Gubach Bear - Wannan nau'ikan wake ne na gaba daya, wanda yake wakiltar dabi'ar Melursus. Gubach yana da irin wannan yanayin da yake da kyau sosai kuma yana haifar da bambanci sosai da salon rayuwar da aka saba da shi wanda aka rera shi azaman daban-daban jinsin halittar.
Gwajin yana da tsinkaye mai tsayi da tsayi, wanda zai fi jawo hankalin mutane idan ka duba hoto gubacha, to, zaku iya tabbatar da wannan. Lebe da beyar tsirara ne kuma sun sami damar juyawa zuwa wani nau'in bututu ko proboscis. Wannan dukiyar ce ta ba da bear irin wannan sunan mai ban mamaki da ban dariya.
Gubach bear ba shi da girma ko girma. Tsawon jikin mutum yawanci har zuwa 180 cm, wutsiyar tana ƙara wani santimita 12, a ƙasan mayukan beyar ya kai 90 cm, kuma nauyin bai wuce kilogram 140 ba.
Kuma masu girma dabam daga mata sunada kankanta - kusan kashi 30 - 40%. Ragowar gubach beyar, kamar beyar. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, kafafu suna da tsayi, kai babba ne, goshi mai kaifi ne, nauyi mai nauyi, mai fiɗa elongated.
Dogon, shaggy baƙar fata yana ba da alama na mane mara kyau. Wasu bears suna da gashi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, amma mafi yawan lokuta har yanzu launin baƙi ne. Dansandan da bewa na bears datti, da tabo mai haske, farin gashi, mai kama da harafin V ko Y, flaunts akan kirji.
Siffofi da mazaunin gubach
Gubachi suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan wurare masu zafi da keɓaɓɓu na Indiya, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal da Sri Lanka har zuwa tsaunukan Himalayan, inda ake kiranta - "Himalayan bear gubach".
Wannan nau'in bears ya fi son zama a cikin tsaunuka, wanda aka ɓoye daga yawancin idanun mutane. A cikin ƙananan ƙasashe, kusan ba zai yiwu ba ka sadu da gubach bear, amma kuma basu hawan zuwa tsauni mai tsaho ba.
Alamar Bear da Rayuwa
A cikin gubach galibi hanya ce ta rayuwa, tana bacci a lokacin cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, ciyayi ko cikin rami mai sanyi.
Kodayake a lokacin rana zaka iya haduwa da mace mai sarƙaƙƙiya tare da cuba whoan da dole ne su canza zuwa salon rayuwar yau da kullun don guje wa haɗuwa da magabatan mutane.
A lokacin damina, ayyukan bears suna ta raguwa sosai kuma suna raguwa sosai, amma har yanzu basu sanya hibernate ba. Kamshin na bears na wannan gatan yana daidai da ƙanshi na kare mai sigari, wanda yake ramawa ga ƙarancin cibiyoyin binciken da kayan aikin na gani.
Dayawa daga cikin magabatan daji sukanyi amfani da wannan, cikin sauqi suke har zuwa bears mai rashin kulawa daga gefe. Koyaya, ba za a iya kira bear gubachi mai sauƙi ba.
Carfafa da kallo kaɗan ba'a kamata su yaudari maƙiyan bayin dabbar bear - gubach ya sami damar haɓaka saurin, yana karya duk bayanan ɗan adam na duniya.
Hakanan, gubach kyakkyawan hawan dutse ne, mai sauƙin hawa bishiyoyi masu tsayi don jin daɗin sabbin 'ya'yan itace mara laushi, kodayake bai yi amfani da wannan ƙwarewar ba yayin da yake gujewa haɗari.
Abokan Gubach na yau da kullun manyan magabatansu ne. Sau da yawa mutane na ganin gwagwarmaya gubach bear vs tiger ko damisa.
Kodayake bears kansu da wuya suna nuna zalunci da kai hari kawai idan dabbar mai barazanar tazo kusa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kai gubach ne mai cikakken iko. Tare da jin daɗin daidai, zai iya more kwano na kwari da larvae, shuka abinci, katantanwa, ƙwai daga cikin mazaunan da ya lalata, da kuma safarar da aka samo a kan yankinsa.
Don tabbatar da tsattsauran ra'ayi game da beyar, son zuma, wannan nau'in ya cancanci karɓar suna Melursus, ko "bears zuma". A cikin watannin bazara na 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace mai ɗorawa da nunannun 'ya'yan itace na iya zama rabin kyakkyawan jimlar cin gubach.
A wasu lokuta, abincin da akafi so kuma ana saurin karantawa shine kwari iri iri. Gubachs kuma baya ƙin shiga cikin ƙauyukan ɗan adam kuma yana lalata dasa sukari da masara.
Babban dabbar da ke dabbar beyar a wani sashi na jinkirta ta bashi damar hawa bishiyoyi daidai, tsagewa da lalata wuraren bukukuwan tururuwa da tururuwa. Fuskokin da ke dawwama da ikon yatsan lebe cikin kwatancen proboscis suma suna taimakawa wajen samun kwarin guiwar cin abincin dare. Don kare daga nau'in ciji, ƙoshin hancin beyar suna da ikon rufewa ba da izini ba.
Hakora ƙanana ne, kuma manyan abubuwan biyu na tsakiya guda biyu ba su nan, suna haifar da hanyar da ke ci gaba da “bututu” da leɓen motsi mai motsi. Yarda mai saukin ganewa da harshe mai tsayi, wacce aka samo cikin zafin yanayi, kayan aiki ne mai kyau, wanda zai baka damar samun abinci daga matattarar bakin ciki.
Yawancin lokaci, mai daukar tsintsiya sai ya fara fitar da datti da ƙura daga mazaunin kwari da ƙarfi, sannan kuma da wannan iko yakan tsotse ruwan ganyayyaki ta hanyar amfani da bututu daga lebe. Dukkanin tsarin yana da hayaniya, wani lokacin ana jin sautin beyar farauta ta wannan hanyar a nesa nesa har zuwa 150 m, kuma jawo hankalin mafarauta.
Sake buguwa da kuma tsammanin rayuwar beyar
Lokacin haihuwar gubachi bears ya bambanta da mazaunin wani takamaiman. Misali, a yankin Indiya, wannan lokacin yana gudana daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, kuma a Sri Lanka a duk shekara.
Ciki a cikin bears na wannan nau'in ya kai watanni 7. A lokaci guda, mace tana haihuwar 1 - 2, da wuya 3 cubs. Bayan makonni 3 ne idanun matasa zasu buɗe. Yankunan da mahaifiyarsu ba za su bar matsuguninsu ba sai bayan watanni 3, kuma za su ci gaba da rayuwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar uwa har zuwa shekaru 2 zuwa 3.
Idan kuna buƙatar tura 'ya'yanku wani wuri, uwa zata sanya su a bayan ta. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar sufuri ba tare da la’akari da girman yaran ba har sai lokaci ya yi da matashin zai rayu da kansa.
An yi imani da cewa ubanni ba sa yin komai a cikin renon yaransu, amma wasu sun yi imani da cewa idan uwa ta mutu, mahaifin ya ɗauki nauyin duka don kiyayewa da renon yaransu.
A cikin zaman talala, tare da kyakkyawan kulawa da kulawa, soso dabbar ta zauna har zuwa shekaru 40, kuma babu ingantaccen bayanai game da rayuwar rayuwa a cikin mazaunin halitta.
Tun ƙarni da yawa, an datse ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta saboda lahanin da suke haifar da sukari, masara da sauran tsire-tsire. A yanzu, an jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Red International a matsayin jinsin barazana.
Bayani da fasali na bear gubach
A waje gubach yafi kamar antiater ko sloth fiye da beyar. Al'adun dabbar ma haka suke. Misali, Gubach yana dauke da zuriyarsa a bayan sa. Koyaya, dabba tana da alaƙa da kwancen kafa. Daga halayen halayen jarumi labarin, fushi yana da alaƙa da su. Dangane da mutumin da aka yi rikodin kusan sau dubu. Ashirin da biyar sun haifar da mutuwar.
Take gubach bear samu saboda tsarin da mucks. Kunkuntacciyar hanya ce da elongated. Leɓen dabbar ya ɗan saki, kamar dai ana fitarwa. Hanci na dabbar yana da hannu. Duk waɗannan na'urori ne da aka haɓaka don hakar zuma da ƙoshin itacen nectars. Don isa gare su, beyar ya girma harshe mai tsawo. Wannan ɗayan kamance ne da tururuwa.
Hakoran Gubach ƙanƙane. Abubuwan biyu na sama sun ɓace. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe turawa da harshe a cikin saƙar zuma, 'ya'yan itaciyar kwanan wata. Hakoran soso hakoran hakora suna da abubuwan haɗari, amma suna tsufa tare da tsufa.
A tsawon, gubachs ya kai santimita 180. Saki galibi yakan ninka mita 1.5 kawai. Tsawon mace shine santimita 60-75. Maza a ƙ witƙasassun sun isa 90. Gubach-matsakaici mai nauyin kilo 50. Matsakaicin nauyi shine kilo 130.
Gubach bear a cikin hoto An rarrabe shi ba kawai ta tsarin mucks ba, har ma da dogon paws tare da manyan ƙafa, manyan kunnuwa, fararen alama mai kamannin V a kirji da fitilar haske akan hanci. Wani gwarzo na labarin shine mafi dadewar bears.
Iri Gubach Bear
Baya ga Himalayas, Gubachs suna zaune a Sri Lanka. An hana su da wani kayan maye. Saboda haka, al'ada ce a raba beyar tsibiri zuwa rarar wasu daban. Mutane daban-daban a Sri Lanka ba su da Himalayan kuma galibi suna da yawa. Babu ma'ana a cikin babban gashi ja, saboda yanayin rayuwa na nau'in tsibirin yana da zafi, mai laushi.
Ayyukan kimiyya kawai aka rubuta game da gubachs na tsibiri. Hakanan an lura da bear Himalayan a cikin almara. Ya isa ya tuna labarin Mowgli wanda Rudyard Kipling ya rubuta.
Abun motsa jiki na mai sanyin bege
Duk da irin kwalliyar da suke nunawa, gubachi bears yana bambanta ta hanyar kwarewar kwarai. Yawan jinsin gizo-gizo yana iya cin nasara har da manyan mafarauta, kamar damisa ko damisa. Abinda yake shine wannan nau'in yana da ikon gudu da sauri fiye da mai gudu na ƙwararru. Gubachi Bears kansu ba dabbobi ne na ƙasa ba, don haka gwagwarmayar yankin da aka zaɓa ba tare da rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice ba. Suna alamar sararinsu da taimakon wari, amma galibi suna shafa jikinsu a jikin bishiyar bishiyoyi don barin alamar sunadarai. Bayanai kan binciken jinsunan sun ce gubachs kusan ba sa kaiwa wasu dabbobi hari.
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Me gubachi bears suke ci?
Ana bambanta bera mai kyawu daga mai cin nama ta hanyar cin abincinsa. Kirki da zuma sune maganin da suka fi so. Fuskar fuskar gubach da tafin hannu tana bashi damar cin abinci azaman cinya, kuma ba kamar dabba bace. Abincin da aka saba samu na nau'ikan Melursus shine gandun daji da tururuwa, kuma basa ƙin cin abinci. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa suna taimaka musu hawan bishiyoyi don fruitan itace da inflorescences. Farauta a cikin duhu don neman abinci, Gubachs ya sami ƙanshin jin ƙamshi, tun da gani da jin wannan nau'in ba su da haɓaka. Kuma manyan kaifi masu kaifi suna taimakawa ga rusa kowane gida ta cire kwari daga can. Ba shi da sauƙi ga masu mallakar wuraren da ke da sukari da masara, tunda gubachs galibi kwari ne na ƙauyukan ɗan adam.
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Tsawan mafi tsawo tare da lebe mai motsi
Gubachi bears ya sami wannan suna ne saboda tsananin rikice-rikice da bakunan da suke motsi. Gubach ya sami damar shimfida lebunan sa sama da muƙamuƙin, yana ɗaukar akwati wanda ke ba shi damar buɗe kwari daga ikon mallaka da tururuwa. Tsarin abinci yana da tsawa, ana iya jin sa cikin sama da mita 150. Featurearin fasali na gizo-gizo shine kasancewar hakora 40 ba tare da haɓakar ƙwararrun halayen masu cinye dabbobi ba.
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Lokacin girbi na soso yana ɗauka
A cikin lokacin mating, maza sun sami damar yin gwagwarmaya don hankalin mace. Kuma nau'ikan da aka kirkira suna haifar har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa, wanda ke bambanta wannan nau'in daga makamantansu. Haɓakar macijin a cikin yakanyi yakan faru ne a cikin watan Yuni, kuma bayan watanni 7 macen ta haihu da 1-3a 1-3an 1-3. Gan ƙananan gubachs suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun zama dabbobi manya, yawanci wannan yakan faru ne a watan 4 na rayuwa. Mace ta mace tana kare zuriyarta daga hatsarin, yana iya amfani da farkon watanni na rayuwarta a cikin wani matsuguni na musamman da aka tono. Maza suna ciyar da farko tare da mace, suna kulawa da zuriyarsu.
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Tsoma bakin mutane a rayuwar lebe
Yana zaune a cikin yankunan Indiya, Gubachs ya zama wanda aka azabtar tsakanin masu horarwa. An koyar da dabbobi don yin dabaru iri daban-daban kuma saboda farashin ya nuna wa 'yan yawon bude ido da mazauna karkara. Kuma tunda wannan nau'in bears suna iya kamuwa da filayen noma, mazauna karkara sunkai matsayin kashe su. A halin yanzu, jinsunan Melursus suna cikin mataki na "dabbobi masu hadarin" kuma an jera su a cikin Littafin Duniya baki daya. Yin amfani da fataucin dan adam haramtacce ne. Koyaya, ta hanyar sare gandun daji da lalata dabbobin kwari, mutane suna rudar ƙurar leɓen lebe, suna gabatar da haɗari mafi girma ga ci gaban da wanzuwar wannan nau'in.
Bayyanar
Gubach bear yana da bambanci sosai a bayyanar da salon rayuwa daga ainihin beyar (Ursus), kuma an ware shi a cikin wata tsararren halittar. Abu ne mai sauki a gane shi tsinkaye na dogon hannu da na hannu, lebe kuma ya bushe kuma yana iya fitowa da karfi (daga nan ne), suna samar da nau'in proboscis.
Girman girma ƙanana, amma ya fi girma fiye da bera na biruang. Tsawon jikin gubach ya kai 180 cm, wutsiyar kuma itace wani 10-12 cm, tsayinsa yakai 60 cm, nauyinsa shine 54-140 (kilogiram 90-1115). Maza sunkai 30-40% girma fiye da mace.
Gabaɗayan bayyanar gubach shine yawanci bearish. Jikin yana da yawa, akan manyan kafafu. Shugaban yana da girma, yana da goshi mai laushi da ƙanƙan wuya sosai. Jawo ya kasance mai tsawo, shaggy, yana samar da wani irin murɗa mara wuya a wuya da kafaɗa. Launi galibi launuka ne masu duhu, amma galibi suna haɗe da launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko gashi mai launin shuɗi. Wasu lokuta akwai masu launin ja ko launin shuɗi. Ofarshen ƙarshen maƙarƙashiya yana da datti launin toka; akwai takamaiman wuri mai haske akan kirji, mai kama da harafin V ko Y.
Amincewa da abinci mai gina jiki
Barin gubach, kamar tururuwa, a cikin juyin halitta wanda ya dace da ciyar da yawancin kwari akan tururuwa (tururuwa da ƙanƙarar ƙasa), wanda ba kwatankwacin sauran bears ba, wanda kwari masu abincin su ke taka rawa kaɗan. Manyan zanen sikila an daidaita su don hawa bishiyoyi, haƙa da lalata motsi na ƙwanƙwasa. Lipsarshen lebe da mucks kusan ba komai ba ne kuma suna da hannu, kuma hancin yatsa na iya rufewa ba da izini ba. Hakora ƙanana ne, kuma manyan abubuwan biyu na tsakiya guda biyu ba su nan, suna haifar da hanyar da ke ci gaba da “bututu” da leɓen motsi mai motsi. Falo ya zama mara nauyi, harshen yana da tsawo. Wadannan fasalulluka suna barin mai kisan, yana fitar da kwari, da farko sai ya busa turbaya da datti daga wuraren da suka lalace, sannan kuma su shayar da tsohuwar leben. Hayaniyar da ke tashi a lokaci guda ana jin wasu lokuta akan 150 m kuma galibi tana jan hankalin mafarauta.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Gubach yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa mai ban sha'awa, yana fifita wuraren da yake da ƙauna, amma baya hawa zuwa manyan tsaunuka. Hakanan an hana shi ƙasashe masu rauni. Yana haifar da rayuwar rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, a lokacin da rana take barci a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, a tsakanin bishiyoyi ko a cikin kogo. Matan da ke da ƙwayoyin cuba oftenan sau da yawa suna juyawa zuwa yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun don guje wa haɗuwa da masu ƙaddarar nocturnal.
Gubach mai aiki a duk shekara, baya hana ruwa, amma ya zama baya aiki lokacin damina.
Omnivorous: abinci ya ƙunshi kwari, larvae, katantanwa, ƙwai, da tsire-tsire iri-iri. Saboda kaunar sa na zuma, ya samu sunansa na kimiyya - Melursus, "Kudan zuma." Daga Maris zuwa Yuni, lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suka girma, suna iya yin kashi 50% na abincin gubach, ragowar lokacin da ya fi son rusa nisha na ciyawar, tururuwa da ƙudan zuma. A cikin cunkoson jama'a, Gubachs suna lalata filayen sukari da masara. Ba su raina cinikin.
Harshen wari yana da haɓaka, amma ƙwayar gani da ji suna da rauni, saboda haka yana da sauƙi mutum ya ɗan zana ta kusa da lebe. Bayyanar girman gubach na yaudara ne - wannan beyar yana iya gudu da sauri fiye da mutane. Sau da yawa yakan hau bishiya don jin daɗin 'ya'yan itacen, amma ba a cece shi daga haɗari ba a bishiyoyi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, gubachs ba mai saurin fushi bane, amma suna iya kare kansu idan mutum ya kusanto. Koyaya, tsakanin Afrilu 1989 da Maris 1994, 'yan Gubernians sun yi wa mutane 735 kisan gilla, 48 daga cikinsu sun kasance masu muni.
Manyan masu farautar ne, kamar damisa da damisa, suna kai hari ga gubernias. Babban Tigen ne kawai zai iya jurewa da babban mai yanka.
Duba kuma mutum
Tunda aka gano wannan nau'in, mazauna karkara sun kama Gubachs suna koya musu kowane irin dabaru. A kan titunan biranen India da biranen, gwanayen giyar suna wakiltar gani ne na yau da kullun. A lokaci guda, an lalata su azaman kwari na gona, da ɓarnar kudan zuma da wuraren shuka. Abin farin ciki, a yau wannan nau'in yana ƙarƙashin kariya.
Halin Iyaye
Uwa tana zaune tare da 'ya'yan a cikin garkuwa na tsawon watanni 2-3, sannan ga wasu' yan wasu watanni kuma yaran suna tare da mahaifiyarsu, tare da sanin mahimman dabarun.Idan kuma akwai hadari, har ma wasu mazan sun hau kan mahaifiyar, amma matar ba za ta iya sa su ba tsawon lokaci. Namiji ya kuma kula da zuriyarsa, aƙalla a karo na farko, wanda ba halayyar wasu bear bane.
Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo
Ma'auratan a halin yanzu suna zaune a gidan zu zo mana a cikin 2002 daga. Ana iya ganin su a cikin lokacin dumi a cikin jirgin sama na hadaddun pectan Bears a cikin Tsohon Territory na gidan zoo. Abin takaici, mace ta fara nuna zalunci ga namiji, dole ne ma'auratan su zauna.
Ana ciyar da Gubachs abinci mai bambancin gaske: ana basu nama da mincemeat kifi, hatsi daban-daban, kayan lambu, ƙwai, cuku gida, zuma da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa. Abincin ya bambanta da kwari, bitamin da kuma kayan ma'adinai na miya da aka kara a cikin abincin.
A dabi'a, bears suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu don nema da samun abinci. A cikin jejin, ba sa bukatar yin wannan, don haka yawanci dabbobin suna gundura ne, ba su da abin yi, kuma suna jin rashin jin daɗi daga gare ta. Domin dabbobin su kalla a wani bangare dan gane da kwarewar su, ana basu abinci ba “a kan farantin ba” kawai. Udan zuma dole ne ya sami kuma "sami" shi, alal misali, lasayen zuma daga ƙaramin rami a cikin log ɗin, ko samun 'ya'yan itace a cikin ciyawar.