
Wungiyoyi da yawa suna zama magana a lokacin balaga. Allolin, suna bayyana da'irori, suma suna maimaita “woo-etuyu-wu-etuyu” ko kuma da sauri rera “tevee-tevwei”. Saurin raira waƙa da tsoratarwa na iya zama daban. Idan namiji ya kira mace, sai ya yi ihu “tevek-tevek” ko “ve-te-te”. Lokacin da aka gano haɗari, da sauri ya maimaita “te-vve-te-vve” ko “terevezhzhzh”. A lokacin kiwo, zaku iya jin ƙaramin muryar maharbi, wanda yayi kama da busar rago. Sau da yawa ana maimaita “bala-bala-bala-bala” yana da matakai daban-daban: waƙar yana farawa a hankali, sannan yana ƙaruwa tare da kowane sakan biyu kuma ya fashe tare da “br” mai kaifi.
Waƙoƙin murfin mawaƙa kamar sauti ne. Sautin iri ɗaya ne, yana gudana sau ɗaya daga ƙanana zuwa manyan maɓallan. Kalmar kalma yawanci ana buɗewa, suna ƙarewa da "ii" ko "yy." Wani lokacin waƙar takan katse shi da wata muguwar siginar "pi-piu" wacce ke yin sauti na tsawon 3-4, sannan sautikan ya fara canzawa: "pi-piu" mai tsayi yana maye da mai sauri da "abin sha".
Mata da maza na magpie sandpiper suna yin sauti
Wungiyoyi da yawa suna shiru kuma suna ba da murya lokacin haɗari ko lokacin da suke yin haɗin gwiwa. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsayen suna yin shuru, mara sauti, "hiuu-hiuu." Muryar katako ba ta maimaitawa. Muryarsa kamar cro kaza ko croc, kamar "khyr-khyr". Yanke magana da daddare da daddare. A lokacin da duhu ya fara tashi, maza da kanana suna yawan kuka da “tundra”. A lokacin karba-karba, 'yan kunar bakin wake suna kuwwa "jeche", a duniya an canza wannan kalmar zuwa muryoyin kwarara "che-keche-ke".
A cikin kamus ɗin Dahl
m, dunkulallen hannu, dunkulallen hannu, -baby, -bird, saniya, saniya, -shake, zuy, suna gama gari don wasan shada, daga mafi girman dunƙule-ƙanƙarar ƙyallen sandpeper (Curlew), zuwa bunny ko bobber, yellowbrow da sparrow, gami da ciki har da sandpiper (Glareola), sandpiper (magpie), jan kafa (goldfinch), netigel (snail), herbalist, snub (recurvirostra), da dai sauransu Ba su kira sandpipes kawai ba cin abincin gwiwa ba (heron, bittern, etc.), Corostel da kaji, amma kowane irin nau'in kayan zaki ne. | * Mai shaye shaye, mai yawan buguwa. | Mahaukaci, mai tsatsauran ra'ayi, mutum mai ƙima. | Nuwamba mutumin da ya zo wurin taron tare da rufe fuska, wani okrunnik (daga cul, hood?). | Perm. toonin, cuku. | Sandpipers, wasan yara. Sandpiper ba mai girma bane, amma har yanzu tsuntsu ne. Duma ta tattaro mayafin tunani, suna zaune a fadama. Kowane sandpiper a dunƙulewar sa (a cikin fadowar sa) yana da girma. Kowane sandpiper yana yabi fadowar sa. A ina kuke zama, sandpiper? A cikin fadama! Ku zo filinmu! Ya bushe a can. A cikin fadama, kuka, amma daga fadama? sandpiper. Kulik baya gudu zuwa fadama, yana kula da kansa. Piaƙƙarfan sandpiper yana fahariya da bishiyar Kirsimeti. Far zuwa sandpiper zuwa Petrov-kwanaki. Sandpiper ya fito daga kasashen ketare, wanda aka kawo ruwan da za'a kawo shi daga kusurwa (wanda aka kawo kawowa daga bauta). Kuma sandpiper ya san gefen baƙon, yana tashi don hunturu. Kuma sandpiper ya san gefensa, kwari. Kururuwa, kururuwa sandpiper. Ba da wuri kamar waƙa ba. Kulikov, nasa., Cake na Easter, mai dangantaka da shi. Allah ya tashe wakar wakar! Don kururuwa, a ɗan sanda, sha, don bugu. Shin yana aiki kamar haka? Na gaji da yawan aikin ku, buguwa da ku. Yatsa game mashayi, mashayi.
A cikin Fassarar Fasmer Max
Ni sandpiper II. "Murmushi", jam'i mai yashi "Wasan yara na ɓoye da neman" (M.EE. 2, 309), Yaren mutanen Poland. kulik "jirgin kasa na masu kaɗa tsalle a Shrovetide wanda ke tafiya daga gida zuwa gida da zaran an bincika tsuntsu" (Bruckner, RF 6, 628). Wed ltsh. kuluos lēkt “yi tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali”, kulniêks “shiryayye” (Mi. ЕW 147). Wataƙila ga wanda ya gabata, duba Berneker 1, 642, Bruckner 281. Akwai dangantaka mai ma'ana tare da nutsar da "cheater", sabanin Potebne (RFV 3, 167 et seq.). Apparentlyarshen alama yana da alaƙa da shark.
II kulikrod. n. -a I. tsuntsu "Sсolorah", Ukrainian sandpiper - ɗaya, Czech. kulík "sandpiper, zuyek", kulich "mujiya", Yaren mutanen Poland. kulik, kulig "sandpiper".
Mai dangantaka da. kulainis curlew, kuleinis coot, lit. mutuolinga - tsuntsu "Numenius arquatus", zai yiwu, shima wasu ind. kulīkā "wani irin tsuntsu", kōlā́halas "kukan mutum da dabba", lit. kaũlyti “beg”, duba Berneker 1, 642, IF 8, 286, M. –E. 2, 304, Trautman, BSW 138, Uhlenbeck, Aind. Wb. 60, Specht 157, 204, cf. kuma Petersson, Lund Univ. Rsskr. N. F. 19, N o 6, shafi 35, Bulakhovsky, Olya, 7, shafi 103. Onomatopoeia.
A cikin ƙamus na Encyclopedia
Grigory Ivanovich (1890-1950), Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet (1940), gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet (1940). Tun daga 1939, Mataimakin Kwamishinan Tsaro na USSR kuma shugaban Babban Artillery Directorate. A yakin duniya na II ya ba da umarni ga sojoji. A watan Fabrairu na 1942, a matsayin wakilin da aka ba da izini a hedikwatar rundunar koli ta koli, ya kori sojoji a yankin Kerch, yana karya dokar tsara tsaro, an hana shi matsayin marshal kuma ya ragu zuwa babban janar. Daga Afrilu 1943, a gaba, daga Janairu 1944, mukaddashin shugaban Babban Direkta na Kafa da Ma'aikata na Rundunar Soja. Bayan yakin, mataimakin kwamandan rundunar soji. An sake maimaita shi, an sake kwaskwarimar shi daga aiki, an sake komawa cikin matsayin Marshal na Soviet Union a 1957 .--- Ivan Yulianovich (1897-1941), marubucin Yukren. Waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi game da Yaƙin Basasa, game da brotheran uwan mutane. Aka sake bugawa, an sake yin gyaran jiki a gaba daya .--- Leonid Alekseevich (1883-1942), masanin kimiyyar Rasha, mai tsara kayan binciken meteorite a Rasha. Ya jagoranci da yawa daga balaguro (1927-30 da 1938-39) zuwa wurin faduwar Tunguska meteorite. A farkon Yaƙin Duniya na II, ya ba da kansa don sojojin mutane, an raunata shi kuma ya mutu a sansanin taro na Nazi .-- Mikhail Markelovich (1909-83), mai tsara jirgin sama, Likita na Kimiyyar Fasaha (1967). A cikin 30s. ci gaba da gwada sararin sama. A shekara ta 1936-37, babban injiniyan injiniyan Aeronautics Direkta na Rundunar Sojan Sama. A cikin 1937-39 yana tsare. A lokacin Yaƙin Jiha na Patriotic, ya lura da gyaran filin jirgin sama. A shekarar 1964-70, Mataimakin Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Sama.