Harafi - dabba mai zubar da jini da lalatacciyar dabba wacce ke kai hari har ma da ƙabila, haramun ne a cikin abinci, yana lalata mafi yawan ƙananan beraye, tsuntsaye, macizai, kwaɗi da kifi, ruwa a cikin ruwa don na ƙarshen, farauta da dare.

Shafin ya kai santimita 30-40 a tsayi, yana da wutsiya mai faɗi, launin launi yana da launin ja, yana launin rawaya a lokacin bazara, lebe da lebe farare.

Shafin yana zaune a cikin steppes da gandun daji, sau da yawa a cikin nau'i-nau'i, yana shirya rami a ƙarƙashin snags, duwatsu da kuma a wasu wuraren ɓoye, sau da yawa hawa zuwa cikin gine-gine da kuma kai hari kaji.

Danna hoton don buɗe shi da cikakken girma.

Shafi - mai shayarwa daga dangi na Kunyi, tsari na masar. Hoto ta Conifer, an gyara hoto (wanda aka daidaita don rukunin yanar gizon) kuma ana samun su a ƙarƙashin lasisin CC BY-SA 2.0.

Yana ciyarwa a kan ƙwayoyin dabbobi, tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu, kwaro, kwari, lokaci-lokaci suna kama kifi. Mawallafin hoton shine Dibyendu Ash, an inganta hoto (an daidaita shi da shafin) kuma yana da lasisi a ƙarƙashin CC BY-SA 4.0.

A cikin hunturu, a watan Disamba da Janairu rafukan suna da haɗari ga rashin tsari. Kwayar ta bayyana a cikin watan Fabrairu, kuma a ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu, macen ta kawo sau 2-3, da ƙwaya huɗu. Daga maƙiyan ginshiƙan an kiyaye shi ta zubar da tayin gitsowar mahaifa.

A Siberiya, ana rarraba ginshiƙai daga Tekun Pacific zuwa Tyumen; zuwa arewa ya kai 66 ° C. sh., wanda aka samo a cikin Amur da a Ussuri Territory, a Kamchatka kuma Sakhalin ba ya nan.

Kuna da tambayoyi ko kuna da abin da za ku faɗi? Bar maganarka anan!

Cunyi

• Amurkawa Badgers ( Taxidiinae )
• Badgers ( Melinae )
• Otter ( Lutrinae )
• Cunyi ( Mustelinae )
• Kyan zuma Mellivorinae )

Cunyi, ko marten (lat. Mustelidae) - dangin dabbobi masu shayarwa da oda. Suna ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan iyali masu arziki. Girman marten ga mafarautan ƙanana ne. Kunim sun hada da martens, minks, otters, badgers, ferrets da sauransu. Cunyas sun sami damar daidaitawa da kyau ga yanayi daban-daban, saboda haka ana wakilta su a duk sassan duniya.

Janar bayanin

Iyalin suna da nau'ikan sama da 50. Jinsin, wanda ya haɗu a cikin gidan Marten, sun bambanta sosai cikin tsarin jikin mutum, salon rayuwarsu da fasalin daidaitawa ga yanayin. Iyalin sun hada da karami (karami a cikin tsari) ko kuma masu matsakaitan matsakaita. Tsayin jikin mutum daga 11 (karamin farin ciki) zuwa 150 cm (otter teku), nauyi daga 25 g zuwa 45 kg. Maza sunkai kimanin 25% sun fi maza girma. Jiki yawanci sosai, tsawon lokaci, sassauƙa, maras sauƙin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ɗumbin yawa (badger, Wolverine). Yatsun takaice ne, yatsa-ko tsayawa-tafiya, biyar yatsu. Nailsusoshin ba suyi rita ba, a wasu nau'in akwai filashin fata (membranes) tsakanin yatsunsu. Rufin gabar ya an rufe shi da gashi, ko ba shi da matashin kai, ko tsirara gaba daya. A bakin teku, an canza wata gabar jiki sosai: kafafun hular sun zama jujjuyawa, yatsun gaba suna gajeru kuma suna hade.

Shugaban yana yawanci karami ne, akan gajere amma kuma yana daɗaɗa wuya Idanun suna da matsakaici ko babba. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, da wuya manyan, da zagaye kololuwa. A cikin nau'in ruwa mai ruwa, ana rage raguwar auricles sosai. Jawo yawanci lokacin farin ciki ne, mai farin gashi, mai laushi. Launin Jawo ya bambanta: bayyananniyar, sautin biyu, rami, alamu. Yawan lullube da girman gashi ya sha bamban sosai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma rashin launi a lokacin hunturu ya zama dusar ƙanƙara. Kwanyar tana karami, tare da gajeriyar sashin fuska da kwakwalwa mai kumburi. Manyan nau'ikan sun bunkasa dogayen tsayi a kwanyar. Gyaran idanu yawanci manyan ne. Yawan hakora sun bambanta sosai a cikin daban daban, musamman saboda ankles da molars. Sai kawai a cikin otter teku, ragi na hakora zuwa 32 ya faru saboda raguwar ƙananan ƙananan incisors. Fann hakora da hakoran tsinkaye suna haɓaka sosai. Juyin abin tauna motsi na iya samun firam mai kaifi ko kamshi. Jimlar yawan hakora shine 28-38.

Rayuwa

Daga cikin wakilan dangi akwai nau'ikan ƙasa, itacen katako, rabin ruwa da kusan siffofin ruwa. Yawan mazaunan wurare dabam-dabam, haɗuwa daga tundra zuwa hamada, daga ƙwanƙolin tsaunuka zuwa makiyaya. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna jagorantar tsarin rayuwa mai yankan ƙasa, wani lokacin iyayensu suna kiyaye su kuma da wuya su kafa ƙananan smallungiyoyi. Misali, a wani bangare na adadin su, badgers suna zaune ne a cikin gungun maza da mata da yawa ba, yayin da a cikin sauran al --ummomin - a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma a gaba ɗaya.

Ta yanayin abincinsu, yawancin nau'ikan karnuka ne, amma kuma suna cin abincin tsirrai. Wasu sukan zama masu iko duka. Suna cinye akasari akan kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, masu alaƙa da abinci akan kifi, crustaceans da invertebrates na ruwa. Tsarin jinsin Genus Mustela kuma Wolverines suna haɓaka abinci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, marten rayuwa mai tsaka tsaki. Yawanci, sun haƙa burrows. Aiki yafi aiki da daddare, jashi a yamma. Daga cikin hankalin, ana iya bunkasa ji sosai, wasu kuma suna da wari.

Yawancin nau'ikan suna da yawa daga cikin mata. Farfado a wani yanayi, yawanci zai kasance tsawon watanni 3-4. Yawancin canines suna halin jinkiri a cikin tayi, har zuwa watanni 10 (badger). Iyawar da kanta tayi daga kwanaki 30 zuwa 65. A shekara, mata suna ba da zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, a ciki akwai ciyawa 1-14. Cubs an haife shi makaho kuma tsirara, uwaye suna kula da su har tsawon watanni 2. Balagagge a cikin kananan dabbobi yana faruwa tsakanin watanni 8 zuwa 2. Tsammani rayuwa a yanayi daga shekaru 5 zuwa 20 ne.

Tasirin Ka'ida

Cunyas yana da tasirin gaske akan yawan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, musamman ma dabbobin, da tsuntsaye. Wasu nau'in (alal misali, mayukan teku) suna daga cikin manyan masu hasashen yanayin halittun su. Miyagun Honeyan zuma suna cikin dangantaka ta lokaci guda tare da mutane kuma tare da tsuntsayen da ke nuna zuma (Mai nuna alama), tare da taimakon abin da suke nemo ƙudan zuma.

A yayinsu, marten ya zama wadanda ke fama da manyan dabbobi, yawanci karnuka ne, da kuma manyan macizai, da tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin rana da mujiya. Wasu nau'ikan suna amfani da asirin farfajiya na tsotsan gland don tsoratar da makiya, kazalika da gargaɗin (ba da fata).

Iyalin Kunih: wakilai

Mun fara bayanin dabbobi tare da mai irin wannan dabi'ar kamar weasel. Tana da jiki madaidaiciya, mai bakin ciki, mai sassauƙa. Tsawan matsakaicinsa shine santimita ashirin. Tana zaune kusan daukacin yankin tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet. Weight shine matsakaici na gram 70.

An samo shi a inda ɓoyayyun dabbobi, wato, a filayen tsakanin tsirrai da ciyawa. A lokacin bazara da hunturu, zaku iya ganin mai juna biyu ko kuma kwanan da aka nuna soyayya tare da jarirai. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya, matsakaita na 6 cubs.

Ermine

Ermin daidai yake da bayyanar ƙauna, tsawon jikin yana kan 30 cm.

Wannan dabbar tana da ƙaddara, tana ciyarwa da ƙwanƙolin dabbar Wani lokaci yakan ɓarke ​​gidaje. A cikin lokutan jin yunwa, na iya cin kwaro, idan ba su a wurin, to, datti da juniper berries. Propagated sau ɗaya a shekara, tsawon lokacin ciki shine watanni 9.5. Matsakaicin ƙwaƙwalwa biyar a kowace zuriyar dabbobi.

Wannan wakilin yana aiki ne a lokuta daban-daban na rana.

Solongoy

Yana da kama da wani ermal wani dabba daga cikin Marten iyali. Ana kiran wannan dabbar da solonga. Ya ɗan ƙaramin girma, sanye da falmaran fenti. Tsawon jikin yana kusan cm 30. Yana ciyar da voles da wasu ƙananan dabbobi, har ma da muskrats. Kari akan haka, an hada gwanaye da tsuntsaye a cikin abincin. A cikin hunturu, mating yana faruwa, tsawon lokacin haila wata ne. Akwai kimanin cubes uku zuwa hudu a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.

Mink

Idan akai la'akari da dangin Marten, mutum ba zai iya taimakawa ba amma tuna game da mink na Amurka da Turai. Wadannan dabbobin suna nutsuwa kuma suna iyo da kyau. A waje, mink ɗin yayi kama da shafi.

Turai ta ƙasa da Amurka. Tsawon jikinta shine cm 40. Mass bai wuce kilo daya da rabi ba. Menene kuma ya bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan mink biyu? Tsarin hakora da kwanyar.

Mink zaune kusa da gawawwakin ruwa tare da gabar da aka wanke, ciyar a kan ƙananan ƙananan jijiyoyi, maskrats, frogs, da sauransu.

Mate a cikin bazara, har yanzu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Lokacin haila yana daukar tsawon kwana hamsin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai kananan cubs tara a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, kodayake akwai ƙari.

Ferrets

Ferrets suna da kusanci ga halaye. An san su da nau'ikan nau'ikan uku: steppe, baƙar fata da baƙi. Na farko shine mafi girma, tsayin jiki har zuwa 56 cm, nauyi har zuwa kilo biyu. Dan kadan karare baki. Tsawon jikinsu shine 48 cm, kuma taro bai wuce 1.5 kilogiram ba

Tushen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin dukkanin nau'ikan ukun sune rodents. Bakaken fata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna bada fifiko ga beraye da voles, da kuma mataki - don hamster da gophers. Karnukan makiyaya sune abubuwan baƙar fata da suke so.

Wadannan membobin cikin dangi (musamman ma dangi) suna zaune kusa da tabkuna da koguna.

Martens

Yanzu za muyi magana game da dutse da bishiyoyi. Waɗannan dabbobin sun fi yawa kamar ferrets. Tsawon jikin Marten dutse yana kan 45 cm, kuma taro bai wuce kilogiram 2.5 ba. Yankin daji kadan ne. Tsawon jikinta matsakaici ne na 44 cm, kuma nauyinta yana daga graba 750 zuwa 1500. Jikin Marten yana da ƙarfi, siriri, kunnuwa suna da girma, an gina su. Bambance-bambance tsakanin wadannan nau'ikan halittar hakora da kwanyar. Morearin kallo mafi kudancin shine marten dutse.

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, gandun daji yana zaune a cikin gandun daji cike da duhu mai duhu da kuma gauraye. Wani lokacin dutsen yana zama a cikin irin wannan yankin, amma mafi yawan lokuta ana iya ganin shi a kan dutse mai rashin itace. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna aiki da dare, kodayake zaku iya haɗuwa da su da rana.

A Pine marten ci rodents, wani lokacin hares. Dutse yana ciyar da hanya guda, amma abincin da aka shuka shine ya cika raunin zaki a cikin abincin da yake ci. Gon yana faruwa a lokacin Yuni-Agusta. An haifi matsakaita na yara biyar a cikin zuriyar dabbobi

Sable

Sable sanannen dabba ne mai sanyin jiki mai farashi mai wutsiya. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum shine 44 cm. Jaɗinsa na sable mai kauri, launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa. Yana ciyar da dabbobi da abinci. A lokacin rani har yanzu suna cinye kwari. Sable cubs an haife su a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Matsakaici, ana haihuwar biyar.

Harza

Wannan dabbar tana da girma sosai, tana da tsarin jiki na musamman, launin yana da haske. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai santimita tamanin, kuma babban taro yakai kilo biyar da rabi. Dabba na zaune a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da filaye. Harza yana ciyar da ƙwayoyin dabbobi, kifi, berries da kwayoyi. Wani lokacin takamaiman shafi da sable.

Shafin bayanin

Wannan karamin dabba a tsawonsa ya kai santimita 48-66 tare da wutsiyarsa, kuma yana da kimanin gram 800. Jiki yana daure. Shugaban yana karami ne, kafafu sun gajarta, membranes dinsu na bunkasa sosai a tsakaninsu.

An nuna maƙarƙashiya, wuyan sassauƙa, kuma kunnuwa suna da kaifi. Wutsiyar tana da kyau, tana da kyau, tsawonta kusan rabin tsawon jikin mutum ne - kimanin santimita 18-21. Guran ductal suna a gindin wutsiya, daga inda aka fito da wani sirri tare da wari mara kyau.

Launin Jawo mai launin ja. A cikin hunturu, yana da kauri sosai da taushi, musamman akan wutsiya. A kan fuska akwai filin launin ruwan kasa da ake kira mask. Za a fito da lebe ta hannun farin yadi. A lokacin rani “attire” na ginshiƙai yana da alaƙa da fari, Jawo ba haushi, yana kusa da jiki. Kafa biyu paws-fari. Shedding yana faruwa a watan Maris-Mayu.

Gumakan (Mustela sibirica).

Siffofi da mazauninsu

Kakakin Majalisa - Dabba har zuwa 50 cm tsayi, wanda wutsiya kusan kashi uku. Dabbar tana da nauyin 700-800 g .. Jikin yana da tsawo, yana nuna shi ta musamman sassauƙa da motsi. Legsaƙaƙƙun kafafu tare da membranes na talaucin ci gaba, idanu masu bayyana akan ƙyalli, ƙananan kunnuwa zagaye.

Jawo kyakkyawa shine girman kai na musamman na mazaunin taiga. Mai launi mai launi a cikin hunturu, tare da launin ja, yana juya launin rawaya lokacin da bazara ta zo. Jawo a kan wutsiya ya fi dacewa da launi fiye da baya ko ciki.

Murfin an yi masa kwalliya da fararen halayya a hanci da baki mai rufe fuska. Launi na azurfa na ƙafafu a ƙafafun dabbar da furcin haske na ƙyallen ya ba da kyakkyawar fata ajikin Jawo.

Yawancin gashi ya bambanta lokaci-lokaci: ƙayatarwa da girma suna kama da lokacin sanyi, kuma a lokacin rani, Jawo yafi wuya da gajarta fiye da hunturu. Shafin yana zaune ne a cikin yankunan da ke gabas mai nisa, gandun daji na Ural, wuraren wurare na Siberiya, Primorye, Yakutia. Ba kasafai ba a cikin yankin Turai na ƙasarmu. Sun san shafi a China, Japan, a kan Tsibirin Koriya.

Haɓaka yankuna daban-daban ya dogara da kasancewar gandun daji ko ɗumbin daji tare da yalwar ƙwayoyin dabbobi, da tafkuna sun cika cikin ciyawa, tare da kasancewar iska mai ban tsoro da katako. Dabbar tana nisanta sarari, kuma tana son taiga a kan tsaunin tuddai ko kuma koguna. An samo shi a tsaunuka har zuwa 1600 m sama da matakin teku.

Akwai ginshikai a wuraren da mutane ke zama, inda kaji ke jan hankalin sa da kasancewar beraye da beraye. Tattaunawa tare da shafi a cikin ƙauyuka, a kan gefen biranen ko a filayen yanayi ne mai yawan faruwa wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙaura daga yunƙurin yunwar da wasu asarar hankali.

A dabi'a, dabba tana da abokan gaba da yawa. Babban shine mai iya magana, yana tara mai fafutukar neman abinci daga yankuna da suka ci gaba. Atorswararrun masu ba da fataucin ganima a kan shafi: shaho, mujiya, gaggafa, mujiya. Dole ne mu ɓuya daga harin mahaifa, dawakai, Wolves, ferrets.

Kabilan Habitat

Yankunan rarraba waɗannan dabbobin sun hada da, a matsayin mai mulkin, dazuzzuka daji na Asiya, yanki na kudu da Siberiya da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin su a Yakutia ya karu tare da gabar Okhotsk. Colirƙirar baƙin ƙarfe a cikin Urals suna da yawa musamman.

Waɗannan ƙananan mafarautan suna zaune ne a cikin hanyoyin yanar gizo na gandun daji, kuma suna guje wa sarari.

Masu iya magana suna zaune a cikin kwaruruka na ƙananan koguna, tare da bankunan waɗanda ke daɗaɗɗun daji ke tsiro, tare da fashewar iska da faɗuwa. Aka samo shi a tsakanin matattarar masu dutse cike da kwari tare da shishiyoyi. A cikin tsaunuka sun haɗu da tsayin mita 1400-1700. Mafi sauƙaƙe, ginshiƙai suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na itacen rake, magudanan ruwa da kuma a gefen kwari na fadama. Hakanan, ana samun su sau da yawa a gefen gefuna, a ƙauyuka har ma da ƙananan birane.

Yada yadawa

Lokaci na aikin don labulen yana faruwa ne daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, dabbobin sun zama masu matukar karfi da kuma marasa hutawa. Sukan farauta kadan, maza koyaushe ke biye da mace.

Wutsiyar ɓangaren yayi ƙasa a cikin hunturu, kusan kamar marten, tsayinsa ya fi rabin jikin mutum.

Matar tana jagorantar rayuwa mai ɓoye tare da babiesa babiesanta. Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar sama da wata ɗaya. Yawan haihuwa na ginshikai ya yi kyau. Kowane wata, mace na haihuwar kimanin cubaya 6-10. Idan jarirai daga cikin ɗan fari sun mutu, mace tana iya sake yin aure kuma ta haihu a wannan shekarar. Masu magana da yara sababbin makafi ne kuma tsirara, yawan su bai wuce gram 7 ba.

Masu iya magana sune uwaye masu kulawa waɗanda ke kiyaye zuriyarsu.

Matasa suna samun siffofi masu launuka a farkon wata na rayuwa: gashin su launin toka a hankali ya canza zuwa launin shuɗi, da kuma "masar" halayyar ya bayyana akan kuncin. Uwa ta daina ciyar da madara cuban a ƙarshen wata na biyu, a farkon kaka sun riga sun kai girman manya. A wannan lokacin, sun fara jagorancin salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici.

A wata na fari na rayuwa, matasa sun canza launi da gashin mayafi daga launin toka-toka-launin ruwan kasa, sai kuma wani abin rufe fuska da ake nunawa.

Yawan ginshiƙai

A cikin taiga, waɗannan ƙananan kaddara masu adalci ne gama gari. Wani lokacin masu iya magana suna cutar da masana'antar kiwon kaji, idan suka isa farfajiyar, suna iya cin kaji da kaji da yawa. Amma ginshiƙan, kamar dukkan ƙananan ƙananan dabbobin, suna da amfani don suna lalata ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni a cikin lambuna da ƙauyuka.

Jawo daga cikin ginshikan ana girmama shi sosai; ana amfani dashi da sihirin halittarsa ​​ko kuma kwaikwayon wasu samfuran fur da suka fi tsada.

A cikin 30s, an yi ƙoƙari don kula da ginshiƙai akan gonaki. Za'a iya kiyaye ginshiƙai a cikin bauta saboda ba gudu bane daji. Amma su, kamar sauran ɓarnatattun abubuwa, an maye gurbinsu da mink na Amurka, wanda aka fi yaba da furcinsa. Ana magana da masu magana da sauri har ma a ba da su a hannun.

Teungiyar Mustela sibirica coreana tana zaune a Koriya. An bambanta waɗannan dabbobin ta hanyar kwanyar da ta fi girma da launi mai haske na Jawo hunturu.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Daraja ga mutum

Kusan dukkanin coons suna da darajar kasuwanci, suna ba da fur mai mahimmanci (musamman martens, otters, sables, otters sea, American mink). Suna aiki a matsayin abubuwan farauta, wasu nau'ikan ana bred a cikin gonakin fur ko a cikin yanayi. Ferrets (Mustela putorius) an mallaki su.Yawancin nau'ikan suna da amfani kamar yadda masu fashewa da ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu cutarwa da kwari, nau'ikan dabbobi iri daban-daban na iya lalata kaji, noman kifi (otter), farauta, har ma da cututtuka. Don haka, badakare shine tafiyayyar halitta ta tarin fuka, wacce ake watsawa dabbobi tare da ayyukanta. A wasu wuraren kusan kashi 20 cikin ɗari na adadi suna kamuwa da cuta. Kunyi ma wahala da rabies.

Sakamakon matsanancin zalunci a kan mutum, a wurare da yawa, marten ya rage adadinsu ko kuma gaba ɗaya ya shuɗe. Kimanin kashi 38% na nau'in dangin an jera su a cikin Littafin Duniya na Kasa (a kan matsakaici, wannan alamar dabbobi masu shayarwa 15%). Yankunan da ke cikin haɗari sun haɗa da: Coasbian weasel (Latin Mustela felipei), European mink (Latin Mustela lutreola), shafi Javanese (Latin Mustela lutreolina), Otter teku (Latin Lat. Lontra felina), Otter teku (Lat. Enhydra lutris) da kuma babban otter (lat. Pteronura brasiliensis). Tekun Mink ya mutu tun a cikin lokacin tarihi. Consideredarfin ƙafafun baƙar fata ana ɗaukarsa wani jinsi ne gabaɗaya a cikin daji, kodayake an yi yunƙurin sake haɗa shi.

Rarrabawa

Ta yawan nau'ikan halittu da haɓaka, dangin marten shine mafi girma a cikin tsari na masu farauta. Yana da nau'ikan halittu masu rai 56-60 a cikin ƙananan yankuna 8. Har yanzu ba a samar da tsarin haraji a iyali ba. Har zuwa 'yan kwanannan, ana iya danganta su da skunks, a yanzu an ware su a matsayin wani nau'in skunk daban (lat. Mephitidae). Matsayin wasu taxa (alal misali, Wolverines) shima rigima ce, yayin da nazarin kwayar halittar kananan panda, wanda aka sanya shi azaman raccoon, ya nuna kusancin sa ga fasiqai masu rauni (Latin Mydaus).

Halin hali da shafi na rayuwa

Masu iya magana basu da labari. Aiki yana faruwa yayin faɗuwar rana da faɗuwar rana. Binciken abinci bai iyakance ga wasu yankuna ba, dabba zata iya zuwa kilomita 10 ko fiye, idan farauta yana buƙatar motsawa don neman ganima.

A cikin dare zaka iya ganin shafi mai haske mai cike da launin shuɗi yana neman rodents tsakanin Tushen bishiyoyi a cikin ramuka da aka watsar. Mazauna kogin kuma suna zama ganima ga dabbar da ke iya iyo. Sau da yawa, berayen ruwa, muskrats ko kifayen kogi suna faɗawa cikin mayukan sandunan.

A cikin hunturu, mafarauci ya nuna rashin lalacewa da kuma ikon yin hanyarsa a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara a kan nesa mai nisa har zuwa 50. Capercaillie da amintar da aka ɓoye da dare zasu iya jin warin da sauri kuma suka mamaye tsuntsayen.

Uragearfin gwiwa, son sani, ikon hanzarta hawa zuwa kowane shinge da rami, motsa tare da babban dutse da wuraren da suka haɗu, hawa bishiyoyi da firam ana rarrabe su ta hanyar maharbi mai hankali.

Dabbobin ba sa yin alamar rukuninsu. Suna zaune a cikin gidajen da aka mamaye da gilasai, rakuman filaye, wuraren rami da aka watsar ko kuma ƙarƙashin rassan bishiyoyin da suka fadi da kuma cikin tarin bishiyoyin da suka fadi. Baya ga tsari na dindindin, dabbar tana da wurare na wucin gadi da yawa, inda ta ɓoye kamar yadda ya cancanta.

A lokacin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi, yana iya kwantawa kuma baya fita kwanaki da yawa daga mafaka mai ɗumi. Sannan ana jinkirtar da farauta zuwa rana saboda tsananin sanyi dare. Gumakan suna motsawa cikin tsalle-tsalle da kan iyaka. Columnarar muryar tana kama da sautikan da ake yi ta ferret: chirping ko wani nau'in tweet. A cikin fushi suka fitar da wata tsoratar da kuka da kuwwa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Tushen abincin abincin ginshiƙan sun haɗa da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa: jerboas, mice, chipmunks, pikas, squirrels, wani lokacin hares. Kodayake abincin dabbobi ya fi yawa, a cikin ruwa, suna motsawa da yawa kilomita daga bakin tekun, suna kama kifi kuma suna farautar muskrats, suna ciyar da kwaro, kwari da larvae, suna ɗaukar kaya kuma abin da ya faɗi daga hakar manyan masu farautar.

A cikin hunturu, ana farauta tsuntsu a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, yana bacci a cikin ramuka na dusar ƙanƙara - ɓangaren hutu da tsintsiya, baƙar fata. Babban abin ban tsoro da dabbar dabba mai daci yana neman ganima, cin nasara da kazarar dusar ƙanƙara.

A lokacin girbi, kwayoyi da berries kuma suna jin daɗin su. Yunwar ta sa mu kusanci wurin zaman mutum da lalata ɗakunan ajiya da gidajen ajiya. Hare-hare a kan kaji ya zama ruwan dare. Ba kamar ɓarna ba, bai tsare ganima ba, amma da sauri yana kai hari.

Abin lura ne cewa dabbar tana cin naman abin da take ci, wani lokacin ma tana wuce ta girma. Babban mai gasa abinci ga rukunin abu ne mai iya faruwa, saboda haka suna 'yantar da yankin idan mai mamaya ya bayyana, ya mallaki sabbin wurare.

Neman abinci ana yin sa ne da dare. Idan mai yiwuwa ne a kama wanda aka yi wa laƙabi, shafin yana jan shi zuwa wurin ɓoye ko zuwa wurin shimfidar sa, amma bai ci shi a wurin farauta ba. An bayyana kwatancen ɗabi'ar dabbobi a tsakanin dabbobi, lokacin da dabba guda ɗaya ta faɗa cikin tarko, yayin da wani ya yi amfani da lamarin.

Sake bugun shafi da kuma tsawon rayuwa

Ba a magana, masu ragin mutane sun faɗi daga Maris zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu. Maza suna yin faɗa domin mace, suna faɗa da faɗa mai tsanani.

Kiwo har tsawon kwana 30 zuwa 30, a cikin tsintsiya daya akwai yakai 4 zuwa 10. Matar tana shirya don bayyanarsu ta hanyar shirya gida ko kogo daga ulu, ganye, ciyawa bushe.

Masu iya magana sune uwaye masu kulawa wadanda ke kula da jariran. Da farko suna buƙatar ba madara madara kawai ba, har ma da dumama, tunda an haife tsirara. Cold zai iya lalata brood.

Mace ba sau da yawa barin gida, don farauta. Filin gida mai sifa ya rufe da mosses ko ciyawa bushe. A tsakanin wata guda, zuriya ta haɓaka da ƙarfi: idanu buɗe, gashi yana bayyana, masar halayyar halayya ta bayyana akan ƙyalli. Ciyar da abincin dabbobi ya fara: ƙananan ƙwayoyi, kwari.

Maza ba su damu da cubs ba. Da kaka, jarirai kan sami 'yanci a ƙarƙashin kulawar mace kuma su zama marasa aure, barin gida. Shekarun rayuwa na shafi a karkashin yanayi bai wuce shekaru 2-4 ba. A cikin bauta, ajalin yana ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru 8-9.

Abin sha'awa masu iya magana tamed, suna shirye saya dabba kuma mallaki shi. Yana iya zama mai sauƙi. A kan gonakin an yi ƙoƙarin haifar da ginshiƙai don samun ƙirar fatywa, mai mahimmanci a tsakanin sauran. Amma a cikin bukatun kasuwanci mink ya ci nasara, farashin abin da yake mafi girma.

Bayanin da fasali

Gumakan manya suna girma zuwa 50 cm a tsayi, wanda 1/3 shine wutsiya. Yawan jikin dabbar da wuya saurinsa ya wuce 800 g. Dabbobin matsakaici suna da gajerun hancinsa, da makyarkyatsu, manyan idanu masu bayyana, da kunnuwa masu siffa. Shafin yana da jiki mai tsawo, mai sassauƙa da motsi. Babban abin alfahari na dabba shine furcinsa mai kyau, wanda ke canza launi dangane da lokacin shekara. Don haka, a cikin hunturu, asarar gashin dabbobi masu shaye-shaye tana da faffadar launin ja. Ta fuskar fuska, ana fitar da filayen fararen launi da kuma wani abin baƙon fata na musamman a idanun idanun.

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Itatsi ulu shima ya bambanta da lokacin. A cikin hunturu, Jawo yana busasshe da kauri, a lokacin bazara - ya fi guntu da rarer.

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Tsarin yana son wuraren zama. Dabbobin suna jan hankalin shi musamman da kasancewar beraye, kaji da mice. A cikin daji, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son zama kusa da gandun daji mai ban sha'awa ko inda za a iya samo ƙwayoyi masu yawa. Wuraren bude wurare ba su da kyau ga stesi, suna son dutsen taiga da ke gefen kogi ko kuma gefen dutsen.

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Halin dabbobi

Umnsungiyoyi dabbobi ne masu zaman kansu. Suna zuwa farauta da yamma kuma ba'a iyakance ga wasu yankuna ba. Dabbobi masu shayarwa za su iya tafiya sama da kilomita 10 a lokaci guda. A dare, idanun dabba suna haske da ɗan launi kaɗan. Masu iya magana suna da kyau mafarauta kuma suna samun nasarar cin ganima koda a lokacin hunturu. Suna iya yin hanyarsu ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara har zuwa zurfin 50 cm.

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Gumaka ba sa yin ramuka nasu. Sun mamaye wuraren da aka bari, ko kuma suna cikin tarin katako, a ƙarƙashin rassan bishiyoyi. Dabbobin suna da mafaka da yawa a cikinsu waɗanda suke hutawa, gwargwadon muradinsu da matsayinsu. Masu iya magana ba sa sa hannun riga, saboda suna fama da matsanancin sanyi a cikin matsuguni masu ɗumi, daga inda wataƙila ba za su fita kwanaki ba. Don isa wurin da ya dace, dabba za ta yi tsalle mai sauri.

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Idan dabbobi sun fusata, sai suyi tsalle, tare da wasar su. "Muryar" dabbar tana kama da nishi ko tweeting.

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