Incirrina, ko Incirrata, - suborder na cephalopods daga octopus oda (Octopoda). Ya hada da nau'ikan "nau'ikan su" na dangin Octopodidae da yawancin octopuses na pelagic, alal misali, argonauts.

Rarrabawa

Tun daga watan Janairun 2018, iyalai masu zuwa aka sanya su cikin tawagar:

• Cantraine Superfamily, 1841
  • Iyalin Alloposidae Verrill, 1881
  • Argonautidae Cantraine Iyali, 1841
  • Iyalin Ocythoidae Grey, 1849
  • Iyalin Tremoctopodidae Tryon, 1879
• Superfamily Octopodoidea d'Orbigny, 1840
  • Iyalin Amphitretidae Hoyle, 1886
    • Amphitretinae Na ƙarƙashin ƙasa Hoyle, 1886
    • Bolitaeninae Chun na ƙasa, 1911
    • Subfamily Vitreledonellinae Robson, 1932
  • Iyalin Bathypolypodidae Robson, 1929
  • Iyalin Eledonidae Rochebrune, 1884
  • Iyalin Enteroctopodidae Strugnell et al. , 2014
  • Iyali Megaleledonidae Taki, 1961
  • Octopodidae d'Orbigny Family, 1840

A shekara ta 2016, an gano sabon nau'in halittar kusa da tsibirin Hawaiian.

Grimpe dorinar ruwa mai zurfi

Grimpe mai zurfin teku mai zurfi - Grimpoteuthis albatrossi - wakilin musamman na cephalopods, yaduwa a arewacin tekun Pacific.

Masanin binciken kasar Japan Sasaki ne ya bayyana shi da misalai da dama, wadanda suka kama a Tekun Bering, Tekun Okhotsk da kuma gabashin gabar gabashin Japan ta hanyar balaguro kan jirgin Albatros a shekarar 1906 .
Ba kamar takwarorinta na gabar teku ba, octopus Grimpe mai zurfi-teku yana da gelatinous, jelly-kamar jiki, siffar wanda yayi kama da kararrawa ko buɗe laima. Saboda haka, kasancewar daga ruwa a kan jirgin ruwan, yana yin kama da jellyfish da manyan idanun sama sama da na haƙiƙa. A tsakiyar jiki, Grimpe octopus yana da nau'i biyu masu tsayi, kamar bakin kwarya-kwaryan kwalliya wanda aka goyan bayan shi da gurnani mai kaifin bakin ciki, wanda shine ragowar kwasfa kwatankwacin wasu mollusks. Tsakaninsa na yau da kullun yana da alaƙa gaba ɗaya ta mafitsara na bakin ciki wanda ake kira laima. Ita, tare da ƙyallen, tana aiki a matsayin babban motsi ga wannan dabbar, wato, daskararren grimpe yana motsawa kamar jellyfish, yana tura ruwa daga ƙarƙashin laima.

Siffar halayyar octopus Grimpe kuma shine kasancewar akan shinge zuwa dama da hagu na masu maye waɗanda ke a jere a jere na eriya mai tsayi, wanda ke taimaka wa kananan ganima (alal misali, jimrewa).

Ilimin halittar octopus Grimpe mai zurfi-zuriyar ruwa ya zuwa yanzu an yi nazarinsa ba shi da talauci sosai. An san shi yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa a cikin ƙananan tushe na ruwa a zurfin daga 136 zuwa 3400 m kuma ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar ƙananan girma - matsakaicin tsawonsa ba ya wuce cm 30. Duk da cewa jikin sa gelatin, kamar sauran sauran ƙwayoyin bakin ƙarfe, grimpe octopus shine maɓarnaci. ciyar a kan dabbobi iri-iri. A lokacin kiwo, mace na wannan octopus lay, daya bayan daya, manyan qwai a cikin fata na fata, daga abin da ƙananan halittu ke fitowa wanda yayi kama da iyayensu, suna shirye don rayuwa mai yanci.

Babu shakka, saboda mazaunin sa a cikin zurfin zurfafa, inda karancin haske ya ratsa, Grimpe octopus bai haɓaka ikon canza halayyar launi na sauran sauran tuffaodus ba, kuma ƙwayoyin alamomin kansu suna da tsararren tsari. Yawanci, jikin wannan octopus yana da launin shuɗi, shunayya, launin ruwan kasa da sautunan cakulan. Wani kuma wani nau'in siyayyun ɗakin ƙwayar cuta mai launin ruwan itace shine kasancewar babu jakar tawada.

Octopuses suna da zuciya 3

Wakilan Octopus suna da Zukata 3cewa zai share jikin jinin, wanda yake da tasirin haske. Babban zuciya yana fitar da jini a duk jikin jikin mollusk; gill zukatan suna tura jini ta hanyar abubuwan.

Yayin farauta, daskararren octopus Grimpe ya haifar da balan-balan daga iska a kusa da abin da aka farauto.

Masana kimiyya daga Kwalejin Plymouth na Jami'ar sun daɗe suna nazarin hanyar farauta wacce ƙungiyar Dumbo ke amfani da su.Masu gano cewa wannan mollusk ɗin mollusk yana ɗaukar ganimarsa ta hanyar sadarwa mai rikice-rikice, kamar dai yana kewaye da iska ne. Anyi wannan ne domin wanda aka cutar ya rasa daidaituwa. Daga baya, daskararren octopus ya haɗiye ganima.

Alamun waje na octopus Grimpe.

Daskararren octopus Grimpe, sabanin sauran nau'in cephalopods, yana da gelatinous, jelly-like body, wanda yake da kamannin zuwa laima mai buɗewa ko kararrawa. Tsarin tsari da tsarin jikin octopus Grimpe halayen wakilan Opisthoteuthis ne. Girman ƙananan suna da ƙananan - daga 30 cm.

Launin launi daban-daban ya bambanta, kamar na octopuses, amma yana iya sanya fata ta bayyana kuma a lokaci guda ya zama kusan ba a gani.

Da zarar an tashi daga ƙasa, daskararren octopus yayi kama da jellyfish tare da manyan idanu, kuma ya fi kama da wakilcin cephalopods.

Daya a tsakiyar jikin wannan dorinar tsintsiya madaidaiciya ce wacce take da tsinkaye mai fasalin gashi. An ƙarfafa su da gurneti-dimbin yawa a cikin sirdi, yana wakiltar ragowar harsashin sifofi na wakilan mollusks. Tsakanin shingen nasa an haɗa shi da bakin ciki na bakin ciki - laima. Wannan tsari ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke ba da motsi na grimpe octopus a cikin ruwa.

Hanyar motsi a cikin ruwa yana da alaƙa da maƙarƙasawar jelfish daga ruwa. Wani tsinkayen eriya mai daukar hankali yana gudana tare da tantunan kusa da kofuna guda na tsotsa. Wurin da kofunawar tsotsa a cikin maza yana da alaƙa da irin wannan tsarin a cikin californiana na O. watakila waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu na iya zama alamomin juna, don haka akwai buƙatar rarrabewar Opisthoteuthis da ke zaune a arewacin tekun Pacific.

Kowace kwai ta saka ƙyanƙyashe daban-daban

Dankin daji, idan aka yada shi, kowane kwai da mace ta shimfiɗa ta a cikin ƙananan sashin a cikin teku sai a rabe shi daban. Qwai da waɗannan daskararrun dabbobi ke da girma. Wannan yana bawa jariri baƙin ciki mai wofi tsufa. Ba kamar sauran octopuses ba, octopuse na mata na halittar Grimpoteitis na iya kwanciya qwai ci gaba. Don haka, dorinar ruwa Dambo ba shi da lokacin kiwo.

Abincin octopus na abinci.

Dorinar dajin octopus, da ke da gelatinous body, kamar sauran nau'in halittu masu alaƙa da juna, shine maƙarƙashiya da tsinkaye akan dabbobi iri-iri. Kusa da kasan, yana iyo nemo tsutsotsi, mollusks, crustaceans da mollusks, sune ainihin abincinsa. Grimp da dorinar ruwa ke gano karamin abin ci (mai ɗaukar crustaceans) tare da taimakon eriya mai ɗaukar hankali. Wannan nau'in octopus yana haɗiye wanda aka kamo shi duka. Wannan yanayin halayen abinci yana bambanta shi da sauran octopuses wanda ke iyo a cikin ruwa yadudduka.

Octopus Dumbo - wanda yafi sananne a cikin dukkanin octopuses da aka sani da ilimin kimiyya.

A halin yanzu an san dumbo octopuses a matsayin mafi zurfin octopuses a duniya. Yawancin wakilan wannan iyali ana samun su a zurfi daga 100 zuwa 5000 m. Zurfin mazaunin su ya sa ya zama da wuya a yi nazarin waɗannan 'yar tsirrai a mazauninsu na asali.

Yana fasalta da dorinar kankara.

Octopus na Grimpe an daidaita shi don zama a cikin zurfin zurfafa, inda a koyaushe rashin wadataccen haske yake.

Saboda yanayin rayuwa na musamman, wannan nau'in ya rasa ikon canza launi na jiki dangane da yanayin rayuwa.

Bugu da kari, an shirya wayoyin jikinsa alawan tsarin. Launin jiki na wannan cephalopod yawanci shine shunayya, violet, launin ruwan kasa ko cakulan. Hakanan ana iya bambanta da maganin octopus na Grimpe ta hanyar rashin wani "tawada" mai dauke da ruwan maski. Lura da rayuwar octopus Grimpe a cikin zurfin ruwa yana da wahala, saboda haka ba a san bayanai game da halayyar sa ba. Da alama, a cikin ruwa dorinar ruwa tana cikin yanayin tashin hankali a kusa da teburin teku tare da taimakon “ƙashin hancin ruwa”.

Sake bugun maganin octopus Grimpe.

Gctope octopuses ba su da takamaiman kwanakin kiwo. Mata suna zuwa tare da kwai a matakai daban daban na ci gaba, saboda haka, sukan yi kiwo duk shekara, ba tare da wani zaɓi na yanayi ba. A cikin kashin dabbobi, ɗayan alfarwar tana da ɓangaren faɗaɗawa. Wataƙila wannan sashin jiki ne wanda aka daidaita don canja wurin maniyyi yayin balaga tare da mace.

Girman ƙwai da haɓakarsu ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, a cikin ruwa jikunan ruwa ke ɗinka sama da sauri, don haka amfrayo su ci gaba da sauri.

Karatun da ke tattare da wannan nau'in octopus ya nuna cewa a lokacin isar da saurin mace, mace na sakin kwaya daya ko biyu a lokaci guda, wanda suke a cikin wani bangare na bakin ciki na oviduct. Qwai suna da girma kuma an rufe su da wata fata mai launin fata, sun nutse har zuwa bakin teku guda, manya da kananun yara basa kare masarar. An kiyasta lokacin ci gaban tayi ne a cikin kewayon daga 1.4 zuwa 2.6 shekaru. Oan ƙananan octopuses a waje suna kama da manya kuma nan da nan suka sami nasu abincin. Octopuses na Grimpe ba sa yin saurin haihuwa, saboda ƙarancin metabolism na cephalopods waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin sanyi, ruwan sanyi da fasalin yanayin sake zagayowar rayuwa.

Mutumin da ya manyanta yana da girman kusan 20 cm

A lokacin balaga, kyakkyawan daskararre yana da girman daidai gwargwado, ya kai tsayi kawai 20 cm. Koyaya, tarihi ya san gaskiyar lokacin da mafi girma daga cikin octopuses na Grimpoteitis ya kasance mai tsawo kusan 1.8 m, kuma yana da adadin kusan kilo 6.

Barazana ga ƙwarjin grimpe.

Babu isasshen bayanai don tantance matsayin octopus Grimpe. Ba a san kaɗan ba game da ilmin halitta da ilimin halittu, tunda wannan nau'in yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kuma ana samo shi ne kawai a cikin kamun kifin teku. Kwayoyin halittar Grimpe sun fi fuskantar barazanar kamun kifi, saboda haka ana buƙatar gaggawa bayanai game da tasirin kamun kifi a cikin yawan wannan nau'in. Akwai iyakataccen bayani game da mazaunan da ke akwai don maganin octopus.

Da alama, duk membobin Opisthoteuthidae, gami da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta Grimpe, suna cikin kwayoyin.

Mafi yawancin samfuran an tattara su ne daga ƙananan kwayoyi waɗanda suka kama octopuses daga ruwa sama da ke ƙasa. Wannan nau'in molllopod mollusk yana da halaye da yawa waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin ƙananan adadin mutane: gajeren rayuwa, jinkirin haɓaka, da ƙarancin girma. Bugu da kari, daskararren octopus yana zaune a bangarorin kamun kifi kuma ba a bayyana yadda masifar kifin take shafar adadin yawan octopuse ba.

Wadannan bakin ruwa na dabbobin suna sannu a hankali har zuwa lokacin balaga kuma suna bayar da shawarar cewa tuni kamun kifi ya rage adadin mutane a wasu wuraren. Garkuwa na Grimpe ƙananan dabbobi ne, saboda haka suna shan wahala mafi yawa daga zirga-zirgar zurfafa kasuwanci. Bugu da kari, abubuwan rayuwar su suna da alaƙa da benthos, kuma sun fi wasu nau'ikan octopuses damar faɗawa cikin rukunin dabbobin ƙasa, sabili da haka sun fi saurin lalacewa a cikin teku. Babu takamaiman matakan da za su iya kiyaye maganin ɓacin rai a cikin mazauninsu. Ana kuma buƙatar ƙarin bincike a cikin ɗimbin haraji, rarrabawa, yalwa da haɓaka adadin waɗannan cefalopods.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Lokacin motsawa, Dumbo yana amfani da ƙushin kunne

Don motsa motsin ruwa, Dumbo yana amfani da alfarwansu, ƙyallen kunne da kuma raƙuman ruwa da ke jikinsa. Lokacin yin iyo, wannan ciyawa, kamar, “yatsu” da kunnuwansa. Motsawa zuwa ƙasa, Dumbo octopuses suna amfani tanti. A jikin jikin octopuse akwai gidajen wuta masu amfani don motsi. Ruwa yana wucewa ta waɗannan gidajen ruwa, wanda kuma zai iya harba. Grimpe zai iya amfani da duk waɗannan hanyoyin jigilar abubuwa biyu daban-daban kuma lokaci guda. Wannan yana ba shi damar haɓaka mafi girma.

Dorinar dajin dumbo ba zai iya canza launi ba

Tun da dorinar ruwa na Dambo na zaune a zurfafan ƙasa, ba shi da ikon haɗewa tare da mahallin. Wadannan cephalopods sune violet, purple, cakulan ko milky.

Lokacin da suke nazarin tsaftar Davidson dutsen, masana kimiyya sun sami damar daukar dubban octopuses na Dumbo

Binciken ruwa na karkashin kasa wanda masanin kimiyya kusa da wani dutsen mai fitad da wuta Davidson, da taimakon kyamarori masu zurfi na musamman, ana iya kawar da daukacin lardin Dumbo. Kafin wannan binciken, an dauki wannan nau'in octopus a matsayin dabba mai zurfin teku wacce ke rayuwa a zurfin zurfin gaske. Mutanen da aka ɗauka kusa da dutsen mai fitad da wuta suna da manyan girma-girma wanda ya zarce karatun matsakaici. Matsakaicinsu ya kai 60 cm. Hakanan, tambayar da ba a iya warware matsala ba yasa me yasa ake amfani da octopuses guda daya ya samar da mazauni kusa da gawurtaccen wutar Davidson. Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa mazaunin da aka samo ya ƙunshi mata masu neman wurin da ke da ɗumi don ƙwai ƙwai.

Male Dumbo octopuses suna da tanti mafi girma da aka yi amfani dasu wurin haifuwa

Grimpoteitis maza na octopuses sun bambanta da mace ba kawai girman su ba, har ma a gaban mafi girma tentacle dangane da sauran. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa wannan shingen ne yake taka rawa sosai wajen haifuwar 'ya, yana fitar da maniyyi zuwa jikin mace.