Takaha, ko sultanka mai ban sha'awa (Porphyrio hochstetteri) - tsuntsu wanda bashi da izinin shiga, yana da haɗari ga New Zealand.
Takache shine mafi girman mazaunin dangin Rallidae (saniya). Wannan tsuntsu mai tashi marar misaltuwa, game da girman kaji, yana da jiki mai nauyin kusan cm cm 63, tare da ƙafafunsa masu ƙarfi ja, babban katako mai haske mai launin shuɗi da jan launi mai launin shuɗi-mai shuɗi. Matan wannan tsuntsun sun kai kimanin kilogram 2.3, maza daga kilogram 2.4 zuwa 2.7. Takaha tana da ƙananan fuka-fukai waɗanda ba a amfani da su don jirgi ba, amma suna ta birgima a lokacin bazara.
Tabar ciyawa sune asalin garin takah, amma tunda mutane suka maida su gona, takah an tilasta musu su koma makiyaya, don haka suna zaune ne a cikin makiyaya mai sanyi kafin lokacin dusar kankara, kuma da yanayin sanyi ya fara sauka zuwa cikin dazuzzukan daji da bishiyoyin subalpine.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da ciyawa, dasa tsiro da kwari, amma tushen abincinsu shine ganyen Chionochloa da sauran nau'in ciyawa da kwari. Ana iya samun su sau da yawa suna cinye mai tushe na Dantonia rawaya, kuma suna riƙe da ciyawa tare da dunƙule ɗaya, tsuntsu ya ci sashi kawai mai laushi, sauran ana jefa su.
Takaha suna da aure, i.e. ƙirƙiri ma'aurata don rayuwa. Don yin zuriyar zuriya, a cikin Oktoba, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fara narkewa, suna gina manyan nests daga ciyawa da rassan da suka yi kama da kwano a siffar. Clutch na iya ƙunsar ƙwai ɗaya zuwa uku, wanda bayan kwanaki 30 kajin ke bayyana. Iyaye suna ƙyamar ƙwai, sannan a raba wa ɗayan nauyin ciyar da matasa. Halin halayyar cewa kaji guda ne a cikin kama yana tsira lokacin hunturu na farko. Amma dawwamammen jinsin ana taimakonsa da cewa takaha ana ganinsu tsuntsaye ne da suka daɗe, tunda matsakaicin rayuwar yana daga shekaru 14 zuwa 20.
Labarin gano takache yana da ban sha'awa: masana kimiyya da suka yi nazarin yanayin New Zealand sun sha jin labarai sau da yawa daga mazauna karkara game da wata mu'ujiza mai ban tsoro - tsuntsu mai haske, amma tunda babu ɗayansu da ya yi saurin ganin takahe, sun yanke shawarar cewa waɗannan labarun labarun almara ne kawai daga almara na gida.
Koyaya, a cikin 1847, Walter Mantell har yanzu ya sami damar samun ƙasusuwan babban tsuntsu da ba a san shi ba a ɗayan ƙauyukan. Bayan wannan gano, an sami ƙarin ƙoƙarin da ake nema na takaha, kuma wasun su ma sun ci nasara: masu binciken har ma sun yi nasarar kama tsuntsu mai rai. Amma, tunda aka kama samfurin rayuwar ƙarshe na ƙarshe a shekarar 1898, kuma daga baya aka ɓoye halayen tsuntsu, an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen dabbobi masu ƙonewa.
A cikin 1948 kawai, balaguron na Geoffrey Orbella ya yi sa'ar gano karamin mulkin mallaka a kusa da Tekun Te Anau. Yarda da cewa bayan irin wannan "tashin daga matattu" wannan tsuntsu ana iya kiransa da tsuntsayen New Zealand - Phoenix.
A halin yanzu, takake yana cikin jerin masu haɗari, saboda yana da ƙarami kaɗan, koyaushe yana ƙaruwa da yawan jama'a. Kusan kusan halakar wadannan tsuntsayen ya faru ne saboda dalilai da yawa: farauta mai wuce gona da iri, asara mazauninsu da masu farautar. Bayan sake buɗewa, gwamnatin New Zealand ta kirkiro wani yanki na musamman a farfajiyar Fiordland National Park don kiyaye takahe, kuma an ƙirƙiri cibiyoyin kiwo da waɗannan tsuntsayen marasa galihu. A shekarar 1982, mutanen takahe sun kai mutum 118 kacal, amma saboda kokarin kiyaye lafiyar, yawansu ya kai 242.
Don cikakken ko kuma yin bugu na kayan, ana buƙatar ingantacciyar hanyar haɗi zuwa rukunin UkhtaZoo.
Ina yake zama
Mafi yawan jama’ar masu takache da ke zaune a cikin daji suna rayuwa ne a karamin fage a New Zealand, a gefen gabar tafkin Kogin Te Anau, kudu maso yammacin tsibirin. An samo wakilan ƙarshe na nau'ikan a nan. A yayin shirye-shiryen kiwo, an sami karin maki biyar a cikin bauta, inda tsuntsayen suka fara kiwo cikin nasara. Waɗannan yawancin tsibiran ne inda mutane ba su kawo mafarauta ba. Loversan karamin rukuni na takahe a tsibirin Mana galibi masoya yanayi ne da masu yawon bude ido ke ziyartar su da kansu don ganin waɗannan tsuntsayen ban mamaki. Hakanan ana iya ganin su a kusa da Wellington. Takaha an samo shi ne a cikin dazuzzukan beech na bakin ciki a tsaunukan tsibirin, wani lokacin ma tsauni suke kan tsaunuka, kan iyaka da dusar kankara. Wurin da suka fi so shine babban reshe, wanda suke yin wayo a hankali da taimakon manyan paan uwansu. Pretty da tabbaci tafiya cikin ruwa mara zurfi, wani lokacin ma iyo iyo.
Alamun waje
Takache shine mafi girman memba na dangin cowgirl. A cikin tsayi, tsuntsaye sun kai cm cm, kuma matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogram 2.7, kodayake a wasu mutane zai iya wuce kilogiram 4.5. Sakamakon girman, takaha ya ce ban kwana da karfin tashi. Fukafukanta suna da tsayi kamar al'ada, amma keel da tsokoki na haɓaka, saboda haka tsuntsayen suke rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a ƙasa. Umaukar takake yana da kyau kyakkyawa - shuɗi mai duhu mai launin shuɗi. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, ja, kamar baki. Siffar baki tana kama da ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle: ƙarshen ya zame, suna bin juna.
Rayuwa
Takaha yana zaɓar abinci sosai. Abinda aka fi so shine ciyawa, wanda ke girma a iyakar murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Takache yana cin sashin da yafi dacewa, kuma zai jefar da sauran. Lokacin da babu ciyawa da aka fi so, tana sauyawa zuwa kananan harbe da kwari. Lokacin da aka tsare shi a zaman talala, an lura da abu mai ban mamaki: tsuntsayen suna cin abincin da ba na al'ada ba - naman sauran dabbobi.
Takache shine dabba mara kunya, kawai a lokuta masu haɗari ya fashe da ƙarfi. A lokacin ma'aurata, mazan suna yin saƙo mai ban mamaki “tafawa”, wanda mata suka amsa furucin ta-ka-heh, wanda tabbas sunansu sunansu.
Abincin Takache da akafi so - Grass Soft
Gidaje an gina su da yawa sosai, daga bushe ciyayi, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna can ƙarƙashin bushes kuma suna da ƙofar a cikin hanyar rami. Mace na sa ƙwai biyu, lokaci-lokaci uku. Makonni biyu na farko, kajin da ke fitowa suna cin kwari kawai. Irin wannan abincin yana da wadata a cikin abubuwan da suke bukata don haɓaka aiki. Bayan haka, sun canza zuwa abincin kayan lambu. Duk iyayen sun kawo abinci ga kajin dake girma.
A mafi yawancin halayen, kaji guda ɗaya ne kawai ke tsira, kuma mai yin jima'i mai shekaru uku bai kai 40% na zuriyar ba. Wannan fasalin fasahar takache ce ke yanke hukunci cewa koda a cikin yanayi mai kyau yawan tsuntsaye suke girma a hankali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Daga cikin kabilun Maori, mazaunan New Zealand, akwai sunaye biyu don wannan nau'in: "takake" da "mogo". Sun yi godiya ga tsuntsu saboda dadadden kalamansa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman ado. Turawa ba su iya ɗaukar akalla samfurin guda ɗaya na jinsunan ba, don haka suna ɗaukar labarin labaran mazaunan yankin ba komai ba ne face almara. Kayan ragowar da fatar daya daga cikin tsuntsayen ne ya bamu damar shawo kansu akasin haka. Sunan ta latch mai suna hochstetteri ya sami wata sifa mai ban al'ajabi da girmamawa ga shahararren mai binciken Australia da New Zealand - Farfesa Ferdinand von Hochstetter.
Ana nuna Takaha akan tsabar kudin da take daidai dalar New Zealand, wannan kudin ƙasar ana kiranta da "kiwi" - don girmama wani tsuntsu mai tashi sama daga New Zealand, sanannen sanannen ƙasar.
A cikin Littafin Jan
Bayan tsawon lokacin karatun takache a karshen karni na XIX. An dauki nau'in halittar shekaru 60 kenan. Sai kawai a 1948, an sake gano tsuntsaye a cikin daji. Nan da nan bayan gano farin ciki, hukumomin New Zealand sun mai da yankin mazaunin su ya zama ajiyar wuri don kada jinsin ya mutu a wannan lokacin gaba ɗaya. An gina cibiyar kiwo wanda aka kama a kusa da wurin, kuma 'yan shekaru bayan halittar sa, an saki tsuntsaye na farko cikin daji. Babban barazanar takahe shine rashin iya yin gasa don abinci tare da nau'in halittun da mutane suka gabatar kuma cikin hanzari suka bazu ko'ina cikin tsibirin. Don rage tasirin masu fafatawa, an harbe baregi 17,000 a cikin ajiyar. Zuwa yanzu, tsuntsaye 225 ne suka rage a cikin yanayin, amma, kwanannan adadin su ya fara ƙaruwa, wanda ke da matukar ƙarfafawa ga masu kiyaye yanayin.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
A shekara ta 1849, wani gungun masu ba da teku a Duska Bay ya gamu da wani babban tsuntsu wanda suka kama sannan ya ci abinci. Walter Mantell ba da gangan ya sadu da mafarautan kuma ya ɗauki fata na tsuntsu. Ya aika da shi ga mahaifinsa, masanin burbushin halittu Gideon Mantell, kuma ya gano cewa Notornis ("tsuntsayen kudu"), tsuntsu mai rai, wanda kawai aka sani da kasusuwarsa, wanda a da can ana zaton dadadden juzu'i ne. Ya gabatar da kwafin ne a shekarar 1850 a taron kungiyar Zoological Society of London.
Bidiyo: Takache
A cikin karni na 19, Turawa sun gano wasu 'yan takahi biyu kacal. An kama samfurin guda a kusa da Tekun Te Anau a cikin 1879 kuma Gidan Tarihi a Jamhuriyar Jamus ya saya. An lalata shi yayin tashin bam na Dresden a yakin duniya na II. A cikin 1898, na biyu ya kama wani kare mai suna Grubaya, mallakar Jack Ross ne. Ross yayi ƙoƙarin tseratar da mace mai rauni, amma ta mutu. Gwamnatin New Zealand ce ta saya wannan kwafin kuma an sanya ta. Shekaru da yawa shine kawai nunin nuni a ko'ina cikin duniya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bayan shekara ta 1898, an ci gaba da karɓar rahoton manyan tsuntsaye masu shuɗi-kore. Babu wani abin lura da za a iya tabbatarwa, saboda haka ana ganin 'yar karamar bacewa ce.
Abin mamaki, an sake gano kwalekwalen rayuwa a cikin tsaunin Murchison a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1948. An kama mutane biyu da aka kama amma aka koma daji bayan an ɗauki hotunan sabon tsuntsun da aka gano. Wani cigaba da nazarin halittar dan adam mai rai da kuma takaftaka ya nuna cewa tsuntsayen Arewa da Kudancin tsibiri daban ne.
The Maori Island Island (P. mantelli) sananne ne ga Maori a matsayin mōho. Ya mutu ya fito kuma an san shi ne kawai daga ragowar kwarangwal da samfurin mai yiwuwa. Musa sun kasance sun fi tsayi da tsufa fiye da takahē, kuma suna da kakanninsu na yau da kullun. Takaha, wanda ke zaune a Tsibirin South Island, ya fito ne daga wata layin daban, kuma yana wakiltar wani sabon nau'in sabo da na baya-bayan nan na New Zealand daga Afirka.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Menene kama?
Takache shine mafi girman mazaunin dangin Rallidae. Tsawanta duka yana matsakaita da cm 63, kuma matsakaicin nauyin yake game da kilogram 2.7 a cikin maza kuma 2.3 kilogiram na mata a cikin kewayon 1.8 - 4.2. Tsawonsa ya kusan cm 50. Tsuntsu ne mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da gajerun kafafu masu ƙarfi da babban katako wanda zai iya haifar da cizo mai saurin lalacewa. Wannan ba halitta mai tashi ba ce da ke da ƙananan fuka-fukai waɗanda wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don taimaka wa tsuntsu ya hau kan gangara.
Plarfi na takaha, baki da kafafunsa suna nuna launuka na gallinul. Takaarshen maɓallin takaha na tsufa mai siliki, ƙarancin fari, mafi yawancin duhu shuɗi a kai, wuya, ɓangaren fuka-fuki da ƙananan ɓangare. A baya da fuka-fukan ciki sune duhu kore da launin shuɗi mai launi, kuma akan wutsiya launin ya zama kore. Tsuntsaye suna da garkuwar gaban farashi mai haske mai haske da "gyaran katako mai cike da launuka masu launin ja." Paayoyinsu masu launin shuɗi ne mai haske.
Dandalin ya yi kama da juna. Mata sun yi karanci. Kawun ka an rufe shi cikin lint daga shuɗi mai duhu zuwa baki akan ƙyallen kuma suna da ƙafafu masu launin ruwan kasa. Amma da sauri sun sami launi na manya. Rashin takahas ba tare da bata lokaci ba suna da launi mara kyau na launin canza launin yara, tare da baki mai duhu wanda ya juyo ja yayin da suka girma. Abun kula da jima'i ba sananne bane, kodayake mazan sunkai matsakaiciyar girma da yawa.
Yanzu kun san yadda takaha take. Bari mu ga inda wannan tsuntsu ke zaune.
A ina takahe yake?
Hoto: Tsache Bird
Porphyrio hochstetteri yana da martaba ga New Zealand. Burbushin yana nuna cewa sau ɗaya ya bazu ko'ina cikin Arewacin da Kudancin Ta Kudu, amma a "sabon ganowa" a 1948, jinsunan sun iyakance zuwa Dutsen Murchison a cikin Fjordland (kimanin 650 km 2), kuma yana da tsuntsaye 250-300 kawai, Yawan Jama'a ya ragu zuwa matakin mafi ƙasƙanci a shekarun 1970s da 1980, sannan daga cikin tsuntsaye 100 zuwa 160 sama da shekaru 20 kuma a farko an yi imanin cewa tsuntsaye na iya haifuwa. Koyaya, saboda abubuwan da suka danganci kwayoyin, a cikin 2007 zuwa2008 wannan adadin ya ragu da fiye da 40%, kuma har ya zuwa 2014, ya kai ƙarancin mutane 80.
Taimakawa daga tsuntsaye daga wasu yankuna ya ƙaru wannan adadin ya koma 110 zuwa 2016. An ƙaddamar da shirin kiwo ne a cikin 1985 tare da burin ƙara yawan jama'a don ƙaura zuwa tsibiran masu ba da izini. A shekara ta 2010, hanyar canza garken fursunoni an canza ta kuma ba wai mutane sun tayar da ita ba, amma ta iyayensu, wanda hakan ke kara yiwuwar rayuwarsu.
A yau, yan gudun hijirar suna kan tsibirin tara da manyan tsibirin:
- Tsibirin Mana
- Tirithiri Matangi,
- Cape Sanctuary,
- Tsibirin Motutapu,
- Tauranran in New Zealand,
- Kapiti,
- Tsibirin Rotoroa
- Cibiyar Taruhe a Burwood da sauran wurare.
Bayan haka kuma, a wani wuri daya wanda ba a san shi ba sosai, inda adadin su ya ƙaru sosai a hankali, yana da manya 55 a cikin 1998 saboda ƙarancin kyankyashewa da ƙyalƙyalin ƙwararrakin da suka danganci matakin samar da macen wannan nau'in. Yawan landsan kananan tsibiran yanzu na iya kusan zama don fitarwa. Za'a iya samun yawan jama'ar ƙasar a cikin ciyawar Albaniya da kuma a cikin dazuzzukan subalpine. Yawan jama'ar tsibirin suna zaune ne akan wuraren kiwo.
Mece takaha?
Hoto: Takahe Cowgirl
Tsuntsu yana ciyar da ciyawa, harbe da kwari, amma galibi waɗannan sune ganyen Chionochloa da sauran nau'in ciyawar ciyawa. Ana iya ganin Takache lokacin da ta ɗora wata ƙaramar ciyawar dusar ƙanƙara (Danthonia flavescens). Tsuntsu yana ɗaukar tsirrai a maƙulli ɗaya kuma yana ci kawai ƙananan sassa masu laushi, waɗanda sune abincin da aka fi so, kuma suna jefa sauran.
A New Zealand, ana cin kwai takayen ƙwai da kajin wasu ƙananan tsuntsaye. Kodayake ba a san halin wannan halin ba, sultans masu alaƙar tsuntsaye a wasu lokuta suna ciyar da ƙwai da kajin sauran tsuntsaye. Yankunan tsuntsayen suna iyakantacce ne ga wuraren kiwo na bakin ruwa a duniya kuma ana ciyar da shi sosai a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gandun daji mai dusar ƙanƙara da ɗayan nau'in fern rhizomes. Bugu da kari, wakilan nau'in tare da nishaɗin ci ciyawa da hatsi da aka kawo zuwa tsibiran.
Abubuwan da akafi so a cikin takah sunada:
Hakanan, takache suna cinye tushen ganyayyaki da kuma ƙwayoyin Chionochloa rigida, Chionochloa pallens da Chionochloa crassiuscula. Wasu lokuta kuma sukan dauki kwari, musamman idan kaji na girma. Tushen abincin tsuntsaye shine ganyen Chionochloa. Ana iya ganin su sau da yawa suna cin ganyayyaki da ganyen Dantonia rawaya.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Takaha suna aiki yayin rana kuma suna hutawa da daddare. Suna da dogaro da ƙasa mai mahimmanci, yawancin rikice-rikice tsakanin nau'i-nau'i masu gudana suna faruwa a lokacin shiryawa. Waɗannan ba tsuntsaye ne masu tashi a ƙasa ba waɗanda suke rayuwa bisa ƙasa. Halin rayuwarsu an kirkireshi ne da warewa a Tsibirin New Zealand. Akeaukar mazaunin Takake ya bambanta da girma da kuma yawa. Matsakaicin mafi girman yankin da aka mamaye shi ne daga 1.2 zuwa 4.9 ha, kuma mafi girman ɗakunawar mutane a cikin gumi mara nauyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Thean wasan Takaha wata al'ada ce ta musamman da ta dace da yanayin tsuntsayen tsibirin. Saboda ƙarancin su da sabuntaka, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna tallafawa yanayin lafiyar mutane masu sha'awar lura da waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen a tsibiran tsibirin.
An samo Takaha a cikin yankin makiyaya mai tsayi, inda yake mafi yawan shekara. Yana wanzuwa a cikin wuraren kiwo har sai dusar ƙanƙara ta bayyana, bayan wannan an tilasta tsuntsayen su sauka cikin gandun daji ko ciyayi. A halin yanzu, akwai karamin bayanai game da yadda za a danganta tsuntsaye 'yarha da juna. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna amfani da sigina na gani da tausa yayin dako. Kayan kaji na iya fara kiwo a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwarsu, amma yawanci suna farawa ne a shekara ta biyu.Tsuntsaye masu cin guda biyu: ma'aurata suna zama tare daga shekaru 12, mai yiwuwa har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Tsache Bird
Zaɓar ma'aurata sun haɗa da zaɓuɓɓukan kotu na da yawa. Duet da nodding na wuyan, da jinsi, sune halayen gama gari. Bayan kulla yarjejeniyar, mace ta tilasta wa namiji, ta mayar da ita ga namiji, ta shimfida fikafikanta da kauda kai. Namiji yana kulawa da rushewar mace kuma shine asalin wanda yake haifar da ɗibar.
Sake yin faruwa yana faruwa ne bayan hunturu na New Zealand, yana karewa wani lokaci a watan Oktoba. Ma'aurata suna shirya shimfidar gida mai zurfi a cikin siffar kwano na ƙananan twigs da ciyawa a ƙasa. Kuma mace tana jingina abubuwa na ƙwai na 1-3, wanda ke kyankyashe bayan kimanin kwanaki 30 na shiryawa. An bayar da rahoton yawan rayuwa mai yawa, amma a matsakaita daya kajin daya ne zai tsira daga balaga.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba a san abin da aka sani game da tsammanin rayuwar takah a cikin daji ba. A cewar bayanan, suna iya rayuwa cikin daji tsawon shekaru 14 zuwa 20. A cikin bauta har zuwa shekara 20.
Pauke nau'i-nau'i a kan Tsibirin South, lokacin da ba su sanya kwai ba, yawanci suna kusanci da juna. Akasin haka, nau'i-nau'i na ciyawa ana samun saurin lura tare yayin shiryawa, saboda haka ana ɗauka cewa tsuntsu ɗaya koyaushe yana cikin gida. Mata suna yin haila da yawa a cikin rana, kuma maza suna kyankyashe da dare. Abun lura bayan kyankyashe ya nuna cewa mata da miji suna cin lokaci ɗaya daidai don ciyar da saurayi. An ciyar da matasa har sai sun kai wata 3, bayan haka sun sami 'yanci.
Abokan gaba na makiya
Hoto: Takahe Cowgirl
Takaha bashi da magabatan gida a baya. Yawan mutane sun yi koma baya sakamakon canje-canje na anthropogenic, kamar lalata da canjin mazaunin, farauta da gabatarwar masu farauta da gasa masu shayarwa, ciki har da karnuka, deer da ermines.
Babban magabata na takache:
- mutane (homo sapiens)
- karnukan gida (C. lupusiliaris),
- kazanta ja (C. elaphus),
- ermine (M. erminea).
Gabatar da jan akuya babbar gasa ce ga abinci, yayin da ermines ke taka matsayin maɗaukaki. Rarraba gandun daji a cikin Pleistocene na bayan-glacialocene ya ba da gudummawa ga rage wuraren zama.
An bayyana dalilai na raguwar yawan mutane masu garkuwa da mutane kafin zuwan Turawa ta Williams (1962). Canjin yanayi shine babban dalilin raguwar lambobin takahé zuwa mazaunin Turai. Canje-canje na muhalli bai shiga ba tare da wata alama ta takahe ba, tare da lalata kusan dukkan su. Ba a yarda da ci gaba da yanayin zafi dabam ga wannan rukuni na tsuntsaye ba. Takakhe suna zaune a cikin ciyawar makiyaya, amma zamanin da ta gabata bayan ta lalata waɗannan yankuna, wanda ya haifar da raguwar lambobi sosai.
Bugu da kari, mazauna kasar Polynesia, wadanda suka isa kimanin shekaru 800-1000 da suka gabata, sun kawo karnuka da berayen Polynesian. Kuma sun fara farautar faraha don abinci, wanda ya haifar da sabon koma baya. Mazaunan Turai a cikin karni na 19 kusan sun lalata su ta hanyar farauta da gabatar da dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar barewa, waɗanda ke gasa abinci, da masu farauta (alal misali, kuskure), waɗanda ke farautar su kai tsaye.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Menene kama?
An kiyasta jimlar yawan mutane a yau 280 na tsuntsaye masu balaguro tare da kusan nau'ikan kiwo 87. Yawan adadin alkalumma na karuwa koyaushe, gami da raguwar 40% saboda tsinkaya a 2007/08 Yawan mutane da aka gabatar a cikin daji ya karu a hankali kuma masana kimiyya suna tsammanin yanzu zai iya kwanciyar hankali.
An jera wannan nau'in azaman na haɗari saboda yana da ƙananan ƙananan, duk da haka yana haɓaka sannu a hankali, yawan jama'a. Shirin farfadowa na yanzu yana da nufin ƙirƙirar yawan wadatar mutane tare da mutane fiye da 500. Idan yawan jama'a ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, wannan zai haifar da shi zuwa cikin jerin mawuyacin littafin Red Book.
Rashin kusan cikakkiyar ɓatawar garkuwa ta baya sanadi ne saboda dalilai da yawa:
- yawan farauta
- asarar rayuwa
- ya gabatar da magabata.
Tunda wannan nau'in na daɗewa, mai shayarwa a hankali, yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa kafin ya kai ga balaga kuma yana da babban yanki, wanda ya ragu sosai da ƙarancin ƙarnuka, inbred depression shine matsala babba. Kuma ana kokarin rage kokarin da ake samu na rage karancin tsuntsayen da suka rage.
An yi amfani da nazarin kwayoyin don zaɓar ƙwayar kiwo don kiyaye matsakaiciyar asalin halitta. Ofaya daga cikin burin farko na farko shine ƙirƙirar wadatar wadatar al'umman da suka ƙaru sama da 500. A farkon shekarar 2013, adadin ya kasance mutum 263. A shekarar 2016, ya girma zuwa 306 takah. A cikin 2017, har zuwa 347 - 13% fiye da na baya.
Takache mai gadi
Hoto: Takaddun Littattafai
Bayan dogon barazanar rugujewa, takaha yanzu ta sami kariya a cikin Gidajen Fiordland. Koyaya, wannan nau'in bai sami ingantaccen dawowa ba. A zahiri, yawan 'yan' yan 'takahi a sabon binciken sun kasance mutane 400, sannan kuma sun ragu zuwa 118 a 1982 saboda gasa tare da maharbi. Sake buɗe littafin takahé ya tayar da hankalin jama'a sosai.
Gwamnatin New Zealand ta dauki matakin gaggawa ta rufe wani yanki mai nisa na Fiordland National Park don kada tsuntsayen su damu. Yawancin shirye-shiryen maido da nau'in halittu sun inganta. An yi ƙoƙarin yin nasara don kwashe 'yan takahs zuwa "mafaka a tsibirin", an kuma tattara su cikin kamammen. Daga qarshe, kusan kusan shekaru goma, ba a dauki wani mataki ba saboda karancin kayan masarufi.
An kirkiro wani shiri na musamman na matakan inganta yawan tahake, wanda ya hada da:
- Kafaffen babban mahallacin 'yan tsiraru,
- sabuntawa, kuma a wasu wuraren halittar yanayin zama dole,
- gabatarwar hangen nesa da kananan tsibiran da za su iya tallafa wa ɗimbin jama'a,
- sake samarwa na jinsin, sake fasalin. Halittar yawancin al ofumma a ɓangaren duniya,
- fursuna na farauta / wucin gadi,
- haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a ta hanyar riƙe tsuntsayen fursunoni don bayyanar jama'a da ziyartar tsibiran, kazalika ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai.
Ya kamata a bincika abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙaruwar mutane da kuma mace-mace na kajin a cikin tsibiran tsibirin. Ci gaba da sanya ido zai ba da damar ci gaba da sa ido a cikin adadin tsuntsayen da yawan amfaninsu, tare da gudanar da karatun mutane a cikin bauta. Wani muhimmin abin da ya faru na gudanarwa shi ne tsaftataccen kulawar deer a cikin tsaunin Murchison da sauran yankunan tahake.
Wannan cigaba ya taimaka wajen bunkasa nasarar kiwo. takache. Binciken na yanzu yana nufin auna tasirin hare-haren ɓarna kuma, don haka, warware batun ko barnatarwa manyan lamura ne da ke buƙatar gudanarwa.