Bayyanar mutum da hali. Maƙaddara tana da matsakaici a girma, da alama ya fi girma. Tsawon Jiki 46-57 cm, nauyi 530-1 360 g, fuka-fukai 100-130 cm Matar tayi dan girma fiye da namiji. Sashin jiki yana da kyau sosai, wutsiyar tana kama da taqaitaccen abu, iyakar fikafikan fikarorin su kusan isa gefen wutsiya. Etarancin matsakaiciyar tsayin tsayi, gashin tsuntsu "wando" mai kafafu a ƙafafu, ƙafar baya gashinsa. Gefen ya yanke. Saukowa yawanci a tsaye yake.

Bayanin. Babban jigon launin yana da matukar canji, daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa haske mai launin ja, mai launin toka da fawn. Yawan da girman tsayin daka, mai jujjuyawar, da saurin fasalin jikin mutum da makada akan fuka-fukan da wutsiya sun bambanta sosai. Yawancin lokaci, tsuntsayen tsofaffi suna da hasken rana a cikin ƙananan kirji, wanda ke rarrabe sassan duhu daga cikin tarin damuwar goiter da ciki. Haushi kuma na iya zama mai haske.

A cikin ƙasarmu, buzzards galibi suna da bambancin launin shuɗi, musamman akan wutsiya (ƙananan ragi) B. ƙwayar cuta), duk da haka, a yammacin yankin, ana iya samun buzz a zahiri ba tare da sautin ja da ocher a cikin kayan girki ba, waɗanda ke bambanta su ta hanyar manyan girma dabam. B. buteo) A cikin Caucasus, buzzards ma sunada yawa, amma mafi yawa an baiyana su a cikin inuwar ocher a cikin rudi, tare da wutsiya ja mai haske, kuma galibi haske kai (bisa ga waɗannan alamun Kayan kwalliyaB. menetriesi kama da Buzzard).

Jirgin sama mai tashi yana bambanta da sauran pares irinsu masu fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai da aka ɗaga sama sama da jikin duhu tare da duhu a kan ɗayan fuka-fukai da bakin duhu a ƙarshen bayan. Wutsiyar tsuntsu mai tsayi yakan fi fadi girma fiye da na wasu tsintsayen. Idan aka kwatanta da Buzzard da Bear na hunturu, bazzar tana da duhu duhu akan fuka-fukan fuka-fukan, a matsayinka na mai mulki, mara ma'ana, launinta ba ya ƙarantawa, fuka-fukan sun fi guntu da faɗaɗawa. Idan aka kwatanta da irin ƙwaro, sozzies mai fashewa yana da gajeru kuma fiɗaɗ fuka fuka-fukai, yana daɗaɗa gaba gaba, tare da ƙaramin juzu'i mai ɗaukar hoto da ƙarancin furucin carpal, filin mai haske (sau da yawa tare da ƙananan ratsi) filin da aka ɗauka na webs feather febs, baƙar fata mai bakin magana gashin fuka-fukai hade zuwa cikin firam guda daga saman reshe.

A wuya ya fi guntu, kuma kai ya fi fadi irin na irin ƙwaro, wutsiya ba ta zagaye da gajarta, yawanci zazzagewa ko haske fiye da jiki, tare da juzu'ai madaidaiciya madaidaiciya daga ƙasa. Yankin duhu mai duhu (tare da Buzzard) yana tafiya gefen gefen wutsiya, amma maiyuwa ba haka bane. Matasa suna da ɗan sauki da mottled, farar biri a kan wutsiya da kuma duhu duhu a gefen ƙarshen reshen suna ba da haske, duhu tabo a kan babban fayil na carpal da aka bayyana. A matsakaita, matasa mutane masu launin launuka daban-daban fiye da manya; a zahiri basu da motsles masu motsi a gefe na jikin mutum.

Kuri'a. Da dogon hanci hanci "kyaaaa-aa"An buga shi a jirgi, tare da nuna damuwa"keu woo"- mai tsabta ko rawar jiki ko mara nauyi"kheuuu". Sunan tsuntsu ya fito daga kalmar "buzz."

Matsayi na Rarraba. Tana zaune kusan dukkanin Yankin Eurasia daga Azores da Canaries zuwa Japan da kuma daga Arctic Circle zuwa hamadar Arabiya, Iran, Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya. A Rasha, daga kan iyakokin yamma zuwa Caucasus, Sakhalin da tsibirin Kuril. A cikin ɓangaren Turai na ƙasar ana rarraba shi daidai. An samo asalin nau'ikan magabatan a Kudancin gandun daji da kuma matsattsun daji, a kan ƙaura, kuma ana samunsu a cikin sararin daɗaɗɗun fili.

A mafi yawancin Turai (tallafi) B. buteo) da kuma a cikin Caucasus (biyan kuɗi) B. menetriesi) yawan baƙin ƙarfe, bakin ruwa, na kowa a cikin Yankin Yankin Turai mai zafi, wata ƙungiya B. ƙwayar cuta (ƙanana, ko ƙanƙana, ƙage) kwari don hunturu har zuwa ƙasashen Afirka mai zafi da Asiya, jera hunturu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Tekun Bahar, Caspian da Ciscaucasia.

Rayuwa. Ya fi son wuraren shimfidar wurare da ke da shimfiɗar sararin samaniya. A cikin gandun daji, waɗannan sune yawancin agrolandscapes. Yana ciyar da akasarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta; yayin raguwar adadin voles da wasu nau'ikan jijiyoyi, ana iya ciyar da kwaɗi, kajin, har ma tsutsotsi da mollusks. Kusan ba ya farautar daji a cikin daji, yawanci yakan nemo ganima a wani wuri a cikin jirgin sama mai tsayi daga tsawan 30-50. Sau da yawa yakan yi amfani da dogayen tarho da bushe-bushe bishiyoyi don kare wadanda abin ya shafa da hutu. Ya tashi zuwa layin tsakiyar daga hunturu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙarshe.

Gidaje a cikin gandun daji iri daban-daban tare da gefan share, a kusa da wuraren bude wuraren. A cikin yankin steppe, nests suna cikin katako mai yawa, belts na gandun daji, da gandun dazuka. Wasu nau'i-nau'i suna da yankuna na dindindin; wasu kuma suna cikin sabon wuri kowace shekara. Sun gina gida a kan bishiyoyi 2 - 20 m daga ƙasa, wani lokacin sukan mamaye baƙi, suna inganta su. Girman diamita na gida shine 0.3-1.2 m, tsawo na ginin yana zuwa 1 m, ciyawa yana cikin rufin, ana maye gurbin rassan kore lokaci-lokaci tare da gefen tire. A cikin kama, yawanci 2-4 qwai tare da datti farin kwasfa, an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa da launin shuɗi. Yin kiyayya yana kasancewa daga kwanaki 28 zuwa 38, Namiji yakan kawo abinci ga mace mai kyankyasar, wani lokacin yakan maye gurbinsa na wani dan gajeren lokaci.

A gida, tsuntsayen manya ba masu tashin hankali ba ne, amma suna yiwa abokan gaba kwarin gwiwa. Farkon kayan alade na kajin sune launin ruwan kasa, na biyu shine launin fari mai launin shuɗi tare da farin tabo mai lu'u-lu'u a bayan kai. Chickks barin gida yana da shekaru 6-7 makonni. A cikin karancin mai-karancin, kajin ne kawai ke tsira har lokacin tashi. Tsuntsayen matasa suna yin jima'i tun daga shekara biyu. Daga canjin yanayi, dan sahun yakan yi kaura zuwa lokacin hunturu a watan Satumba da Oktoba, wasu tsuntsaye sukanyi jinkiri har zuwa lokacin kaka da ma lokacin sanyi.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Buzzard na yau da kullun, wanda kuma aka sani da sunazzai, mutane sun san shi tun zamanin da, kuma Karl Linnaeus ya kammala bayanin kimiyarsa a cikin 1758. An karɓi suna a Latin Buteo buteo, ban da wannan nau'in, wasu 'yan dozin uku sun kasance cikin abubuwan da ke da alamun gaske.

Buzzards suna cikin rukunin shaho. Dangane da sigar da aka saba da ita, wakilanta na farko sun bayyana jim kaɗan bayan an lalata Cretaceous-Paleogene, lokacin da aka 'yantar da adadi masu yawa na muhalli, gami da don masu farautar jirgin.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Abin da ɗan iska yake yi

Buzzard yana da tsawon 50-58 cm kuma yana da fikafikai 105 zuwa 135. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi iri uku ga tsuntsu: launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja da mai motsi, launin ruwan kasa mai ciki mai duhu, da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan launuka masu launi za a iya samo su daga samari zuwa tsufa. Mafi sau da yawa akwai tsuntsaye na nau'in farko, rarest na uku. Wani lokacin buzzards suna rikicewa tare da ƙwaro, irin wannan mai kama da launi, ana iya rikita su tare da wasu nau'in.

Amma akwai alamu da yawa, ana gano da yawa daga cikinsu na iya gane daidai wajan:

• Yana da kafafu masu launin rawaya, amma ya fi bambanta shi da launi na gemunsa: a ƙasan shi fari ne, sannan ya zama shuɗi, kuma a ƙarshensa ya shiga duhu,
• cornea of ​​the eye of buzzard mai launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda mai haske, sannu a hankali yana jujjuya launin shuɗi. Matasa galibi sunfi bambanta da juna, a kan lokaci launinsu ya zama mafi monotonous,
• Za'a iya bambanta ɗan sautsi daga ɗayan tsuntsu ta wurin matsayinsa: yana kamar an rage shi, kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana ƙarfafa kafa ɗaya. A koyaushe yana shirye don turawa tare da ita kuma ya fara tashi don farauta: har ma yayin da yake hutawa, ya ci gaba da zagaya cikin kewayen kuma neman abin da zai amfana da shi.

Waɗannan su ne manyan alamu, amma ya kamata a lura da wasu a taƙaice: Buzzard mai ƙarfi yana matsa wuya a wuyan jiki, wutsiyarsa a bayyane take kuma buɗe take, fikafikanta suna da fadi, akwai kwararan fitila a kansu, tsuntsu ba ya riƙe fuka-fukansa a layin jikin, amma kaɗan ya ɗaga shi sama, a mafi girma wani ɓangare na mutane, duhu yanki wanda yake wucewa gefen gefen wutsiya yana bayyane bayyane, amma wasu ba haka ba.

Bayanin da fasali

Tsuntsu ya fito daga babban dan karamin shago. Tsawon Jikin 55-57 cm, wutsiya mai shimfiɗa 25-28 cm, fikafikan da ke zagaye da fuka-fuki - kusan cm 120. Mata yawanci sun fi maza girma. Yawan nauyin mutane daban-daban shine 500-1300 g.

Bikin gashin fuka-fukin fuka-fukai suna da bambanci sosai da ba zai yiwu a sami biyu daga cikin mutane a aikace ba. Tsarin launi ya haɗa da baƙi, launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa, inuwa mai launin shuɗi.

A cikin wasu nau'in, zaren launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da tsarin juji a jikin fuka-fukan wutsiyar ya mamaye, a cikin wasu tsarin launin launin toka tare da alamomin baki da ratsi. Matasa musamman masu motsi ne. Onasan da ke jikin fikafikan tsuntsaye alamomin haske ne.

Wsunuka biyu masu launin shuɗi, baki yana haske a gindi tare da sauye sauye zuwa ƙwanƙwasa a ƙima. A idanunmu, bakan gizo mai launin ja, a cikin kajin an yi launin ruwan kasa mai haske, amma tare da shekaru, launi sannu a hankali ya juya launin toka.

Buzzards suna da kyawun gani, kyakkyawar ma'anar taɓawa. Masu ƙulla niyya suna da ji sosai, haɓaka ma'anar wari. Buzzards suna da hankali, wayo. Masu mallakar tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a cikin kurkuku sun lura da ci gaban wayewar kai.

Buzzard ya tashi

Nasal daga murya sanannun masana masana yanayi da yawa. Sautin da maza ke yi sun fi sautin mace. Suna sarrafa sauraron waƙoƙin su a cikin lokacin matse. Ragowar lokacin da masu buzz suke yin shiru, ba sa jawo hankalin kansu tare da tsawa ko wasu sautuka.

Saurari muryar mai magana

A tsarin rarrabawa ƙungiya ƙungiya, ƙungiya ƙungiya biyu suna mutunta abubuwa:

• buteo - salon rayuwa yana da halayya, an yarda da ƙaura zuwa karamin nesa,
• vulpinus - yana yin ƙaura daga nesa, banda yawan jama'a a cikin Himalayas.

Nau'in nau'ikan ungulu sune waɗannan:

• sananniyar kuka. -Aukaka matsakaitan mutane tare da launuka masu launi iri-iri. Rarraba a cikin gandun daji na Eurasia, jagoranci rayuwa mai daidaita,

• jan-tailed bazzard. Suna zaune a yankin Arewa, Amurka ta Tsakiya. Sun fi son wuraren daji kusa da wuraren bude fili. Sunan yayi magana akan fasalin launi. Fuka-fukan suna zagaye da juna,

• Buzzard. Manyan tsuntsaye masu fuka-fuki mai girman cm 160. Shugaban da kirjin haske, ba tare da tatsuniya ba. Launi na ciki, paws suna ja. Suna zaune a yankin Rum, yankin arewacin Afirka, Girka, Turkiyya. Duwatsu masu tsaunuka, jeji sun yi kyau ga mazaunin Buzzards,

• ƙwanƙwasa baƙo. A girman, tsuntsu yayi kama da na kowa. Bambanci yana cikin launi mai haske na ciki. Sunan yana jaddada aikin da yatsun kafa zuwa yatsun kafa. Yana zaune a cikin yankuna na arewacin Eurasia, a Arewacin Amurka, a yankuna tsibirin,

• Svenson Buzzard. Girman tsuntsayen sun yi girma fiye da na yan majalisa. Kuna iya gane bambancin ta wurin farin tabo akan makogwaro, fikafikan ƙasa mai laushi ba tare da aibobi ba, hasken ciki. Gudun ɓoye yayi kama da motsin abin wasa. Yana zaune a Kanada, Mexico. Wintering kashe zuwa California, Florida,

Abu ne mai sauki ka gane bugun Svenson da farin dutsen ya saka a makogwaron

• hanya bazzard. Ya yi kama da fatarar tsuntsaye. Launi na baya yana da launin toka, tummy mai haske ce rawaya da ratsi ja. Dazuzzuka daga tropics da subtropics jawo hankalin wadannan tsuntsaye,

• Galapagos Buzzard. Birdsananan tsuntsaye masu ruwan kasa. Grey mai launin toka yana ƙawata wutsiyar. Wannan nau'in yana da matuƙar gargaɗi ga babban tsibirin Galapagos,

• Buzzard dutse na Afirka. Tsuntsaye masu matsakaici tare da duhu-duhu na baya. Ciki na ciki ya yi fari sosai. Yana zaune a cikin kasashen Afirka a tsakanin tsaunuka da tsaunuka a tsaunin da ya kai 4500 m sama da matakin teku,
• Madagascar Yana zaune a cikin yankuna daga bude tuddai zuwa tsaunukan tsaunukan wurare masu zafi da kwari,

• Buzzard Buzzard. Bayyanar yayi kama da Buzzardi. Firam shine mafi yawan launin ja-kasa-kasa. Gidajen buɗe wuraren - a cikin tsaunukan tuddai, a cikin tsaunukan Altai, Manchuria. A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsu ya tashi zuwa China, Turkestan, Iran,

• m ungulu. Headan ƙaramin kai da beke mai ƙarfi ya bambanta dutsen da ke zaune a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. Buzzard yana da kayan toka-toka da wutsiya mai launin ja,

• kifayen kifi. Ana ajiye shi kusa da ruwa a cikin dazuzukan daji. Yana zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe masu zafi na tropics na Mexico, Argentina. Spiked paws

• shaho bazzard. Yayi kama da ƙaramin iska. Jinsi a gabashin Asiya. Hawk Buzzard - saukin gani.

Ina ne ungulu take zaune?

Hoto: Buzzard a cikin jirgin sama

Inda suke zaune da manyan yankuna, gami da:

• kusan duk Turai, gami da Turai ta Rasha - ba wai kawai su ne a arewacin Scandinavia ba,
• kudu da yankin Asiya na Rasha,
• Caucasus,
• Asiya orarami
• Kusa da Gabas,
• Iran,
• Indiya
• mafi yawan Afirka.

Oftenarancin lokaci fiye da yankuna da aka lissafa, ana iya samun buzzard a cikin ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya - China, Korea, Japan. Yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a tsakiya, kuma wakilai ne kawai na wakilai masu rarrafe, watau ƙarami ko manyan hotuna, suna tashi kudu a kaka. Suna zaune a Rasha, Scandinavia da Gabashin Turai, kuma suna tashi zuwa hunturu a Indiya da Afirka.

Dukda cewa wasun su bazaiyi nisa ba don lokacin hunturu, zuwa gaɓar tekun kusa da Tekun Baƙi da Caspian: zuwa waɗancan yankuna inda koda a cikin hunturu ake sanyi, amma babu dusar ƙanƙara. Tsuntsun da ke da zafi-yana da matsakaici kuma zai iya samun nasarar tsira daga yanayin sanyi na Turai. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha ana rarraba buzzards daidai gwargwado, suna rayuwa galibi a wuraren da gandun daji suke musayar ciyayi da filaye, inda ya dace da su yin farauta. Har ila yau, suna son gandun daji, musamman waɗanda ke cikin tsaunuka.

A cikin yankin Asiya na Rasha da kuma arewacin Kazakhstan, an zaɓi yanki mai cike da gandun daji. Yawancin lokaci sukan zabi wurare kusa da jikin ruwa don sasantawa, zasu iya rayuwa akan kankara, kodayake sun gwammace bishiyoyi. Suna son ƙasa mai laushi, amma ba sa zaune a kan tsaunuka masu tsayi: matsakaicin matsakaicin girman da suke kafawa baya wuce 2,000 m, yawanci tsakanin 200-1,000 m.

Yanzu kun san inda buzu yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ta ci.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Yaɗuwar rarraba buzzards nau'ikan nau'ikan ya rufe filayen da tsaunuka. Buzzards ba su barin baƙi zuwa cikin wuraren zama. A sararin sama, a cikin gandun daji, suna matukar kai hari ga baƙi, suna korar su daga sararin samaniyarsu.

Zaku iya gane kukan dutsen a dajin ta hanyar halayyar sa - tsuntsaye suna zaune akan rassan da aka juya kuma kafafuwansu suna guga. Wannan baya hana su taka tsantsan da sanya ido kan abin da ke faruwa kuma su nemi ganima. Ko da a hutu, tsuntsaye ba sa rashin kulawa.

Buzzard yana tashi a hankali, a hankali, sau da yawa yana mamaye sararin kore tsawon lokaci. Bayan ganima, tsuntsu yayi saurin tashi, yana rungume fikafikansu biyu a jikin. Matso kusa da ƙasa sananniyar kuka da sauri yada fikafikanta kuma ta kama ganima tare da sanya hannun ta.

A cikin farauta, ba kawai kyakkyawar hangen nesa da taimako na ji kawai ba, har ma da wayo, ɓarna, hikima. Irin wadannan halayen suna kubutar da masu kare kansu daga makiya na halitta. An lura da cewa kafin cin dare, buzzards sun rikita waƙoƙin don babu ɗayan majinyata da ke jin tsuntsun da ya tsere.

Binciken buzzards masu cin ganyayyaki suna cikin fili. Tsuntsayen suna shawagi a sararin sama ko suna neman ganima daga tsauni, a inda suke kwanto. A can ne gaba daya har yanzu ba a kula ba.

Yawan jinsunan ƙaura suna cikin garken dabbobi, je zuwa yankuna masu ɗumi a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu, gwargwadon yanayin yanayin. Jirgin sama na damina ya faɗi tsakanin watan Agusta da Satumba.

Me mai shan iska ke ci?

Hoto: Buzzard Bird

Tsarin menu na tsuntsu yana da faɗi sosai, amma ya haɗa da abincin dabbobi. shi:

Babban abincin da ke buzzard sune rodents - mice da sauransu, galibi ƙananan. Ana iya kiranta ƙwararrun mai farauta, tunda duk yanayin farauta ana buƙata ne don mafi yawan abin da za a iya kama mashinan. Amma, idan adadinsu ya ragu kuma yana da wahalar nemo ganima, to lallai ne tsuntsu ya canza zuwa wasu nau'in.

Sau da yawa a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, yana fara ciyar da kusa da jikkunan ruwa, inda akwai ƙananan 'yan amphibians, zaka iya samun tsutsotsi da mollusks - akwai abinci mai yawa don fashewa. Ba kamar filaye da wuraren ajiye ruwa ba, ba sa farauta a cikin gandun daji, wanda ke nufin cewa akwai karancin dabbobin daji a cikin menu. Yawancin lokaci, idan akwai wadatattun ƙwayoyi a cikin fage, ɗan iska ba zai zama barazana ga sauran tsuntsayen ba, amma idan ƙwayoyin sun zama kaɗan, yana iya fara ciyar da su kuma: yana kama ƙananan tsuntsaye, ya ci kajin da ƙwai. Idan mai kashe abinci yana jin tsuntsun da ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da kansa, yana tashi da ganima, to, yana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar shi.

Buzzards suna da haɗari ga masu maye da macizai, gami da kashewa da guba. Amma irin wannan farautar tana da haɗari a gare su: kodayake masu fashewar sun fi lalacewa, akwai damar da macijin zai iya cizo da tsuntsu. Sannan ya mutu daga guba, domin bashi da rigakafi a kansa.Kodayake ungulu sun fi son farauta, idan babu kadan ganima, suna iya cin abinci. Abincin wannan tsuntsu yana da yawa: mutum ɗaya zai iya cin ƙwanen dozin guda uku a rana, kuma yana lalata kowace shekara a cikin dubbai. Godiya ga wannan, suna da amfani sosai, saboda suna cutar da yawancin kwari kamar mice, moles, macizai mai guba. Matasan buzz suna kuma lalata kwari masu cutarwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sarych wani suna don buzzards, ana amfani dashi sosai. Wataƙila ya taso ne daga kalmar Turanci "sary", wanda aka fassara a matsayin "rawaya."

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Buzzard a Rasha

Buzzard yana da ingantattun sifofin jijiya: yana da hangen nesa mai kaifi, kyakkyawan jin ƙanshi da ji mai daɗi. Duk wannan yana ba shi damar farauta yadda ya kamata, kuma nisanta daga gare shi ke da wuya. Bugu da kari, buzzards suma tsuntsaye ne masu wayo, wannan sananne ne musamman idan suka tsinci kansu cikin fursunoni - suna iya baiwa mutane mamaki da sauri da wayo. Buzzards sukan tashi a hankali, amma suna yin shi a hankali kuma suna iya zuwa kusa da wanda abin ya shafa ba'a gano su ba. Suna dogaro ne da mamaki da jefa kai. Zasu iya tashi da sauri, amma ƙasa da sauran tsuntsayen, har da manyan.

Fiye da fikafikan su sun dace da soar sannu a hankali cikin iska - zuwa wannan ba sa yin wani ƙoƙari. Zasu iya tashi kamar wannan sa'o'i da yawa a jere kuma duk tsawon lokacin suna bincika ƙasa a ƙasa, kuma lokacin da mai fashewa ya ga mai yiwuwar cutar, sai ya faɗi ƙasa da dutse, yana buɗe fuka-fukansa, yana shimfiɗa su kawai lokacin da ya kusan kusa da ƙasa.

Lokacin ficewa daga wannan ganiya yana haɓaka da sauri, kuma mafi mahimmanci, shine ya zama ba tsammani, wanda ke bawa tsuntsu damar kaiwa ga ganima tare da abin da take faɗi kafin ta fahimci abin da ke faruwa. Kodayake yawanci dan iska ne lokacin farauta yana nuna zurfin lalata, amma wani lokacin yakan wuce gona da iri, baya lura da cikas da haddura a cikinsu. Buzzards na iya zama na dogon lokaci a kan bishiya, galibi kan zabi bushe ko rashin rassa a gefe guda don kyakkyawan gani, ko a kan ginshiƙi - jira jiran ganima. Wannan shine yadda suke ciyar da yawancin lokacin su, kuma suna hutawa cikin duhu.

A kudanci, mutane masu ƙaura suna yin shimfiɗa a cikin manyan garken tun daga kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba, ya danganta da yawanci, kuma yawanci duk suna tashi lokaci guda, saboda haka wata rana suna tashi da yawa, kuma a ɗayan ɗayan nan da nan ya zama fanko. Suna dawowa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kuma tsuntsaye kalilan sukan tashi da baya: yara kanana sukan zauna a wuraren hunturu tsawon shekaru. Buzzards suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci: shekaru 22 zuwa 27, kuma a fursuna har zuwa 35.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Buzzard na gama gari

Lokacin mating yana farawa kai tsaye bayan isowa. Maza suna ƙoƙarin nuna kansu matakalar jirgin sama don daidaita kansu. Lokacin da ma'aurata suka ƙaddara, sai ta gina gida ko ta mallaki tsohon kuma kawai zata gina ta. Wasu lokuta waɗannan nests asali mallakar wasu tsuntsaye ne, mafi yawan lokuta crows. Sun fi son gina gida a cikin zurfin gandun daji, amma kusa da gefen ta, yayin da itacen zai iya zama duka coniferous da deciduous. Gida yana cikin babban cokali mai ƙarfi na tsayi a cikin tsawon mita 7-15. Buzzards suna ƙoƙarin sa shi daidai da wahala a lura duka biyu daga ƙasa da kuma daga bisa. Da wuya, a gida na iya zama kan dutse.

Girman dutsen yana da 50-75 cm, ƙarami ne a tsayi - 20-40 cm Duk kayan da aka saƙa shi ne katako a bushe ta bushe - sun fi kauri daga gefen, kuma mafi kusantar cibiyar, da sirara. A tsakiyar tsakiya akwai lokacin hutu don kajin daga bakin ciyawa na bakin ciki, amma an sanya shi da kayan masarufi da yawa: gashinsa, gansakuka, kwari, haushi. Idan daya daga cikin ma'auratan ya mutu kafin masarar, to wata tsuntsuwa ce za'a maye gurbin ta: bayan tantance nau'ikan, wasu 'yan wasu matan da suka rage sun zauna. Ana yin Masonry har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, yawanci ƙwai 3-5 a ciki. Shellansu shine launin toka mai launin shuɗi, yana da ja ko launin ruwan kasa.

Matsakaicin adadin ƙwai a cikin maƙura ya dogara da shekara: idan yanayin yanayi yana da kyau kuma akwai yawancin beraye a yankin, za a sami ƙari a kan matsakaici. A cikin shekaru masu fama da yunwa, kwai a cikin kama yana iya zama ɗaya kawai, kuma a cikin mafi munin shekarun, yawancin baƙi ba za su iya samun zuriya ba. Mafi yawan mace suna tsinkaye ne a ciki, wannan lokacin ya kasance har sati 5. Namiji a wannan lokacin ma ba ya birgewa, amma yana ciyar da mace ta yadda ba za ta iya tashi koina daga gida ba. Tsuntsu akan masonry bashi da tashin hankali, yana ƙoƙarin yin ƙasa lokacin da baƙi suka bayyana a kusa ko suka yi kuka mai ban tsoro.

Idan yayin kyankyasar sau da yawa ta damu, za ta iya barin abin kuma ta sake ta biyu - yawanci akwai kwai ɗaya kawai a ciki. Lokacin da kajin suka bayyana, farin ruwan duhu na launin shuɗi mai duhu. A karo na farko, namiji yana tsoma bakin abinci dominsu, kuma mace ta rarraba, ta yadda kowa ya sami rabonsa. Lokacin da kajin suke maye gurbin ruwan kwalliyar launin ruwan kasa da launin toka, duka iyayen sun fara samun abinci - ya yi yawa. daga nan sai kawai suka fara jefa abinci a cikin gida, kajin kuma suka raba shi kuma galibi zasu fara fada da juna.

Mafi yawan shekara, da more kajin tsira. Idan ya zama mai kitse, to tabbas mafi yawan mutane 1-2 za su tsira kafin jirgin. Buan matasa suna koyon tashi sama a sati 6-7 na rayuwa, kuma idan suka mallaki jirgin da kyau, sai su bar iyayensu su fara farauta da kansu - wannan yakan faru ne ƙarshen ƙarshen Yuli. Kayan kajin na iya tashi kafin rabin farkon Satumba, galibi suna fitowa ne daga matse na biyu. Tsuntsaye daga wannan ɗan tsintsiya ɗaya suna ci gaba da kasancewa tare a cikin lokacin da ya rage har zuwa tashi zuwa kudu, kuma sunyi ƙaura har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Wasu 'yan wasan buzz sun yi layi har zuwa Nuwamba kuma wataƙila za su iya kasancewa don hunturu.

Abokan gaba na masu sihiri

Hoto: Buzzard a cikin hunturu

Kama buzzard aiki ne mai matukar wahala saboda hangen nesa da ji, saboda haka ma manyan tsuntsayen da ke farauta basa farautar sa. Amma ba zai iya samun cikakken tsaro ko dai: gaggafa, mahaukaciya, masu sihiri na iya kai hari ga burbushin abubuwa - kuma kowa yana ƙoƙarin kawar da shi.

Wadannan tsuntsaye sun fi girma da ƙarfi, don haka a cikin yaƙin tare da su ƙwanƙwasa na iya samun mummunan raunuka. Amma wannan yakan faru sau da yawa, inda yiwuwar rikici tare da wata bula yafi girma. Yawancin lokaci suna faruwa ne a lokacin matsewa, amma a wasu lokuta su ma suna iya yiwuwa saboda yankin - ba koyaushe isa ne ga kowa ba, kuma tsuntsayen da ba su da kyau ana tilasta su yin farauta a cikin ƙasashen waje.

A cikin irin wannan rikicewar, ɗayan ko ma tsuntsayen biyu na iya fuskantar mummunar yatsan baki da baki. Za a kori mai asara, kuma wanda ya ci nasara zai karɓi ko kuma ya ci gaba da mallakar yankin. Tsarin da tsuntsu ke rasawa bashi da ikon farauta kuma yana iya mutu sakamakon raunuka da matsananciyar yunwa - saboda don rauni ya yi yawa, yana buƙatar cin ƙarin.

Mazauna karkara suna haifar da babbar illa ga masu fashewa: manyan tsuntsaye kamar shaho da kuɗaɗe na iya kama wannan, har da ƙananan - --watsun, magpies, kamar martens tare da weasels don jin daɗin ƙwai da kajin. Amma bazzarin ba sa fama da illa mai yawa daga gare su kamar yadda sauran tsuntsayen suke yi, saboda ba safai ake cire mace daga gidan ba.

Daga cikin magabatan bokaye wani mutum ne: alal misali, a cikin USSR an dauke su kwari ne kuma an sanya lada saboda warwatsewar su, saboda kowace shekara dubunnan suka kashe su. A wasu ƙasashe, an kuma aiwatar da wannan, kuma a wasu wuraren har yanzu ana kashe su ba tare da izini ba.

Amma ƙarin tsuntsayen a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da masana'antun sunadarai suka lalata ƙasar - alal misali, don kashe kwari. Tara irin waɗannan guba a jikin buzzards yana haifar da mutuwarsu ta farko.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Abin da ɗan iska yake yi

Yawan nau'in halittu sun isa sosai da za a rarrabe su ba su haifar da damuwa ba. Idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki a farkon rabin ƙarni na ƙarshe, an sami babban ci gaba. Sannan an lalata manyan barori a matsayin kwari, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar lambobinsu a Turai da Rasha a wasu lokuta.

Bayan haka ya zama a bayyane cewa waɗannan "kwari" suna yin aiki mai mahimmanci, suna lalata ƙwayoyin wuta da sauran kwari na gaske. Dukda cewa sauran tsuntsayen ganima suma suna yin hakan, amma buhunannan suna daya daga cikin mafi yawa kuma masu tasiri.

Sakamakon raguwar adadinsu, daidaitawar dabi'a ya rikice kuma akwai masu ƙarancin yawa, saboda haka, an haramta farauta a kusan dukkan ƙasashen Turai, daga baya lambobin su suka fara murmurewa.

An kiyasta yawan Europeanan ƙasar Turai a yanzu mutane miliyan 1.5, yana mai da Buzzard ɗaya daga cikin manyan manyan tsuntsayen da ke cin abinci a Turai. A duk duniya, bisa ga kimomi daban-daban, ana iya samun tsuntsaye daga miliyan 4 zuwa 10.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da sigar daya, sunan tsuntsu - mai ban sha'awa, ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa yana haifar da tsayayyen kukan, kuma yana kusa da kalmar "buzz". Amma akwai wani zato: cewa ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Slavic "kanuti", wanda ke nufin "faɗuwa," saboda masu bautar suna farauta ta wannan hanyar. Kalmar “buzz” a wannan sigar, a akasin wannan, ta fito ne daga sunan tsuntsu.

Da sauri da kuma nimble ungulu ka iya ba da kamshi kamar mafarauci don galibin sauran tsuntsayen masu farauta. Da yake ƙauna tare da gefunan gandun daji, tsuntsaye sukan kwashe kwanaki suna yawo a filayen da kuma wuraren kiwo, suna neman dabbobi, kuma a cikin rana za su iya kama mutane 30-40, da ƙari sosai a lokacin ciyarwa. Don haka, suna da amfani sosai ga manoma, amma suna tilasta su kula da kaji - suma ana iya kwashe su.

(Rupornis magnirostris)

Tana zaune a sarari a sarari da kuma gandun daji a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma wurare masu rauni daga Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya har zuwa mafi yawan Kudancin Amurka da ke gabas da Andes, kuma tana guje wa gandun daji masu zafi.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 31-41 cm, nauyi shine 250-300 g, kuma maza sunkai 20% kasa da mace. Ta hanyar launi, hanyar buzzard tana kama da mahaukacin marowaci: saman yana da launin toka, ƙasan haske da launin rawaya. A kan wutsiya akwai ratsin launin toka 4-5. Akwai kusan adadin kuɗi na 12 na wannan buzzard, waɗanda suka bambanta da launi sosai.

Yawancin lokaci preys akan ƙwararrun matasa, ƙananan biri da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, manyan kwari, wani lokacin suna cin kananan tsuntsaye. Yana neman ganima daga tsayi, sannan ya sauka akan sa.

A mafi girma babban gida rassan is located a saman bishiyoyi.

(Geranospiza caerulescens)

An rarraba shi daga Arewacin Mexico zuwa kudu ta tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka zuwa Arewacin-Yammacin Peru da gabas zuwa rafin Amazon zuwa Arewacin Argentina da Uruguay. Tana zaune a wurare masu zafi da ƙananan wurare masu nisa tare da karkarar dazuzzuka, gami da gandun daji da gandun daji na dabbobi, fadama da katako, da savannahs. Yawancin lokaci mazauninta yana haɗuwa da kasancewar tafki. Wannan tsuntsu mai hutawa ne, yana yin jiragen sama na gida kawai.

Tsawon jiki shine 38-54 cm, nauyin maza shine 225-358 g, na mata 273-430 g .. Babban launi shine launin toka, ciki yana toka da ƙananan ratsin launin toka. Wutsiya tana da tsayi, ƙananan gefenta fari fari ne da ratsin baƙar fata, babba a baki yana da fararen abubuwa biyu. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi da kuma zagaye. Kafafu suna da tsami ja-ja.

Itace mai fatalwa tayi farauta ta hanyoyi daban-daban: yana hango ganima daga cikin gidajen kurkuku, sannan ya kama shi daga ƙasa, ya zagaya rassan, yana huɗuwa cikin kogunan itace, yana yawo a ƙasa a cikin wuraren buɗe, yana haɓaka ƙasa sama kamar yadda watanni suke yi. Yana da ƙafafu masu tsayi, wanda zai baka damar jan ganima koda daga ɓataccen yanki mai zurfi. Tana ciyarwa akan nau'ikan rodents, jemagu, lizards, ƙananan macizai, kwaɗi, kajin, manyan kwari da gizo-gizo.

Yana gina gida mafi girma akan bishiyoyi, sau da yawa a cikin lokacin farin ciki na epiphytes a tsawan 10-25 m. An gina karamin gida daga ƙananan rassan. Lokacin fara'a yana da dogaro da mazauninsu. A cikin kamawa yawanci 2 qwai fari ko launin shuɗi.

(Parabuteo unicinctus)

An rarraba shi daga kudu maso yamma na Amurka zuwa kudu zuwa Chile da Central Argentina. Yana zaune galibi a cikin sarari a sarari tare da yanayin iska. Tana zaune a ƙananan kwari, bishiyoyi marasa kwari ko dabbobin ruwa, ramadhan jeji, fadama mangoro.

Tsawon jikinsa shine 46-55 cm, fuka-fukin kamu 102-120 cm ne, nauyin jikin mace shine 546-850, gamin mace 766–1633 g. Babban launi jikinsa launin duhu ne, kafadu, fuka-fuki da kwatangwalo suna da launin launin fata, gindi da fiɗa wutsiyoyi fari ne. Alloli da kakin zuma rawaya ne.

Ana gudanar da binciken jejin cikin rukuni na mutane 2-7. Kungiyar ta ƙunshi mace mai girma, namiji da zuriyarsu daga shekarun da suka gabata. Membobin kungiyar ba wai kawai suna taimakon junan su ba ne a cikin farauta, har ma a cikin farauta. Wannan kyakkyawar maharma ce da ke da kayan farauta da yawa, gami da tsuntsaye masu matsakaici, kamar su ducks, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, masu shayarwa da manyan kwari. Tunda wannan kukan yana yawan farauta a cikin rukuni, hakanan yana iya kaiwa hari mafi girma wanda yakai fiye da kilogiram 2. Binciko don neman ganima a cikin ƙarawar jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ko kuma ta jira wasu 'yan farauta, an jera su a kan reshen ba shi da tsayi ko ƙasa. Sau da yawa ana iya ganinta zaune a ƙasa.

A gida shirya a tsawo of 10 m daga ƙasa a kan itace kadan, daji ko murtsunguwa. Wannan aikin an sanya shi ne galibi saboda mace, tsari ne mai ɗaukar nauyi na rassan, sandunansu da kuma tushen tare da rufi na ganye, ciyawa da guda na haushi. Kamawa ya ƙunshi daga 2 zuwa 4 fari ko ƙwaya mai haske mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Matar incubates na kwanaki 31-36. Karnuka suna fara barin gida a lokacin yana da kwanaki 38, kuma suna fara tashi yana da shekaru 45-50. Akwai brood 2-3 a cikin shekara guda. Tsuntsayen matasa suna iya kasancewa tare da iyayensu har zuwa shekaru 3.

(Parabuteo leucorrhous)

An rarraba shi daga Venezuela da Columbia zuwa kudu, ta Ekwado da Peru, zuwa Bolivia, kudancin Brazil da arewacin Argentina. Mahalli na wurare masu zafi da kwari masu kwari da tsaunukan daji.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 33-40 cm, fikafin nashi shine 67-79 cm, maza sunkai kimanin 290 g, mace kuma 389 g ne .. Babban launi baki ne, halayyar sifa shine fari fitila a gindin wutsiyar.

An sani cewa yana ciyarwa a kan dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwaɗi, kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta.

(Busarellus nigricollis)

Yada yawa daga Mexico ta kudu zuwa Argentina. Mahalli na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji, ciyayi, sarari ko sarari mai haske kusa da ruwa.

Tsawon jikin tsuntsu tsufa shine 46-58 cm, fikafikai 115-1 ne 143, maza sunkai 391-717 g, mace kuma 580–829 g. Babban launi shine launin ruwan kasa-ja, farin kai, baƙi “farfajiya” a wuya, fuka-fukai kuma wutsiya baƙar fata ce. Idanun suna da launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi, da kakin zuma baƙi, paws suna da fari-fari. Batun canza launin kifayen matasa ya fi na tsofaffi girma. Tsuntsu da ke zaune yana da bayyananniyar yanayin kiba Fuka fikaf suna da fadi da kuma zagaye, wutsiya takaitacciya ce.

Babban abinci shine kifi, wanda kifin kifi ya samo a saman ruwa ko kuma yana sauri ya shiga cikin ruwa, yawanci daga reshe na ƙananan itace. Spanan alamomi a kan ƙananan dabbobin suna taimaka wa tsuntsun ya riƙe abincinsa mai laushi. Wasu lokuta yana iya ganima akan kwari, kwaɗi, katantanwa da tsoka.

Kifi mai haushi kusa da fadama da sauran jikin ruwa, lokaci-lokaci akan filayen noma na mutane. Gida shine dandamali wanda ya ƙunshi rassa kuma wani lokacin ana yinsa da ganye, yana cikin kambi na itace a tsayinsa har zuwa 15 m.

(Butastur rufipennis)

An rarraba shi daga Senegal da Gambiya zuwa gabashin Habasha. A watan Oktoba da Fabrairu, suna ƙaura kudu zuwa Saliyo, Kamaru, arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Kenya da arewacin Tanzania. Locwanƙarar fari ta ɗanɗarau iri-iri ne: ana samun ta ne a tsakanin ƙazantattun bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa mai bushe da ciyayi a cikin tsiran tsirrai na jeji, ciyayi da ke da ciyawa da tsiran savannas, har ma da wuraren kiwo da filaye tare da bishiyoyi daban daban. Wani lokacin yana zaune a gefen gandun daji, ko gefen fadama. Koyaya, ƙwanƙwabin ƙaraɗar ƙaya ya fi son bude wuraren bushewa kuma yana matuƙar godiya da wuraren da wutar ta kwanan nan ta shude. A Yammacin Afirka, yana yin gajeren ƙaura a farkon lokacin damina, lokacin da ciyawar ciyawa ke tsiro da ƙarfi.

Tsawon jikinsa shine 30-35 cm, fikafi shine 92-106 cm, nauyin jikin shine 300-380 g .. Maza da mata sunyi kama da juna, dukda cewa mace tana da girma 7% kuma kusan 10% tana da nauyi. Zzan buɗe fari masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi-saman, tare da sikirin da ke cikin bakin duhu. Zabe a kai kai mai duhu ne. Akwai m "gashin-baki". Bodyasan jikin yana da ja tare da ratsi mai duhu akan kirji. Akwai babban tabo ja a reshe. Bakin ciki shine kirim mai haske a launi tare da firam mai baƙar fata, wanda ya kasu kashi biyu daidai sassan ta layi madaidaiciya. Gefen yana da rawaya a gindi tare da dubin baki. Wax da kafafu rawaya. Abun yadudduka baki ne. Iris mai launin shuɗi ne. Matasa 'yan buzz suna da jan launi mai kauri tare da ratsi a kawunansu. Rufe gashin fuka-fukai da baya suna launin shuɗi-baki tare da taɓa launin jan launi.Gashin gashin baki ya zama bayyananne. Gashin yana da launin rawaya. Wutsiyar tana da launi iri ɗaya da launi mai duhu. Iris mai launin ruwan kasa.

Zzan fararen kwari suna ciyar da kannuna iri ɗaya kaɗai ga kwari da ke rayuwa a cikin ciyawar ciyawa. Suna cin ciyayi waɗanda sukazo saman bayan ruwan sama ko wuta, gizo-gizo da ƙwayoyin dabbobi. Wani lokacin preys akan kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. A wasu wuraren, 'yan ƙabilar filaye sukan ciyar da dabbobinsu, su ɗauki ƙaramin tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma gwanaye waɗanda suka mutu a lokacin gobarar. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana neman ganima daga wani kwanton bauna, yana zaune a kan bishiya mai tsayi daga 3 zuwa 8 m, kuma ya nitse ƙasa don kamawa. Bugu da kari, farauta yana motsawa a doron kasa, musamman bayan kona ciyawa. Wani lokacin locan farauta sukan bi abin da suke ci a cikin iska, galibi suna bin garken ungulates, kwace kwari, waɗanda suke jin tsoro idan suna motsi.

Ana ajiye zzan buɗe ƙasa a cikin nau'i-nau'i na rabin shekara, amma yayin ƙaura da lokacin bazara suna samar da gungu na mutum 50 zuwa 100. Musamman yawancin tsuntsaye da yawa suna taruwa a wurare bayan rikicewar rikice-rikice. Lokacin farauta yana farawa a cikin Maris kuma zai kasance har zuwa watan Agusta. Tsuntsayen suna gina gida mai ƙarfi da zurfi na rassan, rassan game da 13-15 cm zurfi da cm 35 a diamita .. A ciki an yi layi tare da ganye kore. Gida yana kan bishiya a tsawon kafa tsakanin mita 10 zuwa 12 daga saman duniya, amma a wasu lokutan yanada yawa. A cikin ɓoye akwai ɗayan toaya zuwa uku na launin farar fata mai launin shuɗi tare da takaddara da yawa, aibobi ko launin ruwan hoda, cakulan ko launin shuɗi.

Zzan ƙanƙara take

farauta buzzard - skėrinis vanaginis suopis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Butastur rufipennis angl. ciyawar daji tahanyar buzu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. buan fari fari, M pranc. busautour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis tasha - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Buzzards -? Buzzards ... Wikipedia

Butastur rufipennis - skėrinis vanaginis suopis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Butastur rufipennis angl. ciyawar daji tahanyar buzu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. buan fari fari, M pranc. busautour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis tasha - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Heuschreckenteesa - skėrinis vanaginis suopis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Butastur rufipennis angl. ciyawar daji tahanyar buzu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. buan fari fari, M pranc. busautour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis tasha - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

busautour des sauterelles - skėrinis vanaginis suopis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Butastur rufipennis angl. ciyawar daji tahanyar buzu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. buan fari fari, M pranc. busautour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis tasha - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

ciyawar zaki - skėrinis vanaginis suopis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Butastur rufipennis angl. ciyawar daji tahanyar buzu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. buan fari fari, M pranc. busautour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis tasha - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

skėrinis vanaginis suopis - statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Butastur rufipennis angl. ciyawar daji tahanyar buzu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. buan fari fari, M pranc. busautour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - vanaginiai suopiai ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Alamomin waje na farauta

Buanƙarar ƙasa tana da girman jiki na 44 cm 8. Tsuntsu ya kai 92 - 106 cm.

Ustarasar Buzzard (Butastur rufipennis)

Weight daga 300 zuwa 408 g .. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici wanda yake da ɗanɗano tare da ƙanƙan ƙaramin karamin kai. Kafafu suna da tsayi, amma akwai ƙananan yatsu. Lokacin sauka, dogayen fikafikan sa sun kai bakin wutsiya. Duk waɗannan sifofi na halayyar, kuma musamman raɗaɗɗen jirgin sama da kangararru, sun bambanta shi da sauran nau'ikan masu alaƙa. Zzuda fari tana da jituwa tare da siffarram ɗin dala. Maza da mata suna kama iri ɗaya, duk da cewa mace tana da girma 7% kuma kusan 10% mafiya nauyi.

Launin rigar yana da sauki sosai, amma, abin birgewa ne.

Zzwararrun fararen fata masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi-saman, tare da jijiyoyin bakin ciki na launin duhu a jiki da kafadu. A kan kai, zubin launin duhu ne mai launin shuɗi, tare da filayen ganye mai duhu akan dukkan gashin fuka-fukai. Akwai gashin baki. Bodyan jikin kansa yana ja tare da ratsi duhu akan kirji. Akwai babban tabo ja a reshe. Bakin ciki shine kirim mai haske a cikin firam mai baƙar fata, wanda ya kasu kashi biyu daidai daidai ta hannun layi. Gefen yana da rawaya a gindi tare da dubin baki. Wax da kafafu rawaya. Abun yadudduka baki ne. Iris mai launin shuɗi ne.

Launin rigar yana da sauki sosai, amma, abin birgewa ne.

Buan wasa matasa suna da jan launi mai haske tare da ratsi a kai, a wuya tare da duhu bindigogi. Rufe gashin fuka-fukai da baya suna launin shuɗi-baki tare da taɓa launin jan launi. Gashin gashin baki ya zama bayyananne. Gashin yana da launin rawaya. Wutsiyar tana da launi iri ɗaya da launi mai duhu. Iris mai launin ruwan kasa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Abincin mai gadar yana dogara da abincin dabbobi: mice filin, beraye, hamsters, moles, squirrels da sauran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, wanda mai fashewar ya fi son abinci. Ganyayyaki na iya zama ɗan tsutsotsin matsakaici ko tsintsiya zuwa gaɓar teku. 'Ya'yan itaciyar fure, daskararre, cike, kwari suke zuwa abinci. Buzzard preys a kan tsuntsaye - bargo, pheasants, blackbirds, da sauran tsuntsaye masu matsakaitan matsakaitan abubuwa sun zama ganima.

Fitar da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi tsuntsu mai fashewa yana kawo fa'ida mai yawa. A cikin rana ɗaya kawai, har zuwa guda 30 na karamin kwari kwari ya zama abincinsa. A cikin shekara guda adadinsu ya kai kusan 11,000. Tunda ƙwayoyin dabbobi sune abincin da aka fi so na manyan baƙi, yayin lokutan rarraba su, tsuntsaye ba sa canzawa zuwa wasu abinci.

An san cewa macizai masu guba sun zama ganima ga manyan baƙi. Amma tsuntsu da kansa ba a kiyaye shi daga komowar kwari. Rashin tsari yana haifar da mutuwar buzu, idan maciji ya sami lokacin ciza shi. Yana faruwa da wuya.

Saurin kai harin shago ya kama wanda ya kamani da mamaki. A cikin aiwatarwa, kukan yana da sauri sosai cewa, da ya rasa, sai ya buga gangar jikin itacen, bango. A cikin yunwar, bawan zai iya cin abinci.

Abubuwan da aka yanka a ciki suna ba da fata don ci gaba da ganima, beak mai kaifi yana ba ku damar yanke fatalwar dabbobi.

Rage fashewa lokacin da ka farauto ganima

(Butastur teesa)

An rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Indiya, a Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar da Indonesia. A lokacin bazara, tana iya tashi zuwa cikin Arewa maso Gabashin Afghanistan. Yana zaune galibi a cikin filayen, amma ana iya samun shi a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas a tsawan sama da ya kai 1200 m sama da matakin teku. Ya fi son busassun itace.

Wannan siririn da karamin shaho yana da sauƙin ganewa ta farin iris, farin makogwaron mai duhu mai tsayi a tsakiya. Shugaban yana da duhu, runtsewar sassan jikinsa yana cike da tarkuna mai duhu, wutsiya tayi duhu, kakin zuma yana rawaya. Lokacin da tsuntsu yake zaune, tofin ƙashinsa kusan ya taɓa bakin wutsiyarsa. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 36-43 cm, fikafikai - 86-100 cm, matsakaicin nauyi - 325 g.

Yana ciyar da fari akan farawa, da ciyawar ciyawa, da crickets da sauran manyan kwari, wasu lokutan ma kanji bera, beraye da kwaɗi, haka kuma tana tattara kaguwa a gefen bankunan tafkuna da fadama.

Yana haifar da rayuwa ta kadai, wasu lokuta zasu iya riƙe cikin rukuni na mutane 2-3. Lokacin kiwo yana daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. A cikin ɓoye akwai yawanci 3 fararen ƙwai. Matan suna shiryawa kwanaki 19. Duk iyayen sun tsunduma cikin gini da kuma ciyar da zuriyarsu.

(Butastur liventer)

An rarraba shi a kudanci China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam da Indonesia. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai tsayayye a tsawon mil 800 na sama da matakin teku.

Tsayin jikin mutum shine 34-41 cm, fikafikai shine 84-91 cm, nauyin jikin mutum shine 336-340 g. Shugaban kai da ƙananan jikin sa launin toka ne da rawanin a kan kambi, wuya da kirji. Jikin babba yana da launin shuɗi-ja, kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren wutsiya mai launin ja. Umwararrun kananan tsuntsayen suna paler.

Yana ciyarwa a kan dabbobi, dabbobi masu shayarwa da manyan kwari.

(Butastur alama)

Yayi tartsatsi a gabashin Asiya - a Japan, Arewacin China, a Rasha a Primorye zuwa yamma zuwa ƙaramar Khingan, zuwa arewa zuwa bakin Kogin Bureya. Yana da wuya a ko'ina cikin kewayon. Wannan saurin tsuntsaye ne wanda yake yankan sanyi a kudu maso gabas Asia kuma a adadi kaɗan a tsibiran Indo-Ostiraliya. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka ko gauraye, cike da wuraren buɗe wurare, da fi son wuraren da ke kusa da fadama ko tafkunan, saboda gaskiyar yadda amphibians ke girke abinci.

Wannan tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici-matsakaici tare da tsawon tsayinsa na 41- 46 cm, fuka-fukai na 101-110 cm, tare da fikafikan tsayi da fadi, dogaye mai tsayi madaidaiciya, tare da dogaye, don mafi yawan tsayin daka, an rufe shi, an rufe shi da kananan scutes talus, tare da gajerun yatsunsu da yatsu. Maza manya da mata na kunar bakin wake suna da launuka iri daya, launin ruwan kasa a gefen ƙarancin tsami tare da tashi mai tashi da wutsiya, kan kai mai launin shuɗi, farar fata tare da madaidaiciyar launin shuɗi tare da amai da ratsi mai launin fata a kirji da ciki. Gashin baki da yatsun waɗannan tsuntsaye baƙi ne, huɗun, dajin da ƙafarku rawaya. Birdsan kananan tsuntsayen shaho wanda ke cikin fararen kaya na shekara-shekara sune launin ruwan kasa akan ƙarancin baya, mai farin jini a kan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke da launin launin shuɗi mai launin fata a kirji, ciki da tsintsiniyar tibia, tare da tabo launin fata a gefunan. Gashin jikin gashin kansa tare da iyakokin haske.

Abincin ya dogara ne akan frogs, macizai, lizards da manyan ƙwaro. Ba sau da yawa yakan kama voles da mice.

An gina karamin gida akan bishiyoyi daban-daban. An yi raga da tire tare da ciyawa ko ganye. Za'a iya amfani da soket din shekaru da yawa. Masonry ya ƙunshi farin fari fari biyu masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. Mace da ke sanya incubates tsawon kwanaki 30. Chickks kyankyashe a cikin marigayi Mayu - farkon Yuni. Suna jingina a cikin kwanaki 35 bayan kyan gani.

(Buteogallus schistaceus)

An rarraba shi a cikin kwandunan Amazon daga kudu maso gabas na Colombia da kudu maso gabashin Venezuela zuwa kudu, ta gabas Ecuador da Peru, zuwa arewacin Bolivia da gabas zuwa Guiana Faransa da Northeast Brazil.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 41-46 cm, fikafikai shine 85-99 cm Cikakken launi shine launin launin toka, duhu akan fuka-fuki da kai, wutsiya mai baki ne da fararen yanki mai launin fata. Da kakin zuma mai haske orange, idanu suna launin rawaya.

Tana birgeshi akasari akan dabbobi daban-daban ko dabbobin ruwa: frogs, crabs, macizai da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

(Buteogallus lacernulatus)

An rarraba shi a gabashin Brazil. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan da ke da ruwa da kuma bakin ruwa a tekun Atlantika. An yi shi a cikin girman 900 zuwa 1300 m sama da matakin teku.

Tsayin jikin mutum shine 43-48 cm, fikafikai shine 90 - 90 cm. A cikin tsuntsu mai girma, kai da ƙananan jikinsu fari ne, kuma jikin maɗaukaki baƙi ne. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce da farar fari.

Mai yiwuwa ciyarwa a kan dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da sauran wuraren motsa jiki.

(Buteogallus aequinoctialis)

An rarraba shi a bakin Tekun Atlantika, daga Venezuela, Trinidad da Tobago, Guiana, Suriname da Guiana Faransa zuwa kudu maso gabashin Brazil. Tana zaune a saman fadama ruwa, kogi, da ciyawar savannahs, kuma galibi ana samun ta a bakin kogin.

Wannan injin ne mai ɗanɗano tare da gajerun fikafikai da wutsiya. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 42-47 cm, tare da fuka-fuki na 90-106 cm Thearfin jikin mutum shine 505-655, kuma mace ita ce 725-95 g.

Yana ciyar da yafi akan katako ko wasu dabbobi masu ruwa. Karkuwa sun kama bayan ɗan nutsuwa cikin ruwa.

(Buteogallus anthracinus)

Yankuna daga Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, ta Tsakiyar Amurka, zuwa Venezuela, Kolombiya, Arewacin Peru, Trinidad, Tobago da Antarancin Antilles. Yawancin wuraren zama ana iya bushe su ne don bushe bushewar gandun daji da fadamakon fadamar ciyawar a gefen tekun;

Tsawon jikin mutum 50-55 cm ne, fuka-fukin fuka-fukinsa ne, 106 - 128 cm, yawan maza 793 g ne, mace 1200 g ne. Wingsan fuka-fukan gajere ne, kuma faɗinsa, ga wutsiyar kuma gajere. Janar canza launin baƙaƙe ne, a kan wutsiya akwai farar fari fitila, gefen wutsiyar fararen fata ne, paws da kakin zuma suna da rawaya.

Yana ciyarwa a kan katako, abubuwa masu rarrafe, kifi da ƙwai tsuntsaye. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai saurin hawa, yana jira na dogon lokaci don farauto ko neman shi a jirgin ƙasa mai sauƙi. Kifi kama daga saman ruwa

Yana gina gida a kan bishiyoyi, sau da yawa mangrove, a tsawon 15 zuwa 35 m sama da ƙasa. Dandali ne na busassun rassan. Mafi yawan lokuta ana yin amfani da ɗan ƙasa. A cikin kama 1-3 qwai suna da fari tare da launin ruwan kasa.

(Buteogallus gundlachii)

Cuba mai dorewa. Yana kiyaye gefen tekun kuma a cikin bishiyoyi masu kusa, wasu lokuta ana samun su a wurare masu tsaunukan katako, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙasa da 800 m sama da matakin teku.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 43-52 cm Cikakken launi launin ruwan kasa-baki ne, mai cike da launin toka-toshi a idanu. A cikin jirgin, ana fara ganin fararen fata a gindin gashin fuka-fukan, a kan wutsiya akwai farar fararen fata, paws da kakin shuɗi.

Yana yawan cin abinci ne a kan katako kuma yana cin kananan dabbobi, kifaye, beraye da kuma tsuntsaye.

Waɗannan waɗannan tsuntsayen aure ne. Lokacin kiwo ya wuce daga Maris zuwa Yuni, amma wasu lokuta kan iya farawa a watan Janairu. Gida an gina shi a kambi na mangoro. Rassan bushe suna aiki a matsayin kayan gini, kuma an ɗora kwandon da ganye. Matar ta sanya qwai 1-2.

(Buteogallus urubitinga)

An rarraba daga Mexico, ta hanyar Amurka ta Tsakiya, zuwa Peru, Trinidad da Tobago, Brazil da Arewacin Argentina. Tana zaune galibi gandun daji da tuddai na kusa da jikin ruwan.

A waje yayi kama da ƙaramin baƙar fata, amma da ɗan girma fiye da shi kuma tare da ƙafafu masu tsayi. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 51-65 cm, yawan namiji shine 652-1306 g, mace kuma shine 625-1006 g.

Yana ciyarwa a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi, tsuntsaye, kifi, kifayen filaye, 'yan amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, manyan kwari, ɗaukar kaya, wani lokacin yakan ci ƙwai tsuntsaye har ma da' ya'yan itatuwa. Sau da yawa farauta, suna tafiya a ƙasa a ƙafa.

(Buteogallus meridionalis)

Yankuna daga Panama, Trinidad da Tobago kudu zuwa Bolivia, Uruguay da Central Argentina. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji da wurare masu zafi, ciyayi, busasshen ciyayi, makiyaya da marshes.

Tsawon jikinsa 46 cm 64, mai fuka-fuki na 121-110 cm da kuma nisan 740-1069 g. Yana da fikafikai da tsawo. Janar na jikin mutum yana da launin shuɗi tare da ratsi mai duhu akan jikin mutum, akwai tabo mai launin shuɗi a kusa da idanun, fuka-fukan tsuntsaye baƙi ne, wutsiya tana da baki tare da fari fari, kafafu sune rawaya.

Yana ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsayen, da kwayayen alade, da macizai, da katako, da manyan kwari. Neman abubuwan farauta tare da masu ƙari, wani lokacin farauta akan ƙafa.

Gida an gina shi a kambi na itace mai tsayi, dandali ne na busassun rassan, tare da tire wanda aka liƙe tare da ciyawa. Akwai fararen kwai daya a cikin kama. Chickks sun yi alkawalin yana da shekaru 6.5-7.5 makonni.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Mace na baƙaƙu ana bambanta shi ta hanyar ƙarin daidaitattun ƙarancin maza idan aka kwatanta da maza. Babu sauran alamun banbanci tsakanin su. Halittar tsuntsayen tsuntsu sun tsira tsawon rayuwar tsuntsaye.

Lokacin yanka a cikin tsuntsaye masu aure suna farawa da farkon bazara. Wata gwagwarmayar sasantawa tsakanin maza ne don jan hankalin mata. Danan wasan iska, hayaniya a cikin iska, ana yin waƙoƙi don jan hankalin ma'aurata. Yin faɗa mai tsanani wani lokaci yana faruwa.

Buzzard gida tare da qwai

Kawancen kafa da aka kirkiro sun fara gina gida a kan bishiyoyi masu rarrafe, da wuya bishiyoyin coniferous. Tsuntsayen suna yin ginin tare yayin da suka kai tsayin mita 6-15 a cokali mai yatsa a cikin manyan rassan. Wani lokaci tsohuwar gida ta zama tushen dacewa.

Za'a iya gina sirrin iyali akan tsaunin dutse ya dogara da mazaunin tsuntsayen. Ginin tsuntsu an gina shi daga sahun rassan ciyawar busassun ciyawa. A ciki, kasan an yi layi tare da gansakuka, ganye kore, yanki na gashin dabba, gashinsa. Ana kiyaye gida a hankali daga baƙi.

A cikin kamawa, yawanci ƙwai 3-4, ba wuya 4-5, kore kore mai launi tare da sautuka masu duhu. Duk iyayen suna daɗaɗar saka jini a wata dabam har tsawon mako 5. Sabbin kajin na bayyana a kusa da farkon watan Yuni, suna bukatar kulawa akai.

An rufe jikin kowane karen duhu tare da duhu launin shuɗi. Mace a koyaushe tana kan "aiki", namiji mai ihu a wannan lokacin yana farauta don ciyar da babban iyali. Da farko, mace ta ci abin da aka kawo, sai kaji.

Lokacin da jariran suke amfani da su a cikin gida shine kusan kwanaki 40-50. Girma na matasa yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi, yana koyon tashi, yana barin iyaye a farkon watan Agusta. A lokacin kakar, mace ta Buzzard tana kulawa da sake kwan ƙwai da sake-kaɗa kaji idan ba a sami nasarar cukowar ta farko ba. Wannan yana a matsayin kariya ta halitta game da rikice rikice.

Rayuwar bazzards tana da tsayi, shekaru 24-25 ne. A cikin yanayin ajiyar kaya, a cikin bauta suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30-32. Buzzard a cikin hoto yana da girmankai, da alfahari. Haduwa da shi a cikin dabbobin daji babbar nasara ce. Ba sau da yawa haka, yakan tashi zuwa cikin gandun daji-wuraren shakatawa na birane.

Buzzards Chicks

Masana ilimin kimiyyar dabi'a sun lura da wani fasali mai ban sha'awa: inda buzzards suka bayyana, crows sun ɓace, suna tsoron mai farauta. Amma mai shege ba zai yi laifi ba, sabanin karnuka, kajin kananan tsuntsaye, rakodin wayoyi, riguna, tauraruwa, idan ya wadatar da beraye da fari. Kyakkyawan tsuntsu!

(Buteogallus coronatus)

An rarraba shi a Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia da Paraguay. Ya fi son yankunan da m: savannas, bude gandun daji, wooded foothills, steppes overgrown tare da shrubs.

Wannan babban dako ne da ke da tsawon tsawon sutari na 73-79 cm, fuka-fukai na 170-183, cm kuma kilogiram mai kimanin kilo 2.95. Tsuntsaye manya sun kusan cika launin launin toka a launi tare da babban crest a nape da gajeren wutsiya mai launin baki da fari. Ruwan launuka na kananan tsuntsaye launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa ne a bango da launin shuɗi tare da ratsin launin shuɗi-baki a saman kai da ƙashin jikinsa.

Yana ciyar da yafi kan dabbobi masu shayarwa: armadillos, skunks, weasels, rodents da birai. Hakanan yana iya cin dabbobi masu rarrafe (galibin macizai), kifi, raguna na gida, tinamu da kaji. Macen dajin da aka suturta kullun yakan kasance zaune, yana neman ganima, akan rassan manyan bishiyoyi, dogayen sanda, shinge da kuma a ƙasa.

Yana kiyaye shi kadai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Gida babban dandamali ne na sandunansu na bushewa tare da inci biyu na kusan m 1.2 da zurfin cm cm 8. An kafa shi tsakanin rassan itacen tsayi. Akwai fararen kwai daya a cikin kama. Sai kawai mace ta sanya cikin kwanaki 39-40, namiji a wannan lokacin yana samarwa mata abinci.

(Buteogallus solitarius)

Aka rarraba a Mexico, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Ana iya samunsa a tsaunukan daji ko tuddai. Rahotanni akai-akai na bayyanar wannan gaggafa a cikin filayen yawanci sakamako ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sauran tsuntsayen, yawanci baƙar fata mai fashewa (Buteogallus anthracinus), suna yin kuskure game da shi. Ba zai taba yiwuwa a tabbatar da yanayin lura da wannan gaggafa a cikin filayen ba. Mikiya bakar fata fararen halittu ne dan kadan. Yana da wuya a duk wuraren zama.

Canjin launin mikiya shine launin duhu mai duhu, mafi yawancin lokuta tsuntsun nan da alama baki ne, akan wutsiya alamun fari ne. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 63-76 cm, nauyinsa yakai kilo 3, kuma fuka-fukan ya kasance daga 152 zuwa 188. A waje, wannan mikiya tana da kama da silar dutsen fata (Buteogallus anthracinus) da kuma fashewar fasa kwarin na Mexico (Buteogallus urubitinga), amma yafi girma. Hakanan, fuka-fuki daga gaggafa masu saukar ungulu suna da fadi da yawa. Wadannan manyan fuka-fuki na musamman suna daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan siffofi na halittar.

(Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea)

An rarraba shi daga Gabashin Panama zuwa kudu, ta Yammacin Kolombiya da Ecuador ta Arewa, zuwa Arewa maso Yamma. Mazaunan wurare masu zafi da kuma mara zurfi a cikin gandun daji.

Tsayin jikin mutum shine 33-37 cm, tare da fikafikanti na 71-79 cm Babban launi na tsuntsayen balagaggu sune launin toka-fuka-fukai, fuka-fukai baƙaƙen fata ne, da farar fari mai faɗin fata wutsiya.

Ba a san kaɗan game da rayuwar wannan bazar ba. Mai yiwuwa ana ciyar da frogs, crabs, kifi da macizai na ruwa. Tana farauta a gefen rafukai da koguna.

(Kaupifalco monogrammicus)

An bazu ko'ina cikin yankin Sahara na Afirka. Ungiyoyin da aka fi so sune madaidaiciya, savannahs mai laushi, karkarar daji, da kuma bankunan kogi. Hakanan an samu, musamman a cikin hunturu, a cikin m bushes da savannas na Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka.

Wannan karamar karamar gashin tsuntsu tana da lafiyayyen jiki da kafafu mai tsayi. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 35-37 cm, fikafin nisansa yakai 79 cm, nauyin jikin mutum shine 246 g, mace kuma 304 g .. Akwai layin tsaye a tsaye akan farin makogwaro wanda ya bambanta shi da sauran buzzards. A ciki fararen fata ne da bakin ratsi mai bakin ciki. Abubuwan da ke cikin fararen kaya farare ne da fararen baki, wutsiya tana da baki tare da farar baki da farin fararen, idanu sunyi duhu-launin shuɗi, kakin zuma da paws suna launin ja-ja. Tsuntsayen yara suna kama da manya, amma sun banbanta da abin da ke cike da launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa a jiki.

Ba kamar sauran tsuntsayen da ke cin abinci ba, masu ɗaukar maɗaurin tsinkaye galibi tsakanin ciyayi mai tsayi ko wasu tsirrai na ƙasa. Wani lokaci yakan nemi ganima daga reshe, a tsayin 6-10 m, yana ɓoye a kambi na daji ko zaune a wurin buɗe. Abincin ya ta'allaka ne da manyan kwari, gwanaye da kananan macizai, gami da kwaya. Yawancin lokaci yakan ci babban ganima a ƙasa, amma ya fi son komawa reshe tare da ƙananan.

Waɗannan waɗannan tsuntsaye ne masu aure, suna haifar da ma'aurata don rayuwa. Lokacin kiwo ya wuce daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Duk iyaye sun dauki nauyin gina gidan. Gida ɗan ƙarami ne kuma m, kuma yana a ƙarƙashin kambi na itace, kusa da babban akwati. Twan ƙananan rassan suna aiki azaman kayan gini, an shimfide tire tare da bushe ciyawa, ganyen kore da lichen. A cikin ɓoyayyen akwai fararen ƙwai na 1-3 waɗanda mace ta sanya a cikin kwanaki 32-34. A wannan lokacin, namiji yakan bawa mace abinci, idan kuma kajin suka bayyana, iyayen biyu zasu ciyar da su cikin kwanaki 40 masu zuwa. Chickks sun zama mai cikakken 'yanci lokacin da suka kai kwana 90.

(Leucopternis semiplumbeus)

An rarraba shi daga gabashin Honduras da gabashin Nicaragua kudu zuwa yamma Columbia da arewa maso yamma Ecuador. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan ruwa da ke da ɗumbin yanayi.

Wannan ƙarami ne, mai samarwa da gajimare. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 31-36 cm, fikafikai 51- 64 cm, yawan namiji shine g 250, kuma mace ita ce 325 g.

Ba a ganin wannan ɗan iska da gudu, amma ya fi son zama a kan reshen itace mai tsayi, yana neman ganima. Yana ciyarwa a kan ƙamus, macizai, ƙananan tsuntsaye da tururuwa marasa ƙwazo.

(Leucopternis melanops)

Rarraba a cikin Amazon, galibi arewacin babban kogin gado, duk da haka, akwai yawancin jama'a zuwa kudu, a cikin jihohin Brazil, Para, Acre da kudu maso gabashin Peru. Yana haifar da ruwan sama mai zurfi da gandun daji.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 35-43 cm, fuka-fukin sau 65-78 cm ne, nauyin namiji shine 297-317 g, mace kuma itace 329-380 g.

Yana ciyar da yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe, amma kuma yana cin kajin da manyan kwari. A lokacin farauta daga reshe zuwa reshe, tsayawa a wuri don da yawa mintuna.

(Leucopternis kuhli)

An rarraba shi daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Gabas Bolivia zuwa arewa maso gabashin tekun Brazil. Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji na ruwan sama mai tsayi a tsawan sama da 500 zuwa sama da matakin teku.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 37-40 cm, fikafikan nisansa shine 65-76. Babban sifofi shine sanannan fararren bakin dake saman idanun.

Da alama suna ciyar da ƙaramin macizai da macizai, da kwaɗi da manyan kwari.

(Yariman Morphnarchus)

An rarraba shi daga Costa Rica da Panama zuwa kudu, tare da ƙafafun Andes na Yammacin Kolombiya da Arewacin Ecuador, zuwa Arewa maso Yamma. Tana zaune a tsaunuka masu zurfi da tsaunukan nesa da gandun daji. Ana yin shi a tsawan sama da 300 zuwa 2500 m sama da matakin teku.

Tsawon jikinsa shine 51-57 cm, fikafikaninsa ya kasance 112 - 124 cm, nauyin jikin yana da kusan 1000. Siffar dabbar tsuntsu tana da sauƙin kundin tsarin mulkinta kuma mafi tsayi da fikafikan, iyakar ƙarshenta yana da tsayi fiye da rabin wutsiyarsa. A launi da plumage na manya tsuntsaye a kai, kirji da babba jikin ne mai launin toka-m. Bottomasan da ciki na fuka-fukan farin su ne da ƙananan ratsin baƙi. Wutsiya tana duhu da fararen fari. Iris mai launin ruwan kasa. Wax da paws suna rawaya.

Tana farauta a karkashin dajin daji kuma da wuya ta bar yankin dajin. Yayin farauta, ya zaunar da hankali a kan reshe a matsakaici ko mai nisa, don neman ganima, ko ya faɗa a tsakanin bishiyoyi da kwace ganima daga ƙasa. Yana ciyar da akasari akan macizai, da kwaro, manyan kwari, katako, tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi, wani lokacin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, gami da kajin.

Gida yana tsakanin rassan babban itace ko kuma a cikin wani dutse mai tsayi sosai daga saman duniya. An ɓoye shi sau da yawa a cikin taro na tsirrai na epiphytic. Yana kama da dandamali wanda aka gina rassan kuma ya yi layi tare da ganye. A cikin kama akwai farin kwai ɗaya ba tare da launuka masu launi ba. Mace suna incubates mafi yawa kaɗai.

(Pseudastur na da yawa)

An rarraba shi a bakin tekun Atlantika daga gabashin Brazil zuwa kudu zuwa Uruguay da Northeast Paraguay. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji da ƙananan wurare masu zafi.

Tsawon jiki shine 47-51 cm, fikafika shine 118-129 cm A cikin tsuntsayen manya, kai, wuya, kirji, ciki, ƙarshen wutsiya da na baya suna fari, jikin na sama da fuka-fukan suna da launin shuki.

Yana ciyar da kan ƙananan tsuntsaye, masu amo, macizai da manyan kwari.

(Zazzabin Pseudastur)

An rarraba shi daga kudancin Mexico zuwa kudu, ta hanyar Amurka ta tsakiya, zuwa Peru, Bolivia da Brazil. Yankin rarrabawa a Kudancin Amurka yana da iyaka ga tasirin Amazon daga gangara na gabashin Andes zuwa tekun Atlantika.

Tsawon jikinsa yakai 47-51 cm, fikafikai 98-1117 ne, girman namiji shine 592-670 g, mace ita ce 695–855 g .. Shugaban, kirji, ciki da gefen fikafikan fukafukinsu ne, sashen na fikafikan baki ne, gajeren wutsiya kuma baƙi ne tare da fadi da fararen fari. Akwai ƙananan fannoni 4 waɗanda suka bambanta da launi, a cikin wasu ɓangarorin sama na fikafikan kusan dukkanin baƙar fata ne, a cikin wasu kawai gefuna baƙi ne.

Yana ciyar da yafi akan dabbobi masu rarrafe, da manyan kwari da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Za'a iya kwance ɗamara tare da abubuwan ƙari.

An gina ciyayi a saman bishiya. A cikin ɓoyayyen akwai kwai fari-mai-haske tare da aibobi masu duhu.

(Pseudastur occidentalis)

An rarraba shi a iyakantaccen yankin Yammacin Ekwado da Kudancin Peru. Tana zaune a wurare masu zurfi da danshi mai zafi da kuma gandun daji mara nauyi.

Tsayin jikin mutum shine 45-52 cm, fikafikan nisansa ya kasance cm 104 zuwa 116. Shugaban yana da launin toka ne, baya da kuma wajen fuka-fukan suna da launin shuɗi-da fararen digo, kirji, ciki da kuma fikafikan fuka-fukan farin, wutsiyar fari farare ne da baƙar fata.

Yana ciyarwa a kan karauka, macizai, dunkulallen hannu, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, tsintsayen duniya, kwamba da manyan kwari.

Buzzard Buhu yana watsawa

Buan fari yakan bazu cikin Afirka da ƙasashen Asiya mai zafi. Wurin zama ya hada da Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi. Sai kuma Kongo, Cote d'voire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Habasha, Gambiya, Ghana. Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa suna rayuwa ne a Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger. Ana samunsa a Najeriya, Senegal, Saliyo, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. An san ƙungiyoyi huɗu, kodayake wasu daidaituwa tsakanin su biyun mai yiwuwa ne. Subsaya daga cikin kuɗaɗɗan kuɗaice a cikin Japan da Arewacin Asiya.

Buan fari yakan bazu cikin Afirka da ƙasashen Asiya mai zafi.

Buzzard Habitats na cikin ƙasa

Farin fure a cikin ɗanyun dabbobin suna da bambancin abubuwa: ana samun su ne a tsakanin ciyayi mai dazuzzuka na ƙasa mai bushewa da kuma a cikin tsiren tsiro na jeji. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin ganyayyaki ana lura da su a cikin ciyayi masu yawa tare da bushes kuma a cikin savannahs daji. Suna da yardar ransu suna cin ciyawa tare da kowane itace da wuraren da aka shuka.

Wani lokacin buan fari sukan sauka a gefen gandun daji, a gefen fadama. Koyaya, wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cikin ganuwa yana da fifikon son zaɓin wuraren da ba a bushe, amma ana yaba matuƙar godiya ga wuraren da wutar ta ƙare kwanan nan. A Yammacin Afirka, ƙananan ungulu suna yin ƙaura zuwa farkon farkon lokacin damana lokacin da ciyawar ciyawa ke ƙaruwa sosai. A cikin tsaunukan tuddai, ana samun ƙuƙun buɗe ido daga matakin teku zuwa mita 1200.

Zzan fararen birni suna zaune cikin nau'i biyu na shekara.

Siffofin ustan fari na halayya

Zzan fararen birni suna zaune cikin nau'i biyu na shekara. A lokacin ƙaura da lokacin bazara, suna yin gungu na mutane 50 zuwa 100. Musamman yawancin tsuntsaye da yawa suna taruwa a wurare bayan rikicewar rikice-rikice.

A cikin lokacin matsewar, wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi sama da yin jirage masu tashi, tare da yin ihu da babbar murya.

A lokaci guda, suna yin dabaru da yawa, suna nuna tsalle-tsalle, dizzing swings, nunin faifai da flips na gefe. Haske na wadannan jiragen sama yana inganta ta hanyar narkar da fuka-fukai masu launin ja da ke haskakawa cikin rana. Lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya ƙare, sai farauta ta zama matsananciyar wahala, kuma sukan cinye mafi yawan lokacin su akan kananzantattun rassan bishiyoyin bushe ko katako.

A lokacin rani da lokacin damuna, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ta yawo kudu. Nisan da tsuntsayen ke cin abinci yakan kasance tsakanin 500 zuwa 750 kilomita. Lokacin ƙaura ya faɗi a kan Oktoba - Fabrairu.

A cikin lokacin matsewar, wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi sama da yin jirage masu tashi, tare da yin ihu da babbar murya.

Sake bugun locan fari

Lokacin farawa don farauta ƙaiƙayi yana farawa a cikin Maris kuma yana wuce zuwa watan Agusta. Tsuntsayen suna gina gida mai ƙarfi da zurfi daga rassa, rassan game da 13 - 15 santimita zurfi kuma tare da diamita na 35 santimita. Yayi layi tare da ganye kore a ciki. Wani kan gado ya rataye shi a jikin bishiya a tsawon nisan mita 10 zuwa 12 daga doron kasa, amma a wasu lokutan yana ragu sosai. A cikin ɓoye akwai ɗayan toaya zuwa uku na launin farar fata mai launin shuɗi tare da saƙo da yawa, aibobi ko launin ruwan hoda, cakulan ko sautin m.

Sanadin ƙone ƙasa da faduwa

Yawan buanƙarar fari ya ragu a cikin gida sakamakon matsanancin fari da na lokaci-lokaci. Nesting ƙi yana faruwa a Kenya. Canjin yanayin kajin ya shafi mummunan sauye sauye a cikin yanayin muhalli a cikin Sudan - yankin Sahelian na Yammacin Afirka sakamakon yawan ruwa da kazantar daji. Rage ruwan sama a Yammacin Afirka zai haifar da barazana ga masu fashin bakin a nan gaba. Magungunan magungunan kashe kwari da aka yi amfani da su don farawa na iya haifar da barazana ga wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cikin ganyayyaki.

Halin da jinsin halitta a cikin yanayi

Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ake cinikinsu sunada yawa kuma sun zama ruwan dare a Kenya da arewacin Tanzaniya a wajen lokacin farauta, wanda ke nuna cewa adadin mutane yana raguwa sosai, haka ma a Sudan da Habasha. Yankin da aka rarraba yana gab da murabba'in kilomita miliyan 8. An kiyasta yawan al'ummar duniya sama da nau'i-nau'i 10,000, wanda shine daidaitattun mutane 20,000.

Dangane da wannan bayanin, ƙungiyar fara buɗe ba ta dace da ƙayyadaddun ka'idoji don jinsin masu haɗari ba. Duk da cewa yawan tsuntsayen na ci gaba da raguwa, wannan tsari baya faruwa da sauri kamar yadda zai haifar da damuwa. Speciesan fari na ƙuruciya suna fuskantar barazanar kaɗan ga lambobi.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.