Wannan babban babban kifin ne, wani bangare na dangin da ake kiwon. In ba haka ba, ana kiran shi bonito, farar fata, baƙar fata, mackerel, har ma da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa ita zuriyar tsohuwar nau'in Isurus hastilus ne, wanda wakilansa suka kai mita shida a tsayi kuma sun auna kimanin tan uku. Wannan nau'in kifayen kifayen sun wanzu a Cretaceous lokaci guda tare da plesiosaurs da ichthyosaurs.

Wadannan magabatan ana samunsu a kusan dukkan ruwayen tekuna mai daɗaɗɗa da kuma na wurare masu zafi. Basu taba kasancewa a wurin ba, suna ƙetare tekun a zahiri “nesa da faɗi”. Ta hanyar yin alamar gargajiya, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa mako a hankali yana rufe nisan nisan daga 500 zuwa 4,000 kilomita.

Ana ganin Mako yana da haɗari ga mutane, saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan kifayen kifaye masu ha'inci. Ba ta ɓatar kusan kusan ganima da hare-hare, koda kuwa ta cika. Mako shark jaws wani makami ne mai kisa, yayin da kifin da kansa ke haɓaka da sauri, saboda haka ana ɗaukar shi ɗayan mafi hatsarin maganan ruwa.

Wannan maharbi mai tsoron Allah ya dauki matsayin “mai daraja” a cikin jerin manyan yankuna masu hatsarin gaske ga mutane. A lokaci guda, tana iya zama jagora cikin sauƙi, amma yanayi ya tabbatar cewa ta zaunar da ita a cikin ruwayoyin ruwa, inda yuwuwar haduwa da mutane kadan ne. Kamar dai ana son gyara wannan kulawa, ɗayan Mako shark ya nitse cikin Tekun Arewa a 2003. A cikin watanni 3 kawai, ta sami damar kai hari ga mutane 15 (aƙalla), sannan kuma cikin nutsuwa suka shiga cikin ruwan bude.

Yawancin lokuta na mako mako-mako mai shark a cikin mutane sanannu ne a cikin kwale-kwale ko ma a bakin teku kuma an san su. Don haka, a cikin 1956, ba da nisa daga Puerto Rico, wani lamari mai ban sha'awa ya faru. Manaya daga cikin masunta na gida ta sami nasarar harpoon mako, amma ta tsere, ta juya ta kai hari kan mai laifin. Mafarautan sun yi tsalle kai tsaye zuwa gabar gaci kuma tuni can ya yi ƙoƙarin kama wani mutum.

Kuma wannan ya yi nesa da batun shaidar Mako kawai da aka rubuta. An sani cewa wannan shark din ba shi da tsada idan an tashi daga cikin ruwa kwatsam sai an kama mutum da yake tsaye a gefen jirgin ruwan ya tare shi. Koyaya, saboda adalci, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mai tilastawa wani lokaci ana tilasta shi yin wannan hanyar: ana ɗaukarsa kyakkyawan abu ne don kamun kifi.

Magoya bayan irin wannan kamun kifi musamman sun yaba mako domin iya ƙarfin aikinta na tsayayya da kamawa. Bayan da ta haɗiye ƙugiyar, sai ta yi tsalle mai tsayi 6 mita tsayi, ya raunana kuma ya sake jawo layin kamun kifi, don ta iya haɗuwa da masuniyar ba zato kuma ta yunƙura ta zama ganima. Nasara a kan irin wannan abokin gaba mai ƙarfi ana yaba musamman. Af, Hemingway ya kama babban ɗan mako mai shark a lokaci guda: kifin sa ya kai kilo 357.

Amma wannan ya yi nesa da iyaka na mako: matsakaicin matsakaicin girman mata shine 3.8 m tare da nauyin 570 kg. Maza kadan basu da yawa: nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 60-135, kuma girmansu ya wuce 3.2 m. Babban wakilin nau'in halittar da yake da tsawon jiki ya kai 4.45 m da aka kama a bakin Tekun Faransa a 1973. Koyaya, masana kimiyya basu da hanzari don ba ta dabino, saboda a ƙarshen 50s, an kama Mako Shark wanda ya fi girma girma: kuna yin hukunci da hoto, tsawonsa ya kai 5.85 m.

Shen siliki na mako mai sauƙi ne a gaɓoɓin biyu kuma yana fasalluwar ƙyallen dorsal, ƙarar "wutsiya" da tafin kai. Launi kusan fararen fata ne a ciki da launin shuɗi-shudi ko shuɗi mai duhu a bango.

Dukkanin jikin jiki ya dace sosai don motsawa cikin babban gudu. Mako shine ya fi dukkan jinsuna shark fata. Wannan mai yin iyo da ba ta iya rikicewa ya sami damar yin tsalle-tsalle har zuwa tsayi 6 a tsayi!

Babban abinci ga mako mai shark shine matsakaici da kuma manyan makarantu na garken. Wannan shine farkon herring, sardine, mackerel, mackerel, tuna. Daga cikin sunayen mafarautan da aka zama gama gari a yankuna daban daban sune mackerel da shark herring shark, wanda ke nuna fifikon dandano. Baya ga jinsunan da aka lissafa a sama, abincin har ila yau ya haɗa da squids da dorinar ruwa, babban hatsi (kuma mai haɗari sosai) kifin kifin, wasu kifayen kifaye, kunkuru da ba manya manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba.

Mako sharks an haifeshi ta hanyar oviposition. Amfrayo suna ciyarwa akan gwaiduwa da ƙwaiƙwai waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba (ƙwayoyin ciki na ciki). A cikin zuriyar dabbobi daga 4 zuwa 30 (a kan matsakaici daga 10 zuwa 18) jarirai waɗanda ke da kusan cm 70. Yawan adadin zuriyar dabbobi yana daidaitawa da girman mahaifiyar. Matsakaicin maza da mata tsakanin kifayen kifayen da aka kama a cikin sharudan sharki a bakin gabar KwaZulu-Natal ya bambanta daga 0.6: 1 zuwa 2.5: 1 dangane da yanayin. Gabaɗaya, maza suna cin nasara duk shekara ban da lokacin daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu. Daga cikin sharks 171, rabo daga maza zuwa ga mata ya kasance 1.4: 1.

A cikin hemispheres guda biyu, aiki yawanci yakan faru ne daga ƙarshen hunturu zuwa tsakiyar lokacin zafi. A cewar kimomi a bakin bakin KwaZulu-Natal, aiki yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen bazara (ƙarshen watan Nuwamba), kuma ma'ajin yana faruwa a faɗuwar (Maris zuwa Yuni). Tsawan ciki na kimanin watanni 15-18. An yi imanin cewa mace ba ta yin takin a cikin watanni 18 bayan bayyanar 'yan' ya 'yan, bayan haka kuma ta sake samar da kwai kuma tana jiran matsewa. A cikin maza manya, ana ganin canjin yanayi a cikin ma'aunin gonadosomatic (ƙaddarar gonad zuwa taro na jiki) ana lura dashi, a cikin hunturu ya fi lokacin bazara. A cikin mata manya, gonadosomatic index yayi daidai da ma'anar ƙasan hepatosomatic (rabo na hanta zuwa taro na jiki): a cikin daidaikun mutane tare da manyan ƙwayoyin fata, hanta hanta ya fi girma.

Nazarin da aka yi a shekara ta 2006 ya musanta bayanai marasa inganci da suka gabata game da shekaru da girman matattun sharks mako da ke zaune a Arewacin Atlantika. Dangane da wannan binciken, an rubuta matsakaicin shekarun rayuwa a cikin namiji tsawon shekaru 2.60 - shekaru 29 da haihuwa kuma a cikin wata mace 3.35 m - shekaru 32. 50% na maza sun isa balaga lokacin da suke shekaru 8 tare da tsawon 1.85 m, da 50% na mata masu shekaru 18 tare da tsawon shekaru 2.75 m. Nazarin da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2009 ya tabbatar da wannan bayanan.

Dangantaka dangantakar juyin halitta ta Makar Shark da sauran nau'ikan kifayen yankuna na zamani. Magabatan wannan rukunin ya kasance mai yiwuwa Isurolamna inflata, wanda yayi rayuwa shekaru miliyan 65-55 da suka gabata kuma yana da ƙananan kunkuntar hakora tare da gefuna mai laushi da hakoran ƙarshe biyu. A cikin wannan dangi, akwai wani yunƙurin faɗaɗa hakora yayin juyin halitta, da kuma yin aiki da haɓaka haɓaka danginsu, wanda ke nuna canji daga aikin haƙoran hakora zuwa yanko. Ya bambanta da wannan salon, hakoran mako shark ba su katse.

A shekara ta 2012, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Florida sun wallafa kwatankwacin jaws da hakoran sharhin Carcharodon hubbelliruen. Ana ganin wannan nau'in a matsayin tsaka-tsakin yanayi tsakanin makogin sharks da farin Shark. An gano wadannan burbushin ne a shekarar 1988 a cikin Tsarin Pisco na kasar Peru, an kiyasta shekarun su yakai kimanin shekaru miliyan 6.5.

Har izuwa yanzu, ba a samar da wata hanya ba don ɗauka da kuma haifar da ɗaukar hoto yanko-mako. Tsakanin dukkan nau'in kifayen kifayen da aka yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye su, sharrin Mako yana da kyakkyawar makoma, har ma idan aka kwatanta shi da dogayen fuka-falle, shuɗi da farar fata, waɗanda su ma ke da wahalar kiyayewa. Mafi dadewa (kwanaki 5) shark na wannan nau'in sun rayu a cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin New Jersey. A wannan yanayin, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙoƙarin da suka gabata, dabbar ta shiga cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin yanayi mai kyau, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara dokewa ta bangon, ta ƙi abinci, da sauri ta raunana kuma ta mutu.

Wannan magabatan bashi da abokai. Kuna iya yiwa masu alamar kifin, makale da matukan jirgi. Na farkon suna taimakawa duk masu farauta su kawar da cututtukan fata da suke haɗa kan ƙyallen kuma suna ciyar da ɓoyayyun fata. Amma game da makiya, a zahiri ba shi da su. Shark din yayi kokarin gujewa kawai dangin sa manya da kifayen makaranta. Misali, idan dabbar dolphin a kanta zata iya zama ganima, sannan garken su zasu iya fitar da mai kare daga mazauninsa.

Ba a gudanar da kamun kifin da gangan, wani lokacin shi ma da kansa ya kama sa cikin raga, yana faɗin ganima. Koyaya, za'a iya lura da naman mako mai daɗi. Wannan kifin shark, kamar kowane nau'in herring, ya dace da abinci. Amma wasu gabobin ciki da ƙasan su na da ƙima. Hankalin wannan magabatan abinci ne mai ɗanɗano.

Babban bala'i wanda Makar shark ya shiga, hoton da za'a iya gani a wannan labarin, ya faru ne kusa da gabar tekun Australia a tsakiyar karni na 20. Masunta huɗun sun aminta cikin babban jirgin ruwa. Nan da nan sai wani fakitin mako ya same su. Mutane sun yi ƙoƙarin iyo a bakin ruwa, amma wani maharfin ya lalata gefen jirgin ruwan kuma masunta suna cikin ruwa. Oneayansu kaɗai ne suka sami damar sauka lafiya, sauran sun tsage kuma suka ci abinci masu lalata da jini.

Mako ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin labarin almara da rayuwar yau da kullun na kabilun Oceania. Sunan wadannan mafarautan sun fito ne daga yaren mazaunan New Zealand, Maori. A ɗayan yare na yare, kalmar "mako" tana nufin kowane ɗan shark. A cikin wasu yarukan Polynesian, suna iri ɗaya suna iri ɗaya daidai - mango, mao, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, wani lokacin yana da wuyar fahimta ko tambaya ce ta mako ko sharks gabaɗaya.

Bayan haka, takamaiman bayani ba zai iya danganta da wasu nau'in ba. Don haka, alal misali, a kan wasu tsibirin da ke karɓar hadayun tsibiri ana karɓa Kamun kifi dole ne ya ba da ɗan abin kamfe zuwa ga sharks. Idan bai aikata hakan ba, to tabbas masu kare hakkin za su dauki fansa a gaba. A lokaci guda, har ma da whitean fararen fage a waɗancan sassan sun zama shaidu na lokuta lokacin da dabbar da ke fusata ta bugi pies, suna "ɗaukar" mazaunan ƙasar kai tsaye daga hukumar. Wannan halin shine mafi yawan halayyar mako.

A lokaci guda, ba za a iya cewa waɗannan sharks suna haifar da mummunan abin tsoro ba a tsakanin Polynesia. Wasu kabilu sun sami nasarar farautarsu. A lokaci guda, ativesan asalin gari kan yi amfani da wasu lokuta na musamman don kada su lalata mafi mahimman sassan jikin magabcin daga ra'ayinsu.

Don haka, haƙoran hakoran gaban mako, waɗanda ake amfani dasu don yin kayan ado, ana ɗaukarsu da mahimmanci musamman. Don dalilan abin da suka farauto, daredevils suna kama maƙaryata a cikin madaukai na musamman. Idan kayi amfani da ƙugiya na gargajiya tare da koto, to tabbas wataƙila haƙoran hakora suna kakkarye.

Bayyanar

A tsayin daka, yawanci wannan kifin mai cin gashin kansa ya kai mita 3.2, yayin da yake nauyin kilo 260-280. Amma galibi ana samun daidaikun mutane masu tsawon mita 4 da nauyin kilogram 450-520. Mata suna da girma fiye da maza. An kama mafi tsayi samfurin a shekarar 1973 kusa da gabar tekun kudancin Faransa. Girman mai ƙaddara ya kasance 1 ton, tsawon - mita 4.45. Babu wata shaida game da wanzuwar samfuran manya.

Mako Shark

Jikin mako shark ya kasance mai silima. A saman fata yana da launin shuɗi mai duhu, ciki yana da fari. Tare da shekaru, launin launi yan duhu yayi duhu. Guguwar tana da sifa da sihiri mai zurfi, ƙananan ɓangarorinta fari ne. Kifayen matasa suna da takamaiman wuri na baki a ƙarshen mucks, wanda ya ɓace tare da shekaru. Yana da manyan idanu. Fin fin dorsal fin girma ne, cincin bayan gida yayi karami, fin fin na yar matsakaici ne. Siffar tafin caudal tana kama da jinjirin wata tare da kusan madaidaicin ƙananan ragwaye da na sama. Tana da haƙoran hakora masu kaifi waɗanda suke bayyane koda lokacin bakin kifin ya rufe.

Kiwo

Mako shark kifi ne mai rai. Balagagge yakan faru ne a tsawon jiki na mita 2.7 a cikin mata da kuma mita 1.9 a cikin maza. Tsawan lokacin daukar ciki shine watanni 15. Abincin abinci don tayi ne qwai wanda ba a sanya shi cikin mahaifa. Daga 4 zuwa 18 ana haifan faranti, wanda tsawonsa yakai cm 70. Balaguro mai zuwa tana faruwa bayan shekaru 1.5-2.

Halayya da Abinci

Abincin magabaci ya ƙunshi babban kifi - mackerel, tuna, fisfish. Kifin kifayen zai iya yin tsawon sa har zuwa mita 3 da nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 600 kuma ana iya kwatanta shi da girman kifin kansa. Tana ƙoƙarin yaƙar mako, amma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a kayar da ita, tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi.

Hakoran sharks sun inganta rayuwarsu, a kullun ana sabunta su.

Mako yana kai hari daga ƙasa yana cizo kusa da fin ɗin caudal, as wannan shine inda tsohuwar vertebrae da manyan gidajen abinci suke. Wannan yana cutar da wanda aka azabtar, yana mai bashi taimako.

Sauran kifayen kifayen dolphins na iya zama ganima. Amma babban abincin (kusan kashi 70% na abincin) shine tuna - ɗayan kifin mafi sauri, wanda saurinsa zai iya kaiwa 70 km / h. Amma Mako Shark ta kama ta sannan kuma ta sake tabbatar da ingantacciyar bayanan saurin ta.

Dangantaka da mutum

Tun da magabaci yana zaune a cikin teku, wani hari kan mutum kusa da bakin teku abu ne mai wahala. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, an yi rahoton hare-hare 42, wanda 8 daga cikinsu masu rai ne. Haka kuma, an sami jerin hare-hare 20 kan kwale-kwalen masunta. Wannan ya faru ne daga masunta da kansu, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kama mako shark ko kuma suka ji rauni kuma wannan ya haifar da martani. Mutumin bashi da sha'awar wannan kifin na kifi ta hanyar tsarin halittar sa - yana da kasusuwa da yawa, kuma kifin yana bukatar nama da mai.

Tarurrukan shiga cikin teku tare da ɗan poppy babban haɗari ne ga mutum.

Yana rayuwa kaɗan a cikin fursuna, har zuwa kwanaki 5, sannan ya mutu, saboda ya ci komai kuma ya raunana da sauri. Sharks suna buƙatar teku, sarari da motsi kyauta, inda zaku iya nuna ƙarfi da kuzari. Mako yana cikin jerin kariyar yankuna masu wucewa. Har yanzu yawan jama’ar suna da zaman lafiya kuma baya haifar da damuwa tsakanin kwararru.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.