Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Fasali: | Dabbobi masu shayarwa |
Squad: | Primates |
Iyali: | Biri |
Subfamily: | Thin biri |
Jinsi: | Pigatrixes |
Duba: | Roxellan rhinopithecus |
Henri Milne-Edwards, 1870
- Rhinopithecus roxellanae
IUCN 3.1 Damuwa: 19596
Roxellan rhinopithecus (asali Rhinopithecus roxellanaeyanzu Pygathrix roxellana) Wani nau'in biri ne na kasar Sin. Duba suna roxellanae an kirkiro shi a madadin matar Ottoman Sultan Suleiman kyakkyawar kyakkyawa Roksolana, wanda ya shahara ta hancinsa na sama.
Sun bambanta cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki kuma mai haske: sutura mai ruwan hoda-zinare, fuska tana da shuɗi kuma hanci yana hanci kamar yadda ya dace. Rarearancin lokuta, nau'in haɗari, masu haɗari, da aka jera a cikin Littafin Rubutu.
Suna zaune a kudanci da tsakiyar China. Yawancin jama'a suna cikin Reserve National Reserve (Sichuan).
Ana ganin hotan birai akan tsoffin fuloti na kasar Sin da kuma allon allo.
Rayuwa
A zahiri suna zaune a cikin zurfafawar ƙasa, amma a cikin tsaunuka a tsaunin mil mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa dubu uku, waɗanda Sinawa suka kira su "birai dusar ƙanƙara". A lokacin rani sun hau zuwa tsaunuka (yawan zafin jiki yana ƙasa ƙasa a can), a cikin hunturu suna gangara zuwa tsaunuka na kimanin mita dubu sama da matakin teku.
Yawancin rayuwar su ana kashe su akan bishiyoyi. A mafi karancin hatsarin da suke afkawa a saman kafafunsu.
Suna ciyar da akasari akan haushi bishiya (lokacin da babu 'ya'yan itace), alluran Pine, da lichens.
Yadda ake ganowa
Tsayin gabaki na 50-83 cm, tsawon wutsiya 51-104 cm Sashin man fuska yana gajarta. Hanci ya gajarta, juye juye. Gashin gashi yana da girma da kauri.
Gashi a bayansa mai launin shuɗi ne ko launin toka mai launin fari tare da farin fari a cikin tsakiyar tsakanin kafadu,
saman kai, bayan kai da kafadu na iya zama launin toka-baki, goshi, bangarorin kai, bangarorin wuya da kuma inuwar kashin na zinare ne ko kuma gefen kai da ciki farinsu ne ko launin toka.
'' 'Gotsu' yan cinya yakan nuna launin toka ko kuma farashi; Wutsiyar duhu launin shuɗi ne.
Inda yake zama
An rarraba shi a Yammacin China (lardunan Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Yunnan da Guizhou). Zai yiwu kuma su shiga cikin Assam.
Akwai rassa guda uku: R. roxellanae suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tuddai na yammacin Sichuan da kan iyakokin Tibet da arewacin, gami da yankunan kudu na Gansu. R. G. bieti - a arewa maso yammacin Yunnan,
Kudancin iyakar iyakar da alama yana ratsa rafin Tibet, magudanar ruwan Mekong, a arewa maso yamma ya ratsa yankin Tibet mai cin gashin kansa kuma, mai yiwuwa, Assam. R. brelichi - a lardin Guizhou (108 ° 30 'E zuwa 109 ° 30 E E kuma daga 27 ° 40' N zuwa 28 ° 30 'N).
Gano kwayar rhinopithecus
Wanda ya gano wannan nau'in gado ya na firist ɗan Faransa Arman David. Ya zo kasar Sin a shekarar 1860 a matsayin mai wa'azi, amma ya samu nasarori da yawa a fannin ilimin dabbobi. Dawuda ne ya gano cikin gandunan tuddai na lardin Sichuan da biri biyun zinare.
Shahararren masanin halitta Milne-Edwards, bayan ya sadu da kayan da Dauda ya kawo zuwa Turai, ya jawo hankali ga ban mamaki na gwanayen zinare, wanda ya tanada har sama, yana kusan kusanci tsakanin tsofaffin mutane.
An fassara sunan nau'in Rhinopithecus daga Latin a matsayin "biri biri", kuma kalmar ta biyu an kirkireshi ne a madadin Roksolan, wacce ita ce ƙaunatacciyar matar Sarkin Musulmi Suleiman I, wacce fuskarta ta yi ado da hanci.
Alamun waje na Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellan rhinopithecus babban biri ne, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 0.57-0.75 m, wutsiya 50-70 cm. Maza sunkai kimanin kilogram 16, mace - har zuwa kilo 35. The gashi ne orange-zinare. Maza da mata suna nuna alamun bambanci a launi launi: maza suna da ciki, goshi da wuya na launin zinare.
Nape, kafadu, makamai a baya, kai da wutsiyar launin launin toka-baki. A cikin mata, waɗannan sassan jikin an fentin launin ruwan kasa - baƙi. Hanci ya yi laushi, tare da manyan wuraren bude hanci a fuska. Flaps biyu na fata akan manyan hancin bude kafa suna samar da kololuwan da ke kusanci a goshi.
Roxellan rhinopithecus (Pygathrix roxellana).
Roxellan rhinopithecus mazaunin wurare
Gidajen Roxellan rhinopithecus suna cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi da wurare masu zafi, kuma suna cikin tuddai a tsaunuka 1600 zuwa mita 4000 zuwa 4000. Birai masu zinari suna zaune cikin dazuzzukan da ke da tsaunuka. Tian ƙaramin ya ƙunshi harbe-harben bamboo da nau'in tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali.
Roxellanic rhinopithecus - Birai na kasar Sin suna da sunan almara Roxolana, wanda yana da hanci mai tsauri.
A cikin hunturu, a waɗannan wurare zazzabi ya sauka ƙasa ba komai kuma yawanci yana dusar ƙanƙara, wanda wani lokacin yakan rufe ƙasa har tsawon watanni shida. A cikin wannan yanayin mawuyacin halin, dabbobin suna yin haƙuri da rijiyar sanyi, kuma saboda wannan mahimmancin magabatansu suna suna "birai dusar ƙanƙara"
Tare da farawa mai zafi, rhinopithecus yana hawa zuwa tsaunuka, zauna cikin gandun daji mai ban tsoro kuma ya tashi zuwa matsanancin iyakar wurin su, kuma ba ya nan sama sama saboda kawai babu kurmi a waɗannan wurare. Yayin da yanayin sanyi yake, magabatan kwari sun gangara zuwa kwarin da matattarar abinci don neman abinci, a cikin digawar dusar ƙanƙara ta dace da abincin birai ya zama ba a samun karbuwa.
Abinci na Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellan rhinophytes a lokacin bazara na ciyar da ganye akan matasa, harbe, 'ya'yan itatuwa, furanni, tsaba da lasis. A cikin hunturu, magabatansu suna canzawa zuwa m abinci da cin haushi itace, allurai Pine, lichens. Kodayake birai na zinari suna samun abinci akan bishiyoyi, amma duk da haka sun gangara zuwa ƙasa don ciyar da ciyawa, albasa daji, tsaba, da kwayoyi.
Birai da zinare da wuya suna gangaro zuwa ƙasa, suna rayuwa, suna samun abinci kuma suna hauhawar bishiyoyi.
Roxellan rhinopithecus mazaunin daidaitawa
Roxellan rhinopithecus ya dace da rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Ulu mai ɗumi tare da farin ciki da kuma kayan halayya na taimaka musu ba daskarewa a cikin hunturu.
Yawancin lokaci, duk membobin dangin biri suna barci, suna haɗama da juna da kuma ajiye zafi. Maza suna kwana dare daban kuma suna kan aikinsu koyaushe, suna kare dangi daga haɗari.
Duk rayuwar wadannan magabatan suna faruwa ne a bishiyoyi. Suna sauka zuwa ƙasa don fayyace alaƙa da danginsu ko kuma ciyar da sababbin ganye. A wata karamar karamar barazana, birai suka hau kan bishiyoyin.
Siffofin halayyar zamantakewa na Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellanic rhinopithecus suna zaune a cikin kananan garken dabbobi 5-10, amma wani lokacin suna tara cikin manyan gungu, wanda yawansu yakai 600 birai. A cikin ƙungiyoyi da yawa, an kafa kananan dangi, waɗanda maza ke shugabanta. Shugabannin sun nesanta kansu da sauran birai, musamman lokacin hutawa.
Roxellan rhinophytes suna da wuya sosai, suna cikin haɗari, kuma an jera su a cikin littafin Red.
Maza suna iya zama biyu ko ɗaya kuma suna haɗe tare da sauran maza. Matan Rhinopithecus ba hayaniya bane, masu zaman jama'a kuma galibi suna da cock. Saboda irin wannan hadaddiyar kungiyar zamantakewa, rikici ke tashi a koyaushe, amma mummunan fada yana da matukar wuya kuma yana tare da haɓaka da hayaniyar birai masu fushi. Roxellan rhinophytes suna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa don kulawa da furcinsu na zinariya. Irin wannan dangantakar tsakanin dangi tana tallafawa tsarin zamantakewa.
Sake bugun Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellan namiji rhinopithecus yana da ikon kiwo, har ya kai shekaru 7, mace tun farko - shekaru 4-5. Mating yana wucewa daga Agusta zuwa Nuwamba, ya danganta da mazauninsu. Matar yawanci tana ɗaukar ƙanwa na watanni 7. Yana ciyar da matasa tare da madara na kusan shekara guda, a wasu lokuta ma ya fi tsayi saboda yanayin zafin yanayi da rashin abinci. Mahaifiyar zuriya tana da mataimakan da suke kāre garken duka daga maƙiya. A lokaci guda, an sanya jariran a tsakiyar ƙungiyar biri, yayin da maza ke kiyaye zuriya, waɗanda ke waje.
Ainihi, uwa tana kula da ɗan ɗan.
Roxellan rhinopithecus kariya
Roxellan rhinopithecus an jera su a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN a matsayin jinsin masu rauni, an jera shi cikin CITES (Shafi na I), sannan kuma an jera shi cikin Jerin Layi na Abubuwan Lalacewa ta dokar Amurka. Zunubin Gwal na da matukar saƙo wanda ya ɓace cikin zurfin binciken kwararru. Yawancin bayanan an samo su ne yayin lura da birai a cikin bauta ko kuma taƙaitaccen bayani daga rayuwar alƙaluma.
Haramcin harbi roxellan rhinopithecus ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen maido da adadin biran da ba kasafai ba. A halin yanzu, kusan rhinopithecus 5,000 suna zaune a cikin gandun daji. Amma ana buƙatar ƙarin abubuwa don hana ƙarin rarrabuwar mazaunin. An kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta abubuwan shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa na halitta a cikin yankuna masu kariya.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
Bit of tarihi
Roxellan rhinopithecus shine biri ne mai launin zinare. Asalin sunan shi yana da tarihi mai ban sha'awa.
Babban firist daga Faransa Arman David shine dan Turai na farko da ya sadu da waɗannan wakilan wakilan dabbobi na musamman. Ya shigo karni na 19 a kasar Sin a matsayin mishan don yada addinin Katolika a wannan kasar mai nisa.
Daga baya, wani firist wanda ke da matukar sha'awar ilimin dabbobi ya zo da wasu kayayyaki zuwa Turai game da sabon nau'in biri, wanda shahararren masanin ilimin dabbobi Miln-Edwards ya sami sha'awar. Hankalin waɗannan dabbobin ya burge shi musamman - sun sunkuyar da kansu har sun kai goshin wasu tsoffin mutane. Saboda wannan fasalin, masanin kimiyyar ya ba wa waɗannan dabbobin irin wannan sunan Latin (Rhinopithecus roxellanae), inda kalma ta farko itace asalin halitta kuma yana nufin "biri biri", kuma na biyu shine sunan nau'in halitta (roxellanae) a madadin matar Suleiman Mai Girma (Ottoman sultan). Wannan shine asalin almara Roksolana tare da hanci mai haushi.
Yankin rarraba, mazauni
Roxellan rhinophytes suna zaune a yankuna na Tsakiya da Kudancin China (Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu). Daga cikin ire-iren birai uku da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kasar Sin, wannan ita ce mafi yadu a cikin jihar. Sun zauna gandun daji na tsauni wanda ke nisan mil 1,500 zuwa 3,400. A waɗannan wuraren, murfin dusar ƙanƙara yana da watanni shida a shekara.
Kayan lambu suna canzawa tare da tsayi. Daga cikin dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka da ƙananan kwari zuwa gaɓoɓin cakuda mai cike da tsalle mai tsayi sama da mita 2200. Sama da mita 2600, ciyayi ke tsiro. A lokacin rani, birai na zinari suna hawa zuwa tsaunuka, kuma a cikin hunturu suna ƙasa da mita 1,500. A cikin yanayin su, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara yana tsakanin 6.4 ° C (-8.3 ° C - mafi ƙarancin Janairu, + 21.7 ° C - matsakaicin Yuli). Wannan nau'in biri ya kasance daya daga cikin cututtukan da ke iya yin sanyi a tsakanin biri, saboda haka ana kiransu "Birai dusar ƙanƙara" a China.
Fasali na rhinopithecus na Roxellan
Sun banbanta cikin haske mai kaman gaske kuma launuka iri-iri: sutura tana da ruwan zinare-ko kuma ruwan-zinare, fuska tana da kyau, hanci yana dafe kai-tsaye. Wadannan watakila dabbobi ne da ba a saba gani ba a rukunin farko na rukunin filaye a tsaunukan kasar Sin.
Birai zinare wasu kananan dabbobi ne wadanda girman su ya kai santimita 66 zuwa 76 kuma tsawon wutsiya mai zuwa cm 72. Girman jikin mutum mai girma shine kilo 16, mace - kimanin kilo 10. Hoton launi na gashi ya dogara da shekarun birai.
Maza
Matsayin maza ya dogara da juriya, ƙarfin hali da kuma adadin matan aure, yayin da mace ta fi daraja idan ta sami zuriya.
Abinda ya faru na rikice-rikice ba koyaushe yana haɗuwa da amfani da ƙarfi ba, kamar yadda suke kare kansu. Kuma maimakon daukar fansa ta zahiri, suna gamsuwa da abubuwan ban mamaki masu ban sha'awa, haushi da ruri. Mafi yawan lokuta, baya zuwa fada tare da dabbobi; wanda yaci nasara shine yawanci namiji wanda bayyanar shi shine mafi tsoratarwa. Da wannan duka, ba za a yi la'akari da birai masu hanci ba - manyan mutane na iya samun nasarar kare kansu daga shaho, damisa da sauran mafarauta.
A kan kiyaye biranen kasar Sin
Birai masu launin lu'ulu'u masu tsayayye suna tsayayya da saurin yanayin zafi da dusar ƙanƙara, sun sami damar ciyar da kusan kowane yanayi. Musamman ma suna bunƙasa a wancan lokacin da duwatsun China suke cike da dazuzzukan da babu iyaka. Koyaya, magabatan Sinawa, wadanda suke da kwazo sosai, sun mamaye wurare da yawa daga dabi'ar halitta har tsawon ƙarni. Bugu da kari, sun kuma farauto birai, wanda hakan ya rage yawan jama'a.
A yau, a cikin gandunan daji na kasar Sin, adadin Roxellan rhinopithecus kusan 5000 ne. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, canje-canje sun faru waɗanda suka zama masu ceto ga waɗannan dabbobin - an dauki nau'in haɗari mai haɗari a ƙarƙashin kariyar hukumomin yankin. Yawancin birai na zinari sun juya zuwa wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar abubuwa, kuma an dauki tsauraran matakai akan masu bautar. Irin waɗannan sabbin abubuwan sun ba da damar dakatar da lalatarsu, har ma don daidaita adadin, har ma da haɓaka shi a wurare.