A yau, saboda mummunan tashin hankalin halittar duniyarmu, da gaskiyar cewa yanayi yana wahala sosai kuma sakamakon sakamakon mutumin da ya zubar dashi da ɓarnar fasahar fasahohi daban-daban, kuma yawanci halayensa na banƙyama ne ga kwari da fauna, nau'ikan dabbobi, Daga a tarihi mai nisa zaune a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha, sun kasance a kan gab da nau'i.
Don a taƙaice dakatar da wannan tsari kuma koyar da mutane su kula da yanayin rayuwa da ke kewaye da su, an kirkiro da littafin Red Book of Russia. Ya ƙunshi dabbobi ba kawai ba, adadinsu dangane da lalata mutane, wani lokacin adadinsu ya kasance kamar wasu mutane biyu, amma har tsirrai, kwari, tsuntsaye, namomin kaza ...
Ja ko wolf dutsen
Tsawon jiki har zuwa mita 1, nauyi daga 12 zuwa 21 kg, yayi kama da dawakai, a zahiri, ya sha wahala saboda wannan. Mafarautan, ba su da masaniyar dabarun zoology, sun yiwa wannan nau'in kisan harbi. Ainihin, kyarke dutsen ya ja hankalin mutane da kyawawan furcinsa, Ja mai launi mai haske da kuma 'fifikon' 'alama - wutsiyar wutsiyar, wacce ba kamar dodon take ba. Wolf wolf tana zaune a Yankin Gabas, a China da Mongolia, sun gwammace tafiya cikin ƙaramin garke - mutane 8 zuwa 15.
Amur (Ussuri) Tiger
Amig (Ussuri) tiger ne mai ƙarancin ɗanɗano da ya ci nasara akan yankin ƙasarmu. An san cewa a kan gabar gabar Sikhote-Alin, yawan waɗannan kuliyoyin daji har yanzu ya kasance kaɗan. Tsirar amur na iya kaiwa nisan mita biyu. Wutsiyar su kuma tana da tsayi - har zuwa mita ɗaya.
Taimen, ko ciyawar talakawa
Taimen an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha kuma an kiyaye shi musamman a yankuna da dama na Tarayyar Rasha. Dangane da IUCN, an gama kare ciyawar gama gari ko kuma a rage su sosai cikin 39 na mashigan kogin 57: popuan mutane ne kawai ke rayuwa a wurare masu nisa
Musk deer
Dabba deko dabbobi ne da aka yi kama da barewa, amma ba kamar sa ba, ba tare da kaho. Amma deer na musk yana da wata hanyar kariya - kyankyasai waɗanda ke girma a saman muƙamuƙin dabba, saboda wannnan halittar mara lahani, a zahiri, ana ɗauka koda dabbar turke ne da yake shan jinin wasu dabbobin.
Dormouse na gandun daji
Aka jera dormouse a hukumance a cikin littafin Red na wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha. Waɗannan sune Kursk, Oryol, Tambov da Lipetsk yankuna. A duk duniya, ana kiyaye wannan nau'in ta Yarjejeniyar Vienna. Hakanan an haɗa shi a cikin Jerin Rayi na IUCN.
Leopard na Gabas
Leopard gabas shine dabba mai hankali da aka jera a cikin littafin Red, wanda ba zai taɓa yin karo da mutum ba. Amma mutuminmu yana tunanin haka? A'a! Duk da haramcin, masu ba da fata suna ci gaba da murkushe waɗannan dabbobin, kuma ba wai su kaɗai ba. An lalata shi da babban abincin damisa - deer da barewa. Bugu da kari, don gina sabbin hanyoyi da gidaje, an lalata gandun daji gaba daya, tare da cire dabbobi da dukkan ciyayi.
Kurciya Dan ruwa (Irbis)
Wani mai farautar da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Gidajen damisa dusar ƙanƙara shine yanki mai tsaunuka na Tsakiyar Asiya. Saboda rayuwa ce cikin mahalli mai wahala da matsananciyar wahala har yanzu wannan dabbar tana ci gaba da yin rajistar ta cikin jerin dabbobi da suke wanzu a duniyarmu, kodayake an saba da ita.
Amur goral
Subsungiyoyin ɗan akuya, yana zaune a cikin yankin Primorsky, ana kiyaye wakilan wannan nau'in cikin ƙananan rukuni - daga mutane 6 zuwa 8. Yawancin wannan nau'in a Rasha ƙananan - kusan mutane 700. An samo nau'in da ta yi kama da tsarin rigar Amur a Tibet Plateau da Himalayas.
Haɗuwa
Arancin jaki na Asiya na daji, a halin yanzu a dabi'a ba a same shi ba. An rubuta wasu mutane a Tsakiyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Don dawo da yawan nau'in halittar, an tilasta ɗayan ajiyar na Turkmenistan don ɗaukar asali na wucin gadi na waɗannan dabbobin.
Harshen Warin Atlanta
Mazauninta shine Barents da Kara Seas. Tsawon jikin mutum na walrus ya kai mita 4, kuma nauyi - har zuwa tan miliyan daya da rabi. Kusan tsakiyar karni na 20 an kusan lalata shi; yanzu, godiya ga kokarin masana ilimin halittu, an samu ci gaba mai saurin girma, amma ba wanda zai iya tantance ainihin adadin jinsunan, tunda yana da matukar wahala sosai, ga hawa rowan wadannan dabbobi ba tare da kayan aiki na musamman da dusar kankara ba.
Jeren
Slean ƙaramin siririn da ƙafa mai nauyi. Tsawon maza ya kai 85 cm kuma nauyin yana kimanin kilo 40, hornsaho mai baƙar fata, launin Jawo mai launin shuɗi. Matan sun kai tsayinsa zuwa 75 cm da nauyinsa ya kai kilo 30. Waɗannan tuddai, mazaunan ƙauyuka da hamada, ana samun su a kudu na tsaunin Altai, amma an kore su daga can saboda yawan wuraren waɗannan wuraren.
Leopard na Asiya ta Tsakiya
Damisa na Asiya ta Tsakiya, wanda kuma aka sani da damisa na Caucasian (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica), yana daga dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daga dangin Feline. Wannan reshe na damisa zaune galibi ne a yammacin Asiya kuma mai haske ne, amma da wuya saukin wakilci na halittar Panther.
Waɗannan 'yan kaɗan ne mazaunan al'ummomin halitta waɗanda rayuwarsu ke fuskantar matsala.
Zakin Afirka
Zaki ya taɓa zama sarki dabbobi, har ma a zamanin nan an yi ma wannan dabba bautar. Ga tsoffin Masarawa, zakin ya zama mai kiyaye halitta, yana kiyaye ƙofar zuwa wata duniyar. Ga tsohuwar Masarawa, an ba da allahn haihuwa da Aker tare da rawar zaki. A cikin duniyar yau, alamomi da yawa na jihohi suna nuna sarkin dabbobi.
Benig Tigig
Bengal tiger (Latin: Panther tigris tigris ko Panther tigris bengalsis) wani reshe ne na daman damis na mallakar Carnivores, dangin Feline da halittar Panther. Bengal tigers sune dabbobin kasa na tarihin Bengal ko Bangladesh, har da China da Indiya kuma an jera su a cikin littafin littafi mai kyau.
Fata Turtle ko Loot
Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa kunamar bakin fata (ƙura) tana yin tarko a kan dukkan takaddun hukuma na sashen ruwan teku mallakar Jamhuriyar Fiji. Ga mazaunan tarin tsibirin, kunkuru yana wakiltar saurin haɓaka ƙwarewar kewayawa.
Zaki Marmosets
Wani yanki na musamman tsakanin magabatan da ke gungun wasu kananan birai - marmosets zaki. Gashinsu yana haskakawa kamar da ƙurar ƙura ta zinariya. Abin takaici, wannan nau'in biri ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da ke cikin jerin jinsunan dabbobi masu hadarin gaske.
Ikon wutsiya
A Kudancin Amurka, akwai wata dabba ta musamman da ake kira maned Wolfs (guar). Hakanan yana da sifofin wolf da dawakai kuma mallakar mallakar dabbobi ne. Guara yana da bayyanar da baƙon abu: m, maras kyau ga kerkeci, bugun jini, ƙafafu mai tsayi, ƙyalli mai kaifi da manyan kunnuwa.
Brownie Shark ko Goblin Shark
Rashin ilimi da gazawar iya tantance adadin adadin kifin goblin da ake da su a yau ya baiwa masana kimiyya damar yanke hukunci game da hada shi a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya wanda ba kasafai ake samun karancinsa ba.
Game da Littattafai Ja
A halin yanzu yana da wahala a samu wanda bai san menene Littafin Mai ba. Labarinta ya fara da jerin sunayen dabbobi da ke cikin hadarin halaka. Wani kwamiti na kasa da kasa na masana kimiyya daga kasashe da dama sunyi aiki akan kirkirar shi a cikin 50s na karni na karshe. A shawararta, an sami jerin dabbobi da yawa da ake kira Red Book. An zaɓi Red a matsayin alamar haɗarin haɗari wanda ke jiran tsirrai da dabbobi a cikin gaskiyar zamani.
A yau, littafin nan na Red littafi littafi ne da ke kunshe da bayanai game da dabbobi da tsirrai masu saurin kisa wadanda ke cikin hadarin halaka. Tare da kasa da kasa, akwai Litattafai Red na ƙasa da na yanki.
A cikin Soviet Union, Red Book game da dabbobi an sake shi a 1978, bugu na gaba - a 1984.
A shekara ta 2001, an buga littafin Lami na Tarayya. Dabbobi. " Ya rubuta ta dabba 414, ciki har da 259 vertebrates da 155 invertebrates. A shekara ta 2008, “Littafin Lissafi na Tarayyar Rasha. Tsire-tsire ”, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan tsirrai 652.
Dukkanin dabbobi da tsire-tsire da aka jera a cikin littafin Red sun kasu kashi biyu, umarni, iyalai kuma an haɗa su cikin jerin su cikin tsarin haruffa, wanda ya ƙunshi sunayen abubuwa, taƙaitaccen bayanin, dalilan yin jerin dabbobi da tsirrai a cikin Littafin Red.
Kowane nau'in an sanya nau'ikan maɗauri, rarrabuwa wanda aka ƙera shi bisa tushen gwaninta na duniya da kuma aiki a cikin nazarin dabbobin dabbobi da shuka a cikin Rasha. Akwai kungiyoyi cancanta shida duka: daga rukuni na 0 (da alama sun shuɗe) izuwa aji 4 (ba a fahimta) da 5 (lambobin dawowa).
Littattafai Red suna gabatar da dabbobi na Far East, Altai, tsakiyar Rasha, da Caucasus. Jimlar samfurori 1066 na tsirrai da dabbobi an jera su a cikin littafin Red na Federationungiyar Rasha.
Fiye da shekaru 18 sun wuce tun farkon fitowa na CC na theungiyar Rasha, amma har yanzu jama'a basu jira fitowar ta biyu na ɗumbin dabba ba. Dalilin haka shine gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya mai gudana tsakanin ƙungiyar muhalli da wadda ake kira harabar farauta. Latterarshe ya dage kan wariya daga Littafin Red of Russia na yawan rareananan halaye masu ƙima da mahimmanci, waɗanda burin kasuwanci suka jagoranta. Daga cikinsu akwai mazaunan teku 11: hatiman, dabbobin ruwa, kisa mai kisa da sauransu.
Bugu da kari, an gabatar da tsari don cirewa daga jerin ja masu sifofin Ussuri da aka zana, wakilin dangin riguna na Marten, karamin gilashin Turai. An ba da shawarar mai sayarda zaki don ƙetara zuwa sashin da babu ƙarancin kariya. Harafin masana kimiyya game da hada littafi a cikin Littafin Ruwan Himalaya daga Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda har yanzu ba a fahimci yawan jama'arta ba.
Babban rukuni na masana kimiyya sun aika da wasika ga Shugaban Russianasashen Rasha tare da neman kare ra'ayoyin masana kimiyyar ɗabi'a game da barazanar mutuwa da ke faruwa na wakilan masu fafutukar kare mutuncin Rasha. Yayinda akwai tattaunawa tsakanin bangarorin, wanda gwamnoni, 'yan kasuwa, masana kimiyya ke shiga.
Giant fossa
Jakar dabbobi masu shayarwa Cryptoprocta spelea, wanda aka gano ragowar ta a farkon karni na karshe, ya fi girma fiye da ƙwayar cutar Cryptoprocta da ke zaune a Madagascar. Dabbar tana kama da babban cat, ta mallaki halayen beyar da kuma yanayin farauta na mongoose.
Dabba, kamar burbushin halittar Madagascar ta yanzu, ta hau bishiyoyi da kyau, ta nemi sauran kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye, kwari. Babban ganima ya zama lemurs, wanda dabbar ta lalata fiye da abin da ya sami damar ci. A saboda wannan, har ma da hare-hare akai-akai akan matattarar kaji, mazauna tsibirin ba su son wannan dabbar, kuma sun lalata ta har abada. A yau, jinsin C. Spelea ba ya kasance a tsibirin ba, kuma an sake samun wasu nau'in daga wannan dangi a cikin littafin Red a tsakanin masu rauni.
Dodo Bird (Mauritius Dodo)
Wannan dabbar mai ban sha'awa ta rayu a tsibirin Mauritius mai ban sha'awa. Har wa yau, hotunan dabbobi an kiyaye su kawai a cikin hotunan mai son. Bayanin mai tsuntsu shine shigarwar cikin mujallolin sojojin ruwa, wasu labarai na matafiya.
Dangane da wadannan kafofin, dodo dodo yana da launin toka-mai launin toka-toka, jikin mutum mai dauke da kafafu masu launin rawaya. A kan sabon fararen ya kasance dogon koren rawaya mai launin rawaya. Abubuwan da aka gano sun nuna cewa tsuntsayen sun kai tsayin mita ɗaya kuma suna iya nauyi har kilo 18.
Saboda yawan abinci, da kuma rashin makiyaya, tsuntsu ya rasa dabarun tashi da hankali. Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Holland da suka bayyana a tsibirin a karni na 16 sun lalata dabbobi saboda sake mamaye kayayyakin jigilar kayayyaki da abinci.
Suna farautar tsuntsayen da ba za'a iya musu sauƙaƙa ba: mutum ya matso kusa da dabba ya kashe shi da sanda a kai. Tsuntsu ma bai yi ƙoƙarin tserewa ba, kuma tana motsi a hankali da kuma girgizawa.
Bafaranshet, wanda ya ziyarci tsibirin har ma fiye da Dutch, ya ba su suna "Dodo" - wanda aka fassara daga Fotigal a matsayin "wawa" ko "wawa". A zahiri a cikin karni guda, tsuntsu ya ɓace daga tsibirin, kuma lokacin da mutane suka gane shi, ya makara sosai don canza wani abu.
A cikin 60s, don tunawa da dabba, Asusun Kula da Yanayi da Darrell ya ɗauki dodo wanda alama ce da alama.
Saniya Steller
Tsarin nau'in dabbobi a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha shine da farko wannan samfurin misali. Saniya na teku, ko saniya Steller, sunan kimiyya na duniya Hydrodamalis gigas dabba ce mai girma a cikin ruwa.
Eringungiyar Bering ta gano shi a cikin 1741. Jirgin kwamandan ya lalace kusa da tsibirin, lamarin da ya tilasta matukan jirgin su sake gina jirgin na kimanin watanni 10. Crewungiyoyin da aka raunana sun taimaka wajen fitar da naman dabbar da ba a san ta ba, wanda, abin mamaki, ya juya ya zama mai sauƙi ga samu.
Shanun teku, kamar yadda masu jirgin ruwan su ke kiransu, a hankali da kwanciyar hankali, ba sa kula da mutane, sun yi iyo a gefen tekun, suna cin abinci. Ba su san yadda za su nutse ba kuma suna zurfi. Babban likita mai balaguron G. Steller, wanda ya sami ilimin kimiyya a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halitta, shine farkon wanda ya lura dabbobi sannan kuma ya bayyana su.
Ya kiyasta tsayin jikin mutum a mita 7.5, kuma nauyin da aka fitar ya kasance tan 3.5. Bayan haka, bayanin wasu mutane ya ƙunshi ƙarin adadi masu ban sha'awa: tsayi har zuwa 8 m, nauyi har zuwa tan 11.
Bayan labarai masu sauƙin farauta, mafarautan sun fara isowa tsibirin kuma shekaru talatin bayan haka dabbobi ba sa nan. Saƙonni daga tarurruka da saniya na teku suna zuwa lokaci zuwa lokaci daga matuƙan jirgin ruwa, amma ba su sami tabbaci ba. Theungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta ayyana dabbar ta zama dabba mai ɗorewa, kuma ana iya ganin kasusuwarta a cikin gidajen tarihi da yawa a duniya.
Kashi na farko
Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari - wannan ita ce yanayin haɗari ga mai haraji, wanda ya kamata ya haifar da damuwa a cikin jama'a. Dabbobi suna shiga kashi na farko, adadinsu yana kusanto da ƙima mafi ƙima. Idan ba ku ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba, yawan jama'a na iya ɓacewa har abada daga wannan yankin.
Asiya ta Asiya
Wannan shi ne ɗayan ɓangarorin cheetah, rarraba yanki wanda a baya shine babban yankin Indiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ya kasance wanda aka kama da farauta da yawa saboda kyawawan fatun sa. Da farko ya ɓace daga ƙasashen Indiya, sannan kuma a cikin ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya, ban da Iran. A farkon shekarun 2000, masana sun kirga kusan dabbobi dari.
Sumatran rhino
Daya daga cikin jinsunan rhino guda biyar da suke duniya. A da, wani mazaunin dazuzzukan kurmi na Kudancin Asiya, ya hadu a Sin. Har zuwa yau, yawan dabbobin sun rayu ne kawai a kan Sumatra, tsibirin Borneo, da kuma a kan Tsibirin Malay. An gama da shi sakamakon farautar ƙahoni da aka yi amfani da su a cikin maganin gargajiya na Sinanci. A yau, ana kimanta adadin adadin rhinos Sumatran sama da mutum 200.
Wolf Red
Wakili na gaba na Gabas mai nisa. Hakanan yana da sunayen dutsen, buanzu, Wolala wolf. Tana da kyakkyawar furfura mai jan gashi tare da launin ja. Launin launinta da jikinta suna kama da dawakai, saboda haka mafiya yawanci sukan rikitar dasu da mafarauta kuma su harbe har da jan kyarkeci.
A ƙarni na 19, maƙiyi ya zauna a cikin Altai, a cikin yankin Khabarovsk; A yau, babu wani tabbataccen shaida da ke nuna cewa karnukan dutsen suna cikin Rasha. Rarrabe saƙonni baya ƙarfafa ƙarfin gwiwa tsakanin kwararru. Amma a Pakistan, Indiya, Iran da Himalayas, ana samun dabbar sau da yawa. Littafin Red na Rasha ya haɗa shi a cikin rukunin farko.
Amig tiger
Sashe na “Dabbobin Gabas ta Tsakiya” na littafin jan ja ba abu ne wanda ba za a iya yin tunanin sa ba tare da amur damis (Panthera tigris). Maigidan Ussuri taiga shine mafi shahararren dabba da aka girmama a tsakanin mazauna garin.
Kwanan nan, an rage adadin wannan dabbar. Koyaya, matakan kariya ta tsarin jihar, ƙirƙirar yanayi don rayuwarta, gami da karuwar artiodactyls a cikin mazaunin tiger, ya haifar da sake dawo da yawan jama'a. A yau akwai bayanai cewa adadin waɗannan dabbobin ya riga ya kusan mutane 700. Wannan zai isa ga matsayin sa na al'ada a cikin yankin da aka raba.
Zakin teku
Amsa Tambayar, Wanne dabbobi na yankin kankara aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha, kowannenmu zai sanya sunayen farkon like. Daga cikin su, wani gwarzo daga dangin zinare - zaki mai girman teku - ya yi fice a cikin girman. Steller ya ba shi wani suna - zaki na arewacin teku.
Dabbobin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red a cikin karni na 19 an lalata shi azaman kamun kifi, amma a ƙarni na gaba ya ɗan dawo da martabarta. Yanzu, bisa ƙididdigar kusan, akwai kusan mutane 12,000. Suna zaune a tsibirin Kuril, Kamchatka, Sakhalin.
Sauran nau'in
Hakanan an hada su a cikin Littafin Layi daga dabbobin Kamchatka, Okhotsk reindeer, dabbar dolphin launin toka, kifin fata, da kifin humpback.
Dabbobin arewaci daga Littafin Red na Rasha suma ana wakilta su da jigilar pola, walrus, kisa whale, baka da shuden shuɗi, farin gull, narwhal ko unicorn.
Tsuntsayen Littafin Rayayyar Ru'ya na Rasha, wanda suka karɓi rukuni na biyu na matsatsi, launin toka ne mai launin shuɗi.
Manul
Daga cikin wadanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha akwai cat mai daji - Pallas, sunan na biyu wanda shine Pallas cat. Wannan ɗan dabbar da ba ta iya ci ba ta rayu a cikin tsaunukan tuddai da hamada na Gidajen Altai da Transbaikal, a Buryatia da Tuva. Cikakken bayanai akan lambobin sa yana da wahalar samu saboda rayuwar sirrin rayuwa.
Dabbobin ruwa
A cikin sararin faɗaɗa ƙasar ƙasar, dabbobin da aka fi so su sune dabbar dolphins fari. Suna zaune a cikin tekun Baltic da Barents. Manyan dabbobi - masu tsayin mita 3 zuwa 5 kuma suna awo har zuwa kilogram 350 - ba'a karancin samfuran su ba, adadin su har yanzu yana da wahalar kafawa.
Madadin ƙarshe
Akwai shafuka a cikin littafi na Red, bayanin da zai kawo ingantaccen motsin rai. Wannan bayani game da taxa da aka canja zuwa rukuni na biyar. Wannan rukunin yana nufin nau'ikan da aka maido dasu: yawan adadin alƙaluma yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma yana kusan kusan yanayin al'ada.
Misali, bakin teku ko beaver, wanda ke zaune a Arewa da tsibirin Kuril. An murƙushe shi ba da tausayi ba saboda furcinsa. Bayan dakatar da samarwarta, adadin waɗannan dabbobin daga littafin Red na Rasha ya karu sosai kuma a yanzu an canza bututun teku zuwa rukuni na biyar.
Irin waɗannan misalai na tsirrai da na dabbobi da aka jera a cikin littafin Red na Rasha daidai ya ba da dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar samun kariya daga tsirrai da dabbobi.
Kariyar dabbobi na Rasha daga littafin Red muhimmin aiki ne na hukuma da al'umma. Kowane ɗayansu ya sami damar rayuwa da kuma yanayin rayuwa ta al'ada a cikin yanayin.
Za'a iya samun kyawawan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da dabbobi ɗan littafin ja a shafuffuka, da kuma a cikin shafukan littattafan yanki. Don haka, jan littafin KCR, yayi bayani game da dabbobin jamhuriya, nau'ikan 156 wadanda suke buƙatar kariya daga rushewa.
Dabbobin Littattafan Rare Riga
Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, Unionungiyar Kawancen Duniya don Kula da Halittu (IUCN) ta kirkiro da Hukumar game da Rare Species, wanda ya tsara jerin abubuwan rayayyun halittu masu haɗarin haɗari. Wannan jerin suna da ake kira Red Data Book. An buga littafin farko na IUCN Red Book a cikin 1963 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an gyara shi da yawa. Yanzu a karkashin sunan gama gari akwai jerin abubuwa dayawa a lokaci daya: daga gaba daya - na duniya - zuwa yanki.
- Kasa da kasa (IUCN). Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, an tsara jerin farko don Littafin IUCN Red Book a 1963 kuma tun daga wannan aka sake cika shi. Littafin na duniya takardu ne na ci gaba da aiki, amma idan kowane jinsi daga gare shi ya daina fuskantar barazanar halaka, to “ja” ganye ya zama “kore”.
- Na kasa Littattafai ja iri ne “reshe” na duk duniya. A Rasha, alal misali, akwai jerin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rauni da tsirrai da ke gudana a cikin ƙasarmu. Dangane da dokar, ya kamata a buga littafin nan na Red aƙalla sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru goma. Yanzu jerin sun ƙunshi nau'ikan 231, waɗanda 74 nau'in dabbobi ne masu shayarwa. A shekara ta 2017, za a fitar da sabon salo na Red Book, amma, saboda canji a cikin tsarin hukumar, har yanzu ba a amince da jerin sunayen taxa ba.
A bayanin kula
Haɗin wani ɗan taksi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha yana ba shi kariya ta dokoki, shi ne, wannan nau'in an haramta shi ta atomatik don sayo, ko dai shuka, naman kaza, dabbobi mai rarrafe, tsuntsu ko dabbobi masu shayarwa.
- Yanki Littattafai ja masu kamannin mutane ne da ke cikin hadari a kan yankuna daban daban, jumhuriya, da sauransu. Akwai litattafai da yawa na yanki na yanki sama da 50 a cikin Rasha, alal misali, Littafin Layi na Kamchatka, Yankin Voronezh, da Jamhuriyar Chuvash. Tabbas, don mafi yawan bangare, jerin yankuna suna ba da bayani kawai game da wani yanki na mazaunin wani ko wata jinsi, amma a cikin yanayin ƙarshen bayanan na iya zama cikakke (alal misali, Golomyanka, Baikal omul).
Dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, a yau cikin jerin nau'ikan da ke cikin hadari da cutarwa a cikin kasar mu sama da 70.
Abubuwan da ke cikin kwari
Wannan jeri ya ƙunshi nau'ikan huɗu: Daurian hedgehog, muskrat na Rasha, mohair na Jafana, ƙwararren masaniya.
Jemagu
Akwai wakilai bakwai na ɓoye a cikin Littafin Jagora: ƙaramar kamfani, mai ɗaukar dawakai, babban dutsen dawakansu, hasken rana mai haske, haske mai launi uku, gilashin maraice mai haske, babban fikafikai na yau da kullun.
Sandan ruwa
Speciesabi'u bakwai na ƙwaƙwalwa suna cikin jerin masu rauni: tarbagan (marong Mongolian), Baikal Black-capped marmot, Yammacin Siberian da Tuvan reshe of beaver, giant mole rat, Manchu zocor, pied yellow.
Tsarkaka
A cikin littafin Red na Rasha, wannan, rashin alheri ne, jerin abubuwa masu yawa, wanda ya hada da ra'ayoyi da yawa daga gida daya lokaci daya:
- karnuka: Arnovsky arctic fox, ja wolf,
- bearish: polar bear,
- cunyi: Transbaikal solongoy, Amur steppe polecat, Caucasian Turai mink, ligation, Caucasian otter, teku otter,
- feline: Bishiyar gandun daji, bishiyar ciyawa, bishiyar ciyawa, manul, damisa Amur, damisa ta gabas, Kusa da gabashin damisa, damisa.
Pinnipeds
Wannan dangi, ta hanyar laifin 'yan Adam, ya riga ya sha wahala mai yawa, kuma yanzu jinsuna tara a Rasha kadai suna kan ƙarshen lalata daga fuskar duniya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: zakin teku, reshen Atlantika da Laptev na walruses, ƙasashen Turai da Kuril na sananniyar hatimin, Baltic da Ladoga sune keɓaɓɓun hatimi, da kuma Baltic da Atlantika masu alamar launin toka.
'Yan Cetaceans
Mafi yawan cadastre a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Ana daukar nau'ikan da nau'ikan masu zuwa masu rauni ne: farin fari-Atlanti, fararen fata da dabbar dolphins, dabbar dollose, Arewacin Atlantika, Arewacin Pacific da Black Sea subspecies of porpoises, small kler whale, narwhal, ƙaramar-ƙugun buɗe ido, kifin Jafananci, kifin whale da sauransu.
Suturta
An jera dokin Przhevalsky da haɗuwa a cikin littafin Red.
KawaIna
Wannan jeri ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 11 da nau'ikan dabbobi: Sakhalin musk deer, Ussuri sika deer, Novaya Zemlya da reshe na daji na reindeer, dzeren, bison, Amur goral, bezoar goat, Altai dutse rago, Yakut da Putoran subspecies of ram.
Kamar yadda kake gani, jerin nau'ikan da aka jera a cikin Littafin Lissafi suna da yawa sosai. Koyaya, wasu nau'in suna ƙarƙashin kariya ta musamman. Zamuyi magana game da su da matakan kiyayewa da aka ɗauka a ƙasa.
Kariya na nau'ikan dabbobi masu haɗari da haɗari
Daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi mafi girma a duniya shine WWF (WWF). Asusun bai bari ba tare da kulawa da matsalar 'yan dabbobin dake cikin hatsari a Rasha ba. Yanzu ana aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa a lokaci daya.
Amig tiger
Mutumin da ya kashe mai rauni bashi da iko kafin kisan mutane. A karshen karni na 20, lamarin ya zama mawuyacin hali, adadin Tiger din ya ragu kadan saboda laifin malamai. Ya zuwa 2005, tare da halartar WWF, yana yiwuwa a ƙara yawan haɓakar Tiger zuwa mutane 450, kuma bayan shekaru goma adadin ya kai 540. A lokaci guda, an ɗauki matakan fadada wuraren da aka kare a cikin mazaunin tiger, kuma a yau kusan 25% na “tiger ƙasar” suna cikin yankin tsaro. Koyaya, wannan bai isa ba: haɓakar matasa shine galibi ana tilasta shi neman yankin "nasa" a cikin yankunan da ba shi da kariya ta taiga, iyakokin da, ta hanyar, suna raguwa saboda gandun daji.
Aikin farko na kare damin Amur shine samar da isasshen yanki mai tsaro, da abinci.
Reindeer
Yawan wannan dabbar, wacce ita ce mafi mahimmanci ga muhalli, tana raguwa cikin hanzari: idan shekaru 50 da suka gabata adadin ya kasance mutane kusan 1,500,000, yanzu bai kai mutum dubu 1 ba. zuwa mawuyacin hali.
WWF, tare da sabis na yanki, suna kai hari kan masu bautar yau da kullun kuma suna aiki don haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a.
Harshen Warin Atlanta
Rage murfin kankara a cikin Arctic da kullun "m" akan rafukan Arctic na kamfanonin mai suna zama babban bala'i ga walruses. Godiya ga ayyukan WWF na shekaru 8 da suka gabata, yana yiwuwa ayi nazarin yawan jama'a da salon rayuwarsu sosai.
Don jawo hankalin mutane da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu ga matsalolin karatu da kiyaye tsari na musamman, a cikin 2007 WWF ta kafa hutu ta duniya - Ranar Walrus.
Polar bear
An jera wannan nau'in ba kawai a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha ba, har ma a cikin rajistar jinsunan IUCN masu rauni. Koyaya, masu fajirci, gurbacewar yanayi da dumamar yanayi na ci gaba da rage yawan ƙangin da suka rigaya.
WWF ta shiga cikin kirkirar "Ka'ida don Adana Tsarin Polar a cikin Tarayyar Rasha", kuma shekaru da yawa Asusun yana gudana cikin shirin Bear Patrol, da nufin hana rikice-rikice tsakanin bear da mutum. Tare da taimakon WWF, ana gudanar da balaguro don yin rikodi da kuma kula da bear mutane daban-daban.
Leopard na Asiya ta Tsakiya
Maƙaddara da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha shine baƙon da ya fi dacewa a cikin yankin Arewacin Caucasus. Wannan kuma ya faru ne ta hanyar tasirin dan adam: kisan gungun yawa da damisa ya fara ne a karni na 19, kuma a karshen karni na 20, kuturtar ta gushe gaba daya daga yankin Kaucasus na kasar Rasha.
A 2006, "Ma'aikatar don maido da (sake farfadowa) daga damisa ta Gabas-Asiya a cikin Caucasus" Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa ta Rasha ta haɗu tare da haɗin gwiwar WWF da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha. A cikin 2016, an saki mutane uku na farko zuwa cikin daji daga cikin gandun daji. A cikin 2018, ƙarin dangi uku sun shiga tare da su. Ana kulawa dasu koyaushe.
Baƙon sa kaɗai a cikin Turai da ya tsira har zuwa yau. Godiya ga shekaru masu yawa na kokarin, yawan bison da ke kusan yanzu yana da damar samun ceto. Thearshen ƙarni na 20 kusan hallaka bijimin Turai, harbi ya tsaya kawai a 2000.
Farkon "Tsarin Bison Conservation a Rasha", wanda aka shirya tare da halartar WWF, Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Rasha ta Tarayya ta amince da su a 2002. A halin yanzu, an shirya bugu na biyu na Dabarun.
WWF Russia ta goyi bayan ƙirƙirar yawan jama'a a ɓangaren Turai na ƙasar. A yau, bishiyoyi sama da 500 ke kiwo anan kyauta. WWF-Russia yanzu tana dawo da yawan bison a cikin Arewacin Caucasus: akwai ƙungiyoyin bison masu zaman kansu guda biyu a cikin yankin, waɗanda adadinsu ya wuce mutane 100.
Leopard Snow
Wataƙila mafi ƙarancin farautattun abubuwa a duniyar tamu - damisa dusar ƙanƙara - ba wai kawai kyakkyawa ba ce, har ma wata dabba ce da ba kasada ba. A cikin ƙasashe waɗanda an ɗauki yankirsu mazaunin dusar ƙanƙara, an jera su a cikin Littattafai. Babu mutane sama da 4,000 da suka rage a duka duniyar tamu. Adadin gemu na dusar ƙanƙara a Rasha shine kashi 1-2% na yawan mutanen duniya. Dangane da kimantawar WWF, a wani sashe na Rashanci na Altai-Sayan akwai kimanin damuke da dusar kankara 70-90
A shekara ta 2002, a cikin shirin WWF Russia, "Ma'aikatar Tsare Tsarin dusar kankara a Rasha", Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa na Tarayyar Rasha ta amince da ita. An inganta sabon tsarin "dabarun" a 2014.
Asusun Kula da Namun daji, tare da wasu kungiyoyi, suna kokarin kawar da masu farautar namun daji a cikin mazaunin dusar kankara kuma harma suna kirkiro shirye-shirye don shigar da tsoffin mafarauta a ayyukan kare dabbobi. Har ila yau ana ci gaba da aiki don sarrafa dabbobin daji, wadanda sune manyan abincin da damisa.
Dabbobin daji shine sarkar guda ɗaya, saboda haka asarar hanyar haɗi bazai iya shafar ƙarfin silsilar ba. Theonawa da kowane nau'in na ɗauke da sakamako wanda hakan zai shafi yanayin. Don kiyaye daidaitaccen ma'auni, wanda tasirin ɗan adam ya rigaya ya girgiza, dole ne muyi faɗa don kare yanayi gaba ɗaya don adana nau'in dabbobi da tsirrai masu haɗari.
Ta yaya za a taimaki nau'ikan dabbobi da aka jera a cikin littafin Red?
Da farko, yana da mahimmanci a taimaka a yada bayanai game da lamarin da kuma matakan da ake buƙatar ɗauka. Abu na biyu, zaku iya shiga cikin masu sa kai. Abu na uku, bayar da gudummawa ga asusu.
WWF ya kasance da farko akan gudummawa da son rai wanda aka kasafta don gaggawa da buƙatun na yanzu. Dabbobin suna buƙatar magunguna, alluran rigakafi, ƙwararrun suna buƙatar tarko na kyamara, kuma ƙungiyoyin anti-poaching squads suna buƙatar kayan aiki. Hatta mafi ƙarancin gudummawa yana taimakawa don dawo da wani ɓangare na farashin, kuma abubuwan gudummawar da aka haɗo sun fassara zuwa manyan kuɗi. A lokaci guda, ba za ku iya ba da gudummawar kuɗi kawai ba, amma saya kyawawan kayayyaki da kyaututtuka ga dangi: thermoses, mundaye da kayan wasa tare da alamun Asusun. Godiya ga taimakon dubban mutane, WWF tana da damar kare yanayi a kowane lokaci na rana, a duk ranakun mako da kuma yanayi.
Raman rago
Dabbobin suna zaune ne a Yammacin Siberiya, a Chukotka da Kamchatka. Sun hau kankara da dutse, wanda ke zama kariya daga azzalumai. Abokan ƙabilar halitta sune Wolverine da kyarkeci. Hornsa'idodin ƙaho ana ɗaukar ganima mai farauta, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa adadin nau'ikan suka faɗa cikin raguwa sosai. A yau, ana samun tumaki mafi girma a yankuna masu kariya.
Narwhal
Dabbobi daga dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda ke zaune a tekun Arctic. Lokacin farin ciki mai narkewa daga lokacin sanyi na narkewa. Ta yin amfani da fauna, suna yin ramuka masu ƙoshin iska a cikin kankara. Babban tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine mollusks da crustaceans, da kuma nau'in kifayen ƙasa. Ba a san takamaiman lambar ba. Babban abubuwanda ke rage yawan mutane sune gurbatar teku, barkewa, tsinkaya.
Rufin Harbor
Dabbobin suna zaune a cikin dukkan tekuna kusa da Tekun Arctic. Wuraren da aka fi so sune wuraren biya da wuraren kariya daga iska. Kisan kifi da kifayen bayyane abokan gaba ne na like. Yawan adana yana raguwa sakamakon satar dabbobi, gurbatar teku, gami da ayyukan mutane sosai a yankin bakin teku.
Bakar fata
Wannan nau'in halittar da ba kasafai yake zaune a Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya Tsuntsayen gida kuma suna ciyar da fadama, a cikin tuddai da kwari. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine berries, Tushen, tsirrai.Rage fadama, gurbatar da ruwa, lalata, da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin ayyukan tattalin arziƙi suna da tasiri ga raguwar alumma.
Sterkh
Dabbobin dabbobi masu tarin yawa suna zaune ne kawai a kudanci Yammacin Siberiya. Tsuntsu ya fi son a shirya masauki a cikin taiga swamps. Abincin abinci shine tsire-tsire, ɓawon burodi, ƙwayoyin dabbobi. Raguwar yawan mutanen na da nasaba da bushewar jikin ruwa da gurbacewar muhalli a Rasha.
Rieraurawar ƙura
Tsuntsu zaune a Gabashin Turai da Tsakiyar Asiya. Peaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafafun yana yin sheƙun dama a ƙasa, a tsakanin maɓoran itace. Yana cin nasara a kan jijiyoyi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kananan tsuntsaye. Yawan jama'a na gab da karewa saboda raguwar wadataccen abinci.
Farin ruwan teku
Tsuntsayen gida a gabar tekun Tekun Arctic. Abinda ke yanke hukunci a rayuwar tsuntsaye shine wadatar abinci. Gashin teku ya ci crustaceans da kifi. Masana kimiyya basu da yarjejeniya kan rage yawan jinsin. An yi tunanin cewa gurbatar muhalli, kashe-kashe da kuma dumamar yanayi suna shafar alumma.
Baki mai daɗewa
Yankin wannan tsuntsu mai ƙaura shine Alaska, Norway, Finland, Arewacin Amurka da arewacin Rasha. Loon nests a cikin tundra yankin da kuma a kan tabkuna. Babban dalilin raguwar yawan mutane da ƙaura zuwa arewa shine karuwar yawon shakatawa da aikin kamun mutane a yankin bakin teku. Waterfowl ya fada cikin raga na masunta kuma ya mutu a cikinsu. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin damuwa ba su daɗe a kan mazauninsu ba na dogon lokaci. Qwai na loon su ma mabudan abinci ne ga masu farautar.
Abubuwa masu rarrafe
Tilean dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin Rasha ana wakilta fiye da nau'ikan 70, wanda kusan 2o an jera su a cikin littafin Red. Ana samun su galibi a cikin gandun daji da kuma gefen bankunan jikin ruwa. Babban dalilan marasa kyau ga dabbobi masu rarrafe sune halittar wuraren ajiye dabbobi, lalata yankin bakin teku da guguwar daji. Haɓaka yawan dabbobi don abin da masu rarrafe ke zama tushen abinci shine zai haifar da barazanar rage lambobin su.
Yankin Gabas Skink
Yankin yana yankin tsibirin Kuril na Kunashir. Ana iya samun maganin zazzabin a gefen bankunan koguna, a bakin gandun daji. Skink sau da yawa yana amfani da wasu ramuka na mutane, a yayin da harin zai iya tashi daga abokan gaba. Dalilin raguwar yawan mutane shine ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam da tsinkaya daga mink na Turai.
Kifi na yau da kullun
Wani nau'in maciji mai saurin rayuwa yana zaune a kudu maso yammacin Siberiya da Caucasus. Ana samun baƙin ƙarfe a gefuna na rana yana ɗumi da ƙasan. Tana ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba cikin burushin sauran dabbobi. Asalin abinci shine zakoki, kajin da macizai. Babban abin iyakance shine amfani da magungunan kashe qwari. Mutane kan kashe waɗannan macizai marasa galihu, da yarda cewa masu guba ne.
Gyurza
Ana samun macijin a cikin Caucasus. Gubarsa yana lalata tsarin sel jini, saboda haka dabbar tana da mutuƙar mutuwa. Gyurza ya ci macizai, zakoki da macizai. Mutum ya fi shafar raguwar yawan jama'a. Ya kan kashe macizai saboda fata, wanda yake da ƙimar ado. Abokan halitta su ne tsuntsaye masu farauta.
Amphibians
Karami mafi karancin nau'in sikandire a cikin kasar, yawansu yakai kusan 30. Matsayi na amphibians yana da wuya a wuce gona da iri: suna cin kwari, waɗanda ke kwari ko masu ɗaukar cututtuka daban-daban. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jinsunan amphibians a Rasha suna cikin yanayin barazanar, kuma an jera su a cikin littafin Red.
Triton Karelina
Dabbobin suna zaune a cikin gonar Krasnodar, Dagestan da Adygea. Fiye da mazauninsu shine gandun daji na itacen oak, makiyaya masu tsayi da kuma wuraren da ruwa ya mamaye. Raguwar lambobi yana da alaƙar kai tsaye zuwa ga magudanar ruwan jikin. A yau, jinsunan suna zaune a yankuna na gonakin Krasnodar.
Reed toad
Dabbobin suna zaune a cikin ƙasar Karelia. Juarjin juba yana zaune a ƙarshen gandun daji, makiyaya da fadama. Sakamakon haɓaka sabbin yankuna don ayyukan tattalin arziki, mutum ya lalata adadi mai yawa na amphibians. An yi sa'a, nau'in sun sake haifarwa sosai a zaman talala.
Ussuri ya murƙushe sabo
Wannan sabo yana zaune ne a Yankin Gabas. Yana zaune a cikin rafuffukan sanyi da kan rafin kogi. Shading wata bukata ce ta rayuwa. Amphibians suna da matukar damuwa ga canje-canje na rashin lafiyar ɗan adam a mazauninsu. A halin yanzu, Ussuri clawed sabont yana samuwa a cikin ajiyar Asara ta Gabashin.
Yawan kifin ya ragu sosai a rabi na biyu na karni na XX. Dalilin kuwa ya kasance dalilai kamar kama ba a sarrafawa, gina madatsun ruwa, katse katako, hakar ma'adanan kayayyakin gini, jigilar kayayyaki, gami da gurbatar da gawarwakin ruwa tare da sharar masana'antu. Yawancin yawancin nau'ikan kifayen kasuwanci na Rasha suna da matuƙar raguwa.
Harshen Tekun Atlantika
Mazaunin ruwa shine ruwan Baltic da Bahar Maliya, suna wanke bakin tekun Rasha. Kifin ya ciyar da hamsa da herring. Babban abinda ke haifar da nau'in halittar shine kama mutane. Yawan jama'a sun yi taɓarɓar saboda gurɓatar jikin ruwa da ginin ruwa.
Kayan ruwan kasa
Kifi na zaune a cikin Caspian, Barents, Black and Baltic Seas. Trout ya fi son rafukan sanyi masu sauri. Kifi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ingancin ruwa kuma wannan shine babban dalilin rage ruwa. Babban yawan mutanen ya kuma cutar da yawan kamawar.
Chineseasar Sinanci
A Rasha, wannan kifin yana zaune a ƙasan ƙananan kogin Amur da Ussuri. Maharbi ya zauna cikin tashoshin jikin ruwa. Tushen abinci shine ƙananan kifin da ba kasuwanci ba. Manyan dalilan da suka sa aka samu raguwar yawan mutane shi ne yawan kamun da aka samu yayin tsallakewar kasar Sin. Yawancin matasa dabbobi suna mutuwa saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki. Gurbatawar ruwan jikin mutane sakamakon ayyukan dan adam ya kuma haifar da tasiri sosai ga yawan mazaunan yankin.
Kwayoyin cuta
Kwaro ne rukuni mafi girma na dabbobi a duniya. Kimiyya ta san nau'ikan kwari sama da miliyan, kuma wataƙila yawancin miliyoyin jinsuna suna jiran majagaba. Yawancin mutane suna da mummunan ra'ayi game da kwari, saboda suna ciji, suna lalata amfanin gona kuma suna yada cututtuka. Koyaya, waɗannan halittun sune mahimman haɗin haɗi a cikin sarkar abinci. Dubun dubunnan nau'ikan kwari suna zaune a Rasha, waɗanda kusan kashi ɗari kawai aka jera su a cikin littafin farko.
Tagulla mai Santsi
Kwaro yana zaune a tsakiyar Rasha. Ronarancin yumɓu kuma yana rayuwa a cikin tsoffin dazuzzukan daji-deciduous daji. Larvae pupate a cikin ɓarna na kututture. Irin ƙwaro da kansu ke ciyar da ruwan itace. Raguwar yawan jama'a ta shafi mutuwar tsoffin bishiyoyi, gandun daji, gobara da gurbata masana'antu.
Abinda ya fi faruwa sanadiyyar lalacewar dabbobi a Rasha da ma duniya baki daya shine aikin ɗan adam. Farauta da ba a sarrafawa, guguwar guguwar, gurɓata teku, dumamar yanayi - duk wannan yana barazana ga yawancin nau'ikan fauna. Sakamakon raguwar dabbobi masu yawa, yanayin hana haifuwar mutane da kuma daidaita yanayin halittun gaba daya.