Gwanin ƙwayar naman gwari na gama gari (Oryctes nasicornes) nasa ne a cikin gidan Lamellar oda na Coleoptera. Mazaunin wannan kwari yana da faɗi sosai: ba'a sameshi kawai a cikin taiga da cikin tundra.
Rhinoceros yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe iri daban daban, sun fifita itacen oak da ciyawar Willow. Mace suna kula da zuriyar gaba a gaba, suna zavar bishiyoyi masu mugu da tushen lalatattu saboda rikicewar su.
Bayyanar
Ba shi da wuya a rarrabe mace daga namiji: ba ta da kaho (sake, ba a san dalilin ba). Bayan kaho lokacin farin ciki na makamai na chitin yana cikin: wata halitta wacce ke jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, koda irin wannan kariya takan taimaka wasu lokuta kan kananan masu tayarda hankali. Kafafu biyu na gaba na irin ƙwaro suna tono, ɗayan biyun kuma sanye take da haƙoran da hakora.
Gwanin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana da bayyanar da ban sha'awa: kafin ɗalibi, wato, tun yana ɗan shekara uku, ya kai 8 cm saboda gaskiyar cewa jikinsa ya ƙunshi ƙarin ruwa da mai adadi fiye da na irin ƙwaro. Kamar yawancin larvae irin ƙwaro, yana zaune a cikin wani sako-sako da sako - ƙura, humus, takin tsiro.
Rayuwa da Jima'i
Rhinoceros irin ƙwaro (Oryctes nasicornis Linnaeus) babban kwari ne da ba za a rikita su tare da wasu kwari ba. Ta ƙunshi da farko a gidan mai rhinoceros na wurare masu zafi (Dynastidae) Wani lokaci ana ambaci wannan dangi a cikin tsohuwar hanya - Scarabaeidae (Rhinos ana ɗauka a matsayin ƙaramin zuriya na wannan iyali). Kwayoyin har zuwa 40 mm ana iya ganin su daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa ƙarshen bazara, akasari akan kayan katako, a cikin takin ko a cikin daftarin gandun daji mai ɗorewa.
Manya (tsofaffi) suna ɓoye yayin rana, zama cikin aiki da yamma. Ba a iya samun kwarololin matattu kawai a lokacin rana ba. Wani sabon abu kwatancen rhinos shine abin da ake kira dimorphism na jima'i, ko tsarin jikin mace daban daban na mata. Ana kwatanta maza da tsotsan duwawu a kawunansu da garkuwa da kera su. Akasin haka, mace tana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a kai amma garkuwa mai ƙarfi. Kodayake, akwai mazan da ba su da ci gaba tare da ƙaramin ƙaho kuma suna kama da mace.
Habitat
Ana samun wakilan wannan nau'in a ƙananan kwari da tuddai masu ɗumi har zuwa matattarar ƙasa. Haɓaka su na faruwa ne a cikin yanayi (gami da wuraren shakatawa tare da nau'in tsohuwar bishiya), a cikin tsoffin kututture da rawanin rago na bishiyoyi masu rarrafe (akasarinsu beech da itacen oak, amma kuma irin goro, da dai sauransu) ko kuma a cikin tushen matattararsu mai ƙarfi. Tare da raguwa a yawan tsoffin bishiyoyin da ake jujjuya su, wannan nau'in ya dace da tsohuwar takin gargajiya na lambun kayan lambu, tsirar bishiyu, sharar katako, da kuma zuwa "yumbu" mai yumbu a cikin gidajen katako.
Ci gaba
Haɓaka ƙwayoyin ƙwayar rhinoceros suna perennial kuma yana faruwa a ciki Rotting Organic abukamar takin da ya gabata ko tsohuwar bishiyar ciyawa. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran ƙwayoyin scarab, ƙwayoyin kwari suna da hankula, masu kama da larvae na chafer ko dush beetles. A lokacin haɓaka, larvae ya canza tufafi sau 3, kuma kafin canjin da suka gabata suna aunawa har zuwa 10 cm. Bayan rigar ta 3, sun juya zuwa juzu'i, wanda aka cire irin ƙwaro bayan 'yan makonni. Wannan yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin faduwa, amma kwaro ya girma ya zauna a cikin rago har sai da kaka mai zuwa.
Rhino irin ƙwaro larvae da dogon ci gaba
Wadannan manyan larvae, kamar su larva na duk invertebrates, suna da tsarin tsohuwar juyayi kuma ku bi koyarwar kawai. Amma suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Larvae suna da ban sha'awa don kallo, taɓa su. Yana da ban sha'awa mu kalli yadda suke canza tufafi a kai a kai har zuwa matakin girma, har sai da suka gama tsara kuma suka kirkiro wani irin ƙwaro mai yawan gaske.
Larvae ci gaba na dogon lokaci. Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, tsarin ci gaba yana wuce shekaru 3-7.
Yadda ake ƙyanƙyashe larvae
Abu ne mai sauki - don ci gaban lardin bishiyar bishin bishiyoyin, akwai isassun ƙwayar cuta (ana iya yinta daga farfajiyar da ba a amfani da ita), wanda girmansa ya kusan 80x60x40 cm. Larvae baya buƙatar hasken wuta, saboda galibi suna aiki da dare, kamar kuma manya.
A kasan ƙwayar magani, a matsayin ƙananan substrate, sanya cakuda ganye (zai fi dacewa beech ko itacen oak) tare da itacen mara lalacewa da yumɓu a cikin rabo 3:3:1. Yaran abinci suna raguwa akan ganyayyaki masu lalacewa. Ba sa bukatar ƙarin kulawa.
Manya ba su daɗe ba, amma suna da kyau.
Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, sai pupae ya zama manya-manya na giyar manya-manyan kwari. Manyan ƙaho suna tasowa daga goshinsu, wanda maza ke amfani da su don yin faɗa ga mata. Kiwo na wucin gadi na bukatar rabuwa da maza da kuma bayarda kowannensu yana da mata dayawa.
Za a iya samun irin ƙwaro Rhinoceros a cikin dazuzzukan daji na kudu na ƙasarmu. Amma kar ku kai shi gida, kamar larbarsa. Wannan kwaro ne mai kariya, kuma mai lahani na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na irin wannan kiwo na doka.
Irin ƙwayar Asiya
Dukkanin ƙwayoyin bishiyoyin suna zaune a cikin hanya guda - ana kunna su a maraice kuma da dare, larvae su ke haɓaka a cikin lalata ƙwayar shuka. Tare da banda guda, wanda Asirin bishin kwari na Asiya ya wakilta Ryctes rhinoceros. A zahiri, ba banda bane, a yawancin wuraren da mazauninsa ba ya bambanta da danginsa. Ba wai kawai ba a kiyaye shi ba, amma har ma ana ɗaukar kwaro - ƙirjinta sun fi son cin dabino na kwakwa, saboda abin da za su iya cutar da su. Saboda haka, kwari ana kiranta kwakwa ko ragowar dabino.
Pet
An kiyaye irin ƙwayar rhinoceros a cikin ƙasarmu, saboda haka ba wuya a gan shi a yanayi. Ita ce kwaro na biyu mafi girma a Turai bayan barewar, da ke tashi da daddare. A lokaci guda, wani irin ƙwayar rhinoceros yake mafi so dabba a Asia. Yana da tsabta, aminci da sauƙi don kulawa.
Wasu ƙarin gaskiya:
- A yau cikin yanayi akwai Speciesa'idodin 19 na nau'ikan ƙwayar igwa.
- Nisan da kwaro zai iya rufewa sune 50 km.
- Babban bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji shine ta rashin kaho.
- Ana buƙatar ƙahon namiji don yaƙar sauran kwari.
- An hade mummunan yanayin rhino tare da cikakkiyar lahani.
- Irin ƙwaro ba zai iya harba ko ciji mutum ba, saboda bashi da gabobin da ake bukata don wannan.
- Duk da bayyanar sifa, lokacin da akwai haɗari, babban kwari yin kamar sun mutu.
- Macizai da tsuntsaye sune manyan abokan gwoza.
- Masana kimiyya sun gabatar da ka'idar cewa tsofaffin rhinos ba sa cin abinci. Suna rayuwa daga abubuwan gina jiki da suke tarawa yayin matakan tsufa. Tabbatar da wannan ka'idar aikin toshiya ne na ƙwayar narkewa.
Bishiyar mu na rhinoceros ba ita kaɗai ba ce a duniya. Bayan wannan, akwai wasu nau'ikan halittu da yawa na dangin Oryctes. Ainihin, waɗannan sune nau'ikan wurare masu zafi (hakika, manyan kwari a duniya, goliaths, an dauke su dangi ne na kusa).
Halayya da salon rayuwa
Duk da yawanta, wannan irin ƙwaro yana haifar da wasanin gwada ilimi ga masana kimiyyar halittar dabbobi saboda yanayin rayuwa. Kwari ba sa son hasken rana, yawo daga matsugunansu kawai cikin duhu. An nemi saboda wani dalili a cikin wani sabon yanayi, irin ƙwaro yana ƙoƙari ya hanzarta tono wani wuri.
Rayuwar mutum mai balaga (girma) yana daga watanni 3 zuwa 5 - daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin kwari, irin ƙwaro ba ta daɗewa: kamar sauran kwari, an tsara albarkatun jikinsu don tsarin kiwo guda ɗaya kawai.
Kiwo
Mace da aka yi wa ciki takan saka ƙwai a cikin ƙasa mai kwance, inda ta mutu da gajiya, ba tare da ta taɓa zuwa farfaɗinta ba. Bayan watanni uku na girma, tsutsa tsintsiya daga kwai, wanda ya girma ta cin ɗan abin da ke cikin shekaru 3. A wannan lokacin, yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin girman, kuma a farkon bazara pupates a cikin kwakwa, wanda yake shirya kanta. Kimanin wata daya daga baya, wani tsoho ya fito daga cikin kwakwa don kammala zagayar rayuwa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Muhimmin aiki na irin ƙwaro har yanzu ba a fahimta sosai. Abun kayan aikinsa na magana ya sa masu bincike suna zargin cewa manya ba su iya cin abinci cikakke. A zahiri, saman taban da ke jikin alkyabbar, maimakon hakora da aka rufe da bristles, sun fi yiwuwa su yanke hukuncin cin abincin ruwa.
Tsutsa, sanye take da faifan jaws mai ikon cinye dogayen layuka a cikin kasar, wani lokacin yakan haifar da matsala ga yan lambu, har suka isa Tushen 'Ya'yan itace da wardi. Wani lokacin larvae sa quite tangible lalacewar amfanin gona greenhouse by gnawing asalinsu, amma, a gaskiya, da lalacewar daga gare su ba za a iya kwatanta da lalacewar cewa larvae na May gherkins yi.
Iri daban-daban
Bai kamata kuyi tunanin cewa wannan kyakkyawa ba, kuma gaba daya mara lahani, wanda muke haduwa lokaci-lokaci a cikin yanayi, kuma wasu masoya suna kiyayewa a cikin kwayar su, ita ce kawai wakilcin irinta. Misali, kwayoyin halittar Oryctes kadai sun hada da nau'ikan halittu 40.
Yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rhinoceros suna da ban sha'awa. Daga cikin nau'ikan gargajiya, mafi ban sha'awa sune
- Herculean irin ƙwaro (Dyn ጣዕም herkules),
- Unicorn irin ƙwaro (Dyn dandano tityus),
- Jafananci rhinoceros irin ƙwaro (Trypoxylus dichotomus),
- Asiya ko dabino rhinoceros irin ƙwaro (Oryctes rhinoceros),
- Kwayar gandun daji na Rhinoceros na Australiya (Xylotrupes ulysses),
- Gwanin rohin neotropical ko giwa irin ƙwaro (giwayen Megasoma).
Hanyar gwagwarmaya
Idan lambu suna damun kowane lardin na beetles, to girke-girke na ma'amala dasu sun fi ko lessasa da kama. Hanya mafi sauƙi kuma ta muhalli ita ce shuka ƙasa tare da Clover. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa larvae da yawa kwari ba su yi haƙuri da wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa na nitrogen, wanda tara a kan nodules na Legumes na takin. Af, wannan hanyar kuma yana taimakawa cikin sarrafa sako.
Watering kasar gona da jiko na albasa peels kuma yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Ana zuba 1/3 na guga na husk a saman da ruwa, nace tsawon kwanaki 5, an narkar da shi a cikin rabin kuma yana shayar da gadaje kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Bugu da kari, kamshin wasu tsire-tsire, irin su elderberry, lupine, da mustard, kabeji da sauran tsire-tsire na dangi na gicciye, tsoratar da kashe ƙwaro da lardin su.
Gabaɗaya, magana, ƙwayar rhinoceros ba ta cikin kwari na aikin gona, haka ma, an jera shi a cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya, saboda yawanta yana raguwa a hankali. Don haka, ba lallai bane in ba tare da wata bukata ta musamman ba don amfani da hanyoyi masu wahala dangane da shi: wannan ba zai kawo fa'idodi ba ga wannan nau'in halittar halittu ko kuma gidajenku.
A yau, akwai maganin shafawa na cizon sauro wadanda zasu taimaka rage cunkoso da zafi. Kara karantawa a labarin.
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Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Daga cikin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na irin ƙwayar rhinoceros, ya kamata a lura cewa, bisa ga ka'idojin yanayin sararin samaniya, ba zai iya tashi ba, duk da cewa ya jimre da rijiyar nan kuma yana motsawa zuwa nisan mil 50. Af, wannan kuma ya shafi sauran manyan ƙwaro irin ƙwaro - watakila ƙwararrun masanan da ke cikin ilimin sararin samaniya ya kamata su magance wannan batun a ƙarshe?
Kari akan haka, jawn chitin da irin kwaro an rufe shi da wani nau'in '' gemu 'na kayan goge-goge wadanda zasu iya tara karfin wutar lantarki kamar sufurin wuta, Idan kwaro ya fadi a cikin mutumin da ya rasa daidaituwa a sararin samaniya, zai ji ɗigar wutar lantarki.
Kuma a ƙarshe, an buga wata kasida mai ban sha'awa a cikin mujallar Mashahurin Mewararru. Hakikanin sa shine wannan: babban ƙwaro rhinoceros na iya ɗaukar nauyi wanda yake daidai da nauyin jikinsa, musamman kyamarar bidiyo mai ƙanƙantar da hankali. A microchip an riga an shigar da shi cikin jikin kwari, kuma don haka suna sarrafa shi ta hanyar nesa, suna aika shi don cire aibobi masu wuya. A Japan da China, suna shirin inganta wannan ci gaba don bincika mutane a wuraren bala'i.