Wataƙila za muyi magana game da yawancin tsuntsayen hunturu - titmouse.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa zaku iya haɗuwa da tit a kusan ko'ina, Na ci nasara cewa tabbatattun abubuwa da yawa daga rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen ba ku sani ba. Yayi laushi sosai don karantawa, a ƙarshen bidiyo.
Titmouse (Latin Paridae) wani yanki ne na kalmomin son rai a cikin gajeren zango tare da ɗan gajeren baki da kuma canza launuka na shugaban, wani lokacin tare da crest, wanda aka samo a arewacin ƙwallon ƙafa da Afirka. A cikin ƙasashen CIS ƙasashe goma jinsunan suna zaune:
- Babban tit (Parus manyan),
- tit na gabashin (Parus qananan),
- crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus),
- titin bakin ruwan dare (Cyanistes caeruleus),
- Blue Tit (Cyanistes cyanus),
- Moscow (Periparus ater),
- getaƙwalwa mai launin ruwan kasa (Poecile montana),
- gaiter baki-kai (Poecile palustris),
- gadan kasuwar kan-mai launin toka (Poecile cinctus)
- yew tit (Poecile varus).
- Titin yana da mutukar gaske - yana ci kusan kullun, koda kuwa baya jin yunwar: yana farauta iri ɗaya ne don ɓoye abin da ya mallaka, sannan kuma, idan yana jin yunwa, sai a ci. Ta sanya hannun jari ta tit a wani wurin da ba kowa ke ciki - m, ba da wuta.
- Yankin yankin ciyarwa mai yawa. Yana ciyar da har ma a kan kwari irin su silkworm da caterpillars na hawthorn, yayin da yawancin tsuntsayen ba sa cin waɗannan kwari.
- Don haka, bayanin farko game da tit ɗin an samo shi a farkon aikin majalisar dokoki game da kare tsuntsaye, inda banda shi, 'yan wasan tauraro suna cikin jerin masu amfani ga sararin samaniya. Dokar ta fara ne a karni na 13, inda a cikin 1328, bisa umarnin Louis na Bavaria, "an sanya babban kara ga duk wanda ya yi kokarin kashe zakka - mafi kishin kwale-kwalen kwari".
- Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, amma saba da Russia - waɗannan sune abubuwan da ake kira "manyan tsuntsaye". Suna zaune ne galibi a Rasha. Baya ga sanannun sanannun-mai taken launin rawaya mai mahimmanci, sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan titmouse sune kuma sanannun: blue tit, Muscovite, gait goge, ladle, da csted tit.
- Titsitsin sauƙi ana tarko kuma ana iya rarrabe su. Idan kana da haƙuri, za ka iya ciyar da kofofin “daji” a cikin daji ko yin kiliya daga dabino daga hannunka.
- A cewar tsohuwar tatsuniyar Rasha, tsuntsayen-hunturu-tsuntsaye - tsuntsaye, waxwings, carduelis, jays - tashi daga Nuwamba 12th. A lokacin rani, waɗannan tsuntsaye suna ci gaba da zama a cikin daji, kuma tare da yanayin sanyi na farko suna motsawa kusa da mutum. Akwai irin wannan alamar: idan akwai da yawa tsuntsaye a kusa da gidaje - jira don farkon yanayin sanyi.
- Mafi yawan tsuntsayen baƙuwa ne. A lokacin rani, tsuntsaye suna ciyar da kwari da iri na shuka, ta haka suna cika muhimmacin aikinsu don kare tsirrai na tsirrai daga kwari.
- Sunan 'tit' bai fito daga bakin shuhunan tsuntsaye ba. Daga cikin tsuntsayenmu, ana samun gashin fuka-falle mai bakin shuɗi, amma sai a kambi. Kuma tsuntsayen sunansu don waƙoƙin waƙoƙi suna tunawa da sautin ringi: "Zin-zin!"
- Daga cikin tsuntsayen, ƙarancin goro ne kawai zai iya datse kogon da kanta a cikin ɓataccen bishiyar itace. Sauran nau'ikan tsuntsaye suna amfani da katuwar katako na katako.
- Tsuntsayen daji, gami da tsuntsaye, ba za a iya ciyar dasu da burodin launin ruwan kasa ba. Tsuntsaye sau da yawa suna barin wani ɓangare na abinci a cikin goiter, inda burodin da sauri ya yi yawo kuma yawo, yana iya kashe tsuntsu. Gwanin hatsin rai yana da haɗari musamman saboda an ƙara yisti a ciki fiye da alkama.
- Babban titin yana da sunaye daban-daban. Ga girmanta ana kiranta babban kare, don waƙarta mai ban dariya - zinziver, kuma saboda iyawarta da fasaha don tsalle bisa rassan bishiyoyi - ciyawar ciyawa.
- Babban tit - tsuntsu daga titmouse. Wannan wata kyakkyawar tsuntsu ce mai kyawu da kyan gani - tana da bakar fata a kanta, kumatun ta suna dusar ƙanƙara, farin ciki yana da shuɗi, da kuma baya mai launin shuɗi. Wutsiya da fikafikan suna da laushi mai kyau. Kusa da kai da kan kirji akwai fararen kararrawa a bayyane. Maza yawanci launuka ne mai haske fiye da mace. A cikin girman, wannan tsuntsu kusan iri ɗaya ne da sananniyar sparrow. Tsawonsa ya kasance daga 13 zuwa 17 cm, kuma fikafikan sa har zuwa 26 cm.
- Lokacin kiwo na manyan tsuntsaye yakan kasance daga Janairu zuwa Fabrairu zuwa Satumba. A ƙarshen hunturu, namiji ya zaɓi wurin da yake farawa inda ya fara rera waƙoƙi, yana gayyatar mace ta gina gida. Gida mafi yawa yakan zauna a cikin rami na itace, amma yana iya kasancewa a cikin kowane sanan - a kan dutse, a bango na gida ko wani wuri. Kawai mace ce ke shirya kwalliyar gida, tana zabar furanni mai bakin ciki, ciyawar ciyawa, bara, gyada da sauran kayayyaki. Sannan macen ta sanya kwai 5 zuwa 12 a cikin gida kuma ta sanya su har tsawon sati biyu. Duk wannan lokacin namiji yana ciyar da mace. Kuma lokacin da kajin ke karaya, iyayen biyu suna neman abinci a gare su. Bayan sati biyu ko uku, kajin sun tashi daga inda suke, amma a wani lokaci sukan kasance tare da iyayensu, kuma suna ciyar da su. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin shekara guda, ana cinye kaji sau biyu.
- Babban tit din baya yin hannun jari a lokacin hunturu, amma a sauƙaƙe yana gano hannun jari wanda wasu tsuntsaye da dabbobi sukayi.
- An bayyana babban tit ta shahararren masanin kimiyar Sweden Karl Linnaeus a cikin 1758, ya ba da lambar ta Latin sunan, wanda aka fassara - babban tit.
- Theaukar tit ɗin misali ne tabbatacce na yadda zaka iya aje wuta yayin da kake cikin iska. Wadannan tsuntsayen da ke magana a hankali suna tashi da sauri, kuma a lokaci guda suna da wuya a fusace fuka-fukan su. Yana da kyau a lura da wannan cikin jinkirin motsi, amma kuma zaka iya lura tare da ido tsirara peculiarities of jirgin of tits: waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen suna kamar suna nitsewa, bayan wannan, da sauri suna girgiza su kamar sau biyu, suna sake tashi zuwa sama, kullun suna bayyana yanayin rashin ƙarfi a cikin iska. Bayan haka kuma, tare da irin wannan jirgin da ba a sarrafa shi ba, sun sami damar yin amfani da wayo cikin wata dabara mai zurfi!
- Masana kimiyyar dabi'a sunce tashi ne na titmouse, kuma ba shaho bane, crane, goge ko babban taron jama'a, wannan misali ne tabbatacce game da kuzarin kuzari na kuzari da kuzari. Abin da ya sa ƙaramin titmouse ke tashi tare da babban gudu, amma da wuya ya tashi fuka-fukansa.
- An haɗu da rakodin nau'ikan nau'ikan a cikin hunturu a cikin garken tare da katako da kuma pikas kuma waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna ƙaura cikin daji don neman abinci. Idan kun yi sa'ar samun hanyar zuwa cikin irin wannan garken mai launi, zaku ji wata sanarwa mai cike da tarihi wacce ba a manta da ita ba, kwarin gwiwar pikas, katako mai tsayi da katako mai tsayi da kayan haɗi.
- Tit, shan iri (misali, sunflower), baya ƙoƙarin share shi. Madadin haka, ta latsa tsotsar tsotsar jini tare da dunbin reshin, sai tsuntsun yayi niyyar ya fasa shi da baki, ya tsokane naman. Haka kuma, koda an yanyanka iri a cikin rabin a cikin paw dinta, har yanzu zai taurare kanshi ya cire kayan dabbar, maimakon hadiye komai.
- Da yake firgita, babban tit fara fuss da crack da karfi. Aƙalla sauti iri ɗaya suna yin budurwa gida idan kun tsoratar da su
- Kimiyya ta gano cewa suna da ƙwaƙwalwar mamaki. A zahiri suna tuna wuraren da suka sami damar neman abinci. Tsuntsayen suna bincika duk wuraren da zasu iya zama tushen abinci. Wannan ya ba su mataimakafi masu dacewa cikin halakar ba wai kawai kwari ba, har ma da ciyawar ciyawa masu cutarwa.
- Tit ɗin yana da ɗan rauni - suna buƙatar ruwa mai tsabta duk shekara. Tabbas, wannan baya nufin cewa tsuntsayen ba zasu sha daga dabbobin ba. Koyaya, da farko tsuntsaye za su nemi asalin ruwa mai kyau, idan kuma ba ta nan, tsuntsaye na iya barin farfajiyar ku.
- Masu binciken masana a Jami'ar Oxford, bayan gwaje-gwaje da lura, sun bayyana hujjoji game da tsuntsaye - ma'aurata suna shirye don yin hadaya ko da abinci don kada su rabu da juna ko da na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Irin wannan amincin "swan" yana nan a cikin wannan ƙarami-manufofin tsuntsaye.
- Nunin Jima'i a cikin tsuntsaye yana nuna rauni. Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun fi sauki fiye da maza, amma gaba ɗaya launinsu ya zo daidai. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa: madaurin gashi baki mai tsawo a bakin tsuntsayen maza a cikin maza yana fadada zuwa wutsiya, kuma a cikin mace, akasin haka, ya zama bakin ciki. Matasa kuma suna da bambanci daban-daban, tare da launuka zaitun mai launin ruwan kasa sun mamaye tsarin aikinsa.
- Yawancin lokaci abokantaka masu ƙauna da abokantaka a lokacin farauta da ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai suna zama mawuyacin hali kuma suna kori baƙi daga yankunansu
- Kayan tsuntsaye suna rayuwa cikin yanayi na shekaru 1-3.
- Titunan kullun suna bincika abubuwa daban-daban don wadatar abinci, kama su da baki da kuma ji da harshen su.
- Filayen wannan tit a zabin wurin kiwo na iya zama abin misali - a cikin shekarun 1980, masana sun yi rijistar gaskiyar nunin na'urar a cikin ganga na bindiga a tsakar gidan kayan tarihi na Artillery a tsakiyar St. Petersburg
- Masana ilimin kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye wasu lokuta ana son wasu ƙananan, waɗanda ba a cika ɗaukar su ba (ƙaramin batir), amma galibi ana rike su ƙanana. Bayan kashe hadayarsa, alal misali, babban tit, sai ya fitar da kwakwalwar sa.
- Tsuntsaye da sauri suna amfani da su a cikin keji, baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Ya kamata ka san cewa tsuntsaye na iya lalata sassan katako na sel da aviary, niƙa su. Wani fasalin su shine ikon gano mafi ƙarancin rata a cikin tantanin halitta kuma ta hanyar shi don fita. Saboda haka, twigs a cikin keji ya kamata a isar da shi sau da yawa fiye da na sauran tsuntsaye na irin girman.
- A lokacin bazara, matsakaicin titin yana cin abinci sau 300-400 a kowace rana, shine yake cin abinci mai yawa a kowace rana kamar yadda yake awo.
- Sai kawai a lokacin lokacin kiwo, garken zai kasu kashi biyu kuma a fili zai raba yankin abinci, daidai yake da mita 50.
- Kasar Biritaniya an san ta da karfin ikon buɗe kwalaben madara mai cike da mayafin da madara ta bari a ƙofofin gidaje kuma ta ci kirim wanda ke iyo a wurin.
- Tit Muscovite, kamar yadda yake sauti, ba shi da alaƙa da Uwar gani. Wadannan tsuntsayen na Yankin Moscow, kwatankwacinsu da hotunan hotunan da aka gabatar a ƙasa, sunci sunan su ga wani yanki da ba a zaune ba. A cikin shuffuka na wannan jinsin, a saman kai da karkashin baki, rigar tana da launin baki mai cike da launi, tana samar da wani abin rufe fuska. “Maskovka” sunan wadannan tsuntsayen ne tun daga farko, daga baya aka canza sunan.
Bayyanar
Irin wannan yanayin na tsuntsaye, irin su dogaye mai tsayi da kauri, kuma yakamata a danganta su ga wannan dangin. Masana kimiyya sun sani cewa a cikin yanayi akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da dari, waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu kalmono ne. A lokaci guda, ana ɗaukarsa azaman ainihin tsuntsayen da aka haɗa su cikin jerin wannan dangin. Titin launin toka ya bambanta da sauran wakilan wannan dabi'ar saboda yana da rariyar baƙar fata tare da ciki, kuma crest ba ya nan. Bugu da kari, ta baya launin toka ne, bakar fata, “hula”, fararen tabo suna kan kuncinta, kirjinta yana da sauki. Abun ciki shima fari ne, kuma wani bakar fata yana gudana a tsakiya.
Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Gashin fuka-fukan a wutsiyar suna da kadan baƙi, kusoshi kuma suna da inuwa ashen.
Ana nuna ɓarnar da baƙar fata a tsakiya da fari a gefuna. Babban tit ana la'akari da tsuntsu mai adalci da kuzari. Tsawon jikinta kusan 15 cm, kuma matsakaicin nauyinta shine gram 20. Fuka-fuki na zakka ya kai ga umurni na girman 25 cm a kan matsakaici. Wannan tsuntsu yana da baki da wuyansa, ɓangaren na sama yana da inuwa na zaitun, ƙananan sashin kuma rawaya ne. Lafin kumatun tit shine farin farin, wanda yake bayyananne. Launin tuwon biri zai iya bambanta mai mahimmanci, gwargwadon rarar wannan asalin.
Halayya da salon rayuwa
TitTa isa ne ƙaƙƙarfan rayuwa mai motsi da sha'awa wanda ba zai iya zama wuri ɗaya ba na biyu. Tana cikin motsi koyaushe, kodayake ana ɗaukar wata tsuntsu mara misaltawa dangane da mazauninta. Kundin abin yana da kusan babu abokan hamayyar da zasu iya nuna iri ɗaya yanayin da son sani. Tit ɗin yana da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi kuma mai ƙarfi, don haka yana nuna abubuwan al'ajabi na motsi, saboda haka yana da ban sha'awa sosai don kallo.
Wannan tsuntsun shima yana nuna kwarewa ta musamman dangane da rayuwa, musamman a cikin matsanancin yanayi, koda kuwa yana nesa da mazaunin sa. Ta manne mata dankwalinta a reshe kuma nan da nan tayi bacci, ta juye cikin dunƙule. Wannan yanayin halayen nata yana taimakawa titmouse ya rayu a cikin yanayin koda lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi.
Kusan dukkan jinsunan titmys suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa na sassauci, kodayake wasu nau'ikan suna da saurin yin ƙaura lokaci-lokaci.
Kuma duk da haka, ba tare da la'akari da irin tsuntsayen ba, suna da haɗin kai kawai ta hanyar abubuwan ɗabi'unsu na musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da launi mai kyau, abin tunawa, yanayin rayuwa, da kuma nau'ikan wasannin motsa jiki da waƙoƙi na musamman, gwargwadon abin da sauƙi a rarrabe tit daga kowane tsuntsu.
Tit bai daina wuce lokaci 1 a shekara ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! A matsayinka na mulkin, ana iya ganin tsuntsaye masu launin toka a nau'i-nau'i, amma wani lokacin sukan tara a cikin kananan garke, idan muka yi la'akari da kowane rukuni daban daban. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin wadataccen abinci, don haka tsarin neman abinci ya sami wadata idan tsuntsayen suke neman abinci tare.
A dabi'a, dukkan nau'ikan tsuntsaye suna la'akari da cewa rukunan tsuntsaye, waɗanda za'a iya kiransu lafiya cikin jerin sararin kore. Titmouses suna lalata ɗumbin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, suna adana sarari kore daga mutuwa. Familyaya daga cikin iyalin tsuntsaye don ciyar da 'ya'yansu wanke kwari na har zuwa 40 itatuwa. Titmouse suna magana da kansu tare da sauti waɗanda suke da sauƙin rarrabewa daga sautin wasu nau'in tsuntsaye.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Idan mutum ba kwararre bane, to babu makawa zai iya bambance titin mace daga namiji, tunda kusan suna kama ne da kamannin su. Amma idan kun sanya su a kusa kuma kuyi zurfin tunani, za'a iya lura cewa mace tana da madaidaiciyar tabarma mai rauni wacce take gefen ciki. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da sauran jikin, don haka gashin kai da baƙar fata a cikin namiji ya bambanta da cewa a cikin mace waɗannan launuka sun fi yawa a fannin inuwa mai launin baƙi. A wannan yanayin, launi na wuya bazai ci gaba ba, kamar launi tsiri.
Nau'in Kiɗaye
A cikin bayanan theungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya na Ornithologists, an lura da nau'ikan 4 na manyan launin toka. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Titin launin toka yana nufin nau'in, wanda ya ƙunshi rassa da yawa, wanda har kwanan nan ya wakilci nau'in babban tit.
- Babban Tit (Bolshak) ya kasance mafi girma kuma mafi yaduwar halittu.
- Titin Jafananci (Gabas) ya haɗa da ashararori da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta cikin cewa ba su da haɗuwa akai-akai na ƙananan asusu.
- Green-goyon baya tit.
Kwanan nan, ana daukar titin Gabas (Jafananci) a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimmancin babban tit, amma ƙoƙarin wasu masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar tabbatar da cewa waɗannan nau'ikan biyu ne masu yanci daban daban.
Mahalli na zahiri
An sani cewa launin toka ana wakiltar wakilai 13, kamar su:
- P.c. ambiguus, tallafin da ke zaune a kan Sassancin Malacca da kuma tsibirin Sumatra.
- P.c. caschmirensis, yana nuna kasancewar wani wuri mai launin toka a bayan kai. Mazaunan wannan ƙananan wakilcin sune wakilan arewaci na gabas da Afghanistan, arewa da Pakistan da kuma arewa maso yamma na Indiya.
- P.c. cinereus Vieillot wata yarjejeniya ce ta gama gari a tsibirin Java, da kuma a tsibirin Sunarancin Sunda.
- P.c. Ana samun adon Koloz a arewa maso yammacin Afghanistan, da kuma arewa maso yammacin Pakistan.
- P.c. hainanus E.J.O. Hartert ƙungiya ce da take zaune a tsibirin Hainan.
- P.c. intermedius Zarudny wani reshe ne wanda ke wakiltar yankuna na arewa maso gabashin Iran da Turkmenistan arewa maso yamma.
- P.c. mahrattarum E.J.O. Hartert wani reshe ne wanda aka rarraba a yankin arewa maso yamma na Indiya, kazalika da Sri Lanka.
- P.c. shirin Planorum E.J.O. An rarraba Hartert a arewacin Indiya, a Nepal, a Bhutan, a Bangladesh, a tsakiya da kuma yammacin Myanmar.
- P.c. sarawacensis Slater wani reshe ne wanda aka samo a tsibirin Kalimantan.
- P.c.Ana samun stupae Koelz a yamma, tsakiya, da kuma arewa maso gabashin Indiya.
- c. templorum Meyer de Schauensee. Wannan reshe ya wakilci tsakiya da yamma na Thailand, da kuma kudu maso Indochina.
- P.c. vauriei Ripley wani reshe ne wanda yankin arewa maso gabashin Indiya yake wakilta.
- P.c. ziaratensis Whistler - Ana iya samun wannan tallafin a kudanci da tsakiyar Afghanistan, da kuma yammacin Pakistan.
An rarraba babban tit kusan a Gabas ta Tsakiya, har ma a Turai, Arewacin da Asiya ta Tsakiya, ciki har da wasu sassan Arewacin Afirka.
Babban tit ana wakilta ta hanyar rabe-raben 15, waɗanda ke da bambance bambancen mazauna. Misali:
- P.m. raphrodite - tallafin da ke zama a Kudancin Italiya, kudancin Girka, a tsibiran da ke cikin Tekun Aegean da Cyprus.
- P.m. Ana samun blanfordi a cikin yankuna na arewacin Iraki, a arewacin Afghanistan, a kudu na tsakiyar tsakiyar Kazakhstan da Uzbekistan.
- P.m. bokharensis - ana samun wannan tallafin a kan iyakar Turkmenistan, a arewacin Afghanistan, da kuma a arewacin yankuna na tsakiyar Iran.
- P.m. corsus. Subsarancin da ke mamaye yankin ƙasar Fotugal, kudancin Spain da Corsica.
- P.m. ecki. Ana samo shi a cikin Sardinia.
- P.m. yanzun nan - suna zaune ne a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, yamma da Maroko da kuma arewa maso yammacin Tunisiya.
- P.m. Ana samun ferghanensis a cikin Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan da kuma yammacin yammacin China.
- P.m. an rarraba kapustini a kudu maso gabas na Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskoy Alatau), a arewa maso yamma na Sin da Mongolia, a Transbaikalia, a Primorye, har zuwa arewa, har zuwa Tekun Okhotsk.
- P.m. Karelini ƙasa ce ta gama gari a kudu maso gabashin Azerbaijan da arewa maso yamma Iran.
- P.m. babba - wakili ne na kasashen Turai, Spain, Balkans, arewacin Italiya, Siberiya, Asiya ,arama, Caucasus, Azerbaijan.
- P.m. mallorcae ya zama ruwan dare a tsibirin Bamar.
- P.m. Newtoni sabon yankuna ne wanda ke kewaye da tsibirin Biritaniya, Netherlands, Belgium, da kuma yankuna na arewa maso yamma na Faransa.
- P.m. Ana samun niethammeri a cikin dajin Crete.
- P.m. terraesanctae, wani nau'in da ke zaune a yankunan Lebanon, Syria, Isra'ila, Jordan, da kuma yankuna na gabas na Misira.
- P.m. turkestanicus wani reshe ne wanda aka samu a yankin kudu maso gabashin Kazakhstan, da kuma a kudu maso yammacin Mongolia.
Wakilan ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-irensu sun zabi wurare a cikin yanayi, da ke tsakanin gandun daji, a wuraren bude ko gefuna, gami da kusan wuraren ajiya.
Akwai asusu 9 na Gabashin (Jafananci). Misali:
- P.m. amamiensis reshe ne wanda yake rayuwa a tsibirin Ryukyu na arewacin.
- P.m. commixtus. Kudancin wannan yankin suna wakilcin kudu ta China da arewacin Vietnam.
- P.m. asoletensis. Ana samun tallafin da ke cikin tsibiran Ullyndo, wanda ke kusa da Koriya.
- P.m. kagoshimae. Subsungiyar ta yankuna dake zaune a kudancin Kyushu da tsibirin Goto.
- P.m. karami. An samo shi a gabashin Siberiya, a kudu da Sakhalin, kazalika a arewa maso gabashin China, Korea da Japan.
- P.m. nigriloris. Subsungiyoyin masu tallafi suna zaune a kudu na tsibirin Ryukyu.
- m. nubiolus - wani reshe ne ke zaune a gabashin Myanmar, arewancin Thailand da kuma arewa maso yamma na Indochina.
- m. okinaway - wanda aka samo a tsakiyar tsibirin Ryukyu.
- P.m. tibetanus. Ana samun tallafin a kudancin Tibet, a kudu maso yammacin China da kuma a arewacin Myanmar.
Gidajen zama mai cike da launin kore sun hada da Bangladesh da Bhutan, yankin Sin da Indiya, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand da Vietnam. Wannan nau'in titmouse yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji da ciyayi masu daɗaɗɗun wurare masu nisa, tsabtatattun wurare da gandun daji mai laushi na tropics.
Abincin
Lokacin da wadannan tsuntsayen suka himmatu wajen fara ciyawa, suna cin kananan dabbobin, ciki har da lardin su. Wadannan tsuntsayen, waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu da tsari ne na gandun daji na ainihi, suna cin yawancin kwari masu cutarwa. Duk da wannan, abincin mai taken ya hada da:
- Cutar katako
- Gizo-gizo.
- Cranefish da sauran kwari.
- Kwari biyu masu fikafikai, gami da kwari, sauro da kuma kudanci.
- Halittu masu fikafikai, gami da kwari.
Bugu da kari, abincinsu ya hada da baranda, ciyawa da crickets, kazalika da kananan dodonlies, retina, earwigs, tururuwa, kumatu, millipedes, da sauransu. Titinuse mai lakume yana iya cin kudan zuma bayan an cire mayen. Bayan wintering, da tsuntsaye ganima a kan bat-dwarfs - dwarfs wanda, tare da isowar bazara, ba musamman ta hannu da kuma samun samuwa ga wadannan yanayi ቅደም. Tsarkoki suna ciyar da kajin su musamman tare da caterpillars na malam buɗe ido, girman wanda bai wuce 1 cm ba.
Tare da shigowar kaka da kuma hunturu, lokacin cin abinci, titin abinci yana daga tushen kayan lambu, a cikin nau'in hazel da kuma beech na Yahudawa. Itsawannin tsuntsaye sukan yi ƙaura saboda neman abinci, a wuraren da filayen abinci suke ci, kamar masara, hatsin rai, hatsi, alkama da sauran su.
Baya ga abubuwan abinci da ke sama na asalin shuka, ya danganta da yanayin rayuwa, tsuntsaye ke ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba na tsirrai masu zuwa:
- Spruce da Kaya.
- Maple da Linden.
- Lilacs.
- Itatuwan Birch.
- Kalaman doki.
- Pikulnikov.
- Lopukhov.
- Red elderberry.
- Irgi.
- Dutsen ash.
- Kwayabayoyi
- Hemp da sunflower.
Babban tit, ba kamar wasu wakilan irin wannan ba, irin su Lazarevka da Muscovite, ba su yin ajiyar ga hunturu ba. Kwaro mai suna "Milmomose" wani nau'in tsuntsu ne wanda yake saurin gano hannun jarin da sauran tsuntsaye suka tattara. Wasu masana suna jayayya cewa babban titin zai iya cin kowane nau'in kaya.
Yawancin lokaci titgets suna tashi zuwa cikin birni kuma suna ziyartar wuraren shakatawa da sauran wuraren da aka shigar da masu shayar tsuntsaye. Anan ne suka sami tsaba, garin burodi da sauran ragowar abinci, man shanu da kuma man alade. Sukan sami abinci don kansu a duk inda suke, gami da rawanin bishiyoyi, da kuma ganyayyaki na ganye da bishiyoyi.
Bayani mai ban sha'awa! An bambanta babban tit da gaskiyar cewa tana da jerin abubuwan abinci. Tana da ikon kashe sauran tsuntsayen, ƙarami ne ƙanƙanin girma, sannan kuma ƙyamar kwakwalwarsu.
Babban titin yana da katako mai karfi da karfi, wanda tsuntsu ke karya kwayoyi da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da daskararru, kafin cin abinci mai ban sha'awa. Hakanan ana kwatanta manyan tsuntsaye a matsayin masu farauta, tunda an san cewa suna ciyar da ragowar dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Kiwo da zuriya
Babban tsuntsaye (Bolshaki) a cikin ƙasarmu suna da ɗimbin jama'a. Waɗannan waɗannan tsuntsayen matan aure masu yin nau'i biyu, bayan wannan ne suka fara samar da gida. Mace da namiji tare suna renon zuriyarsu. Don bugun makwancinsu, sun zabi gandun daji, inda jinsunan bishiyoyi masu girma suke girma a yankin gabar teku, a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. Bangaren wuraren shakatawa ba su dace da ciyawar waɗannan tsuntsaye ba. Za a iya samarda kofa a ko ina, gami da daɗaɗɗun tsoffin gine-gine ko kuma rami na tsoffin bishiyoyi. Gidajen tsuntsaye sukan mamaye tsoffin gidaje wadanda sauran tsuntsaye suka bari a tsawan mitoci 2 zuwa 6. Tsuntsaye na iya samun sauƙin daidaitawa a cikin tsarin da aka yi don ɗan adam wanda ke da shinge.
Don ƙirƙirar gida don kansu, tsuntsaye suna tattarawa kuma ba su kawo ciyawa mai yawa ba ko kuma ɓarnaki, tushen tsire-tsire iri iri, gami da gansakuka. A cikin gida an yi shi da daddawa, kuma yana da ɗumi, saboda haka tsuntsayen suka rufe shi da ulu, cobwebs, auduga, fuka-fukai da gashin fuka-fukai, kuma a tsakiyar wannan gida babu wani babban hutu da aka rufe da horsehair ko ulu. Dangane da mazauninsu, girman gida yana iya zama daban, amma ya bambanta sosai kaɗan. Sabili da haka, matsakaicin ma'aunin ɓangaren ciki yana daga 40 zuwa 50 mm. A wannan yanayin, ma'aunin waje ya kai 40 mm zuwa 60 mm.
Titmouse ya lakume har ƙwai 15 na farin launi. A duk faɗin kwasfa, tabo da dige-giɗe da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, sai a warwatse ba da izini ba. Manyan tsuntsaye sukan yi har sau 2 a shekara. Offspringan fari sun bayyana wani wuri a ƙarshen Afrilu, na biyu kuma a kusa da tsakiyar bazara.
Mace tana ƙyamar ƙwai na tsawon sati 2, kuma namiji yana ciyar da "uwa" nan gaba duka wannan lokaci. Bayan haihuwar kajin, mace tana amfani da su da zafin jikinta a cikin kwanaki biyu na farko, tunda ga kajin an rufe ta da kalar launin toka.
A wannan lokacin, namiji dole ne ya ciyar da mace ba kawai, har ma da kajin. Bayan bayyanar wani abu kamar fuka-fukai a jikin kajin, mace ta bar gida, kuma sun fara ciyar da yaran gaba. A lokacin girma, kajin suna cin abinci da yawa, saboda haka iyayensu ba su iya sarrafa kwari da kwari, katako, da sauransu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! A lokacin tarawar, tsuntsaye suna da matukar tayar da hankali ga juna.
Wani wuri a cikin mako biyu, kajin an rufe shi da fuka-fukai kuma suna shirye don ciyar da kansu. Wani wuri ko'ina cikin sati, kajin har yanzu suna nan kusa da gidansu, kuma iyayensu suna ci gaba da ciyar da su. Dabbobin da ke da cikakkiyar ƙarfin jima'i za su kusanci farkon shekarar rayuwarsu.
Abokan Halitta na Blue Tit
Tsuntsaye an ware su a matsayin tsuntsayen masu amfani wadanda ke kare duka gandun daji da filayen al'adu daga yawan kwari mai cutarwa. Akwai dalilai na halitta da yawa waɗanda ke mummunar tasiri kan yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen masu amfani. Da fari dai, mutane da yawa suna mutuwa a cikin hunturu saboda ƙarancin abinci. Abu na biyu, da akwai wasu dabbobin da ke farautar tsuntsaye, gami da tsuntsaye.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Har wa yau, babu wasu matsalolin da ke tattare da yawan adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen, tunda yawansu suna da yawa. Dangane da wannan, wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa bukatar wasu matakan kariya ko kariya, in banda mafi karancin kudaden shigar da ke kan iyaka.
Misali, Titachin mustachioed Tit (Panurus biarmicus) abu ne da ba kasafai ake samun karancin karatu ba, wanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red tare da sauran tsuntsayen, kamar titin Yew (Jafananci). Ana samun wakilan wannan reshen na musamman a cikin tsibirin Kudancin Kuril, saboda karancin mazaunin wannan rukuni.
A ƙarshe
Abubuwan tsuntsaye ba kawai halittu masu amfani ba ne, har ma da ban sha'awa. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa, ciki har da biyan kuɗi. Daga cikinsu akwai ma wadanda ke samarwa kansu abinci a cikin hunturu. Kuma sukan ɓoye abinci duk shekara, koda sun ciyar da 'ya'yansu. Ta yaya zasu samo hannun jari, wanda aka watse cikin dubban wurare daban-daban, abu ne mai sauki wanda ba zai iya fahimta da hankali ba. Tsuntsaye suna samun mahalli waɗanda ke ɓoye a gindin bishiyoyi, kasancewa a kowane matsayi, har ma sun rataye kansu ƙasa. Ta yaya za a iya tantance tsuntsaye ta hanyar bayanan da ke tafe: a cikin kwana ɗaya, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cin abinci sama da kwari dubu ko sama da ɗaya da rabi na ƙwai na silkworm. A wata ma'anar, suna cin abinci mai rai kamar yadda suke awo, ko ma fiye da haka.
A zahiri, a lokacin bazara babu matsaloli tare da abinci a cikin bluebirds, tunda abincin yana da bambanci sosai kuma sun fi son abincin dabbobi, wanda kawai yalwatacce a lokacin rani. Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, abincinsu yana raguwa da alama kuma dole ne su canza don shuka abinci a cikin nau'in tsirrai daban-daban. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsaye sukan kusanci mazaunin ɗan adam. Kuma a nan yana da matukar muhimmanci a tsara ciyar da waɗannan tsuntsayen masu amfani sosai. Don yin wannan, zaku iya gina ingantattun masu ciyarwa kuma ku zuba a cikin su sunflower tsaba ko gurasar crumbs. Tits kuma suna son naman alade, amma bai kamata ku basu naman alade mai gishiri ba.
Kowane mutum, tun yana yara, yana tuna yadda ya kalli daga taga gidansa a cikin hunturu yadda jerin gwanon ya ba da gwanin iri iri sunflower. Suna kama dan itacen a baki, sai suka yi sauri suka nufi bishiya, inda suke murkushe tsintsayen da ke hannunsu kuma suna karya harsashi da gemunsu, har suka kai ga manyan bakin, zuwa ga zuciyar. Ga yara abin kallo ne na musamman. Yana da mahimmanci iyaye su koya wa 'ya'yansu su ƙaunaci dabi'a. Don yin wannan, ba buƙatun da yawa da za a yi - don sanya mai ba da abinci da kuma gano shi a wani wuri mai kama. Titmouse tabbas zai isa, kuma zai ciyar da kai a kai, musamman a lokacin hunturu.
Ko da a zamanin da, ana yiwa takenmose kamar tsuntsu wanda yake da ikon sihiri na waƙar wakarsa, tunda yana iya ɗaukar launuka 40 na sauti iri-iri. Saboda irin waɗannan sautuka iri-iri, da yawa sun gaskata cewa sautinta na annabta ne, yayin da suke sanar da ita game da bala'i mai zuwa ko farin ciki. Bugu da kari, gwargwadon ire-iren sautin wannan tsuntsu, an yi hasashen yanayi: idan titmouse ya yi taushi, sannan ana hasashen yanayin dumama rana, idan ya yi sauti iri ɗaya da tarko, sannan ga tsananin sanyi.
Kuma duk da haka an yi imanin cewa waƙar titmouse ɗin yana da daɗi, don haka yana da wata al'ada cewa an gano su a cikin '' rairayin waƙa ''.
Tsuntsaye
Da farko sai ta cire seagull a kan ball, a bango na wani marmaro, daga nan sai ta bude baki.
Wannan hoton yana kan avatar ta
Na lura cewa akwai drakes tare da kore da shuɗi kai
Ban san wani irin tsuntsu ba
Muna da farin kurciya ragin ne
Tharshe shine aikin filaye, irin wannan mamayewa ya kasance a cikin hunturu, amma an jefa yawancin berries fiye da glued.
Tsuntsayen birni
Ina son kallon tsuntsaye Koda a cikin tattabarai da jujjuyawar al'ada muna da kyau da kuma alherinmu. An tattara hotunan watannin da suka gabata. Wasu sun riga sun kasance, amma zan yi haɗarin sake sakewa.
Irin wannan mutumin mai kyan gani ne ya kwankwasa mini taga da sassafe.
Ban ma lura cewa hankaka suna da irin waɗannan dilolin ba.
Duck daga tafkin garin.
Wuraren bulbul-harsasai.
Kestrel. Yanzu tana sake ihu a waje da taga, amma yana da matukar wahalar kama ta cikin ruwan tabarau.
Ah, da kore aku.
Rearuruwan karnuka ɗari sun mutu a kan jirgi a tashar jirgin ruwa na Sakhalin
Daruruwan dabbobi a ranar Litinin da daddare sun sauka a tashar Vitus Bering, wacce ta kusanto tashar jirgin ruwa ta Kholmsk a kudancin Sakhalin. Tsuntsaye sun cika dukkan jirgin ruwan kuma sun fara mutuwa a yayin ayyukan sauke farauta da kuma sauke nauyin ayyukan, darektan Asusun Green Sakhalin Alexander Ivanov ya fadawa TASS.
Matukan jirgin sun ɗauki hoton abin da ke faruwa a kan jirgin a wayoyin wayoyi. Bidiyon sun yadu a yanar gizo. Bidiyo tana kama ɗaruruwan tsuntsaye. Membobin jirgi dole ne su tura kifayen da ƙafafunsu don motsawa kusa da bene.
"Daruruwan tsuntsaye sun mamaye jirgin. Gaskiya ne. Na je tashar jiragen ruwa, yanzu muna kokarin shiga ta, mun zana takardu," in ji majiyar. Ya ba da shawara cewa haske ya jawo hankalin kifaye. Sun hau kan masse da haske, suka zauna a kan bene, aka tarko da su, saboda ba za a iya ɗaukarsu daga ƙasa ba saboda tsarin fuka-fuki na musamman.
Duk da dimbin tsuntsayen da ke hana su motsawa a jirgin ruwan, matuƙan jirgin sun yanke shawarar fara ɗaukar kaya. Sakamakon haka, an lalata ƙasashe da yawa na tsuntsaye. "Kuna iya ajiye tsuntsayen idan an kaddamar da kowa. Na yi imani da cewa ya kamata wannan jirgin ruwan ne ya kamata su kansu da kansu kafin saukar da jirgin," in ji Ivanov.
Petrels suna zaune kusa da bakin tekun. Saboda tsarin musamman na jikin mutum da fuka-fukan, wadannan tsuntsayen suna iya nutsewa da yardar rai, suna tashi a kan teku kuma kusa da shi. Koyaya, saboda wannan dalili, yana da wahala musu tafiya ta ƙasa. Magungunan tsawa suna iya kashewa kawai a kan ruwa tare da iska ko daga tsaunuka, alal misali, daga kankara. Yawancin lokaci a watan Afrilu babu kifayen bakin teku a kusa da Sakhalin.