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Bandicoots
Maɗaukaki Bandicoot ( Yankin bougainville )
Tsarin kimiyya

Mulkin:

Eumetazoi

Infraclass:

Marsupials

Squad:

Bandicoots

Sunan kimiyya na duniya

Peramelia
Alamar
Perameloidea

Bandicoots , ko marsupial badgers (lat. Peramelemorphia) - ƙaura daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna zaune a Australia da New Guinea.

Waɗannan dabbobin ƙasa ne na ƙanana da matsakaici, masu nauyi daga 140 g zuwa 2 kg (yawancin nau'in - 1 kg). Dukkan yan bindiga suna da doguwar zikiri da jikin mutum. Kunnuwa suna da girma. Wutsiya na bakin ciki. Kafafun hular sun fi gaban girma. Hannun gaba a cikin yawancin nau'ikan an daidaita su don digging, tare da madaidaiciyar maƙalai a yatsun II, III da IV, yatsunsu I da V ba su nan, ko ƙanana da kuma babu ma'ana. Yatsun II da III suna haɗe baki ɗaya, kodayake suna da falle daban. Bandicoots suna motsawa lokaci-lokaci, kamar kangaroo. Yawancin lokaci sukan sauka akan dukkan kafafu huɗu, sannan su kashe ƙasa da ƙaƙƙarfan hind. Ban da shi shine ƙarancin kwanan nan (a cikin 1920s) bandicoot mai cin gashin kansa, Chacapus ecaudatus.

Bandicoot-kamar suna da fasali guda biyu waɗanda ke rarrabe su da sauran ragowar marsupials:

3 nau'i-nau'i na ƙananan incisors, wanda ya haɗu da bandicuts tare da wasu incisors masu yawa-marsupials.
Syndactyly, rikicewar yatsun II da III, halayyar marsupials mai sau biyu (kangaroos, mahaifar gwaiwa, da sauransu)

Haɓakawar juyin halitta da alaƙar takaddama tare da wasu gungun marsupials har yanzu asiri ne.

Icungiyoyin farauta da bilby suna ciyar da kwari sosai, suna iya cin abincin tsirrai, kuma lokaci-lokaci, jijiyoyi da masu haɗari. Yawancin jinsuna suna tono abinci daga ƙasa. Yawancinsu ba su da rana. Jaka tana da haɓaka kuma tana buɗe baya.

Rarrabawa

Dangane da rarrabuwar da ta gabata, 'yan ta'adda da bilby sun kasu gida biyu - Peramelidae da Thylacomyidae. Daga baya, an haɗa su cikin Peramelidae iyali guda ɗaya, daga inda aka samo nau'ikan halittu da yawa, suna zaune a cikin New Guinea. An haɗaka na ƙarshe zuwa sabon gidan Peroryctidae. Dangane da rarrabewar zamani a cikin rukunin rukunin bandicoot 3 iyalai tare da haɓaka 8:

Tsarin dare da ƙasa

Dukkanin kungiyoyin yan bindiga sune dabbobin da basu dace ba wadanda suke jagorantar salon rayuwa. A lokacin rana, 'yan bindiga sukan yi barci a sheƙunsu, suna ɓoye a cikin ɓarna, tudun dajin, ko mahimmin burmi. Don kare gidajensu daga ruwan sama, wasu nau'ikan sanya su a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙasa. Tare da taimakon karfi a goshinsu, sai su tono rago a cikin ƙasa. A dare, dabbobi suna fita neman abinci.

'Yan tawaye' yan fashi sun fi yawa a jikin dabbobi, saboda suna da dabarun mahaifa. Ya zama ƙasa da su fiye da na dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma ba za su iya samar da ɗaukar tayi ba. Cutar ciki ba ta dadewa har ma idan aka kwatanta da sauran marsupials. Misali, lokacin haihuwar da ta yi kauri tsawon kwana 12 ne kacal. Wannan rikodin tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yawancin lokaci akwai sa 4a 4 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Bayan haihuwa, jariri ya hau cikin jakar mahaifiyar da ke buɗe a baya kuma ya “tsaya” ga ɗayan kan nono. Jariri bai fita daga cikin jaka ba har sai ya yi ƙarfi. Sannan ya fara neman abinci tare da mahaifiyarsa.

Kyakkyawan bilby

Bilby yana ɗayan kyawawan bandicoots. Yana da doguwar shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kyakkyawa fuska, baƙar fata da wutsiya, kunnuwansa kuma suna kama da kunnuwan zomo. Bilby yana zaune a cikin mawuyacin yanayin Central Australia. An samo shi a bisby a cikin tsirrai da ciyawa tare da shuki a kan yashi ko ciyawa, a yau an same shi ne kawai a cikin hamada a cikin ɓawon itacen Acacia da ciyawar ciyawa. A cikin wadannan yankuna maras tsayi, bilby bashi da damar samun ruwa. An tilasta masa samun babban danshi daga abinci - kwari, rhizomes, 'ya'yan itatuwa da namomin kaza. Bilby yana da karancin gani sosai kuma ya dogara da ƙanshi da ji don nemo abinci.

Idan wasu yan bindiga sun tono minkisu marasa zurfi, to, bilby yakan tono tsokoki tun daga nisan mil 3 kuma zurfin 1.8 a cikin wannan mazaunin yana zaune a cikin rana. Bilby suna zaune ita kaɗai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, wani lokacin tare da zuriyar manya.

Yawan bilby ya fara raguwa sosai a farkon karni na karshe. Dalilan wannan shine farauta, mafarauta, da kuma canjin mazauna wurin da gobarar ta haifar ta mutane, da kuma kiwo shanu da zomaye. Rage yawan zomaye da kuma kiyaye ɗumbin mazauna ta hanyar ƙona ciyayi zai taimaka wajen adana bilby. Zoologists ya ga danginsa na kusa, karamin zomo bilby (Macrotis leucura), sau shida kawai yana raye. Wataƙila wannan nau'in ya rigaya ya shuɗe.

Kogin bandicoot (Perameles eremiana), wanda aka samo a Tsakiyar Australiya har zuwa 1930, ana ɗauka cewa an ƙare. kuma an daidaita shi da rayuwa a cikin m, yashi wurare. Bandicoot mai cin gashin kansa (Chaeropus ecaudatus) ya rayu ne a wani yanki na daji da ke bude a tsakiyar Australia. Ya na da yatsunsu biyu a kafafunsa na gaba, wanda ya sanya shi kama da naman alade. Hujja game da yaduwar alade da ke cikin daji har zuwa 1907, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin babu wani tabbataccen bayani game da wannan dabbar.

Nau'in, hotuna da kwatancen bandicoots

Gaba ɗaya, odar yan ta’adda, ko kuma, kamar yadda kuma ake kiransu, marsupial badgers (Peramelemorphia), akwai kusan nau'ikan 20 a cikin 7 suna:

Icungiyoyin bindiga masu dogon hanci (3 jinsunan halittun Perameles)

Short-nosed (3 nau'in halittar Isoodon)

Kwayar cuta Piggy (Chaeropus ecaudatus)

Litafai (2 na halittar dan Adam Mactoris)

New Guinea (2 nau'in halittar halittar Peroryctes)
Mouse-dimbin yawa (3 nau'in halittar Microperoryctes)
Spiky bandicuts (nau'in 5 na halittar Echymipera)

Ceram Bandicoot (Rhynchomeles prattorum)

A cikin New Guinea, ana samun nau'ikan daban daban a tsaunuka daban-daban: wasu suna zaune a cikin ƙananan yankuna, wasu sun zama ruwan dare har tsawon mita 2000. Don haka, dogo mai dogon zango, mai fasalin linzamin kwamfuta da kuma masu shirya sabon ruwan 'Guinea Guinean sune nau'ikan tsinkayen da suka gwammace su rayu a tsauni sama da mita 1000. Manyan, manyan kuma mafi yawan farashi, da bambanci, suna zaune a ƙasashe masu ƙuna.

Maar marsupial isan ƙaramar dabba ce ƙaramar dabba. Tsawon jikin wasu kananan halittu - masu yin garkuwa da linzamin kwamfuta ba ya wuce cm 25. Tsawon manyan nau'ikan - mai girma - zai iya kai cm 60. Dabbobin suna da nauyin daga kilogram 150 zuwa kilo 5 dangane da nau'in.

Jikinsu mai nauyi, mai yawa, tare da ɗan gajeren wuya, an nuna ƙyallen, kunnuwa, ya danganta da nau'in, na iya zama ƙarami da zagaye ko elongated da nuna. Dangane da ƙananan idanu suna da matukar damuwa ga hasken rana.

Yatsun kafafu gajere, kafafun gaba suna yatsun hannu uku tare da ƙarfi.

Abun gyaran gashi galibi gajere ne kuma mara nauyi, a wasu nau'ikan New Guinea suna da wahala da sikeli. Kawai babban birby yana da gashi mai siliki mai tsayi.

Wutsiya galibi tana da tsayi kuma tana da gashi mai ƙyalli, kawai wasu nau'in sun yi fahariya da wutsiyoyi marasa lafiya.

Launi na baya yana da launin toka-toka ko launin ruwan kasa, ƙoda tana cikin wuta. Yawancin raunin madaukai da yawa ana ganin su akan giciye.

Sun bambanta da sauran dabbobin marsupial ta hanyar yatsan yatsun a kafafunsu na baya, wanda ya zama babban tsefe don tsabtace ulu.

Marsupial Badger Rayuwa

Waɗannan dabbobin ƙasa suna aiki da dare, lokacin da suke yin barci a cikin mazaunin su, wanda galibi ya ƙunshi zuriyar dabbobi da aka tattara a cikin tari tare da kyamara a ciki. Bandicoot na Tasmanian, alal misali, yana da nau'ikan gidaje, mafi wuya wanda shine ramin da aka haƙa tare da zuriyar dabbobi da rufi: ana amfani da irin wannan gida yayin lokacin kiwo.

'Yan bindiga sun gwammace su jagoranci salon rayuwa, kuma suna haɗuwa da wasu mata da maza kawai don ci gaba da tseren su.

Kowane mutum yana da mazauninsa, yayin da yankin da mazajen ke mallake shi ya kai kusan 2 sau mafi girma fiye da yankin da mace ke riƙe da shi. Shafukan maza da mata sunfi karfi sosai. Maza suna yin yajin ƙasarsu kowane dare don bincika mata, haka kuma don ganowa da korar sauran otheran takarar maza. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da gland na wari a bayan kunnuwansu, wanda suke amfani da shi don alamar ƙasa da ciyayi.

Abincin

Bandicoots sune omnivores. Suna cin kwari, invertebrates, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, tubers, tsaba, da sauransu. Yawancin abincinsu suna ciyarwa daga saman ƙasa. Wasu lokuta dabbobi kan nemi abinci a cikin ƙasa ta wari, sannan su tono ta da kaƙƙarfan ƙaƙamar.

Bandicoot ko Marsupial Badger

Icungiyoyin ɓarayi, wakilai na tsarin lalata ƙasa na Australiya, suna zaune da tsarin tsarin halitta iri-iri: hamada da gandun daji na wurare, ciyawa da ciyawa, gabar ruwa, wasu daga cikinsu suna zaune a tsaunin 2000 m sama da matakin teku. Koyaya, ba yanki mai yawa ba ko kuma yawan tsinkayen jinsunan da ya ceci dabbobi daga rushewa. A yau, 'yan bindiga - masu ɗaukar nauyi ga Australiya a lokaci guda ɗayan dabbar dabarunta. Fara sanin su da kyau?

Kiwo

Bandicoots sun shahara sosai saboda haɓakar haɓaka tasirinsu. Tsarin rayuwarsu yana nufin haifuwar ofa cuban yalwata tare da mafi ƙarancin kula na uwa, kuma a cikin wannan yanayin sun yi kama da masu ƙwaƙwalwa. Ana samun babban kiwo saboda ɗan gajeren ciki, cikin saurin haɓakar san sandar a cikin jaka, lokacin samartaka da kuma canji mai sauƙi na mata.

Don haka, alal misali, 'ya' yan manyan garkuwa da mahaifiyarsu ke haifuwa kwanaki 12 kacal. Tsawon jariri kusan 1 cm ne, kuma nauyin shine 0.2 grams. Jariri ya hau cikin jakar uwa kuma yana manne da kan nono. Jakar da ta sake budewa tana da adadin kuzari 8. Cubs suna haɓaka, suna faɗaɗa jaka a gaba tare da mahaifiyar mahaifar. A cikin brood akwai cubs 2-3.

Saurin girma ya bar jaka yana da shekaru 50, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki 10, mahaifiyar ta daina ciyar da 'ya'yan da madara. Tun yana da shekaru uku, marassa lafiyar na iya fara balaga.

Mace suna polycyclic kuma, a ƙarƙashin halayen da suka dace, na iya shayarwa a duk shekara. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin na iya faruwa lokacin brood ɗin da ya gabata yana shirye don rayuwa a wajen jaka.

Bayyanar

Zzlearfin katako mai tsayi yana bawa bandicoot kama da bera. Matsakaicin gwargwado na jikin mutum da kafafu na baya, mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da na gaba, suna sa dabba tayi kama da zomo.
Idanun sunada kadan, masu dauke da hasken rana.
Kunnuwa ba su da gashi kuma, ya danganta da nau'in dabbar da dabba ce, na iya zama ƙanana da zagaye, gami da ja da baya.
A kan cinyoyin hannu, yatsun 2nd, 3, 4, suna da tsawo kuma suna sanye da fuloi, 1st da 5th suna gajeru kuma ba tare da yadu ba
A wata gabar jiki, yatsa na 1 yana da laushi ko ba ya nan, 2 da na 3 suna hade, amma suna da fiyyoyi daban, na 4 kuma ƙananan.
Wutsiya tana da bakin ciki, ba ta kamawa ba, an rufe ta da ulu, gajere kuma dangane da girman jikin ta.
Mace 'yan Bandicoot suna da jaka a buɗe a ciki da baya, a cikinsu akwai wutsiyar madara guda biyu tare da nau'i uku kan nono.
Tsarin gashi da tsawon sutura don marsupial badgers sun bambanta da nau'in halitta: yana iya zama mai laushi da tsawo, ko tsauri da gajarta.
Launin jikin yana da launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai haɗari tare da launin rawaya da launin shuɗi, ciki shine haske - fari, launin rawaya ko launin toka. Fewan rami mai duhu kaɗan yakan wuce tare da sacrum.

A cikin 2011, Baitul Malin Australiya ya ba da tsabar tsabar kudi ta farin ciki, a madadin wanda launin ruwan hoda yake nunawa - wato bandicoot na zomo (Macrotis lagotis). Mawaki E. Martin, wanda ya shirya hoton tsabar kudin, ya cika da wayo da hikima ya isar da dukkan sifofin da suka bambanta bilby daga wasu maharbi: kyakkyawar fuska, doguwar kunnuwa, doguwar launin shuɗi, gashin baki da fari wutsiya. Rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu kwalliya kuma tana da halaye na kanta: suna haƙa sosai (har zuwa 1.5 m) da kuma ramuka mai faɗi iri-iri, inda galibi suke zama a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko tare da manya.

Kare cikin yanayi

Alaka, ɗan hamada, da kuma ƙungiyar yan bindiga an ba an kwanan nan an ba su izuwa iri iri. Wasu nau'ikan halittu a yau suna cikin haɗari.

Wereungiyoyin 'yan bindiga a Australia sun sha wahala fiye da sauran rukunin gidajen mutane. Koda wadancan nau'in halittun da suka rayu sun tsira ne a cikin wasu kananan mutanen da ke barazanar hallakawa. Rashin waɗannan dabbobin ya faru ne sakamakon yawan kiwo da aka samu da kuma sake zama na zomaye, wanda ya haifar da canjin murfin ƙasa.

Someabilar da ke rayuwa kawai a cikin yankuna masu haɓaka (dogon-nosed, ƙanana da ƙananan marsupial badgers) ana iya kiyaye su. Amma har ma nau'ikansu suna fuskantar barazanar canji.

Habitat, mazauni

A duk ƙasar Australiya, har ma a tsibirin Tasmania, makararran ɗan gajeren wando da dogon hanci sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Yankin zama mai daɗin zama yanki ne mai tsayi har zuwa 1000 m sama da matakin teku, inda suka gwammace su zauna a wurare masu katako tare da ciyayi mai yawa, amma har ila yau basu barin wuraren buɗe wuraren ba, gefuna, makiyaya, da ƙauyukan da ke kusa da su.

Na musamman a Papua New Guinea akwai wakilan wakilan halittar gungun 'yan ta'adda. Tsibirin Keram, wanda ke tsakanin tsibiran Sulawesi da New Guinea da kuma ba da suna ga jinsin, shi ne kawai wurin da masu yin ƙaramar ƙarfe ke zaune. Don mazauni, sun fi son ciyayi mai tsayi.

A cikin karamin yanki, gami da tsibiran New Guinea da Yapen, 'yan fashi da ke New Guinea za su rayu. Abubuwan da aka fi so a cikin wannan nau'in sune gandun daji mara iyaka tare da busheshen ciyawa da ciyawa.

Abokan halitta

Hadarin da ke tattare da kasancewar kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga sune da farko an gabatar dashi daga mutumin da ya canza ya lalata mazaunin dabbobi ta hanyar sanya filaye don gini da halittar gona. Gwagwarmayar mutanen Australiya tare da zomaye na daji, suna lalata wuraren kiwo, abin baƙin ciki ya shafi itsan fashin, waɗanda suka zama bayin guguwar da tarko. A cikin daji, magabatan marsupial badgers sune masu farauta - owls, foxes, dingoes, Cats.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa yawancin mazaunan dabbobi na marsupial badgers suna fuskantar manyan canje-canje, yawan dabbobin yana raguwa koyaushe. Baya ga porcupine mai ƙarewa, ƙaramar zomo da kuma ƙungiyar yan bindiga, sabbin Guan wasan Guinea da kuma gajerun hanyoyin dabarun karewa saboda ƙananan lambobin su da kuma farautar su koyaushe.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! An jera su da maɗauran bandicoots a cikin IWC. Rage matsuguni na yumbu mai lalacewa na barazanar ci gaba da kasancewar su.

A yau, aikin masana kimiyya shine farkawa da kariya daga mahaifa cenosis bandicoots. Wannan shirin na sake fasalin marsupial badgers da ke zaman talala shine yake samun sauki ta yadda zuriyayen da suka bayyana za'a dawo dasu daji.

Yi bincike ta hanyar magana

Rabbit bandicoot - wace irin dabba ce?

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Rabbit bandicoot wanene?

Rabbit bandicoot ko kuma sun kira shi e ers marsupial lamba.Wannan dabba nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daga dangin zomo.

Dabba tana da ban sha'awa, dan tuno zomo, amma da ɗan kangaroo ko ma bera. Kuna iya saduwa da shi a Ostiraliya. Bandicoot yana da kyawawan fur, saboda haka akwai kaɗan daga gare su, tunda lokacin da aka girbi Jawo, waɗannan dabbobin an hallakar da su sosai.

Yana ciyarwa akan kwari, nau'ikan larvae ko ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Yawancinsu suna cin nama kuma suna haifar da rayuwa ta rayuwa. Yana zaune a cikin ramuka masu zurfi. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai yadda wannan ɗan bindiga yake bacci, yake kwanciya a kan kafafunsa na baya, da kuma guntun sandar a tsakanin kafafu na gaba.

Suna zaune nau'i-nau'i, ba sa zaluntar mutum. Suna fara haihuwar musamman a kaka kuma suna kawo fewan ofan 1-2 masu kama. Sakamakon ƙarancin ƙoshin dabbobi da kuma murƙushe wariyar dabbobi, babu wasu da yawa da suka rage. Wajibi ne don kare yanayi da mazaunanta.

Karshe aka buga ta Lubezin, 04/01/2020 a 16:06.

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Rabbit bandicoot wanene?

Rabbit bandicoot ko kuma sun kira shi e ers marsupial lamba.Wannan dabba nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daga dangin zomo.

Rabbit bandicoot Wani nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ne.
Jaka ta bude tare da baya.
Akwai sunan da yafi karfin sa - bilby.
Suna da kyawawan tsayi da daskararre mai launin shuɗi.
Kunnuwa suna matuƙar zomo, saboda haka haɗin da sunan zai yiwu. Ari da cewa, galibi ba su da bambanci a cikin girman daga zomo.
Wutsiya dogo ce, baƙi da fari, kuma babu gashi a farkon lokacin.

Range - Ostiraliya, inda ake kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin sosai, saboda yawan su a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata ya ragu sosai.
Zamu iya cewa sun tsaya kawai a yankin yammacin nahiyar.
A koyaushe an jawo hankalin malamai masu fa'idodi da furcinsu mai mahimmanci, yayin da dawakai aka gabatar da su anan sune barazanar koyaushe.
Sanya tarko ko'ina don zomaye na yau da kullun - zama tarko don bilby.
Kuma duk wannan a kan tushen karamin fecundity daga cikin wadannan dabbobi.
Sake bugun yana faruwa ne a faɗuwa. Yawancin lokaci cuba cuba ɗaya ne kawai aka haife, ba sau da yawa - biyu.
Kuma wannan ana kiransa zomaye.

Rayuwar dare yayin da suke farauta, suna mai da hankali ga ji da ƙanshi, saboda suna gani da talauci.
Suna zaune a cikin kabura mai zurfi cikin nau'i-nau'i. Cire su daga can babu tabbas.
Matsayin su na bacci abin ba'a ne - suna zaune a kan kafafunsu na kafafu kuma suna mantar da murabba'i tsakanin gaban.
Cakuda abinci - larvae, kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta.
Af, tsummokin waɗannan mutane masu kyan gani suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma idan sun ciji, to ba za su isa ba. Gaskiya ne, su kansu ba masu tashin hankali ba ne, amma ya fi kyau kada su tashe su.

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Rabbit bandicoot Wani nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ne.
Jaka ta bude tare da baya.
Akwai sunan da yafi karfin sa - bilby.
Suna da kyawawan tsayi da daskararre mai launin shuɗi.
Kunnuwa suna matuƙar zomo, saboda haka haɗin da sunan zai yiwu. Ari da cewa, galibi ba su da bambanci a cikin girman daga zomo.
Wutsiya dogo ce, baƙi da fari, kuma babu gashi a farkon lokacin.

Range - Ostiraliya, inda ake kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin sosai, saboda yawan su a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata ya ragu sosai.
Zamu iya cewa sun tsaya kawai a yankin yammacin nahiyar.
Koyaushe koyaushe yana jan hankalin mahaɗan su, yayin da dawakai suka gabatar anan akwai barazanar koyaushe.
Sanya tarko ko'ina don zomaye na yau da kullun - zama tarko don bilby.
Kuma duk wannan a kan tushen karamin fecundity daga cikin wadannan dabbobi.
Sake bugun yana faruwa ne a faɗuwa. Yawancin lokaci cuba cuba ɗaya ne kawai aka haife, ba sau da yawa - biyu.
Kuma wannan ana kiransa zomaye.

Babu irin rayuwar da suke yi yayin farauta, suna mai da hankali ga ji da ƙanshi, saboda suna gani da talauci.
Suna zaune a cikin kabura mai zurfi cikin nau'i-nau'i. Cire su daga can babu tabbas.
Matsayin su na bacci abin ba'a ne - suna zaune a kan kafafunsu na kafafu kuma suna mantar da murabba'i tsakanin gaban.
Cakuda abinci - larvae, kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta.
Af, tsummokin waɗannan mutane masu kyan gani suna da ƙarfi sosai, kuma idan sun ciji, to ba za su isa ba. Gaskiya ne, su kansu ba masu tashin hankali ba ne, amma ya fi kyau kada su tashe su.

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