Tsarin tsari na iyali: Microhylidae Gunther = Tsabtataccen-kiwo, ƙananan dawakai Latsa nan

HALITTA: Chaperina Mocquard = Gajerun hanyoyin Spurian

HALITTA: Chiasmocleis Mehely = Short Short na Amurka

Harshen: Choerophryne van Kampen = Hancin gajere

Harshen Genus: Cophixalus Boettger = Lazuni

HALITTA: Cophyla Boettger = Hanyoyin Hanyoyi Masu Gajerun hanyoyi

Ususoshi: Copiula Mehely = Farar fata

HALITTA: Ctenophryne Mocquard = Naran Takaitaccen Tsaguje Tako

HALITTA: Dasypops Miranda-Ribeiro = Lumpy Short-head

Harshen Genus: Dermatonotus Mehely = Carapace Narrows

HALITTA: Discophus Grandidier = Red Short-Haired

HALITTA: Elachistocleis Parker H. =

Ususoshi: Gastrophryne Fitzinger = Furrow kunkuntar

HALITTA: Gastrophrynoides Noble = Borneo Narrows

SAURARA QUAXI Iyali (Microhylidae Gunther)

Wakilai na wannan dangi (nau'in 262, 61 ne) suna yadu cikin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tarin tsibiri na Malay, a Arewa (Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka da Ostiraliya.

Halittar Microhyla na asali ya hada da nau'ikan 18. Halittar Kaloula ta ƙunshi nau'ikan halittu 6 waɗanda aka ƙware da ciyar da tururuwa da adodi; suna zaune ne a Kudanci da Gabashin Asia da kuma tsibirin Malay.

Gswararrun bishiyar bishiyoyin halittar Stereocyclops, suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka, suna da daidaituwa ta musamman ga ciyarwa na lokaci-lokaci. Fashin bakin ciki na bayan wannan dabba yana cike da daskararre tare da manyan gland wanda yake rufe wani ruwa wanda yake taƙura a sama, yana samar da nau'in ƙyamar dutse - wata hanya ce ta kariya daga tsauraran matakai. Baya ga wannan, zobe mai kashi ya kewaye idanun.

CAROLINA (Microchyla carolinensis) mazaunin Arewacin Amurka ne, yana da tsawon 30 - 35 mm. Wannan dabba mai rarrabe ta bambanta da sauran kwalayen a jikin kwai mai kama da juna, tana jagorantar rayuwa tagari kuma tana buƙatar danshi da ƙasa, yaduwar ciyayi. Yana ciyar da ranar a cikin ɓoyewa ko a gindin itatuwa. Balaguro daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon Satumba. Kukan namiji yayi kama da muryar llama. Matar, wacce tayi kadan fiye da namiji, tana sanya qwai 40.

NARROW SHORTWOOD (Microchyla pulchra) tsawon 28 zuwa 35 mm ya cika ko'ina a kudu maso gabashin China. Ta baya mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ko cakulan tare da tsararren tsari mai duhu da duhu mai duhu. A gaban cinyoyin cinya ne mai ruwan hoda zuwa ja. Yana zaune a yankin da yake da tarko, cike yake da ƙarancin ciyawa da tsirrai na kowane mutum. Zasu iya tsallake mita 3. Sun tsallake daga Maris zuwa Mayu a cikin ƙaramin tara ruwa. A cikin ruwa, talaka a cikin iskar oxygen, a 23-28 ° C lebur, kusan tadpoles daskararru suna haɓakawa, tare da bayyanar membrane a ƙarshen kafafunsu, yayin da matasa kwaroron ba.

NARROW EAST AFRICAN (Brevicept mosambicus) yana da alaƙa da tsarin mulki, mai gajeren zango, kusan ƙima, wanda ƙarshensa yana ba da izini, ƙaramin bakin da idanun sa gaba. Hannunsa gajeru ne sosai kuma suna a ɓoye cikin fatar jikin zuwa ga gwiwar hannu da gwiwoyin gwiwa, duk da haka sun sami ci gaba sosai. A diddige akwai masara mai siffa mai girma tare da tafin hannu, wadda take aiki don haƙa. A baya yana da datti mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, akan tarnaƙi - launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi. Zai iya zama monochromatic ko an rufe shi da nau'ikan aibobi masu duhu. A ko da yaushe akwai wani bakin fata mai kaifin baki wanda yake shimfiɗa daga ido zuwa sama da baya. Maƙallin ya kasance fari-fararen fata tare da babban tabo na baki a makogwaron. Tsawon Jiki 50 mm. A cikin adadi mai yawa yana bayyana bayan ruwan sama. Zamani mara kyau yayi jana'izar sa. Watakila ciyarwa a kan termites.

NARROW GUINEA NARROW (Asterophrys robusta) a cikin wannan itacen tsintsaye, ,an manyan ƙwai suna da alaƙa a sarari. Namiji ya lullube su da jikinsa yana rufe kugunsa na gaba. Dukkanin ci gaban yana faruwa a cikin kwan, ƙashin kuma wutsiyar yana aiki azaman sashen huhun numfashin tadpole.

NARROW SPOT (Phrynomantis microps) an bambanta shi da launi daban-daban na launi daban-daban. Gaba daya gefensa mai launin tubali mai haske mai haske mai launin zinare a tsakiyar baya, bangarorin kai da jiki suna da bambanci ta hanyar launi mai launi mai duhu kuma an saka launi mai launin baki a cikin launi na baya ta hanyar sifa mai faffadar kusurwa mai kusurwa kai tsaye daga kwatangwalo. Gefen ventral gefen yana da launin toka-toka tare da wasu ƙananan aibobi masu haske. Kai da girman da itacen rana matsakaici. Rashin ikon tsalle, rarrafe maimakon a hankali, amma yana ba da ra'ayin dabba mai sassauƙa. Ya san yadda za a yi amfani da zurfin koma bayan gida a ɓoye, da kuma kunkuntar wayoyi da ɓoyayyun hanyoyin. Yana ciyarwa akan lokaci.

Itatacciyar bishiyar bishiyar rayuwa mai tsayi

Ana samun su a cikin tsauraran wurare na duniya, suna jagorancin rayuwar ƙasa ko itace.

Wasu nau'ikan sun koyi rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai santsi, sakamakon abin da yanayin tadpole ya ɓace: mace ta sa ƙwayayensu a cikin ƙasa mai-daɗaɗɗu, wanda metamorphosis ke faruwa, wanda ke haifar da ɗan gajeren lokacin haɓaka.

Atwararrun squat suna aiki da yawa a yamma. Muhimmin lokacin da aka kashe a mafaka

Yawancin nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu fika-fizik kuma sun kware akan ciyar da kwari da tururuwa. Thean itacen tsattsage-yatsun itace da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka suna ciyar da amfanin gona.

Yanayi ya kare wadannan kwaroyin bishiyoyi daga cizon kwari: a bayansu akwai tarin yawa na glandon gwari, wanda ruwa yake sanya iska a cikin iska, wanda yake haifar da wani nau'in harsashi. Baya ga kwasfa, idanu suna kiyaye shi ta zoben kashi.

Akwai nau'ikan kifayen bishiyoyi masu fikafikai

A dangin kunkuntar, akwai ƙananan yankuna goma sha huɗu, guda 54, da kuma kusan nau'ikan 175. Dangane da bayyanar da sifofi na tsarin, wadannan kwayoyin bishiyar suna da bambancin yanayi. Anan ga wasu nau'ikan nau'in kwalayen itace-katako:
• Tsuntsayen Amurka-maraice,
• Shiga-kunkuntar masu shigo da
• Bumpy-gangarawa kunkuntar-breeds,
• gajeren wando,
• Yanke gajerun yan gaza,
• narrowarancin-band kunkuntar
• Lazuny,
• Farar fata,
• Jawo wando,
• Hannun wando,
• Furrow kunkuntar,
• llan gajerun hanyoyin Shell da kuma wasu da yawa.

Itatuwa-iri-iri sune masu sihiri iri iri. Mace ta sanya ƙwai a cikin tafki inda tadpoles ke ci gaba.

Bari muyi cikakken bayani game da nau'ikan kifayen bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa.

Carolinka

Wadannan kananan-foxes suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Tsawon jikin carolinka yakai mil 30-35.

Carolina tana da matukar tsuma. Sun bambanta da sauran membobin dangi a cikin kamannin jiki mai kama da kwai.

Caroline rayuwa rayuwa taguwa. Suna zaune a wurare masu wadataccen ƙasa da ciyayi. Da rana suna ɓoyewa a cikin ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lalata itatuwa.

Lokacin matsewa na carolina ya faɗi a kan Afrilu-Satumba. Maza suna kururuwa kamar llamas. Mata sun fi maza yawa. Akwai kimanin ƙwai 40 a cikin ɓoyayyen carolinka.

Carolinka (Gastrophryne carolinensis).

Gabashin Afirka ya fadi

Tsawon tsayin jikin mutum na Gabashin Afirka ya kai mil 50. Siffar halayyar waɗannan tsutsotsin bishiyar ƙazamta ce, ƙaramin kai, ƙyallen maƙalar idanu, idanun da aka sa ido gaba da bakin m. Cikakkun kunkuntar na Afirka ta Gabas suna da gajerun kafafu, har zuwa gwiwar gwiwar hannu da suke boye a cikin fata, amma wata gabar jiki tana da kyau. A kan diddige akwai babban masara mai nunawa, wanda ake amfani da shi don tono ƙasa. A baya datti ne mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, kuma bangarorin sun yi launin shuɗi.

Launi na iya zama monochrome ko tare da launuka masu duhu. A kasadar akwai wani bakin murfi na baki, yana shimfiɗa daga idanun sama da baya. Ciki da makogwaron suna da fari-fararen fata. Akwai babban tabo na baki akan makogwaro.

Suna kashe mummunan yanayin lalata ƙasa. Abincin waɗannan tsutsotsin bishiyun ya ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu ne.

Narrowarancin kunkuntar na gabashin Afirka suna bayyana cikin adadi mai yawa bayan ruwan sama.

Bayani da salon rayuwa

Maballin YaroBreviceps macrops) - matsakaici-sikeli (40-60 mm mai tsayi) nau'in sikirin, tare da kunkuntar kewayo da rage lambobi. An yi fenti a cikin launi zuwa launi na muhalli. A bayan wannan tsintsiya, ƙananan aibobi suna bayyane a fili, wurin da girman waɗanda suke ɗauka daban-daban ga kowane mutum. A waje, waɗannan ƙananan ƙasƙantattu ne na Afirka waɗanda ke da wuya tare da zagaye na jiki, gajerun kai da ƙananan ƙanƙanen hannu. Ko yaya, sabanin sauran nau'ikan marubucin-kunkuntar, yana da manya-manyan idanu da kafaffun kafafu, masu kama da shebur. Latterarshe kayan aikin digging ne. Shortataccen gajeren hamada yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa da ta tona shi, ya bar shi kawai a cikin duhu.

Tataccen itacen tsintsiya

Tsawon jikin jikin kunkuntar katako mai tsayi ya tashi daga milimita 28-35. Wadannan frogs suna da yawa a Kudu maso Gabashin China. A baya yana da cakulan ko launi mai launin ruwan kasa-duhu tare da duhu duhu da kuma yanayin duhu da aka bayyana. Gaban cinyoyin cinyarsa ya fito daga orange-ja zuwa rawaya-ja.

Gsaƙƙarfan itace mai kifayen firam suna zaune a yankuna masu dausayi da ciyayi marasa ciyawa. Wadannan frogs din sun sami damar tsalle zuwa tsayin mita 3. Lokacin kiwo a kansu yana faruwa ne daga Maris zuwa Mayu.

Mace sa ƙwai a cikin kananan tafkunan. Flat da kusan tadpoles na zahiri suna haɓaka cikin ruwa tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a zazzabi na 23-28. Tadpoles suna da membrane na iyo a ƙafafunsu na baya, kuma a cikin manya babu membrane.

Canza launi na kunkuntar itace itace yawanci ja, ruwan lemo, launin ruwan kasa mai haske, furannin zaitun.

Narrowarancin kunkuntar

Wadannan kwalaben bishiyoyin suna da launi mafi kyau. Kashi na sama na birki mai haske ne mai launi, kuma tsakiyar baya yana ba da haske mai launin zinare. Gefar jikin da kai sun fito fili suna tsayawa kan janar, tunda suna baki cikin launi. Akwai baƙin alwatika a baya. A ciki launin toka-shuɗi ne da ɗimbin ƙananan fitila masu haske.

Motley ukzoroty sosai brisk, da fasaha amfani da ko da kadan gibba da abubuwan tushe waɗanda suke ɓoye, ciyar a kan termites.

Hannun gajerun gajerun hanyoyi basu da ikon tsalle, zasu iya rarrafe kawai a hankali.

Sabuwar Guinean kunkuntar

A cikin wadanan bishiyar bishiyoyin, namiji yana kulawa da masonry, yana rufewa da jikinsa ya rufe manyann dabbobinsa da na gabansa, hade da juna a cikin kintinkiri. Haɓakawa na faruwa a cikin kwai, saƙar kuma itace tadpole.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Habitat da bayanin dabba

A karo na farko, an gano Tomato Frogs ko Tomato Frogs a arewa maso gabashin yankin Madagascar a yankin Antongil Bay, daga inda suka samo takamaiman sunan su "Anthilia" - Dyscophus antongilii.

Gidajen gargajiya na kwalayen tumatir yanki ne mai cike da tsibirai ko na wurare masu zafi, kogunan ruwa, magudanan ruwa, filayen daji, filaye, gandunan karkara, biranen birni, tsaftatattun tsoffin gandun daji, tafkunan ruwa, kantuna da kwararar ruwa.

Rogan itacen tumatir ya fi son kasancewa kusa da ruwa, yana jagorantar rayuwa ta ƙasa, yana son binne kanta a cikin ƙasa, baya son tafiya mai nisa, kuma yana aiki da dare.

Manya Tomato frogs ne ke ciyar da kwari, sauro, kwari da sauran kananan kwari. Sukan farauta daga farauta, da haƙuri suna jiran abin farauta.

Tsawon rayuwa daga shekara 6 zuwa 8.

& nbsp Mata sun kai 10.5 cm tare da nauyin 230 g kuma ya fi girma fiye da maza, wanda tsawonsa ya kai cm 6.5 tare da nauyin 41 g.

& nbsp An yi imanin cewa launin ruwan tumatir mai haske na Tomato Frogs yana aiki ne azaman kariya ga masu hasara, ƙari da duk wasu nau'ikan tumatir, kamar sauran hianyan maraya, ba su iya saɓar jiki, suna ƙaruwa da girman su a ƙarƙashin barazanar. A yayin da aka kai hari, Tomanyen tumatir ya tona asirin, wani abu mai laushi da guba wanda ke fusatar da mucous membranes kuma yana sa maƙiyin ya saki ganima.

& nbsp Abinda ke hannun Tomato Frog cikin tsoro yana kunshe da gubobi wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan mutum a cikin mutane, amma ba ya haifar da babbar barazana.

Siffofin kiyayewa da ciyar da dabbar

An yi la'akari da tumatir mai tsalle kamar shahararren, mai biyayya, mai ƙauna da mai sauƙin sarrafawa. Don adana gsanyen tumatir, ana amfani da nau'in filaye na kwance tare da sako-sako da daskararru mai kauri tare da kauri akalla 5 cm.

Terarancin Terrarium don adana 2-3 Frogs na tumatir - 15 lita.

Maimaita magana: cakuda gansakuka, peat da humus hade da ƙasa.

Tsawon rayuwa Tumatir frogs 6-8 shekaru.

Mazauna cikin terrarium: busasshen itace, yanki na haushi, tsirrai da tsirrai masu rai.

Yin wanka: wata katuwar katako ta sake shiga cikin jaka tare da zurfin da bai wuce 1/2 tsawo na dabbobi tare da ruwa mai tsafta ba. Canza ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ake bukata domin tsabtace shi.

Mafi kyawun zazzabi a cikin terrarium: zazzabi daki na 22-25 ° C ya ishe, amma ba kasa da 18 ba kuma bai wuce 30 ° C ba.

Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi a cikin ƙasa: zafi tsakanin kashi 70-80.

Haske Terrarium: Don kula da lafiya, rana ba ta buƙatar wutar lantarki don ƙwayar tumatir, amma yana iya zama dole idan akwai tsirrai masu rai a cikin terrarium. Atoanyen tumatir a lokacin girma, don guje wa rickets, yana da kyawawa don samar da radiation ultraviolet mai taushi, ana iya kunna sa'o'i da yawa a rana.

Ciyar da manya tumatir Frogs: crickets, tsutsotsi na gari, beetles, earthworms, 2-3 days old mice da larvae na kwari. Akai-akai na ciyar - sau ɗaya kowace kwana biyu. An ba da shawarar a haɗe alli (sau 1-2 a mako) da kuma kayan abinci na bitamin-ma'adinan (sau ɗaya a mako) tare da kwari.

25.07.2017

Ruwan kunkuntar giya (lat. Dyscophus guinetti) yar Amruka ce mara wutsiya daga dangin Uzkorot (lat. Microhylidae). Wannan shine mafi kusancin dangi na kwayar tumatir. Littattafan Turanci suna amfani da sunan karya Tomato Frog. Kamannin suna monotypic kuma ba a samo asalinsu har zuwa yau ba.

Yaɗa

Kwalayen giya na daga cikin nau'ikan da ke cike da fitina na Madagascar. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na ruwan sama a gabashin tsibirin. Yankin arewa na iyakar yana wucewa a cikin gundumar gudanarwa na Sambava, da kuma kudu a cikin Vondroso da Soavala. Mafi yawan jama'a suna kudu maso gabashin Antsikhanak da Firenan.

Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin filayen gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da kwari mai zurfi a tsawan 150 zuwa 900 m sama da matakin teku. Frogs suna zaune a fadama, tafkuna, kwari na peat da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa tare da yankin da yakai yakai kadada 8.

Halayyar

Amphibian yana jagorantar rayuwar dare mai aminci. Da rana ta ɓoye, ta kwana cikin ɓarawon, da dare kuma sai ta shiga neman abinci. Canza launi yana ba da tsoro ga magudi. Da yake ta damu, sai ta kumbura, fatar ta rufe da wani abu mai dafi na farin launi. Abubuwan da ke cikin sa zasu iya hade bakin bakin maharin, tare da haifar da lahani ga ƙwayoyin mucous. Ga dan adam, komon da yake kunkuntar giya ba shi da wata illa, amma yana haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen mutum da kumburin wucin gadi na wuraren da aka shafa na fata.

Rogarfin rana tana yawan farauta daga wani dako, yana ɓoye a cikin kauri daga zuriyar dabbobi.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Abincin ya ƙunshi ƙamussai, gwoza, barkono da ƙanƙaninsu. Tsarin menu yana cika da mollusks, earthworms da sauran ƙananan amphibians. Maharbi yana da ikon magance ma'amala da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ba ta da wani abinci a jiki kuma tana cin kowane mai rai da ke motse da ita. Saboda hangen nesa mara kyau, ba ta amsa abubuwa masu tsabta ba. A cikin bauta, wakilan wannan nau'in ana ciyar da su da crickets.

Kiwo

Narrowan marayan giya suna girma da haihuwa yayin da suke shekara ɗaya. Lokacin damuna yana farawa a watan Fabrairu kuma ya ƙare a watan Maris, yana haɗuwa da ƙarshen lokacin damana. Hada-hadar canjin abinci sun yi daidai da halayen kwalar tumatir. Mace ta sanya ƙwai a cikin pouches waɗanda ke haɗe zuwa ciyawar ciyawar ko kuma taso kan ruwa a kan ruwa. A cikin jaka ɗaya za'a iya samun ƙwai 1500. A zazzabi kimanin 24 ° C, yin wankan yafara tsawon awanni 36.

Larvae da aka ƙi, ba su da hakora, kuma tsawon su bai wuce 6 mm ba. Suna ciyar da algae da plankton. A watanni 1.5-2, tsawon jikinsu tare da wutsiya ya kai 50-55 mm. Lokacin da suke da shekaru 2-3, sun cika metamorphosis kuma sun juya zuwa ƙaramin kwafin manya.Yawancin ƙananan yara suna fama da fungi Chytridiomycota da Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. A cikin dabbobi masu rashin lafiya, mace-mace na da ƙima sosai, saboda haka kaɗan daga cikinsu ke tsira zuwa shekara ɗaya na shekara. Lokacin da tsararren tsutsotsi na matasa suka kai 2 cm, sai su sayi launin launi.

Ruwan inabin giya mai kyau yana da tushe a cikin yanayi kuma baya buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa. Teraya daga cikin terrarium na iya ƙunsar da yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi, amma ya kamata su kusan girman ɗaya. Rogaya ɗaya yana buƙatar yanki mai rai na akalla 30x40 cm. Tsawon farfajiyar terrarium baya taka rawa ta musamman, amma yana da kyawawa don kasancewa aƙalla 35 cm.Gaɗin zafi da aka bada shawara shine 70% kuma zafin jiki shine 23 ° -28 ° C. Hasken rana yana tsawon awa 10-12. Amfani dole ne ya kasance hasken wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki. A dare, ana bada shawara don ƙara zafi zuwa 90% ta hanyar fesa bangon ciki na terrarium da ruwa mai ɗumi.

Don dumama, ana amfani da matakan dumama. Sun rufe ba fiye da ɗaya bisa uku na kasan ko ganuwar an rufe shi. A matsayin ƙasa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da kayan kwalliyar kwakwa da keɓaɓɓe don amphibians. Saboda rashin ƙwayar kwalliyar, ana iya ciyar da su sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyu. Suna da haɗari ga kiba, saboda haka suna ciyar da kitsen da ke da furotin da tsutsotsi na gari da zofobas kaɗan. Ragowar abinci da kayan sharar gida dole ne a cire su kullun. Dole ne a wanke mashin abin sha a kai a kai kuma cike da ruwa mai tsabta.

Bayanin

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 60-65 mm, kuma mace 90-95 mm. A cikin na baya, na baya mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma a ƙarshen ɗayan launin ja-orange. Wani lokaci yawancin ɗigon ja yana bayyane akan bayan. Abun ciki yana da kirim ko farin ciki. Lines masu duhu suna gudana tare da bangarorin.

Gina ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Babban falon yana ƙare da ɗan gajeren zango. Jawaƙƙarfan ƙananan yana dauke da ƙananan hakora. Idanun suna da girma da fadi, ɗaliban suna da zagaye. Ba a bayyane shafin ƙasa a bayyane ba. Tsakanin yatsun kafafunsa na huda suna yin iyo. Hakanan suna da filaye waɗanda ake amfani da su don haƙa ramuka. Kafafu sun gajarta kuma ba a daidaita da shi don tsalle ba, amma don hawa. Tsawon rayuwar giya mai lalacewa a cikin daji shine shekaru 8-10.