Puma dabba ce mai tsinkaye daga dangin Feline. Mafarauci mai gwaninta da adreit, ɗaya daga cikin wakilan haskakawa masu haske da manyan kwalliya na manyan kuliyoyi. A cikin wannan labarin zaka iya ganin kwatancen hoto da hoto na cougar, koya abubuwa da yawa da sababbi masu ban sha'awa game da rayuwar wannan kyakkyawan bishiyar daji.
Menene cougar yayi kama da me ake kira?
Puma tana kama da cat mai ƙarfi, tana da jiki mai sauƙin sassauƙa, tare da dogayen tsoka. Abubuwan daidaitawa don daidaita bishiyoyi. Puma yana da gajeren wando da daddare.
Yawancin cougars na yau da kullun suna da launi mai launin shuɗi, ƙananan gefen jikin mutum ya fi sauƙi sama da na sama. Cutar fuska tare da alamun baƙar fata da kunnuwa masu duhu.
Tsawon tsayin jiki na cougar shine 100-180 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine cm 60-75. Tsawon tsinkayen shine 60-90 cm, nauyin cougar zai iya kaiwa kilo 100. Sanannen abu ne cewa maza sun fi maza yawa. Matsakaicin nauyin mata yayi daga kilogiram 30-50, kuma maza - 60-80 kg.
Wannan cat na daji yana da wasu sunaye. Ana kuma kiran Puma ɗan zaki da cougar.
Ina cougar yake zaune?
Puma wakilin waje ne na manyan kuliyoyin daji. Puma yana zaune ne a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, yana da babban yanki sosai - daga Yukon (Kanada) zuwa Patagonia (Kudancin Amurka).
Dabbobin dabbobin suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tudu kuma baya jin tsoron manyan tsaunuka. Hakanan ya fi son zama a cikin gandun daji na coniferous da na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka samo a cikin fadama da kwari.
Cougars kusan kusan gama gari ne, suna iya motsawa sauƙaƙe tare da tsaunukan dutse da kankara, hau kan bishiyoyi daidai kuma suna iya iyo sosai cikin ruwa. Cougar dabbobi yana iya daidaitawa da rayuwa a kowane yanki.
Manyan cougars galibi suna zaɓar rayuwa ita kaɗai, ban da uwaye ne da ke da kittens da ma'aurata na lokacin canjin. A cikin daji, cat dinta na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Yaya cougar farauta?
Cougar ƙwararren maharbi ne kuma kyakkyawan maƙiyi. Yana da hangen nesa mai kaifi sosai, don haka cougar ya yi farauta a yamma da duhu. A wasu halaye, yakan tafi farauta da rana. Wannan cat mai tsinkaye tana da nasa dabarun farauta, babbar dabara ce.
Kayan daji dabbar daji yakan fara zuwa ganima daga wurin dabbar, domin kada yaji ƙanshi. Harin cougar ya faru ne ta hanyar tsalle a bayan wanda aka kashe, bayan wannan sai zaki dutsen ya karya wuyanta ko kuma ya kama makogwaronsa da hakora har ya fara cikowa.
Cougars suna da hankali sosai da wayo, suna ɓoye naman da aka ci rabin, suna cika shi da ganye. Yunƙurin, sun kõma ga abin da aka ɓoye. Gawarwakin da ba a kammala ba suna ba da abinci ga sauran dabbobin da ke kewaye da su.
Puma ta fi son cizo, gwiwar hannu, guanaco. Koyaya, ciyawar da aka yanka ta cin naman wasu dabbobi, har da cougars da dabbobi. A cikin shekara guda, cat guda yana cin abinci daga kilogiram 800-1300 na nama, wanda shine kusan unguwanni 48.
Zakin dutsen ɗan Amurka yana da hakora talatin waɗanda suke da ƙarfi da ƙarfi kuma sun dace da su don lalacewa da kasusuwa. Yana amfani da fuka-fukai wajen kamawa da kama ganima.
Cougars yana da ikon tsalle zuwa tsayin mita 6 zuwa tsayi 6 zuwa sama da tsayin mita 2.5, kuma yana yin gajeren zango a saurin sa har zuwa kilomita 60 / h. Zakin dutsen Ba'amurke yana da iyaka wurin neman farauta. Na mata cougars yana daga 26 zuwa 350 km², kuma ga maza - daga 140 zuwa 760 km².
Puma Cubs: Haɓakawa da Ci gaba
Puma - dabbar tana da natsuwa. Tana buga kukan mai ƙarfi kawai a cikin lokacin mating, wanda da farko yana faruwa ne lokacin da yake shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Cougar ciki na tsawon watanni uku. A matsakaita, ana haihuwar cuban 2-3 a cikin cougar, mai nauyin 250-450 g da tsawon tsayin jiki 25-30 cm.
Cougars kittens ya bambanta da manya a farkon wuri a cikin launi. Matasan cougars suna da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da baƙar fata, wanda ke canzawa da shekarun shekara guda.
Cuban Puma suna buɗe idanunsu makonni biyu bayan haihuwa, haƙoransu na fari sun fadi a lokaci guda. Da farko, 'yar tsana puma tana da launi mai launin shuɗi, wanda a hankali yake canzawa bayan watanni shida. A tabo a kan Jawo fara Fade by watanni 9 da sannu-sannu bace by 2 years.
'Ya'yan puma kittens sun fara cin abincin manya tun yana shekara shida, amma har yanzu madara tana cikin abincinsu. Matasan cougars suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekaru biyu, a wannan lokacin ne suke gudanar da koyan dukkan dabarun da ake buƙata na rayuwa da farauta, don ƙarin rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Bayan haka, cuban sandunan cougar suna neman filayen farautarsu, amma suna iya kasancewa cikin rukuni tare da brothersan’uwa maza da mata tsawon watanni bayan barin mahaifiyarsu.
Babban cat na Amurka ba shi da abokan gaba. Mutane kalilan ne suka yanke shawarar yin yaƙi tare da babban cougar mai ban mamaki da sauri. Lokaci-lokaci, wasu manyan masu farauta zasu iya kai hari ga matasa masu karamin karfi.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin kuma kuna son karanta game da dabbobin daji, biyan kuɗi don sabuntawar rukunin yanar gizonku don zama farkon wanda ya karɓi kawai sababbin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da dabbobi daban-daban na duniyarmu.
Bayyanar
Puma shine ɗan itacen da ke girma a duniya, na biyu kuma a Amurka, damisa, zaki da jaguar ne mafi girma. Wannan cat ya kai tsawon 100-180 cm, tare da tsawon wutsiya na 60-75 cm, tsayi a cikin ƙishirwa na 60-90 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 105 (maza). Ordinaryarancin talakawa na yau da kullun sunkai kimanin kilogram 60-80. Mace sunkai kusan 20-30% fiye da maza.
Jikin ɗan cougar yana da sassauƙa da elongated, kafafu sun yi ƙasa, kai yana da ɗan ƙarami. Hannun kafaffun na baya sun fi girma sama da gaban. Wutsiya tana da tsayi, tsoka, a ko'ina.
Hannun ƙafafun suna da faɗi, tare da kaifi, yatsan hutu, yatsunsu 4 akan kafafu, da guda 5 akan goshin .. Ana amfani da dakar dakaɗawa don kamawa da riƙe ganima, har zuwa hawa bishiyoyi. Hannun yatsun yatsu sune m, a kan diddige diddige akwai madaidaitan lobes guda uku - alama ce gama gari ga duk kuliyoyi.
Cougar yana da hakora talatin: 6 incisis, 6 canines, 6 (a saman) da 4 (a kan ƙananan) premolar da motsi 2 a kan muƙamuƙi. Tsarin hakori: I 3 3 C 1 1 P 3 2 M 1 1 = 30 < nunistyle I <3 akan 3> C <1 akan 1> P <3 akan 2> M <1 akan 1> = 30 >. Ana amfani da dogayen tsummoki don kama ganima kuma su soke fata da tsokoki, ƙaramin incisors suna aiki don cire ulu ko gashin fuka-fuki daga ganima. Strongaƙƙarfan hakora na wannan cat ana dacewa da su don kwantar da hankali nama da karya kasusuwa.
Halin hakora na ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamu a cikin tantance shekarun cat. Teethan madara a cikin cougars ya ɓarke tsawon watanni 4 na rayuwa. Tsayayyen hakora zasu fara farawa ne da watanni 6-8, kuma har ya zuwa shekaru 1.5-2 gaba daya suka fashe. Tare da shekaru, tsintsaye da manyan abubuwan fashewa suna nika sosai da duhu.
Jawo danshi yana da kauri, amma gajera da mara nauyi. Tare da jaguarundi, cougars sune kawai kuliran Amurkawan da aka fentin su da launi iri ɗaya, saboda haka sunan kimiyya na wannan nau'in concolor, wanda ke fassara daga Latin a matsayin "monochrome". A cikin tsofaffi, pumas mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa, launin ƙananan ɓangaren jiki yana da sauƙi fiye da na sama. Gabaɗaya, launi na pumas yayi kama da launi na babban abincinsu, dabbar. A kirji, makogwaro da ciki na cougar akwai alamun fari, a jikin mucks akwai alamun baƙi, kunnuwa suna da duhu, wutsiya mai ɗauke da baki. Cougars daga wurare masu zafi suna ƙanana da ja, yayin da cogars na arewacin yayi launin toka.
Launin matasa cougars ya banbanta da na manya. Gashin kansu ya yi kauri, rufe da duhu duhu, ratsi a gaban da gaban kafafunsu, kuma zobba a wutsiyoyi. Coan kwayayen jarirai sun buɗe idanun su sati 2 bayan haihuwa. Da farko, suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, amma bayan watanni shida sannu a hankali ya canza zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko amber. A tabo a kan Jawo fara Fare bayan watanni 9 na rayuwa, kuma gaba daya bace cikin shekaru biyu.
An san cewa haske har ma da farin cougars, har da masu duhu masu duhu, ana samun su a Latin Amurka ta ƙarshe (J. Buffon ya bayyana shi a matsayin couguar noire) Albino cougars da melanists ba a sani ba cikin yanayi.
Rarraba da Biyan Kuɗi
Tarihi, dodo ya kasance mafi girma a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a Amurka. Har wa yau, cikin sharuddan latitude, puma ya iya zama kamar (daga felines) kawai tare da trot na kowa, jan trot, cat daji da damisa. Da farko, an samo cougars kusan ko'ina daga kudu na Patagonia zuwa kudu maso Alaska, yankin da aka rarraba shi daidai da kewayon babban abincinsa - dabbar iri. Yanzu a Amurka da Kanada, an kiyaye cougar a yawancin yankunan tsaunukan yamma. A gabashin Arewacin Amurka, an lalata cougar gabaɗaya, ban da ƙananan pean tsirarun masu karamin karfi Puma concolor coryi a Florida.
A halin yanzu, yanki na puma ya ninka zuwa 100 ° latitude - daga Yukon (Kanada) da kuma zuwa kudu, yana rufe kusan dukkanin Kudancin Amurka dama har zuwa Patagonia.
Ugungiyar Cougar
Tsohuwar rarrabuwa, wanda aka danganta da halayen halittun halittun dabbobi, wanda aka adana har zuwa 1999, aka kasafta kusan kashi 24-30 na cougar:
- Puma concolor acrocodia - Daga kudu maso gabas Mato Grosso zuwa Bolivia da arewacin Argentina,
- Puma concolor anthonyi - kudancin Venezuela,
- Puma concolor araucanus - Chile da Argentina,
- Pent concolor azteca - daga Arizona da New Mexico zuwa Mexico City,
- Puma concolor bangsi, wanda aka samo a arewacin Andes, daga yammacin Kolombiya zuwa Ekwado,
- Puma concolor browni - Daga Arizona A Baja California (Mexico),
- Puma concolor californica, wanda aka samo a California da arewacin Baja California,
- Puma concolor concolor - galibi Venezuela, Guyana,
- Florida Cougar ( Puma concolor coryi ) gudu daga Arkansas da Louisiana zuwa Florida,
- Cougar Costa Rican ( Puma concolor costaricensis) ana samunsa a Tsakiyar Amurka, daga Nicaragua zuwa Panama,
- Cougar Oriental Puma concolor couguar) an samo shi a arewa maso gabashin Amurka da kudu maso gabashin Kanada, daga Tennessee zuwa gabashin Michigan,
- Puma concolor mai bincike - Amazonia,
- Puma concolor concolor - Daga Dakota zuwa Wyoming da Colorado,
- Puma concolor improcera - Kudancin Baja California
- Puma concolor incarum - arewacin Peru da kuma kudu maso Ecuador,
- Puma concolor kaibabensis - Nevada, Utah da Arizona ta Arewa,
- Puma concolor mayensis - daga Guerrero da Veracruz (Mexico) zuwa Honduras,
- Faharizan Puma consolor missoulensis - daga British Columbia zuwa Idaho da Montana,
- Puma concolor oregonensis - kudu maso gabas na British Columbia, Washington da Oregon,
- Osgoodi na Puma concolor, a cikin Bolivian Andes,
- Puma concolor patagonica - Patagonia,
- Puma concolor pearsoni - Patagonia da Kudancin Chile,
- Puma concolor pumasamu a tsakiyar Chile da kuma yammacin Argentina,
- Puma concolor soderstromiYarjejeniyar Ecuadorian
- Puma concolor shorgeri - daga Minnesota da Wisconsin zuwa Kansas da Missouri (ƙarewa),
- Puma concolor stanleyana - daga Oklahoma da Texas zuwa arewa maso gabashin Mexico,
- Pco concolor vancouverensis, tallafin labarai game da. Vancouver
Tsarin zamani
Fitowar zamani, dangane da binciken kwayoyin, ya bambanta rabe-raben cougar guda 6, waɗanda a haɗe suke da rukuni na 6 na ilimin halittar jini:
- Puma concolor couguar - Arewacin Amurka (daga Kudancin Kanada zuwa Guatemala da Belize),
- Puma concolor costaricensis - Amurka ta tsakiya (Nicaragua, Costa Rica da Panama),
- Pric concolor capricornensis - gabashin yankin Kudancin Amurka (daga kudancin tekun na Amazon a Brazil zuwa Paraguay),
- Puma concolor concolor - Kudancin Arewacin Kudancin Amurka (Kolumbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ekwado, Peru, Bolivia),
- Puma concolor cabrerae - tsakiyar yankin Kudancin Amurka (arewa maso gabashin Argentina, Uruguay),
- Puma concolor puma - Kudancin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka (Chile, kudu maso yammacin Argentina).
Cougar Florida
- Cougar Florida (Puma concolor coryi) Shin mafi sauƙin haɗarin cougar. Yawaitar yanayi a cikin 2011 ya kasance fiye da mutane 160 (kuma a cikin 1970s ya ragu zuwa kusan mutane 20). Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da fadama na kudancin Florida (Amurka), galibi a cikin ajiyayyun wuri.Babban Tsarin National Cypress. Dalilin da ya sa ya ƙare ya kasance shine fadama fadama, farauta, shayi da kuma ƙarancin abubuwan halittar, wanda yake haifar da haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Florida cougar yana da ɗan ƙarami a girma kuma yana da manyan paws. Launin gashi mai duhu ne, mai launin ja. Sakamakon inbreeding, mutane na waɗannan ƙasashen sun sami rukunin wutsiya mai lanƙwasa. Akwai shirin tsallake cougars na Florida tare da cougars na wasu ƙasashe don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin zaman jama'a, mai sarrafa kansa.
Wani asusun tallafi na Gabashin Amurka, Wisconsin cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri), ya mutu daga shekarar 1925
Rayuwa & Abinci
Ana samun cougars a tsaunuka daban-daban - daga filayen har zuwa tsaunika da tsayin 4700 m sama da matakin teku, kuma a cikin shimfidar wurare daban-daban: a cikin gandun daji na dutse, a cikin gandun daji mai zafi, a kan tudu, a cikin pampas, a cikin tsaunukan rami mai lalacewa da kuma gabaɗaya a kowane yanki da ke samarwa suna da isasshen abinci da matsuguni. Koyaya, a Kudancin Amurka, cougars suna ƙoƙarin guje wa ƙananan ciyayi da ƙananan wuraren da jaguars suka zaɓa. Wadannan dabbobin an daidaita su sosai ga rayuwa akan yanayin kasa. Don haka, godiya ga gabobin tsokarsu, sun sami damar tsalle zuwa 6 m tsayi da tsayi 2,5 m, don gudu da sauri zuwa 50 km / h (albeit ga ɗan nesa). Puma a hankali yana motsawa tare da tsaunin tuddai, yana hawa bishiyoyi da kan dutse daidai kuma, in ya cancanta, ya iyo sosai.
Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, cougar dabba ce mai natsuwa. Ya yi sautin kukan, mai kama da kukan mutane, tana fitowa ne kawai a lokacin matsewa.
Cougars yana jagoranci daɗaɗɗen salon rayuwa (banbancin ma'aurata ne a cikin kwanakin 1-6 na lokacin dantakarar uwa da uwaye tare da kittens). Yawancin adadin jama'arsu, ya danganta da kasancewa na wasa, ya bambanta daga mutum ɗaya ta 85 km² zuwa mutane 13 daga 54 km². Yankin farauta na cougar mace yana ɗaukar daga 26 zuwa 350 km² kuma yawanci yana kan gefen maza. Shirye-shiryen maza zasu mamaye daga 140 zuwa 760 km² kuma basu taɓa karkatarwa ba. Ba safai ake ganin maza da yawa tare ba, ban da samarin cougars waɗanda suka bar mahaifiyarsu. A cikin dabarun sa, puma tana yin motsi na lokaci, hunturu da tashi cikin sassa daban-daban. Iyakokin yankin suna da alamar fitsari da feza, har ma da tarkace a jikin bishiyoyi.
Puma yawanci farauta da daddare. Ga mafi yawan ɓangaren, abincinsa ya ƙunshi mafi yawan ungulates: launin fata-fari, fari-tails, pampas deer, wapiti (dabbar ja ta Amurka), muwa, caribou, dabbobi masu kauri da dabbobi. Koyaya, cougar zai iya ciyar da dabbobi da yawa - daga mice, squirrels, mallaki, zomaye, muskrats, gangara, agouti, birai, tanda, giya na Kanada, rakoons, skunks da armadillos, zuwa coyotes, lynxes, alligators har ma da sauran cougars. Hakanan suna cin tsuntsaye, kifi, har ma da snails da kwari. Kamar damisayoyi da damisa, cougar ba ya bambanta tsakanin dabbobin daji da na gida, da kai hari kan dabbobi, karnuka, kuliyoyi da kaji lokacin da damar ta samu. Koyaya, yakan yanyanka dabbobi da yawa fiye da yadda za su ci. Cougar na iya kai hari ga dabbobin barbals, kuma akwai kwararan kwararan hujjoji da ke bayyana kararrakin kwalaron dabbobin da ke lalata manyan barbals ko ma gurneti. Alfred Brem ya bayyana wannan cat a matsayin dabba mai kwazo da jaruntaka.
Lokacin farauta, puma yawanci yana amfani da abin mamaki - yana cakuɗa zuwa babban ganima, sannan ya tsugunna a bayanta kusa da kusa ya karya wuyanta ta amfani da suturar jikinta, ko, kamar sauran kuliyoyi, sai ta kama makogwaronta da haƙoranta har ta fara jikewa. Puaya daga cikin puma tana cin kilogram 860 - 1300 na nama a shekara, wato, kimanin 48 ungulates. Cougars yana ɓoye naman da ba a gama ba, yana jan shi kuma ya yi barci tare da ganye, itacen goro ko dusar ƙanƙara. Sukan koma wurin ɓoye, wani lokacin maimaitawa. Cougar ya sami damar jan gawa zuwa nesa mai nisan gaske, sau biyar gwargwadon nauyin sa. Kabilun Indiyawan da ke zaune a Kudancin Kalifoniya sun yi amfani da wannan dabi'ar, suna ɗaukar gawawwaki waɗanda ba duka ba ne kuma ba a ji su ba.
Pirma ba shi da abokan gaba, amma sauran masu farautar na iya haifar da haɗari ga farce: jaguars, makarantun karnuka, ƙwaya, bea, baƙar fata, baƙi baƙi da kuma manyan alligators na Mississippi. Grizzlies da baribals dangane da aikin cougar a matsayin ɓoyayye, mai ɗanɗano wani ɓangaren ganima
Kai hari kan mutane
Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyin kuli-kuli ba, cougars ke da wuya kaiwa mutane hari, sun gwammace su guji su.Tsakanin 1890 da Janairu 2004, kusan rikodin ɗari aka rubuta a Amurka da Kanada, mafi yawan abin da ya faru ya faru ne kawai a tsibirin Vancouver. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa yara ne ko kuma gajerun mutane, kuma harin ya faru ne a almuru ko da dare. Cougars na iya samun sauƙin farfadowa idan mutum yayi motsi da sauri kuma shi kaɗai.
Kiwo
Pumas bashi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, kodayake a cikin latitude arewacin ana yawanci shimfida shi daga Disamba zuwa Maris. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin, kamar yadda ake samu a sauran kuliyoyi, tana yawan faɗa da faɗa da kukan mace da yawa na maza, namiji yana ƙoƙarin rufe duk macen da ke zaune a ƙasarta. Estrus a cikin mace yana kimanin kwanaki 9.
Lokacin haihuwar shine kwanaki 82-96. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi daga 1 zuwa 6 cubs masu nauyin 226-453 g da tsayin kusan cm 30 launin su launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ne, canji yana da shekara ɗaya. Idanun Kittens sun bude bayan kwanaki 8-10. A lokaci guda, hakoransu na farko suka fashe kuma suka fara wasa. Lokacin da ya kai makonni 6, sun fara cin abincin manya, amma sun ci gaba da karɓar madara. A wannan lokacin, dole ne mahaifiyar ta kawo ganima sau uku fiye da yadda aka saba. Har zuwa watanni 15-26, yaran sun kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu, sannan kuma ku je ku nemi dabarun farautarsu, kodayake za su iya kasancewa cikin rukuni na wasu watanni bayan barin mahaifiyarsu. Mata sun kai ga balaga yayin shekaru 2.5, kuma maza a shekaru 3.
A cikin yanayin, cougar yana rayuwa shekaru 10-13 (mafi girma a cikin mata fiye da maza), har zuwa 20 a cikin zoos.
Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya
Duk da cewa cougars suna aikin farauta kuma an rage adadin su saboda lalata yanayin, yawancin kuɗin suna da yawa sosai, tunda cougars zai iya dacewa da rayuwa a wurare daban-daban. Don haka, kusan ƙarewa a cikin Amurka a farkon karni na 20, yanzu yawan kumburi a yammacin wannan ƙasa ya kai kimanin mutane 30,000 kuma yana ci gaba da daidaita gabas da kudu.
Guda biyu na cougar an jera su cikin CITES Shafi na 1: Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis, Puma concolor couguar. Farauta don pumas yana da iyakance a duniya baki ɗaya ko an haramta shi, kodayake ana ci gaba da lalata saboda lahani da dabbobi da farauta.
Kawai rarar kuɗi da aka jera a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN tare da matsayin "a cikin mawuyacin yanayi" (da wahalhalun rayuwa), Mai cougar Florida ne Puma concolor coryi.
Haka kuma yana da kyau a lura cewa yanzu wasu mutane sun fara horar da cougars kamar dabbobi.
Bayanin da fasali
Ana kiran Puma daban. Baya ga babban abu, sunayen suna tartsatsi: zaki mai dutse, cougar. Daga cikin tsarukan da ke da alaƙa, dabbar tana matsayi na huɗu a cikin girman, bayan damisa, jaguar, zaki. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai 180 cm, wutsiyarsa ta kai 70 cm, nauyin mutum yana kai kimanin kilogram 80, amma manyan wakilai sun kai sama da kilo 100. Cougar masu girma dabam mace kasa da maza ta hanyar 25-30%.
Cougar cat cat
Jikin mai farauta bashi da sauqi. Wsarna suna da faffada, ana amfani da manyan fulotsan fyaɗe don kama ganima. A kan kafafu na baya, waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da na gaba, cougar yana da yatsu 4, akan gaba - 5 yatsunsu. Sharp claws taimaka cougars tsaya a kan bishiyoyi. Kamar kowane kuliyoyi, akwai lobes uku na madaukai a kan sheqa.
An yi karamar kankara da kunnuwa masu zagaye. Cougar a cikin hoto koyaushe tare da bayyana idanu kewaye da baki baki. Iris ne launin toka, hazel, kore. Teethaƙƙarfan hakora, dabbobi suna karya kasusuwa, ƙwayar hawaye. Matsayin ƙugiyoyi da manyan abubuwan ɓoye suna ƙayyade shekarun karnukan daji.
A launi na gajeren m Jawo ne launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka ko launin toka. Kashi da kai koyaushe suna cikin duhu da launi fiye da ɓangaren dabbobi. Alamun Whitish tan suna kan kirji, amai. Alamu masu duhu akan shugaban cougar, tip na wutsiya, kunnuwa.
Yanayin yana shafar tsarin launi na ulu: a cikin yankuna na arewacin, fur ɗin dabbobi yana da launin toka, a cikin yankuna masu zafi yana da ja. A cikin Latin Amurka, ana samun mutane masu haske sosai, fari, launin shuɗi mai duhu. Babu wani nau'in zabiya da ma'anar kwalliya tsakanin cougars Cougar baƙar fata, gwarzo na zane mai ban dariya "Mowgli", almara ce mai fasaha. Wani lokacin baƙar fata baƙaƙe ana kiran panthers.
Cougar akan itacen bushe
Launin ƙananan cougars ya bambanta. Ana rufe Jawo da baƙar fata, fararen duhu a ƙafafu, akan wutsiyar zobe. Bayan watanni 9 na rayuwa, alamomin su bushe, gaba ɗaya sai shekara biyu. Mayafin dabbobi yana da kauri, mai kauri.
Yunkurin cougar ya zama agile, mai sauri, cikin saurin tsalle wutsiya tayi aiki kamar daidaitawa. Ba kamar jaguars mai alaƙa ba, tigers, shiga tarkon ba ya ƙare da halayyar mahaukaci, amma tare da ƙyamar mafarauci bayan ƙoƙarin da yawa don 'yantar da kansa.
Ba kamar manyan zaki ba, damisa dusar ƙanƙara, damisa, damisa ba su da ikon yin motsa jiki da hayaniya. Amma suna yin zuhra, kamar mazaunan gida, cikin sadarwa tare da 'yanmata, wani lokacin suna yin kuwwa a lokacin matsu.
Cougar yana da ƙarancin abokan gaba. Ya raunana, matasa dabbobi za a iya farmaki da jaguars, grizzlies, alligators. Babban hatsarin da ke faruwa ga masu farautar shi ne mutumin da ya harbe su, ya kafa tarko. Cougar dabbar daji musamman da wuya kai hari ga mutum. Abubuwan da aka kai harin an tsayar da mutane, yara, ƙetare hanyoyin dabbobin da daddare. Yarda da taka tsantsan a cikin mazaunin dabbobi ya isa don guje wa haɗuwa mara daɗi.
Cougar a cikin hunturu
A Amurka, inda babban dabbobin farauta yake, dubun dubatar dabbobi sun kare. Godiya ga iyawar cougars don sajewa da wuraren da ba a saba gani ba ta hanyar matakan kiyayewa, yawan adadin jama'a yana murmurewa a hankali.
Iri Cougars
Tsarin zamani na cougars ya samo asali ne daga ɗaurin dabbobi zuwa wani yanki, bambancin kwayoyin halitta.
Puma concolor couguar - Tsarin jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, ya hada da irin mayukan Florida. Habitat a cikin fadama cikin gandun daji na kudancin Florida. Arancin mafarauta suna cikin littafin Red saboda wani mawuyacin hali.
Florida Puma tayi barazanar
Dabba karama ce babba, mai launin ja da launi, tare da manyan alade. Ingwancin dabba da ke da alaƙa kusa da kai ya haifar da bayyanar ƙarar juzu'in wutsiya. Sanadin lalacewar shine karancin fadama, guba, farauta dabbobi. Wannan ya hada da puma na gabashin, wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1925.
Puma concolor costaricensis - zauna a Amurka ta tsakiya.
Pric concolor capricornensis - Yankin rarraba a gabashin Kudancin Amurka.
Puma concolor concolor - rarraba a arewacin yankunan Kudancin Amurka.
Puma concolor cabrerae - rayu a Kudancin Kudancin Amurka.
Puma concolor puma - Yankunan rarraba a Kudancin Kudancin Amurka.
A halin yanzu, an haramtawa farautar pumas, kodayake suna ci gaba da kashe su saboda lahanin dabbobi.
Cougar Gabas ta Tsakiya
Rayuwa & Habitat
Ana kiran Puma dodo na Amurka saboda mazaunin sa a cikin yankuna yankuna na Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Maƙaddara sun mallaki yankuna masu tsafin har zuwa mita 4700, gandun daji, filayen ciyawa, kwari masu kwari. Ikon da ya dace da sabon yanayin zai kiyaye yawan dabbobi duk da dalilai na rayuwa masu illa. Cougars duniya ne a cikin ikon hawan bishiyoyi, gangaren tsauni, da kuma iyo cikin jikkunan ruwa.
Dabbar tana da tsalle tsayi tsawon mita 6-7 zuwa tsayi, tsalle akan wani tsayi mai tsayin mita 2.5-4.5, kuma yana haɓaka saurin kilomita 50 / h. Wani fasali na cougars shine saurin gudu kawai don gajeren nesa, to sun gaji. Saboda haka, dabbobi sukan hau zuwa tsauni yayin da suke cikin haɗari. An bayyana shari'ar lokacin da wani cougar ya tsere a saman babban murtsunguwa, yana tserewa fakitin karnukan.
Cougar yana da asali a rayuwa guda, sai dai lokacin mating. Yankin farauta na mace yana ɗaukar iyakar yankin na maza, ya mallaki 26-350 km². Maza sun fi girma girma - 140-760 km², ba mai kutsewa ba. Maza basu taɓa haɗuwa ba, ban da wannan shine farkon farkon rayuwa mai 'yanci. Iyakokin abubuwan makirci ana alamar su ta karce a bishiyoyi, dabbobin dabbobi. A cikin yankinsa, yanayin motsin yanayi na faruwa ne. Yawan adadin jama'a ya dogara da yawan wasan.
Yawancin farauta Puma ana yin su da dare - tana da kyakkyawan gani, ma'ana kamshi. A cikin neman ganima, dabbar tana da dabarar da kanta. Kullum yakan kai hari ba zato ba tsammani - yana tsalle daga kusa da kusa da bayansa, yana kwankwasa shi da yawan taro. Kimanin 45-50 artiodactyl dabbobi a kowace shekara suna zama wadanda ke fama da tsinkaya. Abincin da ba a gama buɗewa ba ya faɗi tare da ganye, rassan, dusar ƙanƙara.
Bayan wani lokaci, sai su koma ɓoye, a wasu lokatai ana ɗauke ragowar magabatan nesa nesa. Abin sha'awa, girman gawa zai iya wuce wanda ya kashe shi ta hanyar sau 5-7. Da yamma cougar - dabba m. Yana ciyar da lokaci cikin annashuwa a cikin kogon, yana yin kyakkyawan yanayi a rana. Tharfi, iko, ɓarna, dabara na dabba ya ba da ikon gaskatawa cikin ikon musamman na maƙiyin. Ta yaya dabba dabba, cougar wanda aka nuna akan zane na zane-zane.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Farautar zaki yana farawa ne daga maraice, yana ci gaba da daddare. Artiodactyls sun zama abubuwa na ganima, fiye da cin amarya a cikin girma da nauyi. A wani fada na gaba daya, yakin zai iya kawo karshen cin nasarar mafarauci. Amma wayo da dabara, abun mamakin - manyan alfanun cougar na gari. Dabbar tana zabar wani wuri na dako daga maɗaukaki domin ƙanshinta ya zama mai yiwuwa ga wanda abin ya shafa.
Cougar yana bin ganima
Jira da jiran lokaci, sahihi mai sauri da sauri akan wanda aka azabtar bai bar wata dama don fada ko da muza ko babban sa ba. Thearfewar cougar tana jujjuya wuyanta, ta cinye maƙogwaronta. Mafi yawan lokuta suna hana dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi da dabbobi masu yawa su shiga abincin cougar, amma maƙiyin da ke jin yunwa baya ƙin sauran dabbobi. Tsarin ya hada da:
- deer, gami da caribou, wapiti, farar fata, da sauransu,
- muzurai
- babban tumaki
- porcupines
- lynxes
- sloths
- kadara
- birai
- coyotes
- squirrels
- beavers
- zomaye
- armadillos, da sauransu.
A cikin lokuta mafi wuya, an ga cougar a cikin cin naman mutane. Farauta don manyan alligators, baribals, grizzlies suna cike da kama tsuntsayen, kamun kifi, kwari, harda katantanwa. Matsakaicin abu mai mahimmanci yana taimaka wa dabbar ta rayu cikin mawuyacin yanayi na abinci mai gina jiki. Wani lokaci puma yakan kashe rayuwarsa don kai hare-hare akan gonakin dabbobi, da wuraren kiwo, inda ba ta tsallake karnuka, karnuka, tsuntsaye ba.
Cougars namiji (a hagu) da mace
A cikin shekarar, cougar yana cin kimanin kilogram 1300 na nama. Wani fasalin maharbi shine sha'awar samun abinci tare da gefe don bukatun gobe. Puma yana canja wurin ragowar gawawwakin da ba a cinye shi ba, ya ɓoye shi a wurare amintattu, suna cike nama da ganye, rassan. Indiyawan, wadanda suka yi nazarin halayen cougar, sun bi ta don karɓar gawawwakin dabbobi. Cats da ke da ajiyar sun zama fiye da sau ɗaya daga cikin sauran masu farautar.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Sunan wannan maharbin ya fito ne daga yaren Indiyancin Peruvian. Wannan al'umma ta yi imani da labarin cewa cougar yaro ne wanda ya ɓace wanda ya zaɓi hanyar rayuwa ba daidai ba. Wataƙila wannan zancen ya samo asali ne saboda yawanci cougars yakan farauto dabbobi.
Wani sunan don cougar shine zaki na Amurka. Baƙi daga Sabuwar Duniya aka ba ta wannan sunan. Mazauna wurin suna alfahari da yanayin rayuwarsu, cewa dole ne su kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na haɗari koyaushe, inda wannan dabba mai ƙazamar ƙarfi zata iya kai musu hari a kowane lokaci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Puma an haɗa shi a cikin yawan nasarorin duniya kuma an jera shi cikin Littafin Guinness na Rukunin dabbobi a matsayin dabba mai mafi yawan sunaye. Jihohin da ke magana da Ingilishi kawai suna da abubuwa fiye da 40 na cat.
A da, an yi imanin cewa akwai nau'ikan dabbobi sama da 25 na waɗannan dabbobi. Amma a cikin duniyar yau, dangane da binciken kwayoyin, kawai an bambanta jinsuna 6, daga cikinsu 4 sun riga sun kare:
- Puma pardoides,
- Puma basudaida,
- Puma pumoides,
- Puma trumani.
Yarjejeniyar Puma na yanzu da Puma saceuaroundi suna zaune a Amurka. Tun da farko, sabbin jaguarundi sun tsaya a matsayin wata halittar ta daban ta Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a matakin kwayar halitta ya sami kusanci tsakanin wadannan jinsunan, sakamakon abin da tsarin na yanzu ke rarrabe su da wannan dabi'ar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: puan ƙaramar maan fari ma har yanzu bai sami tabbacin kimiyya na wanzuwar shi ba, kuma mai yiwuwa almara ne. A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan suna haɗa tare da gashin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wanda za'a iya kuskure don baƙar fata daga nesa.
Wani binciken na DNA ya nuna cewa cheetah shine mafi kusancin dangi na waɗannan kuliyoyin da ke cin amana. Jikinsa na yau da kullun ya ba da damar raba shi cikin dangi na Acinonychinae daban, duk da haka, dangantaka ta kusa da cougars duk da haka ya tilasta shi danganta shi da dangin kuliyoyi.
Bidiyo: Puma
Lokacin farin ciki da gashi gajere basu da tsarin magana. Jawo ja, launin ruwan ƙasa, wanda yayi kama da na zaki. Daga bambance-bambance - girman, rashin saƙa, tassels a kan wutsiya da hanci mai ruwan hoda. Akwai wani farin haske a ciki a ciki. Maƙarƙashiya cougars ana hange su, kamar lynxes, furcinsu yayi kauri da laushi.
Cubs suna buɗe idanunsu makonni 2 bayan haihuwa. A cikin jarirai, pumas suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, amma bayan watanni shida sai ya canza zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko amber. Tsarin kan rigar yana fara lalata lokacin yana da watanni 9, aibobi sun ɓace kuma gaba ɗaya suka ɓace cikin shekaru 2.
Ina cougar yake zaune?
Hoto: Mammal Puma
Gidajen Puma ya tashi daga Dutsen Rocky a kan arewacin Amurka zuwa Patagonia a kudu. Saboda karbuwa ga kowane irin yanayin rayuwa, mazaunin wadannan mafarautan sun bambanta sosai - daga dazuzzuka bayyane da kuma shimfidar wuraren tsaunuka zuwa gandun dajin da ciyayi. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da rufin asiri kuma suna guje wa wuraren buɗewa sosai.
Tun farko cougars sun rayu a yankuna daban-daban na Amurka, adadinsu shine mafi fadi idan aka kwatanta da duk sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na nahiyar. Amma saboda wargajewar jama'a, dabbobi dole suyi watsi da mazauninsu na asali. Wurin zama a wurinsu ya zo daidai da abin da suka farauto - barewa. Babban zaɓi na zaɓa shine wurare don tsari da abinci mai yawa.
Yawancin wuraren da za'a samo waɗannan dabbobin ya sa mazaunan karkara ba su sunayen ba daidai ba ko sunayen waƙa. Wasu ƙananan kuɗi suna masu suna bisa ga mazauninsu. Inda wannan magabacin yake zaune ya dogara da jinsinsa. Amma m duk sun fi son wurare tare da ƙaramin yanki bude kuma tare da ikon kwantan.
Tunda yanayin manyan kuliyoyi lamuni ne, maza na zaɓar wa kansu yankuna sosai, waɗanda ke daga murabba'in kilomita 20 zuwa 50. Yayin da mace take da karancin buƙata kuma ta mamaye wuraren da ke da tsawon murabba'in kilomita 10-20.
Me cougar yake ci?
Hoto: Puma Cat
Puma mafarauta ne ta dabi'a. Abubuwan da take ci a yawancin lokuta sun fi ƙarfin cin abincin ganima. A matsakaici, suna cinye kilogiram 1300 na nama kowace shekara. Waɗannan sune kamar 48 ungulates.
Tana farautar dabbobi iri-iri, gwargwadon mazauninsu:
Cougars bai bambanta dabbobi da dabbobin daji ba, don haka raguna, kuliyoyi, karnuka na iya zama waɗanda ke azabtar dasu. Tunda zasu iya raina bututun ƙarafa, suma suna farautar kwaɗi, kwari, katantanwa. Skunks sau da yawa suna amfani da makamansu na ƙonawa masu guba da cougars suna watsi da waɗannan dabbobin.
Zakin zakuna duwatsun dabbobi ne masu ƙarfin hali kuma galibi suna kai hari ganima da ta wuce girman su. Da farko, suna bin ganima daga mafaka, a hankali suna tsegumi, sannan a kai hari kan ganima daga baya kuma a karya kashin mahaifa ko choke. Saurin gudu da kuma ikon hawa bishiyoyi suna bawa cougar damar kama ostriches da kama birai a cikin bishiyoyi.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da hankali sosai. Ba za su taɓa daina cin abincin da ba a gama ba kuma ba za su raba shi ba. Cougars koyaushe suna komawa wurin kisan kai ko ɓoye ragowar a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ko rufe su cikin ganye. Cougars ba sa son gudu bayan waɗanda aka cuta. Idan tsalle na farko bai buga ganima ba, kuliyoyi ba za su kori ɗan lokaci ba.
Tsoffin dabbobi, armadillos, coyotes, marmots, squirrels, kwari, kananan tsuntsaye don zaki na Amurka wani haske, mai gamsarwa. Don bin ganima, cougars yayi kama da ban sha'awa da kuma tsalle a tsalle.Yawancin lokaci suna farauta cikin duhu, a ranar zafi suna son kwanciya a gefen rana.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Cougar daji
Tunda cougars masu cin gashin kansu ne bisa ga dabi'a, kowane ɗayan yana mallakar manyan abubuwan mallaka. Masu ɗaukar hoto suna alamar iyakokin ƙasarsu tare da fitsari, feces da nicks akan bishiyoyi. Rukunin wuraren mutanen da ke son juna na iya shiga tsakani, amma maza ba za su taɓa shiga yankin juna ba idan suna jin cewa kayan suna da ma'abuta.
Yana faruwa cewa kuliyoyin daji dole su canza yanayin saboda yanayi. Za su yi ƙoƙarin barin ƙasashen waje su mallaki yankin kyauta. Hanyar tayi nisa. Don haka, an sadu da cougar daga Wyoming a Colorado, kuma wannan shine kilomita ɗari biyar.
Zakin zakoki suna da haquri kuma dabbobi masu shuru. Idan tiger ya faɗa cikin tarko a ƙoƙarin 'yantar da kansa, cougar zai kasance cikin nutsuwa zai cire tarko, koda kuwa zai ɗauki kwanaki da yawa. Idan kuwa bai yi nasara ba cikin 'yanci da wuya, to ya fada cikin zina kuma zai yi shuru har yanzu yana kwance.
Cougars baya kaiwa mutane hari kuma suna kokarin nisanta su ta kowace hanya. Ba abin mamaki ba da la'akari da cewa ana san da saukin kai. Cougar ba zai nuna tashin hankali ba har sai ya kasance yana jin yunwa har ya kasance yana gab da cinye ko zai yi ƙoƙarin kare zuriyarsa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: 'Yan asalin Amurka ta Arewa sun yi imanin cewa cougars halittun shaidan ne. Hawayensu sun firgita kowa ya tsorata. Amma sautin kudanci, waɗannan kuliyoyin suna fitowa ne kawai cikin yanayin fushi, sauran lokacin da suka tsarkakakku kamar kuliyoyi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Puma Cub
Lokacin damuna na zakuna na Amurka bai daɗe ba - daga Disamba zuwa Maris. Vapors yana samar da kimanin makonni 2, sannan sake lalata. Kwai kawai waɗanda ke da yankin kansu suna da haɗari ga kiwo. Maza na iya yin aure tare da mata da yawa da ke rayuwa a yankuna kusa.
A wannan lokacin, tsakanin maza akwai faɗa don zaɓan waɗanda suke da babbar murya. Mai nasara yayi ƙoƙarin rufe mace da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu daga iyakokin makircin sa. Estrus din yayi tsawon kwana 9. A lokacin balaguro, kamar sauran kuliyoyi, cougars suna sa sauti mai ban tausayi.
Jurewar zuriya yana wadatar kwana 95. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, kitan kitse biyu zuwa shida na iya bayyana, wanda ke aunawa zuwa cm 30 a tsayinsa kuma yayi nauyi zuwa rabin kilogram. Bayan 'yan makonni, yaran sun buɗe idanunsu, kunnuwansu, hakoran farko sun fara girma. Tare da shekaru, zane a jikin mutum da zobba akan wutsiya sun ɓace.
Kallon uwayen cougar a gidan, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa mace bata barin kowa ya shiga cikin yayan kuma bai basu damar su kalli su ba. Zancen farko zai gudana ne kimanin wata daya bayan haihuwa. Har zuwa wata daya da rabi, jarirai suna shayar da madarar uwa, sannan kuma suka sauya zuwa abinci mai tsauri.
Iya tana kulawa da yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyu, bayan wannan sai matasa su nemi kayansu. Don ɗan lokaci zasu iya riƙe ƙungiyar, amma sai kowannensu yayi hanyar kansa. Mace suna shirye don kiwo a shekaru 2.5, maza a 3. A kan matsakaici, suna rayuwa shekaru 15-18 a cikin daji, a cikin bauta - fiye da shekaru 20.
Halitta Cougars maƙiyi
Hoto: Dabbobin Puma
Cougars kusan ba su da abokan gaba na halitta. Koyaya, har yanzu suna tsoron bears mai baƙar fata, jaguars, grizzlies, crocodiles, black Caimans, fakitoci na Wolves da manyan Mississippi. Baribals da grizzly suna iya jin daɗin ɗanɗano abincin da aka kama. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan dabbobin suna kai hari mai rauni, dattijo ko raunin rauni.
Daya daga cikin makiya shine mutumin da ya sanya tarko da tarko akan cougar, yana harbi kuliyoyi don riba. Cougars dabbobi ne masu saurin gaske kuma, idan za ta iya tayar da harbi daga bindiga, to, tarko zai sa ta wahala tsawon lokaci. Idan ba ta yi aiki ba, za ta yi shiru na jira dinta.
Shugaban Amurka Theodore Roosevelt ya kirkiro wata al'umma don kare dabbobi, amma a lokaci guda an ba da damar kashe cougars ba tare da hukunci ba tare da goyon baya ga shugaban al'ummomin binciken rayuwar New York. A cikin yankin Amurka bayan wannan an lalata ɗaruruwan dubunnun dutsen.
Tare da shigowar Turawa a yankin na Amurka, yawan lalacewar cougars ya fara ne sakamakon harin da magabatan suka yi kan dabbobi a matsayin kudi mai sauki. Daya daga cikin kudaden da aka karba a cikin jihohi da dama sunan "mayaƙin doki". Bayan haka, farauta don neman cougars tare da karnuka ya fara, yana tura su cikin bishiyoyi, inda za'a iya harbe kuli a saukake.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Cougar Predator
Duk da gaskiyar cewa an haramta farautar Pumas a kusan dukkanin jihohi, lalata halayen zakoki na Amurka ya ci gaba sakamakon hare-hare kan gonakin dabbobi. Amma, duk da cewa mazauninsu sun zama mara amfani saboda lalacewar mahallin, saboda sauƙin daidaitawa ga kowane yanayin rayuwa, yawancin jinsuna suna da yawa.
Kasancewar yana gab da ƙarewa a karni na 20 a Amurka, yawan pumas a yamma kawai yana da manya kusan 30,000 kuma suna ci gaba da mamaye jihar zuwa kudu da gabas. Yarda da kowane yanki yana taimakawa cougars su yawaita.
Sakamakon mamaye iyaka daga dutsen zaki, yawan jama’ar Florida puma ta kai darajoji masu haɗari kuma a halin yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Farauta, korar fadama da fadama dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi sun haifar da lalata jinsunan. A cikin 1979, akwai kusan mutane 20. Halittar halitta ba zai yuwu ba kuma ana kiyaye karnukan daji.
Talauci na kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da haihuwar jarirai masu rauni da nakasa, sakamakon abin da rigakafi ke raguwa kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka ke ƙaruwa. A yanzu, kowane ɗayan yana zaune a yankuna na Florida Reserve kuma adadin su yakai raka'a 160.
Na dogon lokaci, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa cougar gabashin, wanda asalinsa daga Kanada da Amurka, yana kan jerin rushewa. Amma a shekarun 1970, an gano wasu tsoffin mutane da yawa a cikin New Brunswick, wadanda aka kwashe su nan da nan. Shekaru da yawa sun sami nasarar yiwa kusan 50 mutane.
Pum tsaro
Hoto: Puma daga Littafin Jan
Guda uku na cougars an jera su a cikin Shafi I CITES: Puma concolor couguar, Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis. An haramta farautarsu a cikin dukkan ƙasashe ko iyakance. Koyaya, makiyaya ko masu farauta suna ci gaba da kare gonakinsu daga zakuna na dutse ta hanyar kashe cougars farauta dabbobin.
Florida puma Puma concolor coryi bisa hukuma ce aka jera su a cikin IUCN Red Jerin kuma an ba shi matsayin "cikin mawuyacin hali". Yana ƙarƙashin kulawa mai ƙarfi, an kirkiro ajiyar abubuwa tare da kiyaye namun daji, inda aka sanya radiyo don sa ido kan motsin dabbobi. A cikin dabbobi dabbobi suna da tushe kuma suna kawo zuriya.
Masana kimiyya suna aiki akan yuwuwar ƙetara jinsunan Florida cougar tare da sauran. An shirya sake tsara zakin Amurka a wasu jihohi, amma wannan aikin ba mai sauki bane. Yawan gandun daji na Florida ba sau da yawa da sauri, misali, gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka.
A halin yanzu, ana yin ƙoƙari don ɗaukar dabbobin daji kamar dabbobi. Koyaya, koyaushe akwai haɗarin tsaro na ɗan adam. Wadanda suke son kawo irin wannan dabba ta gidan zuwa gidan dole ne su tuna cewa wadannan magabatansu masu iko da alheri ba sa son yin biyayya ga kowa kuma sun fi kauna.
Cougar - halitta mai adalci cikin aminci dangane da mutum. An tabbatar da cewa sun guji mutane masu tsayi. Wadanda harin ya ritsa da su galibi yara ne ko kuma wasu mutane da ke yawo a kusa da zaki a dare. Idan ana saduwa da dabba, ba a ba da shawarar gudu, duba cikin idanunsa kuma kukan.
Puma - maƙaryaci ne mai sanyin hankali
A cikin cat cat puma an yi la’akari da ɗayan wakilan mafi alheri, masu ƙarfi, kyawawan dabbobi, waɗanda aka fara bayyana a tsakiyar ƙarni na 16. Wani suna na wannan babban cat shine cougar, ko zaki.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Babban dabba, mai ƙanƙan da girmansa ga ɗan hamayya zuwa jaguar, ya kai tsayin kusan 120-170 cm, kuma tare da wutsiya har zuwa 2.5 m. Tsawon jikin mutum na babban cougar cat shine daga 60 zuwa 75 cm, nauyi shine 75-100 kg . Maza sun fi girma fiye da na mata da kimanin kashi 30%.
Ja mai launin ja a wuyan kirji da kirji wani inuwa ne mai haske, a kai yana da launin toka mai launi, kuma a kunnuwa da wutsiyar wutsiya - sautunan duhu masu duhu, kusan baki cikin launi. Gabaɗaya, ƙaramin jiki yafi wuta sama da na sama.
Masu bambanta waɗanda ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka suna bambanta ta hanyar abubuwa masu mahimmanci na azurfa, kuma wakilan kudancin pampas da tropics sun kusanci sautunan launin ja. Waɗannan ne kawai kuliyoyin Amurkawan da ke da launi mai laushi. Jawo daga dabbobi yayi gajarta, mai taushi kuma mai yawa.
A dabba cougars hakora masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ƙayyade shekarun magabaci. Fanfuna suna kamawa don kama ganima, kuma suna yin lalata da tsotsan tsoka da kasusuwa. Tailaƙarin wutsiya mai ƙarfi yana taimakawa wajen daidaitawa yayin motsi da yayin tsalle kan farauta don cat na Amurka.
Canjin jiki mai sauƙin yanayi yana bambanta ta hanyar alheri na musamman. Shugaban yana karami, kunnuwa suna kanana, da zagaye. Alƙawura ƙasa, da faɗi. Kafafun kafaffun hular suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da yawa fiye da na gaba. Yawan yatsunsu a kan paws ya bambanta: huxu a kan hancin da biyar a gaban.
Habitat Cougars masu tsinkaya akwai shimfidar wurare daban-daban: duka wurare biyu masu laushi tare da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, pampas, ƙananan kwari mai zurfi, da kuma tuddai na tsaunuka a Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka zuwa tsakiyar Kanada. Zakin zakoki ya guji latti a arewacin.
Gabar mazaunin dabbobi tana da faɗi, amma a farkon karni na karshe, pumas a Amurka an kusan lalata. Rare puma dabba har ma ya fara hora. Shekaru bayan haka, yana yiwuwa a sake dawo da yawan jama'a, wanda yake daidai da girmansa da rarrabuwa ga damisa, lynxes. Lura cewa cougar mazaunan galibi inda manyan abubuwan farauta ke rayuwa - barewa. Hatta launin gashin furcinsu iri ɗaya ne.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Cougars - Dabbobin dajiyana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa shi kaɗai. Lokaci ne kawai da ke iya tayar da sha'awa ya tayar da sha'awar junan su a cikin su, tsawa mai tsaho tana nuni da samuwar ma'aurata.
Cougars suna zaɓar wa kansu wasu wuraren zama, iyakokin waɗanda aka yiwa alama a kusa da kewaye tare da karce a jikin bishiyoyi da fitsari. Kamfanoni na ɗabi'a ya kamata a cika da abubuwan farauta da wuraren mafaka. Gandun daji da filayen ciyawa yankuna ne da akafi so.
Ofimar da aka yankewa masu ƙaddara ta dogara da yawan ciyarwar kuma yana iya kasancewa daga mutane 1 zuwa 12 a cikin 80 km². Yankunan farauta na maza sun ƙunshi yankuna masu yawa daga 100 zuwa 750 km².
Shirye-shiryen samar da cougars na mata sun fi kadan, daga 30 zuwa 300 km². Yunkurin dabbobi a yankunansu yana da alaƙa da halayen lokaci. Puma tana ciyar da hunturu da bazara a wurare daban-daban.
Da rana, dabbobi suna yin tazara wani wuri a rana ko kuma suna hutawa a cikin rami a ɓoye. A maraice da daddare, aiki yana ƙaruwa. Lokaci ya yi da za a farauto ganima. Dabbobin da suka dace da ƙungiyoyi a kan tsaunin dutse, hawa bishiyoyi daidai, iyo.
Jarfin tsalle mai tsayi 5-6 m tsawo, fiye da 2 m girma da sauri da sauri har zuwa 50 km / h bai ba da dama ga wanda aka azabtar. Strengtharfi da jimiri na cougars yana ba su damar jimre wa jakar gawawwaki, wanda nauyinsu ya kai sau 5-7 fiye da nasu.
A dabi'a, cougar ba shi da abokan gaba. Predungiya mafi girma ne kawai za su iya jure da cougar, muddin dai ba a raunana cougar ba saboda rashin lafiya ko kuma rashin samari na dabbobi. Wolf fakitoci, jaguars, manyan alligators lokaci-lokaci kai hari kan cougar da ta kittens, idan sun ji mafi.
Cougars kusan ba sa kaiwa mutane hari, sai idan an tsinkaye mutum a matsayin mai tsokanar zalunci: yana motsawa da sauri, ba zato ba tsammani, ya tashi a lokacin fitowar dare ko farauta da dare. A wasu halaye, dabbobi kan guji haduwa da mutane.
Puma dabba ce mai haƙuri. Ba kamar hucin ba, wanda ke da hauka a cikin tarko, cougar zai kwantar da hankula da ƙyallen, koda kuwa zai ɗauki kwanaki da yawa.
Launi
Mayafin yana da kauri, gajere kuma mara nauyi. Launi ya kasance monophonic, a cikin babban cougar - launin toka-launin ruwan hoda ko launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi, ciki ya ɗan fi haske da baya. Alamar farin tan suna cikin kirji, makogwaro da ciki, akwai aibobi a baki akan kuncin, kunnuwa sun yi duhu, wutsiya kuma tana da hular baki. A cikin yanayin, akwai haske har ma da farin cougars, da launin duhu. Cougars a cikin tsibiran ya fi ƙanana da ja, kuma mazaunan arewacin yankuna ana fentin su a sautunan launin toka. Gabaɗaya, launi na cougar ya yi daidai da launi na babban abin farauta na magabaci - deer. Jawo cuban sandan ya yi kauri, an rufe shi da duhu baƙi, ratsi a kafafu, kuma zobba a wutsiya.
Siffar farauta
Yayin farauta, puma tana amfani da abin mamakin: ya cree har zuwa babban ganima daga baya ya tsugunna a bayan ta, yana karya wuyansa tare da nauyi, ko kama makogwaronsa ya fara dabbar dabbar. A cikin shekarar puma, ana buƙatar kilogram 860 - 1300 na nama (48 ungulates). Cougar yana ɓoye ragowar nama, yana faɗuwa da ganye tare da itace da goge goge, don dawowa daga baya zuwa abin da aka ɓoye.
Ina suke zama
Matsayi na tarihi na puma a Amurka ya kasance mai faɗi sosai, an samo nau'in ko'ina daga kudancin Patagonia zuwa kudu maso Alaska. Yanzu maƙiyin ya rayu a cikin Amurka da Kanada, a cikin tsaunukan tuddai a yamma, da kuma a Kudancin Amurka har zuwa Patagonia. A gabashin Arewacin Amurka, an lalata cougars gaba ɗaya, ban da ƙaramin adadin yawan wakilan Puma concolor coryi a Florida.
Halayyar
Cougars suna zaune a cikin filayen da kuma tsaunika a tsaunin 4700 m sama da matakin teku, a kan wurare da dama: gandun daji da yawa, gandun daji mai zafi, filayen ciyawa, pampas, kwari masu ƙarfi. Babban ka'idojin zabar wurin rayuwa don cougar shine wadatar mafaka da ganima. Limarfin tsoka na cougar yana taimaka wa maƙiyin tsalle zuwa 6 m a tsayi kuma har zuwa 2.5 m a tsayi, haɓaka saurin zuwa 50 km / h a takaice nesa. Cougars a hankali yana hawa tare da tsaunin dutse, na iya hawa bishiyoyi da kankara, yin iyo sosai.
Wannan dabbar tana da nutsuwa, kuma tana kuka mai ƙarfi, tana tunawa da kukan mutum, yana fitowa ne kawai a lokacin kiwo.
Cutar ciki da kittens
Cutar ciki tana daga kwanaki 82 zuwa 96. Akwai jarirai 1-6 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi waɗanda ke da nauyin 226-453 g tare da tsawon jikin mutum game da cm 30 launinsu launin ruwan kasa tare da launin baƙi. Idanu suna buɗewa kwanaki 8-10 bayan haihuwa. A lokaci guda, haƙora na farko an yanke. Daga mako shida, kittens sun fara canzawa zuwa abincin da suka girma. Iya har yanzu tana ci gaba da ciyar da su madara da kawo nama. Har zuwa watanni 15-26, jarirai suna zaune tare da mahaifiyarsu, sannan kuma su tafi rukuninsu.
Gaskiya ban sha'awa:
- Cougars da wuya a kaiwa mutane hari, sun gwammace a nisance su. Idan mutum ya yi sauri kuma yana shi kadai, to, a yamma ko da dare, cougar na iya kuskure da shi don ganima da kai hari.
- Shekarun cougar an tantance shi da yanayin haƙoransa. Madarar hakora a cikin dabba ta fashe a watanni 4. Dogayen hakora suna bayyana a cikin watanni 6-8, kuma har zuwa shekaru 1.5-2 gaba daya ya fashe. Tare da shekaru, suna lura kara da duhu.
- Pirma na iya jan ganima a nesa mai nisa, koda kuwa tana da nauyin nauyin 5-7 sau fiye da wanda ya kashe kansa. Kabilun Indiyawan da ke zama a California sun yi amfani da wannan dabi'a ta cougar, kuma suka dauko gawawwakin da tsintsayen da ba sa ci.