Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa chimpanzees a cikin daji lokaci-lokaci suna bugu tare da ruwan lemun tsami. Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa ƙaunar giya zata iya tasowa tuni daga magabatan mutum nesa.

An bayyana wannan a cikin wata kasida da masanan ilmin Portugal da na Biritaniya suka buga a mujallar Royal Society Open Science.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano chimpanzees halaye da yawa waɗanda ke sa su da alaƙa da mutane. Don haka, chimpanzees za su iya yin ado da kansu da kayan adonsu kuma su je farauta da mashi. Marubutan labarin sun nuna cewa chimpanzees da mutane ma suna haɗuwa da jarabar giya.

Shekaru 17 kenan, masana halittu suna lura da yawan chimpanzees da ke zaune kusa da garin Bossou na Guinea (Yammacin Afirka). Mazauna wannan yankin suna girbin abin da ake kira giyar dabino - ruwan raffia na dabino, wanda ya sha gurɓataccen ɗabi'ar. Don tattara wannan abin sha, magabatansu suna yanke hancin dabino kuma saita kwantena inda ruwan 'ya'yan itace ke gudana.

Tarin “ruwan inabin” ana yin sa ne da safe da maraice, duk da haka a wasu lokuta na rana chimpanzees sukan ziyarci kwantena. Masana kimiyya sun kalli yadda suke shafa ganye a bakinsu, suna mai da wani irin soso. Sannan chimpanzees na diba su a cikin kwantena kuma matsi ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin bakinsu. Yawancin lokaci mutane da yawa suna shiga cikin wannan lokaci guda, duka manya da matasa.

A cewar masana, abubuwan da ke cikin barasa na ethyl a cikin ruwan dabino ya kai 3-3.5%. Yawan wannan abin sha, wanda birrai suka sha a lokaci guda, gwargwadon abubuwan da ke cikin barasa, na iya zama wani lokaci daidai da kwalban giya na yau da kullun. Kodayake rahotanni game da ƙaunar birai game da barasa sun bayyana a baya, marubutan aikin sun fara yin amfani da giya ta yau da kullun ta hanyar magabatan daji.

Masana kimiyya lokaci-lokaci lura da yadda chimpanzees suke barci nan da nan bayan “biki” ko akasin haka, suna farin ciki. Misali, wata rana sauran mutanen chimpanzees sun gina matsuguni don daddare, abokin wankan su mai maye sun yi ta zagaye bishiyoyin da ke kewaye da awa daya.

Daga wannan, marubutan sun ƙarasa da cewa asalin magabata na biri na mutum da ɗan adam zai iya amintaccen amfani da fruitsa fruitsan itace da sauran abinci mai cike da giya mai yawa. Ka tuna, kwanan nan, masana ilimin halittar dabbobi sun gano cewa kakanninmu sun sami ikon shan giya na ethyl kimanin shekaru miliyan 10 da suka gabata.

Giwaye

Wadannan gibivores masu girma ana daukar su masu son barasa ne. Sun kamu da giya yayin da suka gwada 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka goya ta. Yanzu giwaye koda suna da al'ada wajen ninka tsire-tsire masu ɗauke da sukari a rami, suna jifa da ganyayyaki suna jiran wani irin danshi. Duk zasuyi kyau, amma giwaye masu maye suna iya yin mummunan abubuwa. Ba a saba ganin yanayin lahanta mutane da gine-ginensu ba kawai daga garken giwayen da ke maye.

Biri

Yawancin dabbobi masu kama da dabbobi sune masu son giya. Sukan ci 'ya'yan itaciya, kuma suna satar barasa daga mutane. Wannan ma 'yan farauta ne ke amfani da su. Barasa ta kasance ɗayan shahararrun bait ga masu ba da fatawa. Gaskiya ne, birai basu san yadda zasu sha komai kwata-kwata. Fitaccen ɗan adam zai iya tsayawa kawai lokacin da ya bugu gaba daya.

Mai siye

An dauki Moose mafi yawan masu sha daga gidan barewa. Lokacin da suka bugu, sun kuma haifar da haɗari. Kuma da zarar an ɗanɗana matsewar shaye-shaye ko da an makale a tsakanin bishiyoyi biyu. Sauran nau'ikan barewa kuma suna son sha. Haka kuma, akwai ingantaccen tsari: arewa wurin mazaunin barewa, galibi sun fi shan giya.

Tsuntsaye

Har ila yau, tsuntsayen ba sa damu da shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na fermented tsire-tsire. Yawancin tsuntsaye suna ƙaunar barasa, har da mujiya. Kuma tsararrakin suna dauke da masu yawan sha. Masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun gano cewa sha'awar su da 'ya'yan itace da aka shirya tana da girma fiye da yadda wasu tsuntsaye suke.

An ce “Shan giya kamar kifi” saboda dalili. Da yawa daga shaye-shaye sun shiga koguna da tabkuna, kuma bayan lokaci, kifi sun koya yin amfani da shi. Kifin da aka bushe, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana nuna halayyar sa da haɓaka. Kuma ana shan giya tsakanin mazaunan kogi. Babu shaye-shaye a cikin kifin marine.

Aladu

Daga cikin dabbobin da aka mallaki, aladu sune babban cin nasara tsakanin masoya giya. Suna son sharar da ke dauke da giya kuma a koyaushe suna shirye don amfaninsu. Lokacin da bugu, aladu suna nuna hali mai ban dariya: yi birgima a cikin laka da ƙyallen kuma ana kara da ƙarfi. Don haka alade a cikin yanayi mai kyau shine mai yiwuwa ya bugu. Plusari, barasa yana taimakawa aladu samun nauyi.

Raba ra'ayinku game da masu shan giya a cikin bayanan!

Binciken na dogon lokaci game da halayyar chimpanzee

Nazarin da aka gudanar tsawon shekaru 17 ya rubuta yadda chimpanzees ke shan ruwan anab ta hanyar amfani da ganye. Wasu sun yi haɗiye da yawa har suka nuna "halayen alamun maye ne." A wata kasida da aka buga a cikin Royal Society Open Science, kuma shaye-shayen wanda aka zaba shi ma ana sanyawa - shi ne giyar dabino da aka samo daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace raffia.

A Guinea-Bissau, inda ake gudanar da wannan binciken, wasu mazauna karkara suna girbin “giyar dabino”, suna ɗaukar rawanin bishiya tare da tattara ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin kwantena na filastik, sannan a kwashe su sau biyu a rana, a sãfe da maraice. Masana kimiyya sun sha yin shaida sau da yawa yadda chimpanzees - sau da yawa cikin rukuni - hawa dutsen dabino ya sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Chimpanzee daji na shan giyar dabino tare da soso daga ganye

Chimpanzees har ma ya koyi yadda ake yin kayan aikin - ainihin kayan aikin aiki na dabbobi. Menene aikin? A cikin samar da ruwa! Don yin wannan, sukan ɗauki ganyayyaki masu yawa, tauna su juya zuwa taro mai narkewa. Daga nan birai sai suka fasa na’urar su a cikin kwantena suka tsotse abubuwanda ke jikin daga soso.

Masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin Dr. Kimberley Hockings - Jami'ar Oxford Brooks da Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropological, Portugal - sunyi lissafin abubuwan da ke cikin giya (akwai kusan 3% barasa) kuma sun cire "shan sigarin."

Dabbobin sun nuna dukkan alamun maye: wasu sun yi barci jim kaɗan bayan sun sha giya, sai wani namiji dattijan chimpanzee ya yi rawar jiki. Ya yi ta yawo daga itaciya zuwa itaciya na awa ɗaya a maimakon ya sauka daren kamar, sauran su.

Shan chimpanzees a cikin daji (bidiyo)

A karo na farko, masana ilimin ilmin halitta sun tsara kuma suka auna karfin giya ta hanyar biri. Bugu da kari, bayyananniyar soyayyar chimpanzees ga wannan abin sha tana karawa tarihin tarihin juyin halitta game da gaba daya halittar biri (mutane da birai) zuwa giya.

Wani binciken kwanan nan da Matthew Carrigan, Santa Fe College, Amurka, ya nuna cewa magabatan mutane da birai na Afirka sun sami maye gurbi wanda ya basu damar cinye kwayar halitta ta ethanol.

Farfesa Richard Byrne na Jami'ar St. Andrews ya lura cewa asalin juyin halittar wannan tabarwar wata kila "ta bude hanyar samun sauki ga dukkan sukari mai sauki - kyakkyawar hanyar samar da makamashi wanda ba zato ba tsammani ta 'kare shi daga barasa mai cutarwa."

A cewar Dr. Katherine Hobeyter - Jami'ar St. Andrews, zai zama da ban sha'awa a yi nazarin halayen chimpanzees cikin cikakkun bayanai: alal misali, suna da gasa a cikin gwagwarmayar neman giya.

"Ko bayan shekaru 60 na nazarin [chimpanzees], koyaushe suna ba mu mamaki."
Dr. Katherine Hobater