Kangaroo (lat. Masorus) suna ne da galibi ake amfani da shi ga rukunin dabbobi waɗanda ke cikin tsarin dabbobi masu shayarwa. A dunkule, wannan kalma tana nufin duk wakilan dangin Kangaroo. Ma'anar kunkuntar ma'anar sunan ta dace ga mafi girman wakilan dangi, saboda haka ana kiran ƙaramin dabbobi - wallaby da wallara.
Bayanin Kangaroo
Kalmar "kangaroo" ta samo asali ne daga sunayen "kanguroo" ko "gangurru". Wannan shine abin da ake kira Aborigine na Australia, wanda yasan yaren Kuuku-Yimitir, ana kiransa dabba da tsarin tsarin jiki mai ban sha'awa. A halin yanzu, kangaroo wata alama ce ta Australiya wacce ba a ba da izini, wanda aka nuna a kan alama ta ƙasa.
Bayyanar
Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, tsawon jikin wakilan dangin Kangaroo na iya bambanta ta fannoni daban-daban - daga kwata zuwa mita daya da rabi, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 18-100. A halin yanzu, mafi girman dabbobi dabbobin da wannan nau'in ke wakilta ta mazaunin mazaunan ƙasashen Australiya da yawa - ja babban kangaroo, kuma babban nauyi shine halayyar kangaroo gabashin. Jawo wannan dabba mai ƙyalli tana da kauri da taushi, baƙi, launin toka da ja a launi ko kuma an gabatar da ita a cikin kewayon inuwarsu.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Saboda tsarin halittar jiki na musamman, dabbar za ta iya samun nasarar kare kanta da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da ƙafafunsa na baya, kazalika da motsi da sauri ta amfani da wutsiya mai tsayi kamar ƙara.
Kangaroo yana da ingantaccen girman jikin mutum, kuma yana da ƙananan kai. Makarfan dabbar na iya zama tsawo ko gajarta. Hakanan, kayan aikin sun hada da kunkuntar kafadu, gajeru na gaba da rauni, wadanda ba su da gashi, kuma suna da yatsu guda biyar wadanda suke da kaifi mai kaifi sosai. Ana nuna yatsun ta hanyar motsi mai kyau, saboda haka dabbobi suna amfani dasu don kama abubuwa da tsefe gashi, har ma yayin abinci mai gina jiki.
Lowerarshen jikin kangaroo yana da haɓaka sosai kuma an wakilta shi da isasshen ƙarfin kafafun kafa, dogo mai kauri, kafaɗa mai ƙarfi da ƙafafu da tsoka tare da yatsunsu huɗu. Haɗin ɗan yatsu na biyu da na uku ana aiki da membrane na musamman, yatsa na huɗu yana sanye da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi.
Rayuwa da halaye
Dabbobin daji sun fi son rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, don haka da farkon faɗuwar rana ya motsa zuwa makiyaya. Da rana, kangaroo yakan huta a inuwa a gindin bishiyoyi, cikin bukatu na musamman ko kuma ciyawar ciyawa. Lokacin da haɗari ya faru, marsupials suna watsa ƙararrawa zuwa wasu mambobi na fakitin tare da busa abubuwa na busa ƙasa. Don manufar watsa bayani, ana kuma amfani da sautuna sau da yawa, wakilcin nika, hurawa, dannawa da duburarsa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Don marsupials, haɗin kai tsaye ga wani yanki yanki ne mai halaye, don haka sun fi son kar su bar shi ba tare da dalilai na musamman ba. Banda shi ne babban kangaroos ja, wanda a sauƙaƙe yana rufe dubun kilomita don neman wuraren abinci mai fa'ida.
A cikin yankuna masu kyawawan yanayin rayuwa, gami da ingantaccen tsarin samar da abinci da kuma rashin haɗarin, marsupials sun sami damar samar da al'ummomin da suka ƙunshi kusan mutane ɗari. Bayan haka, a matsayinka na mai mulki, irin waɗannan wakilan tsarin marsupial bivalves dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa a cikin ƙaramin garken da suka ƙunshi namiji, da kuma mata da ɗamara da yawa. Gwargwadon yana kula da garken ne da matuƙar kima daga mazaunin garkuwa da sauran tsofaffi maza, sakamakon abin da yaƙin na saurin faruwa.
Yawancin kangaroos suna rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar kangaroo kai tsaye ya dogara da nau'ikan jinsin irin wannan dabba, da kuma yanayin muhalli a cikin yanayin ko ɗaurarru. Mafi dadewar nau'in halitta shine Babban Kangaroo Red (Macrorus rufus). Wadannan tabbatattun wakilai daga tsarin halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa masu shayarwa sun sami damar rayuwa a cikin karni na hudu.
Nau'in na biyu dangane da matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa shine Grey Eastern Kangaroo (Macrorus giganteus), wanda ke rayuwa a cikin bauta kusan shekaru 20, da kuma cikin daji - kimanin shekaru 8-12. Kangaroos na Western (Macrorus fuliginosus) suna da irin wannan rayuwar.
Kaman Kangaroo
Akwai nau'ikan sama da dozin guda biyar mallakar dangin kangaroo, amma kawai nau'in manya da matsakaitan matsakaitan yawa ana ɗaukarsu yanzu ne na kangaroos.
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan suna wakilta:
- Babban Kangaroo (Macrorus rufus) - mafi dadewa a cikin girman wakilcin marsupials. Matsakaicin tsarar jikin mutum yakai mita biyu, saƙar kuma bata wuce mita ɗaya ba. Gangar jikin namiji ya kai kilogram 80-85, kuma mace - 33-35 kg,
- Grey Kangaroo - mafi wahalar wakilcin dabbobi masu marsupial. Matsakaicin nauyi ya kai kilo ɗari tare da haɓakawa a cikin zangon - 170 cm,
- Mountain Kangaroo (Vallaru) - manyan dabbobi masu raunin squat tare da manyan kafafu da gajere na kafafu. A hanci babu gashi, kuma tafin hannun dabbobin mawuyacin hali ne, wanda ke sauƙaƙe motsi a cikin tsaunuka,
- Woody kangaroo - A halin yanzu, kawai wakilan dangin Kangaroo da ke zaune a kan bishiyoyi. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki na irin wannan dabba yayi kadan fiye da rabin mita. Wani nau'in nau'in halitta shine kasancewar manya-manyan kusoshin bishiyoyi da furfura mai kauri, wanda bawai kawai ya sauƙaƙa hawa dutsen bishiyoyi ba, har ma yana rufe dabba da ƙwaya.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Wakilai na kowane nau'in kangaroos suna da ji mai kyau, kuma kunnuwa masu "farashi" kamar kuliyoyi, sun sami damar iya ɗaukar saututt masu shuru. Duk da cewa irin waɗannan marsupials sun kasa komawa baya, suna da kyau masu iyo sosai.
Wallaby suna cikin ƙananan kangaroos. Matsakaicin tsararren balagaggu, a matsayin mai mulkin, baya wuce rabin mitsi, kuma ƙaramin nauyin macebyby shine kilogram ɗaya kawai. A bayyanar, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna kama da bera na yau da kullun, wanda ke da tsirara da wutsiya mai tsayi.
Habitat, mazauni
Babban mazaunin kangaroo yana wakiltar yankin Australiya da Tasmania, New Guinea da kuma tarin tsibirin Bismarck. Har ila yau, an kawo Marsupials zuwa New Zealand. Kangaroos yakan zauna kusa da gidajen mutane. Irin waɗannan marsupials ana iya samun sauƙin kan karkarar manyan biranen da ba su da yawa, da kuma kusa da gonaki.
Kamar yadda lura ya nuna, wani muhimmin sashi na nau'in halittar dabbobi ne wadanda suke zaune a yankuna masu fadi, cike da ciyawar ciyawa da tsirrai. Dukkanin bishiyar bishiyar kangaroos an daidaita ta sosai don motsawa kusa da bishiyoyi, kuma wallabies dutsen (Retrogale) suna zaune kai tsaye a yankuna masu dutse.
Abincin Kangaroo
Kangaroos shine yafi ciyar da abinci tsirrai. Babban abincin su na yau da kullun ya haɗa da tsire-tsire iri iri, ciki har da ciyawa, Clover da alfalfa, Legumes na ganye, fure na eucalyptus da Acacia, lianas da ferns. Marsupials kuma suna cin tushen tsirrai da 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa da berries. Ga wasu nau'in, tsutsotsi ko kwari sun zama ruwan dare.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa mazan kangaroo manya suna ciyar da kimanin awa ɗaya sama da na mace. Ko da yake, shi ne abincin mata wanda abinci mai cikakken furotin yake wakilta, wanda tabbatacce yana shafar halaye masu kyau na madara da aka samar don ciyar da matasa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Marsupials suna da wadatar albarkatu, sabili da haka, sun sami damar daidaitawa da kyau sosai ga yanayin mummunan yanayin da yawa, ciki har da rashin abinci na al'ada. A wannan yanayin, dabbobi na iya sauyawa zuwa wasu nau'in ciyarwa, gami da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba a amfani da su don abinci ko da ta haramtattun wakilai na wakilan fauna.
Abokan halitta
A cikin yanayi na halitta, kangaroos na manya suna ciyar da sau ɗaya a rana, da maraice, nan da nan bayan faɗuwar rana, wanda ke rage haɗarin haɗari na kwatsam tare da abokan halitta na halitta. Lalacewa ga marsupial yawanne ya haifar da karnukan dabbar daji, har da dawakai da wasu manyan tsuntsayen ganima.
Kangaroo da mutum
Kangaroos galibi suna watsa su ta hanyar alama alama ce ta Australiya mai abokantaka, amma irin waɗannan marsupials na iya haifar da lahani ga mutane. Tabbas, hadarin kai hari koda ma babban kangaroo akan mutane yayi kadan, kuma, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, karancin marasa lafiya suna rauni sakamakon karo tare da kangaroo kowace shekara.
Hare-hare suna faruwa a cikin waɗannan lambobin:
- yawan mutane, hanyar motsi ko kuma tsarin kungiyar gaba daya a karkashin tasirin dalilai na waje,
- asarar da dabba ta sa tsoron mutum ta hanyar hulɗa da mutane,
- halayyar mutum a matsayin abokin tarayya mai kawo ruwa ko wata barazana ga kai da girma,
- dabbar tana da kyau ko kuma ta ji rauni
- Namiji yakan dauki yaro daga mace
- wanda aka saba da shi kamar kangaroo wanda aka saba dashi tun farko yana da halayen halaye masu tsaurin ra'ayi.
A yayin da za a kaiwa mutum hari, kangaroo na iya yin fada da kafafunsa na gaba ko buga da kafafunsa na baya, ta amfani da wutsiya a matsayin tallafi. Raunin da dabbobi ke haddasawa na da larura kuma masu haɗari.
Kiwo da zuriya
Ikon haifuwar ya bayyana ne a cikin mutane daya da shekaru daya da rabi zuwa shekara biyu kuma zai kai kimanin shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar. Kangaroos yakan fara zama sau ɗaya a shekara, amma ainihin lokacin girki a marsupials ba ya nan. Ciki a cikin wakilan tsarin marsupial bivalves dabbobi masu shayarwa gajere ne kuma sun bambanta tsakanin kwanaki 27-40, bayan wannan, a wasu lokuta ana haihuwar kangaroos biyu.
Tsarin 'Macrous rufus' an san shi da haihuwar san uku. Newa ofan jarirai masu girma kangaroos suna da jiki har tsawon tsayi 2.5 cm .. Matan sun tsani zuriyarsu a cikin jaka tsawon watanni shida zuwa takwas.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A cikin yawancin marsupials, shigar ciki tayi jinkiri. Makaho da kankanta a girma, kangaroo, nan da nan bayan haihuwa, yayi rarrafe a cikin jakar mahaifiyar, inda cigabansa yaci gaba har tsawon kwanaki 120-400.
Wani sabon balaguro a cikin dabbobi yana faruwa kimanin kwanaki biyu bayan an haifi jaririn, kuma a cikin marsh wallaby - kwana daya kafin haihuwar jariri. A wannan yanayin, amfrayo ya zauna a cikin diapause har sai kengurenok ɗin da ya gabata ya girma gaba ɗaya ko ya mutu. Daga wannan lokacin, amfrayo mai rai yana fara aiwatar da cigaban aiki. A gaban mafi kyawun yanayi, ana haihuwar sabon ɗan haihuwa nan da nan bayan babban kangaroo a ƙarshe ya bar jakar mahaifiyar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Babban nau'in basu da mummunar haɗari na hallaka, amma yawan jama'a na irin waɗannan dabbobi masu barna suna ta raguwa a hankali, saboda ci gaban aikin gona cikin sauri, asarar wuraren zama, gami da gobara da farauta.
Wakilan Yankunan Gabas da Yammacin Grey Kangaroo da Dokar Australiya ta kiyaye su. Marsupials daji shine batun harbi, wanda aka gudana tare da manufar cire ɓoye da nama, har ma da kariya ga wuraren kiwo.
Nama irin wannan marsupials ana ɗaukarsa da amfani sosai ga jikin ɗan adam, saboda ƙanƙantar da shi mai yawa. A halin yanzu, matsayin kariyar kangaroo: yana haifar da ƙarancin haɗarin lalata.