Grey shrike wani tsuntsu ne mai matukar wahalar gaske. Haɗu da shi a cikin daji yana da wuya matuƙa. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar zauna na dogon lokaci kuma ku jira ta. Bugu da kari, adadin wannan nau'in ya ragu sosai, kuma an jera tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Layi.
Wanda ya fara bayanin wannan nau'in shine wanda ya kafa kamfanin binomial nomenclature Karl Linneyya yi wannan a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Tarihin Bayanin Mafarin Grey
An fassara sunan tsuntsu daga Latin kamar "mai tsaron mahauta", wanda, a cewar marubucin waɗannan sunaye, yana fasalta mahimmancin rayuwar rayuwar launin toka - jiran wanda aka azabtar daga babban matsayi da tozarta shi zuwa ƙananan sassan waɗanda aka kama.
Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga dangin Shrike. Kakanninsu na kusa sune tabbatattu, wato, tsintsaye. A cewar masana kimiyya, waɗannan iyalai sun zauna a Miocene (kimanin shekaru miliyan shida da suka gabata). An yi imani da cewa wurin da ya faru na farkon wakilan zamani na shrikes shine wuri tsakanin Asiya orarami.
Bayyanar
Wannan tsuntsu yana da girma babba sosai.. Don haka, girman jikinta a cikin wani tsuntsu mai girma, a matsakaita, kusan santimita 25, kuma nauyin jin kunya shine gram 70. Tsuntsu na tsuntsu mai matsakaici-tsayi kusan santimita 36. Kyau mai launin toka yana da launi mai launi, an yi ado da baya a cikin tabarau masu launin toka, ciki kuwa da fararen fata. Hakanan, hoto yana sanya kirjin tsuntsun. Fuka-fuki da jela suna da launi mai launi baƙi mai haske, fararen fari suna gudana a gefen gefansu. Shugaban tsoratarwar yana da fararen fararen fata, kuma wani abin rufe fuska da baki ya shimfida daga gemun ido. A lokaci guda, mace da namiji ba sa bambanta da bayyanar.
Singing launin toka shrike
Maza suna da murya ya ƙunshi gajerun hanyoyi masu kyau amma kyawawa masu kyau tare da gurguɓan whistles. Yana jin wani abu kamar haka: “tu-tu krr-prii-prii” ko “trr-tour .. trr-tour”. A lokutan hadari ko kuma yayin da maza sukaji daɗi, sukan fito da dogon amma mai kaifi. Kuma don jan hankalin mace, mazan sun hada baki da waka. Don sadarwa da juna, sukan yi amfani da muryar shuru.
Habitat
Babban mazaunin sanyin launin toka shine bangarorin da ke da yanayin yanayi mai kyau da yanayin subarctic a arewacin hemisphere na duniya. Mafi yawanci zauna a Eurasia, Arewacin Amurka da kuma tsakiyar tsakiyar Asiya.
Wasu nau'ikan shrike suna da rauni kuma basa tashi zuwa wasu wurare. Wannan ya shafi tsuntsayen dake zaune a Sakhalin da tsibirin Kuril. Sauran wakilan dangin da ke firgitarwa, tare da kusancin lokacin hunturu, tashi daga kudu zuwa cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙusar ƙanƙara. Koyaya, a cikin kowace al'ummar wakilan wannan nau'in, akwai mutane waɗanda, gabaɗaya, ba sa tashi daga ko'ina kuma zauna a wurinsu.
Yawancin baƙin ciki yana zaune a wuraren buɗe ido, tunda yana da amfani a gare su su mamaye manyan wurare tare da babban gani, wannan yana ba su damar farauta cikin nasara.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kunya zata iya farautar duk wanda suke so. Amma mafi yawa, suna ciyar da ƙananan tsuntsaye da kwari. Akwai wasu lokutan da wanda abin ya rutsa da shi, da yake kokarin tserewa daga mafarautansa, ya fada hannun mutane, amma wannan bai hana wanda ya kashe shi ba, kuma ya kwace ganima kai tsaye daga hannun mutum. Tsuntsayen sun rataye ganima a jikin rassan kusa da gida, daga baya suka fara yanke gawar. Abin da ya sa aka kira wannan tsuntsu mai yanka. Duk lokacin da ake samun ganima da yawa, sukan bar wa wadanda abin ya shafa wahala cikin rashin abinci ko ma gaba daya. Don haka, a cewar masana kimiyya, suna horar da zuriyarsu a cikin farauta.
Rayuwa
Karkatattun tsuntsaye sune ganima. Don haka, tun da suka sami kyakkyawan matsayi don bin diddigin wanda aka cutar da su, sai su jira sannan kuma a kai musu hari nan da nan. Haka kuma, suna iya kai farmaki kan aikin gona da kuma samar da iska. Bayan wannan, sai su kama ganima su ci a can. Tsuntsu ya sami bunƙasa mai farauta sosai, saboda haka zasu iya farauta kuma baya jin yunwa.
Wakilan wannan nau'in tsuntsayen suna da rikice-rikice, don haka idan wani ya shiga ƙasarsu, nan da nan za su kai wa abokan gaba hari, ko da kuwa zai kasance sau da yawa ya fi girma.
Jin tsoro ba tsoro, a garesu bai banbanci ko waye zai kai hari ba. Kuma kuma, ba sa tsoron mutane kuma suna iya sasantawa kusa da wani wuri, inda za su yi shuru kudan zuma.
A gida na shrike ne babba. Gina gidan koyaushe ne mata sukeyi. Don gina gida, mace za ta ɗauki reshe a itace. Yawancin lokaci ana gina gida a ƙaramin tsayi, kimanin mita biyu. Suna yin hakan ne domin su sami saukin shigar da hakar ma'adanan girma.
Qwai yayi sanyi a tsakiyar bazara, da cikin wuraren sanyi, a farkon lokacin bazara. A lokaci guda, tsuntsaye suna kwance kusan ƙwai biyar kowannensu, waɗanda ke da ɗanɗano mai launin shuɗi tare da duhu mai duhu. Mace na tsunduma cikin ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayaye, kuma sau tari namiji yakan maye gurbin ta. Yin kiyayya yana da kimanin makonni biyu. Bayan kyankyashe, iyayen sun kula da zuriyarsu har zuwa kwana ashirin. Bayan wannan lokacin, kajin suna shirye su hau jirginsu na farko. Yawancin lokaci ana ciyar da ƙananan kwari ga cuban sandansu, amma wani lokacin zasu iya ba wa matafila ko larvae.
Gaskiya ban sha'awa:
- A shrivel ne wayo da sarcastic. Don haka, suna jawo hankalin musamman game da falda da shaho, kuma bayan sun kawo hari kan su, shingayen da ke ɓoye a cikin rassan bishiyoyi kuma a hankali suna waƙa daga can.
- Tashin hankali ya kori duk sauran mafarautan daga mazauninsu. Don yin wannan, sun gargadi takamaiman ganimar da ake farauta kuma masu ƙin farauta ba su da wani zaɓi face su bar wani wuri.
- Tsawon rayuwar wannan nau'in tsuntsaye a cikin daji shine daga shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar.
- Su mayaudari ne marasa tsoro da ke iya kaiwa hari ga duk wanda ya shiga yankinsu.
- Tsoro yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan karnukan da ke ci gaba da tsira lokacin sanyi lokacin da ƙananan ƙanana da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin daskararren dusar ƙanƙara. Duk da wannan, rawar jiki suna rayuwa daidai kuma a cikin tsakiyar lokacin hunturu zaka iya jin waƙoƙin canjinsu.
- Akwai wasu lokuta da aka kama shukar a cikin raga, amma a lokaci guda bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen kara azabtar da wanda abin ya rutsa da shi.
Tsuntsayen Bird
Akwai kimanin nau'in dozin da wannan tsuntsu da aka samo.. A Rasha, ana samun mafi yawan launin toka da julan.
- Grey shine mafi girma akan duk dangi. Shine mafi zaluntar mafarauta, yana da dogaye, kaifi mai kaifi da kuma karfi mai karfi.
- Zhulan - yana da karamin girman kusan 20 santimita. A wannan yanayin, taro na tsuntsu yana da girma babba a jiki don yanayinsa. Hakanan kuma, tsuntsu ne na ganima, yana da kaifi mai kaifi sosai. Gidajen galibi galibi kogi ne ko wuraren tafkin, amma da wuya a same su a cikin hanyoyin.
- Fuskokin fuska - girman yana kama da murkushewa, launi yana da kama da launin toka. Yana zaune musamman a cikin steppes da gandun daji.
- Red-kai - shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin iyali. Sunan ta don jan gilashi. Kuma, mafarauta ne kuma yana rayuwa a cikin gidaje da lambuna.
- Tiger - mai kama da mai cuta. Wararren fasalin shine tabarau masu launin ja ko'ina cikin jiki. Gidajen zama shine - gandun daji, steppes, wuraren shakatawa na birni da filayen lambun.