Ramforinch - "hanci kamar baki."

Lokacin rayuwa: Lokacin Jurassic - kimanin shekaru miliyan 160-140.
Squad: Pterosaurs
Suborder: Ramforinha
Bangarori:
tsawon 0.4 m
tsayi 0.3 m
nauyi 3kg
Abinci mai gina jiki: Kifi, Lechinki, Qwai
Gano: 1847, Ingila

Ramforinh - pterosaur na lokacin Jurassic. Na farko pterosaurs ya bayyana a ciki lokacin triassic. A Jurassic pterosaurs sun zama sarakunan gaskiya na sama. Mafi yawan halayen wakilan dinosaurs mai tashi shine sabar. Sun tashi da taimakon wani farin fata na fata mai shimfiɗa tsakanin dogon yatsa na hannu da ƙasusuwa na hannun. Zwararrun masu amfani da iska masu kyau suna daidaitawa don gudu.

Shugaban Ramforinh:

Kwanyar ramforinha ya kasance in mun gwada da manyan, yawanci elongated da nuna. A tsohuwar tsofaffin, tsoffin kasusuwa suka yi birgima kuma kwanyar ta zama kamar tufar tsuntsaye. Sometimesayan intermaxillary wani lokacin ya zama ya zama riqo na hako mai tsauri. Dinosaurs na yaƙe-yaƙe suna da hakora masu sauƙi kuma ya zauna a cikin gadoji. Manyan hakora sun kasance a gaban. Wani lokacin sukan makale a gefe. Ya taimaka ramforinham kama kuma ku kama ganima.

Tsarin ramforinha:

Abun kashin dabbobi ya kunshi kashin mahaifa 8, kashin 10-15, aljihun 4-10 da kashin roba na 10-40. Kirjin ya fadi da kyau kuma yana da babban keel. Ba shoulderan kafada sunyi tsawo, kasusuwa na pelvic sun yi ruwa.
Ramforinha Yana da wutsiya masu dogon wutsiya, fikafika fikafikai, babban kwanyar da hakora masu yawa. Dogayen hakora masu girma dabam masu hazo. Wutsiyar pangolin ya ƙare a cikin ruwa da ke aiki a matsayin tsegumi. Suna da hasken ƙasusuwa.
Yatsar farko tayi kama da karamar karama ko kuma gaba daya bata nan. Yatsu na biyu, na uku da na huxu sun ƙunshi biyu, da wuya kasusuwa uku kuma yana da falmaran. Hagu da kafafu sun kasance da karfi sosai. Akwai dogayen kaifi a ƙarshensu. Yatsan babban yatsan kafaffun kafafan yadudduka sun hada da gidajen abinci hudu.

Rayuwar Ramforinha:

Ramforinha sun kasance ƙananan pterosaurs, zasu iya ɗauka daga ƙasa. Ramforinha suka zauna tare da bankunan wuraren tafki a cikin manyan yankuna. Sun fi cin kifi. Gashinsu cike da hakora sun fi dacewa da kama kifin da ya sha da kyar. Ramforinha ya kirkiro wata hanya ta musamman ta kamun kifi wacce fuskokin fikafikansu suka bushe.

Gudun kan ruwa ramforinha ya buɗe baki ya saukar da shi ƙarƙashin ruwa. Don haka, suka kama duk abin da ya biyo baya. Ban da kifi, idan kun yi sa'a sabar na iya cin larvae na abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke rayuwa cikin hawan bishiyoyi. Hakanan ramforinha Ya ci ƙwai na dabbobi da aka aza a cikin yashi a bakin gaci. Ya kasance ainihin biki don ramforinha.

Zwararrun maƙaryaci suna rayuwa ne kawai a zamanin Mesozoic, tare da ranar haihuwar su a ƙarshen Lura Jurassic. Kakannin dai, a bayyane suke, sun lalata tsoffin dabbobi masu rarrafe pseudosuchia. Siffofin doguwar riga sun bayyana kafin gajerun-tayel. A ƙarshen zamanin Jurassic, sun zama sun lalace.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ramforinha da sauran dinosaur da ke tashi ba kakannin tsuntsaye da jemagu ba. Liwararrun kareyoyi, tsuntsaye, da jemagu kowannensu ya faru kuma yana haɓaka ta hanyarsu, kuma babu kusanci tsakanin dangi a tsakaninsu. Alamar kawai gama gari a gare su ita ce damar tashi. Kuma kodayake duk sun sami wannan ikon ta hanyar canji a cikin farkon, bambance-bambance a cikin fuka-fukan fuka-fukan su sun tabbatar mana cewa suna da magabatan gaba ɗaya.

Nemo tarihi

Farkon kasusuwan kasusuwa na wannan asalin ya faru ne a cikin Jamus a tsakiyar karni na 19. Bayanin mista ne aka bayar ta Hermann von Meyer a 1846. Ya ba da suna "Ramforinh", ma'ana "fuska-fuska."

Iri Ramforinhs

(An rarrabe abubuwa guda uku a cikin iyali):

1. Ramforinh Estechi, wanda O'Silivan da Martil suka bayyana a shekarar 2015,
2. Ramforinh Jessoni, wanda Lideker ya bayyana a 1890,
3. Ramforinh Munsteri, wanda aka fara bayyana ramforinh mallakar wannan nau'in.

Ramforinh Estechi da Jessoni suna dauke da fari.

Tsarin kwarangwal

Kasusuwa na Ramphony suna da tsarin tubular, wanda ya sauƙaƙe kwarangwal. A cikin kashin tsohuwar pterosaur akwai kusan vertebrae 70, sama da 40 wadanda suke wutsiya wutsiya, a cikin yankin mahaifa akwai 7 vertebrae, 16 a cikin yankin thoracic kuma 6-7 vertebrae sun hada da lumbar da kashin ƙashin gwiwa. Theayan murfin rumphorinch yana haɓaka keɓaɓɓu-ke kamar gaba, ya kasance kwata huɗu. Human guntun ƙafafun gajerun gajere ne, amma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Foreafin hannu yana da tsayi ɗaya da rabi zuwa sau biyu, kuma fikafikan su da kansu sun kasance a tsakani tsakanin fifikon, saitin su kansu sau 15-18 sun fi tsayi a hannu da kafa.

Girman lizard ya bambanta daga santimita 20 zuwa 30 na jikin (babban tattabara) tare da fikafikan ɗumbin tsayi zuwa mita - sau uku zuwa huɗu ya fi girma na na tattabarai na zamani. Fuka-fukan sun kasance membrane mai fata na fata wanda aka shimfida tsakanin kasushin hannu da dogon yatsa na hannu. Tsawon daga bakin baki zuwa wutsiya ya kasance kuma daga tsari ne na mita a cikin manya. Wutsiyar ta ƙare da madaidaicin caudal ruwa, wanda ramphony tayi amfani da su a cikin jirgin azaman rudder.

Gajeriyar jiki, kafafu da tsefe a siffar ƙyallen alama ce da ramphony za ta iya cirewa daga saman ruwan. Don wannan dinosaur yana da halin rayuwa mai ruwa kamar yadda kafaffun ƙafafun ya nuna. Yatsun ƙafafun sa ya kammala yatsun kalam.

An rufe jikin ulu da ulu, wanda baƙon abu bane ga dabbobi masu rarrafe, an yi amfani dasu don kula da zafi. Saboda ulu, dinosaur ya sami suna - "mugunta mara kyau

Tsarin kwanyar, hakora

Siffofin fasalin kwanyar da wuya ya sa ya yiwu a maido da matsayin shugaban pterosaur yayin jirgin - yayi ƙasa da ƙasa. Ramphony yana da babban kai, ba tare da ya juya ba, ya zama ya zama dolo mai tsawo. Saboda wurin ƙwallon ƙafa na kunnuwa na ciki, ramphorinchae ya riƙe kansu daidai da ƙasa. Yankin Ramforinh da ya yi tsayi a tsawon kafaɗar haƙoran ya kasance a zaune a haƙoron haƙoran haƙoran da ke nuna gaba, ya dace da kamawa da riƙe kifin a baki. A cikin duka, Ramforinh yana da hakora 34, wanda 20 suna cikin babban muƙamuƙin, 14 kuma a ƙasa. Babban hakora sun kasance a gaban.

Farauta da abinci

Babban lokacin da ramforinha ya ciyar lokacin jirgi da kamun kifi, wanda shine babban abincin dinosaur. Sampleaya daga cikin samfurin WDC CSG 255 an samo shi tare da ragowar a cikin esophagus na kifaye nau'in kifi. Kodayake sauran kifayen, ƙananan amphibians da kwari suma sun tafi abinci. Hanyar rayuwa da farauta sun yi kama da rayuwar rayuwar karnukan dare na yau kamar na dabbobi. Kamar karama, rumphorinchus yayi girma sama da ruwa, kwace ganima daga saman ruwa. A lokaci guda, zasu iya farauta ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin ruwa don wani ɗan nesa a bayan waɗanda abin ya shafa. Siffofin kwarangwal suna nuna ikon ragon kwalliyar iyo iyo kashe kai tsaye daga saman ruwa.

Kiwo

Ramforinhs ya ninka da qwai. Yawancin ƙarancin ƙyallen maƙasudin ƙyallen sun ƙaddara ƙananan adadin ƙwai a cikin kama - ɗaya ko biyu. Iyaye sun kula da kawunansu na dogon lokaci, kodayake, mafi kusantarwa, ƙirar ragon da ke ƙare na iya tashi nan da nan. A watannin farko, bunkasar kajin na hadari ne, yana rage gudu bayan shekara guda. Tsofaffi sun sami cikakkiyar girma ta shekaru uku. Yawancin ragowar ƙasusuwa sun ba mu damar mayar da jadawalin ci gaban wannan maganin.

Kariyar Predator

Duk da mummunan yanayinsu da hakoransu masu kare kansu, Ramforinhs suna da abokan gaba - dukansu a cikin manya manyan kifayen kifi. A Jamus, an samo misali na musamman game da kasusuwa sau uku - ramforinch tare da kifin leptolpid a cikin esophagus, tare da reshe ya makale a bakin babban kifin Aspidorhinkus. A lokacin farauta, ramforinh da kansa ya zama wanda aka azabtar da kifin wanda ya kama reshensa. Kifayen ko dai ya tsallake daga ruwan a bayan layin da ke tashi-sama, ko kuma ya kama raggon ruwa. Harin ya faru ne daga gefen shugaban malamin. Kashin da ke makale a tsakanin hakoran kifin ya haifar da mutuwa da kifin, wanda ba zai iya 'yantar da bakin daga ganima. Wasu karin kasusuwa guda uku na Aspidorhinkus tare da ragowar ragforinha sanannu ne. An gano dukkanin kasusuwa a Jamus.

Gidajen tarihi inda ake wakiltar ragowar da ƙasusuwa na ramforinhs

• Taylor Haarlem Museum, samfurin tare da kambi na kasusuwa na waɗanda suka mutu a lokacin farauta,
• Houston Museum of Halittar Kimiyya,
• Gidan Tarihi na Royal Ontario, Toronto yana da tsarin buga buga wutsiya
• Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi na Milan.
• Gidan Tarihi na Oxford na Tarihin Halitta

Abokai mafi kusa - pterodactyl

Ambaci cikin fina-finai

• Ramforinh ya bayyana a fitowa ta uku na jerin labaran shirin Walkiya tare da Dinosaurs.
• “Winged dodanni tare da David Attenborough” (Flying dodanni tare da David Attenborough, 2011).