Laran itacen bera shine mafi ƙarancin ɗanɗano a duniyarmu. Nasa nauyi zai iya kaiwa 1 ton, kuma tsawon jikin mutum 3 m. Tashi bero na bela a ƙusoshin ya kai m 1.5. Mafi yawan lokuta, namiji yana nauyin kilogiram 400-500, tsawonsa 2-2.5. Mace sun fi ƙasƙantar da maza maza girman, matsakaicin nauyi 200-300 kg, tsawon 1.8-2 m.

Laraunin polar ya bambanta da danginsa tsarin jiki, launi na gashi da fata. Shugaban bela ya riga ya fi na sauran wakilan beyar girma, da goshi mai laushi da dogon wuya. Kunnuwa suna zagaye a saman. Mayafin yana da fari ba tare da launi mai launi ba. Baki fata fata. A kan cinyoyin paws suna da dogon gashi da ƙananan bumps. Tsakanin yatsun goshin akwai ruwan membranes.

Wannan tsarin jikin yana taimaka wa jigon kwaro ya tsira a cikin mawuyacin yanayin Antarctic. Coataukar murfin pola, wadda take ɗauke da layuka biyu masu kauri, ba ta barin ta daskare. Baya ga ulu, don kada su ji sanyi, suna da kauri mai ƙyalƙyali mai laushi har zuwa santimita 13. Wool da kumburi a kan paws ɗin ba sa barin zamewa a kan kankara, kuma membranes tsakanin yatsunsu suna taimakawa wajen iyo.

A polar bear da ake ci gaba da kyau wari, wari da ji. Tare da hanci, zai iya jin warin ganima a nesa na 32 km. Saboda hangen nesa mai kaifi, bera mai tsayi tana iya ganin hatimi ko hatimin fur a nesa mai nisan mil 1, kuma ji yana baka damar jin kowane motsi a ƙarƙashin lokacin farin kankara. Duk waɗannan abubuwan iyawa sun sa polar ta zama mai farauta mai farauta. Don kama ganima, bears sun sami damar rufe manyan nesa ta hanyar iyo.

Rayuwa a cikin polar bears yawo. A lokacin rani sukan je kusa da kusurwa, kuma a cikin hunturu sukan dawo kudu kusa da yankin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, a cikin hunturu, polar Bears hibernate. Amma wannan baya faruwa kowace shekara kuma ba daɗewa ba. Mafi yawan mata masu juna biyu hibernate. Maza da mata masu juna biyu, idan sun sa hibernate, to na wani dan kankanin lokaci. Na iya yin barcin barcin a cikin gidajen. Don sa hibernation, mata masu juna biyu sun zaɓi tsibirin Franz Josef Land da tsibirin Wrangel.

Na mallaka zuriya mace ta haihu a cikin kogon da ake kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 0 ° С. Girman abin da sabon jariri yake da shi ya kai gram 500-600, amma cikin watanni 2 nauyinsa ya kai kilo 10.

Kodayake bears shine mafi girman kaddara a duniya, godiya ga mutane, bayyanar sa tana fuskantar barazanar rushewa. Sabili da haka, an jera polar bear a cikin Littafin jan kuma ana kiyaye shi. A cikin wuraren zama da yawa na polar po, doka ta hana yin farauta.

Siffofi da mazauninsu

Dabbobin suna cikin nau'ikan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, na biyu kawai ga giwaye da raƙuma a girmansu a sararin samaniya, da kuma kifaye a cikin zurfin teku.

Daga ɗanɗanar abin da ɗanɗano keɓaɓɓen, wanda babban polar bear yake, yana da ƙanƙantar da hatimin giwayen, a lokuta na musamman wanda ya kai tsawon mil uku da nauyin jikinsa ya kai tan. Ana samun mafi girman polar bears a cikin Tekun Bering, kuma mafi ƙanƙanuwa akan Svalbard.

A waje polar bear a cikin hoto , mai kama da danginsa na bear, wanda ya bambanta kawai da siffar lebur da kwanyar wuya. Launi na Jawo yafi fari fari, wani lokacin tare da launin shuɗi, a ƙarƙashin tasirin hasken rana a lokacin rani, gashin dabbar na iya juyawa. Hanci da lebe baki ne, kamar yadda launin fata yake.

Polar bears live A cikin yankunan kudu daga Arctic hamada zuwa tundra a cikin arewacin hemisphere. 'Yan uwa dangin wake ne, daga abin da suka tsaya kusan shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata.

Polar bear na barci

An taɓa samun berayen garala, waɗanda suke da girma musamman lokacin da suke. Theaukar tsohuwar polo ta hanyar sa ta zamani ta bayyana ne sakamakon ƙetare magabatan su tare da wakilan sauran nau'ikan kusan shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata.Dabbobin suna da babban adadi na adon kitse, wanda aka tara cikin wadataccen lokacin kuma yana taimaka masa ya tsira daga lokacin sanyi na Arctic.

Jawo dogo mai tsayi kuma mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa dolar bahar ba ta tsoron yanayin yanayi mai wahala kuma ba a fuskantar da ita ga yanayin zafi. Gashin sa mara nauyi ne kuma yana cike da iska a ciki. Hannun dabbobin an rufe su da tari mai woolen, don haka basa daskarewa kuma kar su zame kan kankara, a cikin abin da dabbar za ta yi wanka a cikin ruwan sanyi na arewa.

Uwar da ƙaramar teddy bear a rana

Da beyar yawanci yawo a cikin matakin hutu, yana juyawa daga gefe zuwa gefe da rage kansa da ƙasa. Saurin motsin dabba a cikin awa daya yakai kilomita biyar, amma a lokacin farauta yana motsi da sauri da sauri, yana kallo.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Halin halayyar dabba shine cewa baya tsoron mutane. Amma mutane sun fi dacewa da basu haɗu da irin waɗannan masu ƙarfi a cikin daji ba. Yawancin lamari ne da ke haifar da hare-hare a kan matafiya da mazaunan mazaunan makwabta da ke kusa.

Idan akwai yiwuwar haɗuwa da waɗannan dabbobin, ya kamata ku motsa tare da taka tsantsan. A Kanada, har ma gidan kurkuku na gidan poya an shirya shi, inda ake jigilar su don tsare mutane na wucin gadi waɗanda suka dace sosai kuma suke haifar da haɗari ga birane da garuruwa. Polar beardabba Kadaitaccen, amma dabbobi suna cikin danginsu na lafiya cikin salama.

Koyaya, sau da yawa tsakanin abokan hamayyar akwai babban rudani a lokacin lokacin kiwo. Haka kuma akwai lokuta idan manya suka ci cuban sanduna. Arctic dabba polar bear yana zaune a kan kankara. Shi mai son kusanci ne da nisan tafiya.

Kuma yana motsawa ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba, amma yana iyo tare da nishaɗi a kan kankara kan ruwa, yana nitsewa daga gare su zuwa cikin ruwan sanyi, wanda ba ya tsoratar da shi kwatancen da ƙarancin zafin jiki, inda yake motsawa daga kankara zuwa kankara. Dabbobi masu girma ne masu iyo da kuma iri-iri. Ta hanyar yin kaifi, bears ya iya tono dusar ƙanƙara daidai, yana fitar da kogo mai ɗumi da ɗumi.

A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna yin bacci da yawa, amma kada su fada cikin rashin tsari. Yawancin bears yawanci ana ajiye shi a wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Lokacin da aka adana shi a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayi mai banbanci a gareshi, yakan faru cewa gashin dabbar yana jujjuya launin kore daga ƙanƙan ƙwayoyin halittar da suke farawa a ciki.

Laran itacen bera ne babban iyo

Rai polar bears a gidan zu Novosibirsk akan layi ana iya kallon sa ta intanet. Wannan shi ne ɗayan shahararrun dabbobi mafi shahararrun dabbobi a cikin Rasha, wanda ke ɗauke da nau'ikan dabbobi masu yawan gaske.

Larayoyin polar suna zama da wuya saboda jinkirin haifuwa, harbe-harben da masu fafutuka ke yi da kuma yawan mace-macen yara. Amma a yau yawan su yana haɓaka sannu a hankali. An jera dabbobi, saboda dalilai da aka nuna, a cikin littafin Red.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Laraunin pola wani ɓangare ne na duniyar dabbobi na tundra, kuma mazaunan tekuna masu sanyi, irin su walrus, hatimi, bears teku da hatimi, sun zama ganima. Ana neman ganima, dabbar ta miƙe tana jan sama. Kuma yana iya jin ƙamshin hatiminta a nisan mil ɗaya, a hankali yana nishi daga nata gefen ta gaban motsin iska, don kada wanda abin ya shafa ya gano ƙiyayya yana gab da warin.

Polar bear farauta domin kifi

Farauta sau da yawa ana faruwa a kan kankara, Ina polar bearssuna ɓoye a cikin mafaka, suna jira na dogon lokaci kusa da ramuka. Farinsu fari, wanda ke sa dabbobi marasa ganuwa tsakanin kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, suna ba da babbar gudummawa ga nasara. A lokaci guda, beyar ta rufe hanci, wacce ta fito daga baki cikin hasken haske.

Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya tsallake daga ruwan, tare da wani babban motsi tare da kaifi mai kaifi, sai dabbar ta kwace abincinta ta ja shi kan kankara. Laran bera yakan yi jinkiri har ya kai ga hatimin zube a ciki. Ko kuma nutsewa cikin ruwa, daga tushe yana jujjuya kankara, tare da hatimi a kwance, ya ƙare.

Wani lokacin yakan yi jira a kan kankara ya sauka kuma, yayi shuru yana tafiya cikin nutsuwa, yana manne da ƙaƙƙarfan iko.Tare da walrus, wanda yafi karfi abokin gaba, polar bear kawai ya shiga cikin yaki akan ƙasa, yana zubar da jikinsa yana cin kitse da fata, galibi yana barin ragowar jikin sa zuwa wani dabba.

A lokacin rani yana ƙaunar farauta don shaƙan ruwa. A lokacin rashin ingantaccen abinci, zai iya cinye kifayen da suka mutu, da cin kajin, algae da ciyawa, ƙwai na tsuntsaye.

Game da bear polar galibi ana cewa dabbobi sukan kai hari gidajen mutane don neman abinci. Akwai lokuta da satar hannun jari na balaguron balaguro, da satar abinci a cikin shagunan ajiya da bukukuwan shara.

Yatsun beyar suna da kaifi har dabba zata iya bude gwangwani a cikin su. Dabbobin suna da hankali sosai har suna adana kayan abinci, idan yawansu, don lokacin wahala.

Bayanin da fasali

Girman wannan dabbar bear ya wuce zaki da damisa. Inda akwai ƙwararrun masu ba da izini ga dabbar mu ta Rasha! Tsawonsa ya kai mita 3. Kodayake mafi yawan lokuta 2-2.5 a taro na polar bear kusan rabin ton. Wani saurayi mai nauyin kilogram 450-500. Mata suna da yawa sosai. Weight daga 200 zuwa 300 kilogiram. Tsawon jikin daga 1.3 zuwa 1.5 m.

Tsawon dabbar dabbar da ta fi yawan lokaci ya kai 1.4 m. Coloarfin dabbar yana daidai da waɗannan masu girma dabam. Misalai suna da yawa yayin da beyar ta kwashe babban wanda aka kashe, mai maimaitawa ko kuma walrus.

Har ila yau mafi haɗari shine rashin ma'anar wannan dabbar, wanda har ma yana da wuyar yarda, an ba ta nauyi. Fitowar sa ya banbanta da sauran beyar. Da farko dai, fari fari. Maimakon haka, gashinsa ya fara daga fari zuwa haske zuwa rawaya. A cikin hunturu ya fi sauƙi, a lokacin rani yana jujjuyawar launin rana.

Polar bear a cikin hoto Ya zama mafi ban sha'awa ga tushen asalin wuraren buɗe wurare. Fitowarsa a nan kusan haɗuwa tare da dusar kankara, hanci baki da idanu guda sun fito daga kan gaba ɗaya. Ya bayyana sarai yadda amfanin wannan dabbar yayi fari.

Ba kamar talakawa ba, bashi da rayayyen jiki, amma “mai biye”. Dogon wuya, kai mai kaifi, dogon hanci da santsi. Akwai shaidun cewa zai iya jin ƙyamar abin da aka nema ko da a ƙarƙashin daskararren kankara tsawon mita.

Yanayinta sun kula da “kayan” sa, an ba shi mummunan yanayin polar. Mayafinsa mai kauri ne da tsayi; Gashi sun yi laushi, sun bar su cikin haskoki na rana.

Kuma fata a jikin rigar tana da duhu, kuma tana sama da kyau, tana riƙe da zafi. Kafafuwan masu ƙaddara suna da ƙarfi sosai, suna ƙare tare da manyan paws. Kadarorinsa su yi ta yawo da ulu don kada ya zamewa mutane kuma ba ya daskarewa.

Akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu, suna taimaka masa iyo. An rufe farfajiyar gaban paws tare da bristles mai tsauri. Manyan kusoshin suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashinsa, waɗanda suke ba ku damar kama kuli ku riƙe ganima har sai kun isa ta tare da haƙoranku.

Jaws suna da yawa, suna da kyau sosai, akwai hakora 42. Tailarancin bears yana da ƙanana, daga cm 7 zuwa 13. A zahiri ba a ganuwa a ƙarƙashin dogon gashi a ƙarshen baya.

An bambanta dabbar ta hanyar haƙurin da dattako. Kasancewa dangi na kusa da bera mai ruwan kasa, ba shi da ƙaya. Zai iya yin sauri da gajiyawa har zuwa 6 km a kan ƙasa, yana hanzarta zuwa 40 km / h, kafin hakan, a haƙuri haƙuri wanda aka azabtar. Sneaks sama da kyau, cikin wayo zaɓi lokacin da ya dace, ta amfani da unevenness na ƙasa, harin da mamaki da sauri.

Yana iyo kuma ya yi cikakken rayuwa. Kuna iya yin iyo a wata tsattsauran ra'ayi mai zurfi, a saurin sauri zuwa 7 km / h. Manyan jiragen ruwa, wadanda ke tafiya a tekun arewacin tsibirin, sun gamu da ajiyan wake da yawa a cikin tekun da ke nesa da bakin tekun.

Toara wannan duka wannan babban ƙarfin hali na malamin polar da mummunar mummunar barna, kuma zai zama sananne dalilin da ya sa a cikin latitude arewa duk rayuwa tana tsoron wannan azzalumi. Kaɗan daji ne kawai, dauke da manyan mayaƙa masu tsayi, suka shiga yaƙi tare da beyar ta arewa. Shi kuwa mutumin, yana ɗaukar bindigogi, shima ya yi kira ga dabbar.Kodayake, wannan ɗayan dalilai ne na ɓatar da dabba mai ban mamaki.

Munyi la'akari da kusancin dangi na polar beari kamar beari ne, bear mai ɗaukar nauyi, beyar Malay, bears (bears bea), bear Himalayan da panda. Duk waɗannan bears suna da ikon gani, suna hawa sosai, iyo, gudu da sauri, na iya tsayawa suyi tafiya na ɗan lokaci a kan kafafunsu na baya.

Suna da dogon sutura mai kauri, gajeren wutsiya mai kamshin gaske. Hanci wata aba ce mai matukar kulawa a garesu. Beeaya daga cikin kudan zuma ƙyallen hanci a cikin hanci na iya jagorantar maharmar har abada.

Brown bear shine shahararren wakilin wannan rukunin. An rarraba shi a kan yankin Eurasia mai cikakken iko - daga Spain zuwa Kamchatka, daga Lapland zuwa Dutsen Atlas.

Akwai ƙananan karkacewa daga nau'in gaba ɗaya (jan bebi, roan - Syria), amma ba su da mahimmanci. Tana riƙe da siffarta kwatankwacin yanayin mazauninta: babba (har zuwa 2 m tsawon, nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 300), mai nauyi, kwancen kafa. Mayafin yana da kauri, launin ruwan kasa a launi, kuma babba yana da girma.

Gwajin yana da haɗari, amma ba halin ɓarna ba. Yanayin wannan dabbar ta samo asali ne daga ƙaunar zaman lafiya da ɓarna. Bearan akuya ko bera mai wari suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Suna kiransa cike da damuwa. Ya fi girma fiye da takwaransa launin ruwan ƙasa, ya kai 2.5 m, mai nauyi (har zuwa kilogiram 400) kuma ya fi ƙarfin wannan.

Dogon jikinsa mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wani goshin yashi mai fadi da babban paws dauke da ƙaho mai ƙarfi har zuwa cm 12 a tsayinsu. Wannan maƙiyin, ba kamar na farkon ba, mai tsoro ne, mayaudara.

Tatsuniyoyi masu ban tsoro suna tafiya da halinsa. Kamar ba ya yin fitarwa, cutar da shi ko a'a. Ya ishe shi ganin mutum ya doke shi. Yana da wuyar ɓoyewa daga gare shi; yana gudu da sauri yana iyo sosai.

Ba abin mamaki bane cewa mutanen Abzinawa na Arewacin Amurka sunyi la'akari da matsayin ƙarfin da irin wannan abokin gaba shine babban matsayin mutum. Duk wanda ya kayar da shi kuma ya sanya abun wuya na kasusuwa da hakora na wani abu mai cike da rudani, ya sami babban daukaka a cikin kabilar.

Mafi girman halin wannan dangin nasu, wani ɗan Amurkan bera ne, ko bera mai baƙi. Yana da fuska mai kyau, yana da dan kadan fiye da grizzly, yana da gajerun kafafu da dogon wuya mai launi mai kyau.

Daya daga cikin wakilan beyar Asiya ita ce dutsen Himalayan. Jafananci suna kiransa Kuma, Indiyawan - Balu da Zonar. Jikin sa ya fi na 'yan uwansa girma, gemunsa yana nuna, goshinsa da hancinsa suna layi madaidaiciya.

Kunnuwa suna da girma kuma zagaye, ƙafafunsu gajeru ne, ƙusoshin suma gajere ne, kodayake suna da ƙarfi. Jawo gashi baki daya mai launi, yana da farin tsiri a kirji. Girma har zuwa 1.8 m, kuma duk kusan 110-115 kg. Ya yi kama da launin ruwan kasa ɗaya a cikin rayuwar sa, kawai yafi tsoro.

Ana samun berayen Malay, ko Biruang, a cikin Indochina da Babban tsibirin Sunda. Yana da tsawo, m, kansa yana da manyan m, manyan kunnuwa da idanu masu kauri.

Babban paws na dispropropros kawo karshen tare da karfi claws. Mayafin yana da baki, tare da haske rawaya mai haske akan ƙyalli da kirji. Thanasa da wasu, tsayi har zuwa 1.5 m, nauyi har zuwa 70 kg. Abinda aka fi so shine tsire-tsire na kwakwa.

Kuma a ƙarshe, panda shine bera bear. Kodayake wasu sun yi ƙoƙari su ba shi matsayi tsakanin raccoon. Yana zaune a China. Launi na baki ne da fari, sanannen baƙi baki da ke kewaye da idanu. Kunnuwa da paws baki ne. Zai iya kaiwa mita 1.5 a tsawonsa, kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 150. Ya fi son cin 'ya'yan itacen harbe. Alama ce ta kasar Sin.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Larudaran wake masu zurfi suna zama a cikin yankunan pola na arewacin hemisphere na duniya. Ya kasance mazaunin lamuran kankara na Arewa. A Rasha, ana iya gani a gabar tekun Arctic na Chukotka, a cikin tekun Chukchi da Bering Seas.

Yawan jama'arta na Chukchi yanzu shine mafi girma a duniya. Dangane da bincike, manyan wakilai suna zaune a Tekun Barents, ƙananan mutane suna zaune kusa da tsibirin Spitsbergen.Tsammani game da tambayoyi masu yuwu, muna sanar daku cewa ba a samun polar bear a cikin Antarctica. Garin mahaifarsa shine Arctic.

Mai mallakar arewa yana zaune wurare kusa da ruwa. Za a iya iyo a kan ruwa da kankara a kankara. Yana yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi tare da canje-canje a cikin iyakar kankara kankara: a lokacin rani yana tashi tare da su kusa da gindin itace, a cikin hunturu ya dawo fage. Don hunturu ya ta'allaka ne cikin kogo.

Yawancin lokaci mata sukan shiga cikin matsalar rashin fata, yayin da suke jiran haihuwar san. A wannan lokacin da suke kokarin ba su motsa, don kada su cutar da zuriya a nan gaba. Saboda haka rashin himma. Yana wuce kwana 80-90. Maza da sauran mata basa tsammanin zuriya zasu iya wasu lokuta hibernate, amma ba tsawon lokaci ba kuma kowace shekara.

Gashi kyakkyawar iyo ce, kuma tsananin farin gashi yana kare ta daga ruwan sanyi. Har ila yau, lokacin farin ciki mai kitse na kitse yana taimakawa kariya daga sanyi. Dabbar tana iya ɓoye cikin kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, tana jin motsi na tsawon kilomita da yawa, kusan ba shi yiwuwa ya tsere ko yin iyo daga shi.

Makarfin mata na farko suna ta tsoratar da su da tatsuniyar wannan dabbar. Sun ce bai yi wata-wata ba wajen shiga jiragen ruwan da suka daskarewa a cikin kankara domin samun abinci.

Sun dauki bakuncin wani kamfani a cikin jirgin ruwan, babu tsoro ga masu jirgin. An maimaita kai hari lokacin hunturu, lalata gidajen matafiya, rushe rufin, ƙoƙarin fashewa ciki.

Koyaya, labaru daga baya masu bincike na polar sun riga sun ambaci mummunan wannan dabbar. Koda ba tare da makami ba, mutum zai iya ihu da babbar murya don ya tsoratar da dabbar har ya tsere. Jin shuru na dusar kankara ya koya masa tsoron tsawa.

Dabba mai rauni kullun tana gudu. Yana ɓoye cikin dusar ƙanƙara don warkarwa. Koyaya, idan mutum ya yanke shawarar kai hari kan sandunan ko ya shiga ramin dabbar, ya zama babban abokin gaba. Sannan ko da bindiga bai hana shi ba.

Shi mai hankali ne kuma mai neman ilimi, amma ba matsoraci ba. Suna cewa hakan, bayan sun yi tuntuɓe a kan farin beyar, mutane suka gudu. Kuma sai maharbi ya fara bin su. A kan hanyar, sun jefa abubuwan su - huluna, safofin hannu, sandunansu, wani abu.

Dabbar tana tsayawa kowane lokaci kuma ta shawo kan abubuwan binciken, suna bincika kowane abu da son sani. Ba a bayyana ko beyar yana bin mutane ba, ko kuma yana sha'awar abubuwan yau da kullun. Sakamakon haka, godiya ne ga sha'awar maharbin da mutane suka yi nasarar tserewa daga gare ta.

Yawancin lokaci, bears suna zaune shi kaɗai, ba tare da ƙirƙirar manyan ƙungiyoyi na iyali ba. Kodayake a cikin tara karfi a tsakanin su an samar da matsayi da horo. Mafi girma maƙiyi koyaushe shine mafi mahimmanci. Dukda cewa suna da aminci ga juna. Sai kawai ga cuban sanduna, adultan bears na iya zama wani lokacin haɗari.

An ƙware shi a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, belar polar na iya rayuwa cikin nasara a kamo kuma ya saba da mutane. Suna buƙatar wanka akai-akai, har ma ya fi dacewa su yi birgima a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Game da abinci, babu wata matsala a wurinsu, tunda suna cin komai - nama, kifi, da zuma. Tare da sauran gemun da aka kama, suna da kyau marasa kulawa. A cikin tsufa sun zama mai saurin fushi. An san akwatunan cewa sun rayu zuwa shekaru 25-30 har ma sun ninka.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

A bayyanar, da bears sun bambanta da maza, suna da ƙima da nauyi. Dabbobi suna da ƙarancin haihuwa. Mace ta sami damar yin juna biyu yayin da take shekara huɗu, tana samar da guda ɗaya, a cikin mawuyacin hali, ƙwararraki uku, kuma ba su wuce goma sha biyar ba a rayuwa. Ana kawo beyar cikin zafi yawanci tare da wasu abokan hadin gwiwa.

Ana haihuwar Teddy bears a cikin hunturu, a cikin ramin da mahaifiya ta haife shi a dusar ƙanƙara a gabar teku. Andauna da farin gashi yana kiyaye su daga sanyi. Suna wakiltar kansu a matsayin mara ƙarfi, suna ciyar da madara uwar, suna manne da ita don neman zafi. Kuma idan bazara ta zo, suna barin mafakarsu don bincika duniya.

Amma ba su katse lambobin sadarwa da mahaifiyarta, suna bin ta a diddige, suna koyon farauta da hikimar rayuwa. Har sai sandar ta sami 'yanci, beyar tana kare su daga maƙiya da haɗari. Ba uba kawai ke kula da yaransu ba, harma suna iya haifar da mummunar barazana ga yaransu.

'Ya'yan zuriya da baƙar fata ana kiranta polar grizzlies, waɗanda ba kasafai ake samun su a yanayi ba, galibi ana samunsu a wuraren dabbobi. A cikin mazaunin al'ada, laralaran polar suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 30. Kuma cikin zaman talala, tare da abinci mai kyau da kulawa, suna rayuwa tsawon rai.

Habitat

Lararancin furanni yana zama a cikin kankara na Arctic. Akwai kusan ƙabilu kusan 20 waɗanda kusan ba sa gaurayawa da juna kuma sun bambanta sosai a lamba - daga 200 zuwa dubban mutane da yawa. Girman yawan al'ummar duniya kusan dabbobi dubu 22 da dubu 27 zuwa 27 ne.

Zama na dindindin na dalar pola shine dutsen bakin teku na nahiyoyi da tsibirai, inda adadin manyan abincinsu - hatimin zoben - ya yi yawa. Wasu mutane suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi a tsakiyar yankin Arctic. Daga kudu, rarraban su ke iyaka da yankin kudu na murfin lokacin kankara a cikin Bering da Barents Seas da kuma Labrador Strait. A wuraren da kankara ke narkewa gaba daya a lokacin rani (Hudson Bay da kuma kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Baffin), dabbobin suna yin watanni da dama a bakin tekun, suna kashe kukansu har sai ruwan ya bushe.

Bayani da hoto na bears

Laran maraba shine mafi girma a cikin dangin bear. A matsayin jinsin 'yanci, an fara bayyana shi a cikin 1774 ta C. Phipps, an karɓi sunan Latin Ursus maritimus, wanda ke nufin "teku bear".

'Ya'yan bears sun fito daga launin ruwan kasa a lokacin marigayi Pleistocene, an gano mafi tsohuwar shekaru dubu 100 a cikin Lambun Royal Botanic na London.

Tsawon jikin mutum shine 2-2.5 m, mace sune 1.8-2 m, maza sunkai kilogiram 400-600 (musamman mutanen da aka ciyar dasu sosai zasu iya yin awo), mace 200-350 kg.

A cikin hoto, wani bela yana tsalle daga kankara. Duk da girman jikin, waɗannan dabbobin suna da wayoyin hannu. Idan ya cancanta, za su iya tafiya awanni da yawa, kuma a kan ƙasa za su iya rufewa har zuwa kilomita 20 a kowace rana, kodayake wani lokacin wannan yakan haifar da zafi sosai.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin suna da alaƙa da yanayin rayuwa a cikin matsanancin yanayin zafi. Jikin polar ɗan tsintsiya yana da wadatar gaske, basu da ƙoshin da suka bushe, halayyar beyar launin ruwan kasa. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in, shugaban polar ya riga ya fi tsayi, tare da goshi mai laushi da dogon wuya. Kunnuwan dabbar suna ƙanana, zagaye.

Saboda babban kauri da kauri mai santsi, magabatan polar suna jin daɗin gamsuwa a zazzabi -50 ° C. A dabi'ance, furcinsu fari ne, yana zama kyakkyawan maɓallin ga dabbar. Koyaya, sau da yawa fur yana samun turanci mai launin shuɗi saboda ƙazantaccen abu da iskar shaka, musamman a lokacin rani. Abin sha'awa, tare da farin gashi, fatar dabba tana da duhu. Wannan fasalin yana amfani da makamashin hasken rana ne ga dabbobi, wanda aka sani yana da karancin kayan aiki a mazauninsu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: duk da gaskiyar cewa dolar waje da bears masu launin ruwan kasa sun sha bamban sosai, sun kasance kusancin dangi ne kuma a cikin garkuwa zasu iya haɗa baki. Tumbin wannan gicciye ana kiransa tsintsiya ko tsintsiya.

Polar Bears Face

Laran itacen bera sune keɓe kawai, suna kasancewa cikin nau'i-nau'i kawai a lokacin lokacin fitowar. Lokuta na tarawa, wani lokacin har mutane da yawa dozin, a wuraren da akwai wadataccen abinci, da wuya. Ofungiyoyin masu farautar pola suna da juriya da juna a cikin al'umma yayin ciyar da babban abincin dabbobi, alal misali, babban kifi mai kifi. Koyaya, fadace-fadace na al'ada ko wasannin ba sabon abu bane, amma kowane dabba bai manta da matsayin matsayinsa ba.

Dabbobi suna jagorancin rayuwar rayuwar mazaje masu yawa, ban da lokacin da aka ɓata a cikin daren.Dens ne da farko amfani da mace ga haihuwa da kuma ciyar da cubs. Hakanan mafaka ce ga barcin hunturu, amma dabbobi suna takura da ɗan lokaci kuma ba kowace shekara ba.

Yaya ake kwana?

Za'a iya raba nau'ikan kiɗan mata zuwa kabila da na ɗan lokaci. A cikin Generic masu cin abincin dare zuriya. Kasancewar su a cikin wannan lambobin yakai kimanin watanni 6. Ramin na ɗan lokaci yana hidimar mata zuriya ga ɗan gajeren lokaci - daga ranar 1 zuwa makonni 2-3, kuma a cikin keɓantattun abubuwa har zuwa wata 1 ko sama da haka.

Lahira na kakanninmu ya ƙunshi ɗakuna ɗaya ko sama. Tsawon ɗakin yana kan matsakaici daga 100 zuwa 500 cm, faɗi - daga 70 zuwa 400 cm, tsayi - daga 30 zuwa 190 cm, tsawon katangar ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 820 cm. Yawancin kanti ba shi da kyau a bayyane daga nesa na mita da yawa.

Raunin ba da daɗewa ya bambanta da tsarin tsararru na al'ada. Yawancin lokaci suna da tsari mai sauƙi: tare da ɗakuna guda ɗaya da gajeru (har zuwa 1.5-2 m) corridor, a matsayin mai mulkin, tare da ganuwar “sabo” mai shinge da rumbu, bene mai sanyin iska.

Rashin baƙin ciki, ramuka da rami ba tare da shinge ba kuma bayyananniyar ƙofar da aka bayyana a wasu lokuta ana kiran su azaman lambobin wucin gadi, amma zai fi dacewa a kira su mafaka. Irin waɗannan mafaka yawanci suna yin bege ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci - daga sa'o'i da yawa zuwa kwanaki. Suna ba dabba da ɗan kwantar da hankula, alal misali, tsari na wani mummunan yanayi.

A cikin yanayin musamman yanayi mai tsananin zafi (dusar ƙanƙara, sanyi), bears, don adana ƙarfi, na iya fadawa cikin matsuguni na ɗan lokaci na makonni da yawa. Maƙaddara ta arewa tana da yanayi mai ban sha'awa na ilimin ɗan adam: yayin da wasu bears na iya yin shuru yayin hunturu, gwarzo namu zai iya fadawa cikin yanayin da yayi kama da rashin kuzari a kowane lokaci.

Me ubangijin arewa ya ci?

Sealanƙarar zobe (hatimi zobe) a cikin abincin poars mai cin abinci shine abinci A'a. 1, zuwa ƙarancin yanayi, kudan zuma ke zama ganima (dabbar sa ta kama idan ta kama iska). Dabbobin farauta ne, suna jiransu a kusa da “gidajen iska”, da kuma wuraren da ake yin kiworsu a kankara, inda cuban sanduna marasa ƙwarewa ke zama mai saukin farauta ga masu farauta. Gwajin ya huda kan wanda aka cutar ba shi da izini, sannan ya yi kaifi kuma ya faɗa cikin ruwa. Don fadada karamin “iska”, dabbar tana karya kankara da gaban ta, ta amfani da dumbin dumbin sa. Mai shayar da gaban jikin a ruwa, sai ya kama wanda aka azabtar da shi da jaws mai karfi ya ja shi a kan kankara. Aan bears suna iya gano wurin rami na hatimin ta hanyar tsawon dusar ƙanƙara mai tsawon mita na dusar ƙanƙara, suna zuwa wurin ta daga nisan mil ɗaya, suna mai da hankali kan ƙanshin. Halinsu na kamshi shine ɗayan mafi muni tsakanin dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Suna kuma farautar walrus, belugas, narwhals, bakin ruwa ruwa.

Abun watsi a cikin teku yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da magabatan makiyaya: gawar gawawwakin dabbobi, sharar gida daga kamun kifi na teku. Yawancin beyar yawanci suna tarawa kusa da gawa na kifin babban Whale da aka jefa a bakin (hoto).

Babbar bera, kasancewar dabba ce mai yawan dabbobi, duk da haka, tana fama da yunwa kuma ba ta da ikon farautar ainihin abin da ta ci - hatimin, tana iya sauyawa zuwa wasu ciyarwa, gami da abinci irin na itacen (berries, tsiren ruwan teku, tsire-tsire, ciyawar mosses da lichens, rassan bushes). Wannan, ga alama, yakamata a dauki shi azaman karbuwa ga halittar ga yanayin muhalli mai wahala.

A zaman daya, dabbar tana iya cin abinci mai yawa, sannan, idan babu ganima, yunwar ta dade.

A cikin yanayin zamani, karuwa a tasirin fasaha a cikin tsabtace muhalli na iya haifar da lalacewar abincin abincin polar bear, tilasta shi canzawa zuwa ciyarwar sakandare sau da yawa, don ziyartar filayen a cikin ƙauyuka, don lalata shagunan ajiya, da dai sauransu.

Nomads na har abada

Canza yanayin kankara koyaushe yana tilasta bears arewa don canza mazauninsu a kai a kai, neman wuraren da hatimin suke da yawa kuma a cikin filayen kankara akwai bude ko rufe da matattarar kankara, tashoshi da fasa da ke saukaka musu ganima. Irin waɗannan shafukan yanar gizo galibi suna kan tsare su ne zuwa zapripaynoy, kuma ba kwatsam ba ne cewa dabbobin da yawa sun tattara hankali a nan a cikin hunturu. Amma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, zapryapnaya yankin an rufe shi gaba daya saboda tsananin iska, sannan bears din yayi ƙaura zuwa wasu wuraren kuma don neman ƙarin aiyukan farauta. Ciki mai kankara, sannan kawai don lokacin hunturu da farkon lokacin bazara, kasance kankara mai motsi, amma ba su ko'ina da suka dace da wanzuwar tambarin, kuma a sakamakon haka, belar pola.

Neman wuraren da suka fi dacewa don farauta, a wasu lokuta dabbobi kan yi tafiyar daruruwan kilomita. Saboda haka, mazauninsu ya bambanta sosai koda a cikin kakar guda ɗaya, don kar a faɗi bambancin lokaci-lokaci da na shekara-shekara. Idan babu yankin a cikin polar bear, mutane ko ƙungiyoyin dangi na ɗan lokaci suna haɓaka ƙaramin yanki. Amma, da zaran yanayin ya fara canzawa kwatankwacinsu, dabbobi kan bar irin wadannan wuraren su ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna.

Procreation

Lokacin mating ya faɗi a kan Afrilu-Mayu. Tsakanin maza a wannan lokacin akwai tsananin gwagwarmaya ga mace.

Matan suna nunawa ta hanyar shigar ovulation (lallai ne suyi aure da yawa a wasu lokuta da yawa kafin haihuwar ya kasance), saboda haka ma'auratan domin samun nasarar kiwo su kasance har tsawon makonni 1-2. Kari akan haka, ana daukar nauyin polar jinkiri a cikin dasawa har zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba-Oktoba, ya danganta da yanayin da dabbobi suke rayuwa. Bayan watanni 2-3, ana haihuwar san mama a yawancin yankuna. Wannan na faruwa a cikin kogon dusar ƙanƙara. An haife yara masu nauyin kimanin gram 600. Lokacin haihuwa, gashinsu yana da taushi sosai da alama da tsirara suke. Har zuwa watanni 7-8 na haihuwa, madarar uwar shine babban abincin. Wannan madara tana da kitse mai yawa - 28-30%, amma da alama za a rabu cikin ƙananan adadi.

Wani lokacin beyar yakan bar kogon da ke zama “mara amfani”, lokacin da thean sandansu har yanzu basu da ƙarfi. Suna motsawa tare da wahala kuma suna buƙatar kulawa koyaushe. Idan irin wannan dangin yana cikin damuwa a wannan lokacin, macen, tana ajiyar cuban ta, tana ɗaukar su cikin hakora.

Lokacin da thean sandansu ya kai kilogram 10, 10, sukan fara haɗu da uwarsu ko'ina. Sukan bi ta ba tare da yardar rai ba, sau da yawa suna wasa wasanni yayin tafiya. Wasu lokuta wasanni suna ƙare da faɗa, yayin da san sandansu suna hayaniya da ƙarfi.

Wasu beyar waɗanda suka yi tafiya don yin wasu motsa jiki a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Suna goge kan dusar ƙanƙara, suna shafa fuskokinsu a kanta, suna kwance akan hancinsu kuma suna rarrafe, suna tura kafafunsu baya, suna gangara ƙasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: a baya, gefe ko ciki. Don bears na manya, a bayyane yake waɗannan hanyoyin tsabtace tsabtace waɗanda ke nufin riƙe tsabtace gashin kansa. A cikin 'yan sanduna masu kwaikwayon uwayensu, wannan halin shima yana da launi mai launi.

Harshen Ursa na samari mai yiwuwa yana iya kasancewa muddin rukunin dangi yaci gaba. Misalin mahaifiyar yana bayyana ko da jariran suna cikin kogo, alal misali, ayyukan digging. Suma wasu lokuta sukanyi kwaikwayon ta yayin cin tsire-tsire.

Bayan sun bar ramin, dangi ya tafi teku. A kan hanya, mace kan kan tsaya don ciyar da thean ta, wani lokacin kuma ta ciyar da kanta ta tono tsire-tsire daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Idan yanayi yayi iska, ya ta'allaka ne da bayansa ga iska, tare da isasshen dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, tana tono ƙaramin rami ko kogon ɗan lokaci. Sannan iyalai sun tafi kankara. A farkon rabin Mayu, wani lokacin har yanzu ana samun mace da 'yanmata a kan ƙasa, amma tabbas a cikin waɗanda suke, saboda wasu dalilai, sun bar hanyarsu tare da bata lokaci.

Mata suna iya kiwo sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara 3, tunda ƙananansu suna tare har zuwa shekaru 2.5. A karo na farko, mace ta zama uwaye, yawanci tsakanin shekaru 4-5, sannan sai su haihu duk shekara 3 har sai sun mutu. Mafi sau da yawa, ana haihuwar yara 2. Babbar broods da mafi girma cubs suna faruwa ne a cikin mata masu shekaru 8-10. A cikin kananan bears, bebi 1 shine mafi yawancin lokuta ana haihuwar sa. Akwai wata shaidar cewa mata masu halin maza a cikin yanayin za su iya canzawa a cikin 'ya'yansu ko kuma a riƙe ɗansu da suka rasa mahaifiyarsu saboda wasu dalilai.

Tsawon rayuwar mace na polar shine shekaru 25-30, maza - har zuwa shekaru 20.

Cutar, abokan gaba da gasa

Tsakanin belar polar, irin wannan cuta mai haɗari ta hanji-tsoka kamar yadda trichinosis ta yaɗu. Sauran cututtukan da suke da su ba sa da yawa.

Mafi sau da yawa, suna fama da raunuka daban-daban, ciki har da waɗanda aka cutar da juna don cin amanar mace ko abinci. Amma ba su da mummunan sakamako ga yawan jama'a.

Abokin cinikin bela na iya zama mutumin da ya kan yi fata ne a kan fata, fata da nama, yana lalata yanayin daidaituwa tsakanin maharbi da mai farautar.

Wolf da arctic fox suna da ƙananan tasiri a cikin jama'a, suna kai hare hare tare da kashe sa .an.

Polar bears da mutum

Godiya ga matakan kare magabatan polar, haɗarin lalata su yayi ƙasa. A baya, an dauki su a matsayin jinsin masu rauni, amma bayan shigowar karfi na Yarjejeniyar Kare Tsarin Poaukar Polar Bear na 1973, yawan jama'a ya daidaita.

Matukar an sarrafa farauta na belar pola, baza a lalata su ba. Koyaya, akwai damuwa cewa lambobin su na iya raguwa saboda ƙarancin haihuwa. Mafi yawan alumman yankin suna harbe su, wanda wakilansu ke kashe kusan mutane 700 a shekara. Amma babban hatsarin da jarumawan mu ke yi shine dumamar yanayi da gurbatar muhalli.

A yankuna na Arctic, saboda yawan jama'a, da alama yiwuwar karo tsakanin mai fada da ɗan adam ya ƙaru. A sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri yanayin rikici wanda ke da haɗari ga ɓangarorin biyu. A bearar polar polar, duk da haka, ba za a iya ɗaukar zaluntar ɗan Adam ba, amma akwai wasu keɓancewa. Yawancin dabbobi suna komawa baya lokacin da suka sadu da mutum, yayin da wasu kuma ba sa kula shi. Amma akwai wadanda suke bin mutum, musamman idan ya gudu. Mafi m, a wannan lokacin ilhami dabba ga zalunci ne jawo. Sabili da haka, don yin jayayya cewa tsintsiya madaidaiciya dabba ce mai haɗari da haɗari. Hakikanin barazana ita ce gaji da mutane. Da farko dai, waɗannan tsoffin dabbobin ne waɗanda suka rasa ikon cin nasarar abincinsu na yau da kullun, har ma da matasa, waɗanda ba su sami dabarun farauta yadda yakamata ba. Matan da ke kare 'ya'yansu suna haifar da hatsari. Babbar beyar na iya zama abin tashin hankali lokacin da ta gamu da ajalin mutum ko kuma ana neman ta.

Me yasa beran itace "fari"

Kowane uba ko kusa zai ji wannan tambayar daga '' '' '' dansa. Ko kuma malamin ilimin halitta a makaranta. Duk abin da ya shafi gashi ne na wannan dabbar. Tana nan ba ta can. Gashin kansu ba su da lafazi kuma suna kwance a ciki.

Suna yin daidai da hasken rana, suna haɓaka farin launi. Amma waɗannan ba duka fasalin ulu na mai binciken polar ba. A lokacin rani, ya kan yi launin rawaya a rana. Zai iya zama mai launin kore daga ƙaramin algae wanda ke hade tsakanin villi. Mayafin na iya zama grayer, launin ruwan kasa ko inuwa ta daban dangane da yanayin rayuwar beyar.

Kuma a cikin hunturu kusan kristal ne, fari. Wannan fasali ne na musamman na dabbar da kuma halakar kwarai da gaske. Wataƙila, launi da alkyabba ya yi sanyi tsawon lokaci, yana dacewa da yanayin zama.

Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, fatar dabbar tana da kyawawan halaye masu dumin-zafi. Yana ba da izini kuma baya barin zafi.Kuma idan beyar ta tara ulu, “tana renon”, to, ba a ganuwa ba ga ido tsirara kawai, har ma da fasaha, alal misali, hotan ƙarfe.

Ina ne polar bear yake zaune?

Lariririn pola yana rayuwa ne a yankuna na kewayen arewacin hemisphere, amma wannan baya nuna cewa dabba tana rayuwa a duk inda babu dusar ƙanƙarar Arctic. Yawancin bears ba sa wuce digiri 88 a arewa, yayin da matsanancin batun rarraba su a kudu shine Tsibirin Newfoundland, wanda fewan tsirarun mutane ke jefa rayukansu cikin haɗari kowace rana, suna ƙoƙarin yin ma'amala da mai haɗari.

Mazauna yankunan Arctic da tundra na Rasha, Greenland, Amurka da Kanada suma sun kware da farin bera. Yawancin dabbobi suna zaune a yankuna masu iyo, ruwa kankara, inda sharan fata da walrus ma suke zama. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya ganin beyar kusa da babban katako, a gefen abin da yake daskarewa cikin tsammanin hatimi ko hatimin fur ɗin da yake tashi daga zurfin.

Ba shi yiwuwa a tantance ainihin inda babban abin da pola yake zaune. Mafi yawan al'ummomin waɗannan dabbobin an ambaci suna da babban ɗinsu. Saboda haka, mafi yawan masu hasashen sun fi son:

yankin gabashin gabas na tekun Kara da gabashin Siberiya, ruwan sanyi na Tekun Laptev, tsibirin Novosibirsk da Novaya Zemlya tarin tsibiri (yawan jama'ar Laptev), gabar tekun Barents, yammacin yamma ta tekun Kara, tsibirin Novaya Zemlya tsibiri, Frans Joseph da Svalbard ƙasar (Kara-Barents) , Tekun Chukchi, wani yanki na arewa na Bahar Bering, gabashin Tekun Gabas, Tekun Wrangel da Herald tsibirin (yawan Chukchi-Alaskan).

Kai tsaye a cikin Arctic, farin bears ba kasada ba ne, an fi son a sami ruwa mafi kyau da kuma bakin ruwa, a inda suke da damar rayuwa. Gidajen yana da canji kuma yana da alaƙa da iyakokin dusar kankara. Idan Arctic bazara ja, kuma kankara ya fara narkewa, to dabbobin zasu bar kusa da gungume. Da farko lokacin sanyi, sai su dawo kudu, sun fifita bangarorin bakin teku masu kankara da manyan yankuna.

Bayanin aran Bear Polar

Thean itacen polar da aka fasalta a ƙasa sune mafi tsinkayen dabbobi masu shayarwa a sararin samaniya. Suna da fa'ida babba ga kakanninsu na nesa, kusan shekaru dubbai da suka gabata. Babbar ƙarancin bear bears ya kasance aƙalla tsawon mita 4, wanda nauyinsa yakai tan 1.2.

Babbar pola ta zamani, duka a cikin taro da girma, ya ɗan rage kaɗan da ita. Don haka, matsakaicin tsawon farin bera ba ya wuce mita 3 tare da nauyin jikin mutum mai nauyin 1. Matsakaicin nauyin maza basu wuce kilo 500 ba, mace tayi nauyi kilo 200-350. Haɓaka dabba ta dabba a cikin ƙoshin ƙusa kawai ke mita mita 1,1.5, yayin da babban bera ya kai tsayin mita 2-2.5.

Wool, fasalin kayan jikin akwati da kan kai

Duk jikin farin bera an rufe shi da Jawo, wanda ke ba da kariya daga tsananin sanyi kuma yana ba ku damar jin daɗi ko da a cikin kankara. Hanci da hanci kawai suke cire murfin fur. Launin rigar Jawo na iya zama fari fari, launin shuɗi har ma da kore.

Yeaukarwar ulu tana da alaƙa da yawan fallasa ga hasken ultraviolet, wanda ke ba shi kayyayakin-zafi yana hana dabba daskarewa. Sanadin koren kore shine algae microscopic wanda ke kwance cikin gashin gashi.

A zahiri, gashin dabbobin an hana shi launi, babu launi, gashin kanshi mara nauyi ne, mai kauri, mai saurin gaske, yana nesa nesa da junan su. Akwai ingantacciyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a ƙarƙashin wacce aka samo fatar fata tare da santimita 10 na mai.

Fararen gashi launin fata babban yanki ne mai kyau ga dabba. Ba abu bane mai sauki ga ma malamin da ya kware don gano bera da ta ɓoye, yayin da hatimin da makusantan sukan zama waɗanda ke cin amanar wannan azzalumi.

Tsarin jiki, kai da kafafu

Ba kamar ƙarancin bera ba, ƙwanin beyar yana da tsawo, kansa yana da lebur, ɓangaren gaban sa na da elongated, kunnuwansa ƙanana ne da zagaye.

Wadannan dabbobin suna da kwararrun masu iyo, wanda aka samu ne sakamakon kasancewar membranes tsakanin yatsun kafa kuma an ƙaddara ta inda mai bayar da polar take zama mafi yawancin shekara. A lokacin yin iyo, komai girman dalar polar take, godiya ga membranes, tana iya sauyawa har ma da mafi girman ganima.

Legsafar mai ƙaddara ƙashin ƙasa ɗaya ne, yana ƙare da paws mai ƙarfi. Hannun ƙafafun an rufe da ulu, wanda ya zama kariya ta ainihi daga daskarewa da zamewa. Abubuwan da ke gaban bangarorin an lullube su da buɗaɗɗen fata, a ƙarƙashin abin da aka ɓoye maƙallan hancin, waɗanda ke ba da izinin ci gaba na ɗan lokaci. Bayan wanda ya kama ganima ya ci abin da ya ci, dan wasan ya kara yin amfani da hakora. Jafansa suna da ƙarfi, abubuwan fashewa da tutoci suna haɓaka da kyau. Dabarar lafiya tana da hakora 42, ba ta da fa'idar fuska.

Dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in suna da wutsiya; warin bela ba shi da banbanci a wannan batun. Wutsiyarsa ƙarami ce, mai tsawon 7 zuwa 13 santimita, ya ɓace a kan asalin gashin elongated na gashin baya.

Juriya

Babbar pola wata dabba ce mai tsananin wuya, duk da bayyananniyar rudewa, tana iya shawo kan abin da ya kai kilomita 5.6 a kowace sa'a ta hanyar filaye har zuwa kilomita 7 a kowace awa ta ruwa. Matsakaicin matsatsar mai ɗaukar kaya yakai kilomita 40 a kowace awa.

Laraunar furanni tana ji da gani da kyau, kuma kyakkyawan kyakkyawan warin yana ba ku damar ɗanɗano ganima da ke nesa da nisan mil 1 daga gare ta. Dabba zata iya gano hatimin hatiminta a karkashin mita na dusar ƙanƙara, ko kuma ta ɓoye a ƙasan tsutsotsi, koda kuwa zurfin sama da mita 1.

Yaya tsawon lokacin da pola zai iya rayuwa?

Abin takaici, a cikin zaman talala, laran polar bears suna rayuwa fiye da mazauninsu na al'ada. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa a wannan yanayin bai wuce shekaru 20-30 ba, yayin da mazaunin zoo yana da ikon rayuwa sama da shekaru 45-50. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin abinci, da narkewar barayin goge-goke duk shekara da kuma yadda ake ci gaba da kashe magabatan mutane.

A Rasha, haramun neman farauta ne, amma a wasu ƙasashe kawai akwai wasu ƙuntatawa akan wannan, yana ba da damar kisan ƙarancin thanan shekaru ɗari a shekara. A mafi yawancin halayen, irin wannan farauta ba ta wata hanyar da za a haɗa ta da ainihin bukatun nama da konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, don haka ya zama ainihin ƙabilanci ga wannan kyakkyawar dabba mai iko.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Ana daukar polar bear azzalumi ne wanda yakai hari koda mutane ne. Dabba ta fi son yanayin rayuwar aure, maza da mata suna haduwa ne kawai a cikin lokacin fitowar. A sauran lokatai, bears suna motsawa gaba ɗaya a cikin yankin nasu da aka ci nasara akan sauran 'yan uwansu, wannan kuma ya shafi ba ga maza kaɗai ba, har ma ga mata tare da jarirai.

Kiwo polar Bears, kula da zuriya

Dangane da juna, poa poan polar suna nuna halayensu cikin salama, yawancin faɗa suna faruwa tsakanin maza yayin lokutan taruwa. A wannan lokacin, ba wai kawai dabbobin da ke balaguro za su iya wahala ba, har ma da ƙwayoyin da ke hana mace sake shiga cikin wasannin mating.

Dabbobin sun girma ne lokacin jima'i yayin da suka kai shekaru 4 zuwa 8, yayin da mata suke a shirye su haifi zuriya 1-2 shekaru fiye da maza.

Dajin dabbar ta dace daga marigayi Maris zuwa farkon watan Yuni. Femaleaya mace za ta iya korar maza har zuwa bakwai. Kiwo yana ɗaukar aƙalla kwanaki 250, wanda yayi daidai da watanni 8. Cutar ciki tana farawa ne daga wani satin, wanda sanyin jinkiri ne a jikin amfrayo. Wannan fasalin yana da alaƙa ba kawai tare da ilimin kimiyyar dabbobi ba, har ma da yanayin wurin zama. Dole ne mace ta shirya domin ci gaban tayin da kuma tsawon lokacin hibernation. Kusan ƙarshen Oktoba, sai ta fara ba da kayan ragon ta, kuma saboda wannan dalili a wasu lokuta kan mamaye ɗaruruwan kilomita. Mata da yawa suna tono layin kusa da gine-ginen da ake dasu. Don haka, akan kasusuwa Wrangel da Franz Joseph akwai aƙalla lambobi kusan 150 kusa.

Ci gaban amfrayo yana farawa ne a tsakiyar Nuwamba, lokacin da mace ta riga tayi bacci.Harkokin sa na walƙiya ya ƙare a watan Afrilu kuma a kusan lokaci guda, san sanduna 1-3 sun bayyana a cikin ramin, suna awo daga 450 zuwa 700 a kowace. Banda shi ne haihuwar saya 4. Yaran sun lullube da ulu mai kauri, wanda a hakika ba ya kare su daga sanyi, saboda haka a farkon makonnin rayuwarsu mace ba ta barin kogon, yana tallafawa kasancewar ta saboda yawan kitse.

Cubasan jarirai suna ciyar da shayarwa kawai a madara. Ba su buɗe idanunsu nan da nan ba, amma wata daya bayan haihuwa. Babiesan jarirai masu wata biyu sun fara yin fita daga cikin ƙuruciya, ta yadda idan suka kai watanni 3 sai su bar ta gaba ɗaya. A lokaci guda, suna ci gaba da shan madara kuma suna kusanci da mace har sai sun kai shekaru 1.5. Cubananan 'yan ƙanana sun kusan zama marasa taimako, saboda haka galibi suna zama ganima ga masu manyan dabbobi. Mutuwar ƙwayar polar a ƙarƙashin shekarun 1 shekara shine aƙalla 10-30%.

Sabuwar ciki a cikin mace na faruwa ne kawai bayan mutuwar zuriya, ko gabatarwarsa zuwa cikin balagaggu, watau babu wani lokaci sama da 1 a cikin shekaru 2-3. Matsakaicin, babu abin da ya haife sama da 15 daga kowace mace daya a cikin rayuwarta gaba daya, rabinsu suna mutuwa.

Me ɗan tsintsin rai zai ci?

Theaunar pola tana cin abinci na musamman da abincin kifi. Wadanda abin ya shafa sune zaren hatimi, hatimi na zobe, kumburin teku, walrus, beluga whale da narwhals. Bayan magabatan ya kashe ganima, ya ci naman da kitsensa. Wannan sashin gawa shine abin da polar bears suke ci a mafi yawan lokuta. Sun fi son kada su ci sabon nama, in banda lokacin da aka ci gaba da yajin abinci. Irin wannan abincin mai gina jiki ya zama dole don tarawar bitamin A a cikin hanta, wanda ke taimaka wa rayuwa tsawon hunturu ba tare da sakamako ba. Abin da tsintsiya madaidaiciya ba ya ci ana ɗaukarsa, azabar da ke bin sa - dawakai arctic da Wolves.

Don jikewa, maharbi yana buƙatar akalla kilo 7 na abinci. Gwarzon bege yana iya cin kilo kilo 19 ko fiye. Idan ganima ta ƙare, kuma babu wani iko da ya rage a bin ta, to, dabbar tana kiwon kifi, dabbar, ƙwai tsuntsu da kajin. A irin wannan lokacin, beyar ya zama mai haɗari ga mutane. Yana yawo zuwa bakin iyakar ƙauyuka, yana cin datti kuma yana kama matafiya da ba kowa. A cikin shekaru masu fama da yunwa, bears kuma ba sa raina algae da ciyawa. Yawancin lokaci na yajin aiki na yunwa da yawa ana faduwa ne a lokacin rani, lokacin da kankara ta narke kuma ta farfado daga bakin tekun. A wannan lokacin, ana tilasta wa bears su kashe nasu ajiyar mai, wani lokacin yunwa ta kwashe fiye da watanni 4 a jere. Tambayar menene belar ci a lokacin wannan lokacin ta zama ba ta da mahimmanci, tunda dabba tana shirye ta ci zahiri duk abin da yake motsawa.

Farauta

Gwajin yana cinye ganima na dogon lokaci, wani lokacin yakan tsaya na awanni na kusa da kogon kankara yayin tsammanin hatimi wanda zai hau iska. Da zaran anga wanda aka kashe ya saman ruwa, maharbar ta kashe wani iko mai ƙarfi a kanta. Abin mamakin gawa, ya manne wa hanunsa da jan ƙafa zuwa ƙasa. Don haɓaka damar kama shi, beyar ya shimfida iyakokin tsutsa kuma kusan ya tsintar da kansa cikin ruwa domin ya kula da bayyanar ganima.

Ganye ba zai iya cinye lokaci a cikin ruwa, wani lokaci suna buƙatar hutawa, wanda shine abin da polar polar ke amfani dashi. Da yake ya lura da takaddar da ta dace, bears ya yi iyo kuma ya juyar da kan dutsen da yake kanshi. Makomar hatimin shine ƙarshen yanke hukunci. Idan walrus ya zama ganima ga bears, to komai yana da sauki. Walruses suna da kariya mai ƙarfi a cikin nau'i na fatar gaban, wanda zasu iya sauƙaƙe dan wasan da ba shi da nasara. Walrus na tsufa na iya zama da ƙarfi fiye da beyar, musamman idan yana saurayi kuma ba shi da ƙwarewa a cikin waɗannan gwagwarmaya.

Da wannan a zuciya, bears kai hari kawai rauni, ko matasa walruses, yin shi na musamman a kan ƙasa. An gano ganima ta dogon lokaci, beyar ta yi nishi har zuwa kusancin da yake kusa da ita, bayan haka ta yi tsalle tsalle kuma ta leka wanda aka cutar da duk nauyinta.

Wanene na polar bear ke tsoro?

A cikin mazaunin halitta, beyar yana da ƙarancin maƙiya. Idan dabba ta ji rauni ko ba ta da lafiya, to, waƙoƙi, kisa whales, kyarkeci, foxes arctic har ma karnuka za su iya kai hari. Gatacciyar beyar ta fi ta kowane tsararrakin suna suna kuma tana iya jurewa koda sauƙaƙe tare da abokan hamayya da yawa waɗanda suka kai hari kan babban taron. Dabba mara lafiya yana cikin haɗari sosai kuma galibi ya fi dacewa don guje wa yaƙi, yana hutawa a rami.

Wani lokacin ganima da karnukan karnuka da karnuka sukan zama cuba cuban yara, waɗanda mahaifiyarsu ke farauta, ko kuma ta kula da su. Mafarautan da ke da sha'awar yanka dabba don karɓar ɓoyayyen kayanta da adadi mai yawa suma suna yiwa rayuwar beyar barazana.

Hadin dangi

Bears ya fara bayyana a duniyar tamu kimanin shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata. Amma kadaitacciyar bera ta kasance ta ware daga magabatanta launin ruwan kasa fiye da shekaru dubu 600 da suka gabata, kuma duk da haka dangin beraye na yau da kullun suna ci gaba da kasancewa dangi mafi kusa da shi.

Dukkanin jakar biyu da kuma bera mai launin ruwan kasa suna da kamanni, sabili da haka, sakamakon tsallakewa, ana samun zuriya mai cikakke, wanda daga baya kuma ana iya amfani da shi don samar da matasa dabbobi. Baƙon fari da fari ba za'a haife shi ba, amma matasa zasu gaji dukkan kyawawan halaye na mutane guda biyu.

A lokaci guda, da 'yar tsana da launin ruwan kasa suna zaune a cikin tsarin halittu daban-daban, wadanda suka shafi samuwar wasu halaye da yawa a cikinsu, da kuma bambance-bambance a abinci, halayya da salon rayuwa. Kasancewar mahimmin bambanci a cikin duka abubuwan da aka ambata a sama ya sanya ya yiwu a rarrabe launin ruwan kasa, ko grizzly, azaman jinsin daban.

Polar bear da bears brown: kwatankwacin bayanin

Dukansu jakar mara nauyi da bera mai launin ruwan kasa suna da wasu halaye daban-daban, asalinsu abubuwanda ke birkita abubuwan da zasu biyo baya:

Dukansu belar pola da bera mai launin fata sune masu haɗari masu haɗari, waɗanda ke haifar da tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da wanda ya fi ƙarfin yaƙi, belar pola ko bear grizzly? Ba shi yiwuwa a ba da tabbatacciyar amsa ga tambayar da aka yi game da wanda ya fi ƙarfi, ko kuma wanda zai kayar da bera mai wari ko launin ruwan kasa. Waɗannan dabbobin kusan basu taɓa shiga tsakani ba. A cikin gidan zoo, suna nuna halaye cikin lumana.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da polar bear

Akwai tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da bears. A lokaci guda, wasu fasalolin halayensa suna da ban sha'awa wanda ya cancanci kulawa ba kawai masoya na almara ba, har ma da matasa masu sha'awar dabbobin daji. Zuwa yau, an san abin da ke zuwa game da jakar polar:

Ana samun mafi girman kaddara a cikin Barents Sea, ƙananan dabbobi sun fi son tsibirin Svalbard da yankin kusa da shi. A cikin hotunan da aka ɗauka a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, fur ɗin polar ya bayyana baƙar fata. Arsaukan beren da ke jin yunwa na iya yin nisa mai nisa, suna motsawa ba kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma da iyo. A cikin wannan, da polar bear da launin ruwan kasa bear guda ɗaya suke.Gaskiyar da beyar ta bears wadda ta fi tsawon kwanaki 9 an rubuta. A wannan lokacin, macen ta mamaye sama da kilomita 660 a gabar Kogin Beaufort, ta rasa kashi 22 cikin dari na yawanta da bera mai shekara daya, amma ta kasance a raye tana iya isa bakin gaci. Bearaƙƙarfan bera ba ya jin tsoron mutum, maƙiyin da ke jin yunwa yana iya ba shi ganima, yana jin daɗin kwanaki da yawa. A cikin garin Churchill, na lardin Manitoba na Kanada, akwai wani wuri na musamman da bears ya ɓace a cikin yankin sasantawa na ɗan lokaci. Kasancewar zoo na wucin gadi muhimmin ma'auni ne. Ba ji tsoron kasancewar ɗan adam ba, maƙiyin da ke jin yunwa na iya shiga gidan ya kai hari ga mutum. Bayan tsananin wuce gona da iri da abinci, beyar ya bar garin da tuni ya zama abin tashin hankali, wanda hakan zai bashi damar fatan dawowarsa ba da daɗewa ba. A cewar Eskimos, 'yar karamar pola tana kunshe da dakaru dabi'un halitta. Wani mutum ba zai iya kiran kansa da wannan ba har sai ya shiga takamaiman daidaitawa da shi. Babban girar bera shine asalin magabacin zamani. A shekara ta 1962, an harbe wata bera mai nauyin kilo 1,002 a Alaska. Zama bera dabba ce mai-jini. Yanayin zafin jikinsa ya kai 31 digiri Celsius, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba shi da sauki ga maƙiyin da ke motsawa da sauri. Dogon gudu na iya haifar da zafi a jiki. An gabatar da yara ga hoton jigon polar ta hanyar zane-zane irin su Umka, Elka da Bernard. A kan duk abin da kuka fi so a Bears a cikin Sweets na Arewa akwai kuma hoto na beyar pola. Ranar hukumcin ranar bada karfi ita ce 27 ga watan Fabrairu. Lararfin polar shine ɗayan alamun Alaska.

Ana ɗaukar bears na polar, amma ba a iya wadatar da su ba, saboda an dawo da yawan su sosai a hankali. Dangane da wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2013, adadin bear a Rasha bai wuce mutum dubu 7 ba (mutane 20-25 dubu a duk duniya).

A karon farko, an gabatar da dokar hana fitar da nama da fatun wadannan dabbobin a cikin 1957, saboda kusan kusan gallazawar da mazauna gari da masu ba da fataucin suka yi. Larayoyin polar, waɗanda mazauninsu suka rikice, suna mamaye kayan mutane.

Me yasa aka jera polar bear a cikin Littafin Rubutu

Wannan maƙiyin yana da kyawawan gashi kuma yana da nama da yawa. Waɗannan sune fushin da ba a fassara su ba game da masu farauta waɗanda suka harbi dabbar ta daɗe. Taɓarɓarewar raguwa cikin yawan jama'a ya ba da gudummawa ga ɗumamar yanayi da gurɓatar muhalli. A cewar masana kimiyya, yankin rage murfin kankara ya ragu da 25%, glaciers suna narkewa da sauri.

An gurbata yankin ruwan tare da samfuran cutarwa da sharar gida. Kuma beyar mu yana rayuwa sama da shekara guda, ana ɗaukar tsinkayen da ya daɗe. A wannan lokacin, ya tara abubuwa da yawa masu guba da rashin lafiyar dabbobi a jikinsa. Wannan ya rage yiwuwar haihuwa.

Yanzu a duniya akwai daga dubu 22 zuwa 31 na waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin. Kuma bisa ga kintace, ta 2050 lambar na iya raguwa da wani 30%. Bayan wannan bayanin babu tambayoyi dalilin da ya sa aka shigar da polar bear a cikin Red Book.Barin farautar bela a cikin Arctic Rasha an haramta shi tun 1956.

A shekara ta 1973, kasashen yankin ruwan Arctic sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya kan kiyaye garkuwar polar. Kasarmu tana kare wannan mai farautar a matsayin nau'in barazanar da ke cikin jerin theungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don kiyayewa da Yanayi (Littafin Layi na Duniya) da kuma daga Littafin Rashan na Federationungiyar Rasha.

Mece ce mafarkin beyar polar

Zai zama baƙon abu idan haka mutunta farin bera, ba mu sanya wata ma'ana ga bayyanar sa a cikin mafarkanmu ba. Ba ko kaɗan. A kusan dukkanin sanannun litattafan mafarki, mutum na iya karanta abin da berayen bela suke gani. Wasu suna ɗaukar bayyanar tasa a cikin mafarki mai kyau da ƙwarin gwiwa kyakkyawa, wasu suna ba da shawara shirya matsala don hakan.

Misali, littafin mafarkin Miller ya ce dolar bela a cikin mafarki shine batun zabin rayuwa mai zuwa. Idan beyar ya kai hari cikin mafarki, yi hattara da abokan gaba a rayuwa. Da beyar da ke iyo a kan dutsen kankara zai yi muku kashedi game da zamba.

Kuma ganin beyar da ke cinye hatimi yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar daina halaye marasa kyau. Idan kuka gundura cikin fata na beyar - zaku iya shawo kan matsaloli a zahiri. Dubi belar pola - yana nufin cewa ba da daɗewa ba tsammani bikin aure da riba na kuɗi.

A cewar Freud, farauta na bears a cikin mafarki yana nufin cewa kuna buƙatar rage tashin hankali da tsayayyar arzor a rayuwar ku. Kuma a cewar Aesop, mafarautan mafarki na kirki da mugunta. Ba za ku iya yin yaƙi da shi a cikin mafarki ba, in ba haka ba za ku faɗi cikin gaskiya. Koyaya, idan kunyi kamar ya mutu lokacin da kuka gamu da shi, to a sauƙaƙe zai iya fita daga matsala mara amfani.

Bar polar bear yana nufin cewa matsalolinku zasu iya barin ku na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. A kowane hali, yana da kyau idan mutumin da yayi tunanin begen sa na rayuwa mai lafiya zai taimaka masa ya tsira.

Polar bear: bayanin

Wannan dabba ita ce mafi girma a cikin aji, kamar yadda manya zasu iya girma zuwa mita 3 a tsayi, yayin da nauyinta zai iya kaiwa ton 1. Matsakaicin matsakaicin mai ƙaddarar yana tsakanin mita 2.5, tare da matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 800. Tsawon tsinkayen manya yakai tsawan mita daya da rabi.

Mace sun bambanta da yawa kaɗan da nauyi, nauyinsu ba ya kai kilo 250. Ana samun ƙananan bears a cikin tsibirin Spitsbergen, kuma mafi girma da bears ya zauna a cikin tudun Bering Sea.

Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Zai yi wuya a rikitar da dabbar bege tare da kowace dabba, tunda tana da bambance-bambancen halayyar: farin farin Ja, dogo (mai kwatancen) wuyansa da kan kai. Launin rigar, dangane da lokacin shekara, na iya bambanta daga farin farashi zuwa launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, Jawo ya juya launin rawaya a lokacin bazara sakamakon haɗuwa da hasken rana.

Gashin gashi na polar ba shi da launi don canza launi, kuma gashin kansu suna da tsari mara nauyi. Saboda irin wannan tsarin ulu, za su iya watsa hasken ultraviolet ne kawai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga babban halayen zafi-iska na suturar dabba. A kan cinyoyin paws, ulu kuma yana haɓaka, wanda ke ba da izinin bear don motsawa cikin ƙarfin zuciya kan kankara mai narkewa. A cikin membranes suna tsakanin yatsunsu, godiya ga wanda polar bear ta ji yana da girma a cikin ruwa. Hannun maharbin yana da girma da ƙarfi, saboda haka belar tata tana iya jurewa da babban ganima.

Tsarin kiwo

Yanayinta sun kasafta tsawon watanni tsawan lokaci zuwa tsarin kiwo a cikin katako. Tsarin kiwo ya fara ne wani wuri a tsakiyar Maris. A wannan lokacin, zaka ga ba maza kaɗai ba, amma an rarraba dabbobi cikin nau'i-nau'i, kodayake akwai lokuta da yawa maza sun kasance kusa da mace. Zamanin da ya isa ya isa yakai kimanin mako biyu.

Ciki na bela

Mace da aka yi wa maza hadaran 'ya'yanta na haɗuwa da kimanin watanni 8. A cikin matakan farko na ciki, da alama mace ta kasance wacce ba za a iya bambance ta da wacce ba ta kasance mara haihuwa ba, amma watanni biyu kafin haihuwa, mace da ta hadu da ita tana zama mai fushi, mara aiki kuma galibi tana kwance akan ciki. A wannan lokacin, mace ta rasa ci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu, amma a cikin mace mai mahimmanci, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ana haihuwar ɗa guda ɗaya. Gwajin mai ciki yana ciyar da duk lokacin hunturu a cikin kogon, wanda yake kusa da tekun tudu kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Bayyanar kawunan

Bayan haihuwar, 'Ya'yan ba su da ƙarfin yin wanka, saboda haka beyar ta yi kwance a gefenta. Cubaƙatan suna a tsakanin ƙafafunta da kirjinta, yayin da ita kuma tana kwantar da su tare da zafin numfashi. Swayen da aka haife su basu wuce kilogram ba, tsayin su kuma yana tsakanin 25 cm.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, jarirai makafi ne kuma bayan wata daya da rabi ne suka fara gani. Tuni tun yana ɗan wata ɗaya, beyar ya ciyar da zuriyarsa a cikin wurin zama. A cikin watan Maris, mace a hankali suna barin matsugunansu.A daidai wannan lokacin, 'yan sanduna sukan fito daga wasu lokutan don yin tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsu a lokacin. Dare kuma, suna komawa zuwa ga layinsu. Cubs suna wasa kuma suna iyo a dusar ƙanƙara.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! A matsayinka na mai mulki, har zuwa kashi 30 na 'yan marayu da kusan kashi 15 na matasa, mutane masu girma da haihuwa sun mutu, wanda ke da babban tasiri ga yawan bearan wasan bela.

Abokan halitta

Babbar mai farautar fata kamar ta polar bear ba ta da abokan gaba na zahiri, kodayake kifayen kifi da kifin shark ya haifar da hatsari. Mafi yawa daga cikin manya suna mutuwa ne sakamakon raunin da ya faru a sakamakon hargitsi tsakanin su ko lokacin da suke farautar manyan abubuwa, waɗanda suke da sauƙin miƙe jikin beyar da ƙyallensu. Ba sau da yawa sau da yawa, polar bears mutu saboda yunwa.

Ana ɗaukar mutumin a matsayin abokin gaba mafi haɗari ga bears, tunda musamman irin waɗannan ƙasashe na arewa kamar su Eskimos, Chukchi, Nenets ƙarni da yawa suna farautar wannan dabbar kuma ta ci gaba da yi har zuwa yau. Ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam yana da tasirin sakamako daidai da adadin bear mai yawa. A cikin lokaci ɗaya, mafarautan sun lalata ƙudirin polar ɗari. Kimanin sama da rabin karni da suka gabata, an haramta farautar bera, kuma a cikin 1965 an saka shi cikin jerin nau'in halittun da ke barazanar lalata.

Hadari ga mutane

Akwai wasu lokuta sanannu game da harin da wannan magabcin zai yiwa mutum, kodayake mutumin da aka shigar da shi cikin sararin waɗannan dabbobin ya isa ya zargi komai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an ambata wannan cikin bayanin kula ko rahotanni, idan zaka iya kiransu wancan, na matafiya masu tafiye-tafiye. Sabili da haka, a wuraren da wannan maɓallin zai iya bayyana, kuna buƙatar motsawa tare da babban kulawa. Wajibi ne a dauki dukkan matakan tabbatar da cewa an samar da yanayi a cikin mazaunan mutane wadanda ba za su jawo hankalin mai jin yunwa ba.

A ƙarshe

Ana la'akari da belar polar ba kawai mafi girma ba, har ma kyakkyawan dabba, mai daraja. A cewar masana kimiyya, a yau a duniya akwai kadan fiye da 30 dubu irin waɗannan dabbobi, amma wannan ya kasance bisa ga tsinkaye mai faɗi. A shekarar 2050, adadin wadannan dabbobin na iya raguwa da kashi daya bisa uku. Yawan dabbobi sun shafi muhimmanci ta:

• Wayarwa. Duk da haramcin da ake samu da kuma wasu matakai na kariya, satar 'yan mata tana yin aikinta mara kyau. Kuma duk saboda farashin konkoma karãtunsa na fata na polar polar (musamman akan kasuwar baƙar fata) kawai yana daɗaɗawa. Don haka, wasu daga cikin masu ba da izini ba su tsayar da waɗancan matakan da dokoki waɗanda ke da niyyar adana wannan dabba ga zuriyayenmu.
• Yawan dumamar yanayi. A cewar masana kimiyya dangane da binciken, murfin kankara na Arctic yana narkewa sosai kuma a kowace rana. A cewar masana kimiyyar Amurka, a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, yankin Arctic kankara, wanda shine mazaunin dabi'ar bears, ana iya rage kusan kashi 40. An yi imanin cewa a yanzu wannan adadi aƙalla ya kai kashi 25 cikin ɗari, kodayake yawancin masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan lambobin zalla ne kawai.
• Gurbata muhalli. Wannan tsari kuma shine duniya ta yanayin kuma ya haɗu zuwa gaɓar teku da yankunan bakin teku na Arctic. Wannan na iya haɗawa da gurbataccen iska ta magungunan kashe ƙwari, abubuwan radionuclides, samfuran konewa, gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, mai da mai, mai, da sauransu. A takaice dai, gurɓatar da kewayen Arctic na da alaƙa da rayuwar ɗan adam. Ganin cewa bela mai tsayi ne mai dadewa, jikinta yana fuskantar mummunan tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da guba a cikin shekaru.

Idan kuka shiga cikin matsayin, ya zama a bayyane: wani mutum ba da gangan ya mamaye yanayi ba, yana yin mummunar tasiri a kansa, wanda duniyar dabbobi ke shan wahala. Don wasu dalilai, mutum ba ya tunanin cewa yana gaba a layin. Kashe yanayi ba da gangan ba, yana kashe kansa.

Asalin jinsin

Da farko an zaci cewa ɗan tsintsiya yana rabu da bera mai launin ruwan kasa kimanin shekaru dubu 45-150 da suka wuce, tabbas a cikin yankin ƙasar Ireland ta zamani. Koyaya, wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa 'yar karamar pola ta rabu da magabatansu na yau da kullun tare da berayen 338-99 da suka wuce (matsakaicin shekaru dubu 600 da suka shude), da kuma shekaru 100-120 da suka shude sakamakon giciye-nauye-nauyen halitta, sun yi matukar birgeshi, sakamakon shi Dukkanin furannin zamani duk zuriyarsu ne.

Irƙira da polar da bera da beraye ya faru tsawon lokaci, sakamakon abin da 2% (a cikin wasu alƙaluma, daga 5 zuwa 10%) na polar bears 'kayan gado ana samun su ne a cikin launin ruwan ƙasa. Lara Poan itace da launin ruwan kasa suna haɓaka zuriya masu yawa, saboda suna da asali. Bayan haka, ba za su iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci a tsarin halittun juna ba; suna da dabi'un dabbobi daban-daban, yanayin rayuwa, tsarin rayuwa, da sauran haruffan dabi'a, wanda ke ba da damar rarrabe su azaman nau'ikan daban-daban.

Bayyanar

Laraunar polar ita ce mafi girman wakilcin dangin bear da kuma umarnin hukunci. Tsawonta ya kai 3 m, nauyi har zuwa t 1. Yawancin lokaci maza sunkai kilogiram 450-500, tsayin jiki 200-250 cm. Matan suna da karancin nauyi (200-300 kg, 160-250 cm). Tsawan tsinkaye a ƙasan 130-150 cm. Ana samun ƙananan bears akan Svalbard, mafi girma - a cikin Tekun Bering.

An bambanta belar pola daga wasu bears ta dogon wuya da kuma lebur. Fatar jikinta baƙar fata ce. A launi da Jawo gashi ya bambanta daga fari zuwa ruwan hoda, a lokacin rani Jawo na iya juya launin rawaya saboda ɗaukar kullun zuwa hasken rana. Gashin akuyar bela bashi da launi, kuma gashi ba komai. Haihuwa mai jujjuyawa tana aika sakon haske ne kawai, yana ba da kayan kwalliyar uluwan zafi. A cikin hoton daukar hoto, polar bears ta bayyana duhu. Sakamakon tsarin gashin gashi, 'yar tsana ta kan iya zama “wani lokacin kore”. Wannan na faruwa ne a cikin wani yanayi mai zafi (a cikin zoos), lokacinda algae microscopic algae yayi rauni a cikin ulu.

Hannun ƙafafun suna tare da ulu don kada su zame kan kankara kuma ba daskarewa. Tsakanin yatsun akwai membrane na iyo, kuma gaban paws ɗin an datse su da taushi. Manyan takun-ƙaunun na iya ja da baya koda da ƙarfi.

Yaɗa

Tana zaune a yankuna masu faɗi a cikin arewacin hemisphere na duniya.

Rarraba ko'ina, zuwa arewa - har zuwa 88 ° C. w. , kudu - zuwa Newfoundland, a kan tuddai - a hamadar Arctic zuwa tundra yankin. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, suna zaune ne a yankin Chukotka mai cin gashin kansa a gabar tekun Arctic, kazalika a cikin ruwan Chukchi da Bering Seas. Ana daukar yawan pola na Chukchi mafi girma a duniya.

Rayuwa & Abinci

Tana zaune a kan dusar kankara da kankara a teku, inda take kan babban abincinta: zoben zobe, zirin teku, walrus da sauran dabbobin ruwa. Yana kama su, yana tsalle daga bayan mafaka, ko kusa da ramuka: da zaran dabbar ta fitar da kai daga cikin ruwa, sai beyar ta fasa abin da take ci tare da dunƙule ta zama kan kankara. Wani lokacin yakan kankara kankara kan abin da hatimin yake a ƙasa. Tare da walrus zai iya jimre wa ƙasa. Wani lokacin ma yakan kai hari ga dabbobin doluga da ke cikin kankara. Da farko, yana cinye fatar da kitsen, ragowar gawa - kawai idan akwai tsananin yunwar. Ragowar ganima suna cinye dawakai. A wasu lokutan, masu ɗaukar kaya, lemomi, kifi mai mutu, ƙwai da kajin, na iya cin ciyawa da kuma tsiren ruwan teku, a ci sharar gida a wuraren zama. Laifukan 'yan fashin kayayyakin sayar da abinci na safarar ababen hawa an san su. Daga ganima, kuli-kuli mai karɓar ƙwayar Vitamin A sosai, wanda yake tarawa a cikin hanta.

Yana yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi daidai da canje-canje na shekara-shekara a kan iyakar kankara na pola: a lokacin rani yana komawa kusa da gungume tare da su, a cikin hunturu yana motsa kudu, yana shiga babban birni. Kodayake ana kiyaye polar bears a bakin teku da kankara, a cikin hunturu tana iya kwanciya cikin kogo a kan tsibiri ko kuma tsibiran, wani lokacin kilomita 50 daga teku.

Mace masu juna biyu yawanci suna fadawa cikin rashin bacci na tsawon kwanaki 50-80. Maza da mata na bazara suna hibernate na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ba shekara-shekara.

Duk da jinkirin da ake nunawa, berar polar tana da sauri da tsufa har ma da tudu, kuma cikin saukin iyo ruwa a ciki. Ya yi kauri sosai, yana da kyau sosai yana kare jikin beyar daga sanyi da sanyaya cikin ruwan kankara. Matsayi mai mahimmanci na daidaitawa yana aiki ne ta hanyar ƙaƙƙarfan murfin subcutaneous mai har zuwa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki. Farin launi yana taimakawa rufe maharbin. Harshen wari, ji da gani suna haɓaka da kyau - bears na iya ganin ganimarsa na tsawon kilomita da yawa, hatimin zoben na iya jin warin 800 m, kuma, kasancewa kai tsaye a kusa da inda yake, yana jin ƙaramar motsawa. Dangane da abin tunawa da Mataimakin Admiral A.F.Smelkov, beyar mai ba da ruwa ta ruwa wanda ke biye da shi yana iya yin saurin ƙarfe 3,5 (kusan kilomita 6.5). Rikodin da aka yi rikodin bera ya kasance kilomita 685, an ɗauke shi tare da ruwan beaufort, yana yin iyo daga Alaska zuwa arewacin don shirya kankara don farauta hatimin. Yayin da ta yi kwana tara, be-nata ta rasa danta mai shekara daya kuma ta yi asarar 20%. An lura da motsin dabbar ta hanyar amfani da bel ɗin GPS a haɗe.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Dabbobi kaɗai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna da aminci cikin danganta da juna, amma ruɗani yakan faru ne tsakanin maza yayin lokacin dabbar [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 1095 ba ]. Maza manya na iya kaiwa hari ga 'ya' yansu.

Race daga Maris zuwa Yuni. 3-4 maza yawanci bi mace a cikin estrus. A watan Oktoba, mace ta tono rami a cikin dusar ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara. Arsa havean wake suna da wuraren da aka fi so inda ake taruwa don ppan kuyai, alal misali, game da. Wrangel ko Franz Josef Land, inda akwai namba 150-200 a kowace shekara. Bears zauna a cikin tsakiyar Nuwamba, lokacin da latent mataki na ciki ƙare. Duk tsawon lokacin haila kwana 230-250 ne, 'ya' yansu bayyana a tsakiyar ko karshen lokacin hunturu na Arctic. Matar ta kasance cikin ɓoyewar har zuwa Afrilu.

Larayoyin polar suna da ƙarancin kiwo: mace ta fara haihuwar tana da shekaru 4-8, tana haihuwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3 kuma tana da 1-3a 1-3an 1-3 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, don haka kawo sama da 10-15aya 10-15 a rayuwarta. Jariri wanda ba shi da taimako, kamar kowane bears, kuma yana da adadin 450 zuwa 750. Bayan watanni 3, mace ta bar kogon tare da su kuma ta ci gaba da rayuwa cikin ɓata. Cubaƙatan suna tare da ita har tsawon shekara 1.5, duk wannan lokacin beyar tana ciyar da su da madara. Mutuwar tsakanin san sandar ya kai 10-30%.

Tsawon rayuwa mafi ƙarancin shekaru 25-30, a zaman fursuna rikodin tsawon rai shine shekaru 45. Polar bears sami damar hada da launin ruwan kasa da ba da m (iya samar da zuriya) hybrids - na iyakacin duniya grizzlies.

Darajar tattalin arziki

Mazauna yankin Arctic, alal misali, Eskimos, suna samun bear don kare fata da nama. A Rasha, an dakatar da farautarsa ​​tun 1956, a wasu ƙasashe (Amurka, Kanada da Greenland) yana da iyaka. Misali abubuwan da aka bayar don samar da polar bear a duk fadin yankin Kanuna na Nunavut sune kamar haka: 2000-2001 - 395, 2001-2002 - 408, 2002-2003 - 392, 2003-2004 - 398, 2004-2005 - 507 .

Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya

An jera polar bear a cikin Littafin Duniya na Red Ruwa da kuma a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Sannu a hankali da ƙarancin mace-mace ƙaramar dabbobi ke sa wannan dabbar da sauƙi.

Tun daga 1957, bisa ga umarnin Majalisar Ministocin RSFSR, an gabatar da dokar hana yawo da bear polar. A Tsibirin Wrangel a shekarar 1960, an kirkiro ajiyar kaya, an sake tsara shi a shekarar 1976 zuwa Tsarin Tsibirin na Wrangel.

A shekarar 2014, an ƙididdige yawan jama'a (a cikin duniya) a cikin mutum 20,000 - 25,000.

A cikin 2008, tare da goyon baya na Gwamnatin Rasha, an fara aiki a kan shirye-shirye da yawa da suka danganci nazarin ƙwararrun dabbobi musamman masu mahimmanci na Rasha, ciki har da shirin Polar Bear. Tun daga shekara ta 2010, theungiyar Geasa da ke Russianasar Rasha ke tallafawa wannan aikin.

A Rasha, akwai polar pola dubu 5, kuma harbe-harben shekara-shekara yana daga mutane 150 zuwa 200. Sakamakon raguwar ƙimar garin Dixon, yawan wargajewar ɗan belar ya ɗan ragu kaɗan. A cikin zamanin Pleistocene, kusan shekaru dubu 100 da suka gabata, mafi girman reshe na babban polar bear ya rayu, wanda yafi girma girma.

A cikin 2013, an kiyasta yawan ofan bear a Rasha ya kai kimanin mutane 5-6 dubu. Bayan shekara ta 2018, ana shirin aiwatar da cikakken lissafin kuɗin bears a cikin Rasha.

Kai hari kan mutane

Yawancin hare-hare na polar bear da aka yiwa mutane ya zama sananne daga bayanan sanarwa da rahotanni na matafiya masu iya aikawa. Don haka, mahalarta shirin balaguron jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwan Holland mai suna Willem Barents, yayin lokacin hunturursu a Novaya Zemlya a watan Nuwamba 1596 - Mayu 1597, an daɗa tilasta su yin yaƙi da musar da kai hare hare.

Matsa cikin wuraren da akwai haɗarin beyar, ya zama dole tare da taka tsantsan. A cikin ƙauyuka a cikin irin waɗannan wurare yakamata a sami 'yan kaɗan na abin da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙasa da kuma sauƙin isar da saurin abinci wanda ke jan hankalin bera.

A cikin garin Churchill da ke lardin Manitoba na Kanada, wanda kusa da beke da yawa ke zaune, akwai kurkuku na musamman don riƙe bears na ɗan lokaci kusa da birni kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga mazaunansa.

A al'ada

A matsayinka na babban mutum mai iko, mai iko a wasu lokuta, mai hadari ne ga dan Adam, dolar tutar dadewa wani hali ne da ake girmamawa a tsakanin al'umman asalin Arewa. A cikin ayyukan da aka yi amfani da shi na fasahar Chukchi - sassaka zane a kan kasusuwa da warkokin walrus - daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi so shi ne salon wasan tsere-mai farauta. umka.

A cikin tatsuniyoyi da al'adun Eskimos, belar polar nanook Hakanan kwalliya ce wacce ta haifar da dawwamammen karfi na dabi'a, a cikin gwagwarmaya wacce namiji maharbi ya girma, farawarsa ya gudana. Wannan ra'ayin Eskimos game da bera yana daga cikin labarin marubucin Ba-Amurke Jack London, "The Legend of Kish."

A cikin labarin Leah Geraskina "A cikin ƙasar darussan da ba a koyar da su ba," polar bear tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ya yi asarar Poan Arewa saboda gaskiyar cewa Vitya Perestukin ba daidai ba ne ya ba da sunan yankunan yanki. A wasan karshe, lokacin da Vitya daidai sunanta bangarorin sauyin yanayi, beyar ta dawo zuwa yankin Arewa.

Tarihin littafin tarihin Dan Simmons na Tarihi na ta'addanci, wanda aka buga a cikin Amurka a cikin 2007, wanda aka sadaukar dashi ga bala'i na balaguron John Franklin (1845 zuwa 1848), ya bayyana halayyar tarihin camfin Eskimo mai launi Tuunbak - wani katon kwai na cannibal tare da tsawon mita 4 da fiye da tan yin nauyi.

Numismatics

• An nuna hoton dabbar da ta mutu a kan dutsen kankara mai iyo a kan tsabar kudin Tarayyar Kanada a cikin adadin $ 2. (tsabar kudin ya kasance tun daga ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, 1996 zuwa yanzu).
• Hoton wani babban polar bero a kan dusar kankara mai dusar kankara ya kasance a daya daga cikin ayyukan tuna-tsabar tsabar tsabar tsabar kudi ta kwatankwacin dala-dala dala da aka sadaukar domin jihar Alaska. Koyaya, aikin tare da hoton babban aikin tsunduma cikin kamun kifi (tsabar kudin ya kasance a cikin rarraba daga Agusta 23, 2008 har zuwa yau).
• Hoton wata 'yar tsana da kera da kuma teddy bera tana nan akan tsabar kudin Yuro 5 (tsabar farin ƙarfe da azurfa). Coins a cikin 2014 aka ba da izinin Austrian Mint.

"Umka" a cikin Chukchi na nufin beyar, ko kuma, daidai yadda ya kamata, "bege namiji polar bear"

Fim

• Umka (farin teddy bear) - alamar wasan kwaikwayo "Umka", "Umka tana neman aboki" da "Umka akan bishiyar Kirsimeti." Hakanan ya bayyana a majigin yara "Elka da Star Postman" da "Elka", sun riga sun zama halayyar sakandare kuma kakanin magabacin mutumin.
• Elka - wani farin zanen bege, halayyar fina-finan masu rai "Elka da Star Postman" da "Elka", jikan Umka.
• White Cloud (farin teddy bear) a cikin zane mai ban dariya "Mi-mi-bears." Asali daga Dogon Arewa. Mai hikima, mai hankali, yana son yanayi kuma yana kulawa da kiyayewa.
• Polar Bear ita ce babbar sifa a cikin zane mai ban dariya na Turanci na 1998 Bear, wanda ya danganta da littafin tarihin yara wanda Raymond Briggs ya rubuta.
• A cikin zane mai ban dariya "A cikin ofasashen Koyan Ilmi" ba a ba da rahoton bears ba. Kamar yadda yake a labarin, ya rasa Poan Arewa. Amma idan a cikin labarin bears ya bayyana akai-akai, to a cikin katangar ya bayyana sau ɗaya kawai. Bugu da kari, a cikin zane mai ban dariya, beyar ba zata sake dawowa da katako na Arewa ba.
• Yorek Birnison is an armored polar bear daga fim din The Golden Compass, wanda aka shirya fim din dangane da Philip Pulman trilogy Dark Beginnings.
• Bernard - belar pola, halayyar jerin jerin "Bernard".
• Farar fata (Ice bear) - sifofin jerin shirye-shiryen rayayyun Gaskiya game da bears.