A yau, tsuntsun Indochinese yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wannan mafarautan sun zauna a cikin kasashe kamar su Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia. A shekara ta 2008, aka jera wannan reshen a cikin littafin Red tare da matsayin wani nau'in halittar da ke cikin hadari. Amma gaskiyar ita ce adadin wannan dabbar mai ƙarfi tana gab da kusan ƙarshen haɗari mai haɗari.
A Kambodiya, ana tsammanin ya ɓace, amma bisa ga wasu bayanan, daga masu kaddara 10 zuwa 30 suna zaune a can. A cikin Myanmar, akwai damisa guda 85, a Laos akwai 23, a cikin Vietnam akwai 19 kawai, kuma mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a Thailand. Kimanin mutane 250 ne ke zaune a wannan kasar. Ya kamata a sani cewa shekaru da yawa da suka gabata wannan reshe mallakar mallakar tatsuniyar Bengal ne, amma a shekarar 1968 aka sake samun matsayin ta daban a matsayin babban yankin ƙasa na kudu da kudu maso gabas na Asiya.
Bayanin
Kwanyar tiger Indochinese tayi kasa da girma ga kwanyar Bengal tiger. Hakanan akwai bambanci a cikin launi na fatalwar. A cikin Indochinese, yana da ɗan duhu, kuma rariyoyi sun fi guntu da gajere. Maza tsawonsu ya kai mita 2.55-2.85 tare da nauyin kilogiram 150-195. Tsawon mata shine mita 2.3-2.55. Nauyin ya bambanta daga kilogiram 100 zuwa 130.
Wannan dabbar tana a saman bene na sarkar abinci, wato, tana da matsayin babban maƙiyin. Amma a halin yanzu, Tigers na Indo-China suna raguwa, kuma a wasu yankuna gaba daya an cire su daga yanayin kasa. Wannan babban cikas ne tare da babban sakamako, kamar yadda ake rushe aiki da yanayin kasa. Bayan duk wannan, dambar tiger tana sarrafa haɓakar sauran alƙaluma kuma tana shafar raguwa ko haɓaka bambancin jinsin.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Predwararrun masu hasara sun yi aure shekara-shekara, amma mafi girma na lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a watan Nuwamba - Afrilu. Ciki yakan cika kwana 100-105. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi za a iya samun yawansu yakai 7, amma mafi yawan lokuta akwai 2-3. Cubs an haife shi tare da rufe kunnuwa da idanu. Suna budewa su fara aiki sati daya bayan haihuwa.
Duk cuban huhu na hu u ba ya rayuwa har shekara guda. A lokuta da wuya, duk litter ya mutu. Babban abin da ke haddasa mutuwa shi ne ambaliyar ruwa da gobarar daji. Matasan kunkuru sun bar mahaifiyarsu yana da shekaru 1.5-2. Bayan haka, sun fara rayuwa mai 'yanci. Mata suna yin balaga lokacin da suke shekaru 3.5, maza kuma sun girma bayan haka - yana da shekaru 5.
A cikin daji, damisa ta Indonesian na rayuwa shekaru 15-26. Tunda wadannan dabbobin suna da karancin bambancin kwayoyin halitta saboda karancin yawansu, kwayoyin halitta suke rauni. Wannan yana haifar da rasa haihuwa, har zuwa lahani daban-daban na jiki, musamman strabismus, lumbar lordosis, orofacial cleft.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Indochinese Tiger
Yayin karantar da burbushin halittu na damisa, an bayyana cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa sun rayu a duniya shekaru miliyan 2-3 da suka gabata. Bayan haka, dangane da binciken kwayoyin, an tabbatar da cewa duk damisa mai rai ya bayyana a sararin duniya sama da shekaru dubu 110 da suka gabata. A wancan lokacin, an sami raguwa sosai a cikin hanyar tabin kayyakin halittar.
Masana kimiyya sunyi nazari akan kwayoyin halittar 32 jinsunan gwaji kuma sun gano cewa kuliyoyin daji sun kasu kashi shida daban-daban na kwayoyin halittar. Sakamakon muhawara mara iyaka game da ainihin adadin asalin, masu binciken ba su sami damar mayar da hankali sosai kan maido da nau'in halittar ba, wanda ke kan iyaka.
Indochinese tiger (kuma ana kiranta da suna Corbett tiger) yana ɗaya daga cikin gwamnatoci 6 da ake da su, wanda aka ba shi sunan Latin Panthera tigris corbetti a shekarar 1968 saboda girmamawa ga masanin ilimin Ingilishi, mai kiyayewa da kuma mafarauci mai suna Jim Corbett.
Tun da farko, daman Malayan sun kasance rago a matsayin masu tallafi, amma a shekarar 2004 an shigo da yawan mutanen zuwa wani rukuni daban. Tigigtigigig Tigers suna zaune a Kambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand. Duk da yawan ƙananan damisar Indochinese, mazauna ƙauyukan Vietnamese har yanzu suna haɗuwa da mutane lokaci-lokaci.
Halayya da Abinci
Wadannan magabatan sun jagoranci rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Suna da sirri sosai, mai hankali, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a lura dasu a cikin daji. Dangane da haka, ba a fahimci yanayin halayen kuliyoyi na Indochinese. Suna cin abincin galibi a kan ungulates. Amma a wasu yankuna na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, deer, buffalo daji, boars daji sun dade da yawa saboda yawan farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wannan ya sanya damisar ta sauya zuwa karami.
Amma da kyar ta ba mai ƙarfi da babban karko da ƙarfi. Amma, bari mu ce, an riga an sami isasshen abinci don haifuwa. Don haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa yawan Indochinese yana raguwa daga shekara zuwa shekara. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon karancin abinci, saboda lalacewar mazaunin ɗabi'a da kuma dalilin poula. Ana farautar kuliyoyin tsintsaye, koyaushe ana amfani da gabobin jikinsu a likitancin China, kuma konkoma karãtunsa fãtun suna da mahimmanci
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Namomin Indochinese dabbobi
Tigis na Corbett ya fi na takwarorinsu ƙarfi - daman Bengal da damisa Amur. Idan aka kwatanta da su, damisa ta Indochinese tayi duhu a launi - ja-lemo, rawaya, kuma ragin ya riga ya zama ya fi guntu kuma wani lokacin suna kama da aibobi. Shugaban yana da fadi kuma yai ƙasa, hanci yana da tsawo da tsawo.
- tsawon mazan shine 2.50-2.80 m,
- da tsawon mata ne 2.35-2.50 m,
- nauyin maza shine kilogiram 150-190,
- nauyin mata shine kilogiram 100-135.
Duk da girman matsakaicin girman, wasu mutane zasu iya kaiwa nauyin kilo 250.
Akwai fararen tabo a kan cheeks, chin da kuma a cikin yankin ido; washekoi suna nan a gefan muck ɗin. Vibrissas fararen fata ne, dogaye kuma mara nauyi. Kirji da ciki fararen fata ne. Dogon wutsiya a gindi yana da fadi, bakin ciki da baki a ƙarshen; kimanin ratsi iri goma ana kan shi.
Kiyaye tiger na Indochinese
Ba a rage taimako ga tanadin kowane nau'in dabbobi daga wuraren dabbobi. Amma ƙananan hanyoyin da ake la'akari da su a zaman fursuna sun yi ƙanƙanuwa kuma ba a haɗa su da kowane tsarin kiwo. A shekara ta 2010, a cikin kananan namun daji 16 na kasashe daban-daban, an gano mutane 16 daga cikin 'yan asalin kasar Indochinese na Tiger 105. Daga daji, 314 zuwa 357 Tiger na Indochinese suna zaune. Kuma shi ke nan. Wannan shine, batun kula da kudaden tallafin yana da matukar wahala.
Fiye da rabin tiger na zaune ne a yammacin Thailand a Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Huai Kha Haeng. Wannan yanki mai kyau ne tare da gandun daji mai cike da wurare masu zafi. Babban abin mamakin shine gano rabe-raben mutane a gabashin Thailand. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin Maris 2017 kuma cikakken mamaki ne ga kwararru. Sun yi imani cewa Tiger Tiger ya rayu ne kawai a yamma.
A cikin Myanmar, damisar Indochinese tana zaune a cikin Tsabtace Muhalli na Tamanti kuma a cikin wasu ƙarin wurare biyu masu kariya amma kaɗan. Anan, a zahiri, shine mazaunin duk maɓalli mai iko. Amma babu wani shirin da aka yi niyya don adana ƙananan kudaden. Lambar sa ba ta karuwa ba, saboda haka makomar ba ta da tabbas. Amma bari muyi fata ga kammalan mutane da muradinsu na cetattun kuliyoyi na musamman.
Tsarin rayuwar Indochinese Tigers
Waɗannan dabbobin dabbobi ne kaɗai ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan kurmi, ƙasa mai bushe, tsaunuka da tsaunuka. Tiger na Indochinese suna ɓoye a cikin yanayi, sabili da haka, lura da su a cikin zaman talauci matsala ne dangane da abin da babu cikakken bayani game da salon rayuwarsu.
Yawancinsu suna cin ganyayyaki a kan manyan-matsakaita da ƙananan matsakaitan: boars daji, zambars na Indiya, mayuka, gauras matasa, banteng da makamantansu. Amma a wurare da yawa a Kudu maso Gabas Asiya, mutane sun kusan lalata dabbobi biye kamar su cupri, naman alade, naman daji, masanin masara, ƙwarya Asiya da makamantansu. Dangane da wannan, Tiger-Indiya na kasar Sin ya canza zuwa karamar ganima: kogunan jeji, masara, muntzhakov, telecidae, tsuntsaye, tsuntsaye har ma da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Aukar dabbobi ba su isa waɗanda ke fama da irin waɗannan ƙananan girma don biyan bukatun su, don haka a irin waɗannan yanayin yana da wahala magana game da haifuwarsu. Wannan halin da ake ciki tare da farauta shi ne babban dalilin raguwar yawan damisawar Indochinese.
Tigen daji na Indochinese dabbobi ne mai sirrin sirri.
Wadannan "manyan kuliyoyi" suna son yin iyo, suna da yardar rai suna iyo a yanayin zafi. Sun fi son farauta daga maharan da dare. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, daga hare-hare 10, guda ɗaya ne ke cin nasara.
Tigers suna yin sauti mai tsarkakewa, kuma suna iya yin kuwwa da kuwwa da babbar murya. Wadannan magabatan sun haɓaka ji da gani sosai, kuma ana amfani da vibrissae azaman taɓawa.
Babban barazanar da Tiger ya yiwa mutane shine mutane. Amma dabbobi na iya rama su iri ɗaya.
A cikin Vietnam, akwai wani yanayi lokacin da babban mutum, wanda ke da nauyin kilo 250 da tsayin mita 2.8, ya tsoratar da yawan mazaunan ƙauyuka na shekaru da yawa. Wannan Tigen ya kashe bijimai 30, duk da cewa mazauna yankin sun yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don kama magabcin. An gina shinge mai nisan mita uku a kusa da ƙauyen guda ɗaya, amma tiger ya yi tsalle a kai, ya kashe ɗan maraƙin da nauyinsa ya kai kilo 60, ya kama shi ya yi tsalle ya koma tare da ganima. Wannan raunin ya ji rauni mai rauni, bayan haka ya sami nasarar yin tafiyar kilomita 2.
Tigen daji na Indochinese suna da ƙarfi sosai, basu da makiya na halitta.
Tigen daji na Indochinese suna aiki sosai, suna iya yin nisa mai nisa a kowace rana. Suna iya gudu da saurin kilomita 60-70 a cikin awa daya. Jumpaya daga cikin tsalle-tsalle na wannan maƙiyin zai iya kaiwa mita 10 a tsayi.
Shekarun tigers na Indochinese shine 15-18, amma masu dadewa zasu iya rayuwa shekaru 26.
Tsarin zamantakewar tsuntsaye a Indochinese
Maza suna rayuwa mai kaɗaici, kuma mace suna rayuwa da mafi yawan rayuwarsu tare da zuriyarsu. Kowane mutum yana zaune a shafin sa na abinci, iyakokin waɗanda suke kulawa da himma sosai. Shirye-shirye na mazaje suna hadewa da yawancin abubuwan da suka mallaka na mace. Tigers suna lura da iyakokin makircin tare da fitsari kuma suna yin alamomi tare da maƙalaran bishiyoyi.
Tuni a watanni 18, 'Ya'yan sun bar mahaifiyarsu, kuma suka fara rayuwa da kansu.
Kiwo tiger na Indochinese
Wadannan "manyan kuliyoyi" aboki a duk shekara, amma ganiya tana faɗuwa a cikin hunturu. Mafi sau da yawa, maza ma'aurata tare da damisa, wurarenda suke a cikin yankin. Idan fiye da mace ɗaya suka kula da mace, faɗa ya tashi a tsakanin abokan hamayya.
Mace a lokacin estrus alama ta yankin da fitsari, game da shi ta nuna wa maza cewa ta shirya don ma'aurata. Namiji da mace suna ɗaukar kusan mako guda tare, yayin da suke yin aure kusan sau 10 a rana. Mace na yin ramin a wani wuri wanda ba ta iya haihuwa inda ta haihu. Mace na iya yin abokiyar aure tare da maza da yawa, wanda a sa'ilin ne zuriya zasu sami ubanni daban.
Cutar ciki tana kimanin kwanaki 103, bayan wannan mace ta haihu da jarirai 7, amma galibi akwai kananan yara biyu masu huji biyu a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. 'Ya'yan tsuntsayen damis ɗin Indochinese na iya zama sau 2 a shekara. Yara ba su da taimako da makanta, idanunsu na bayyana bayan kwanaki 6-8, kuma hakoran madara sun girma bayan kimanin sati 2. Dindindin hakora a cikin cubs girma a watanni 11. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kusan kashi 35% na 'yan mata suna mutuwa. Uwa tana ciyar da 'ya'yansu tare da madara tsawon watanni 6.
Yawan jama'ar yankin suna farautar waɗannan damis ɗin saboda fatansu, haƙar fata, hakoransu da gabobin ciki.
A watanni 6, 'Ya'yansu suna ƙoƙarin farautar ƙananan dabbobi. Yarinyar girma ya bar mahaifiyarsa a watanni 18-28. Mata sun zauna tare da uwayensu fiye da 'yan'uwansu. Balagagge a cikin mace na tigers na Indochinese yana faruwa ne a cikin shekaru 3.5, kuma maza sun zama manya tun suna shekara 5.
Tan ƙasar Indochinese tiger
Adadin daidaikun mutanen wannan tallafin, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, ya kama daga 1200 zuwa damis 1800. Amma an yi imanin cewa ƙaramin adadin ya fi gaskiya.
A Vietnam, kusan 3000 'yan Indochinese ke harbi ana harbe don sayar da gabobinsu, daga cikinsu ake yin shirye-shiryen maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin.
A Vietnam, an lalata kashi uku cikin uku na damisa don siyarwar sassan jikin mutum, tare da burin yin magungunan Sinawa.
Mafi yawan yawan damisar Indochinese sun zauna a Malesiya, tunda ana azabtar da farauta da yawa a nan, saboda haka yana da ƙima. Amma yawan tan Indochinese tigers suna fuskantar barazanar lalata, ba wai kawai saboda farautar bautar ba, har ma da gushewar kewayon.
Baya ga Tiger masu rayuwa a cikin yanayi, wasu mutane 60 kuma suna zaune a wuraren dabbobi. A cikin littafin Red, nau'in yana cikin matsayin dabbobi a cikin mawuyacin haɗari. An yi imanin cewa adadin tsuntsayen Indochinese suna raguwa da sauri fiye da sauran adadin masu tallafin, tunda masu ba da fata suna harbe mutum ɗaya a kowane mako.
Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna fatan cewa mutane waɗanda ba sa shan wahala daga mummunan tasirin ɗan adam zai iya rayuwa a nan gaba. Ana sanya manyan fareti a kan tigers waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasa tsakanin Myanmar da Thailand. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane 250 ne ke zaune a wurin.
Yawancin damisar Indochinese sun wanzu a Malaysia.
Bugu da kari, akwai yuwuwar samun karfin gwiwa a Tsakiyar Vietnam da Kudancin Laos. Don haka ya kasance yana fatan cewa za a sake adadin adadin Tigeris na Indochinese.
Ba da izinin isa ga yawan tsuntsayen Indochinese marasa iyaka, saboda haka ba da daɗewa ba masanan ilmin halitta suna da damar nazarin waɗannan dabbobin, sakamakon abin da ba a tantance bayanin da ya gabata ba. Bayani mai yawa na iya zama da amfani yayin aiwatar da ayyukan don adana biyan kuɗi.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
A ina ne Tigeris Indochinese yake zaune?
Hoto: Indochinese Tiger
Mahalli na magabatan ya fara daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya zuwa kudu maso gabashin China. Yawancin jama'ar suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Thailand, a Huaikhakhang. Karamin lamba yana cikin ƙananan Mekong da tsaunin tsaunin tsaunin Annam. A halin yanzu, matsakaita yana da iyakoki daga Thanh Hoa zuwa Bing Phuoc a Vietnam, arewa maso gabashin Cambodia da Laos.
Masu gandun daji runduna ce a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi tare da zafi mai zurfi, waɗanda suke kan tuddai na tsaunuka, suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi da marshes. A cikin mafi kyawun yanayi a gare su, akwai kusan manya 10 a kowace murabba'in kilomita 100. Koyaya, yanayin halin yanzu ya rage yawa daga 0.5 zuwa damisa 4 a kowace murabba'in kilomita 100.
Haka kuma, an sami adadin mafi girma a wuraren da ke haɗuwa da ciyayi da ciyayi da gandun daji. Yankin, wanda ya hada da kurmi kawai, ba shi da kyau a cikin masu farauta. Babu ɗan ciyawa, kuma damisa suna cin dabbobi da kofato. Mafi yawan su ana samun sa cikin magudanan ruwa.
Sakamakon kusancin kusancin yankuna da mazaunan yan Adam, ana tilasta tigers zaune a wuraren da babu 'yar farauta - gandun daji ko kwari mai kwari. Yankin da ke da kyawawan yanayi na masu farautar har yanzu ana kiyaye su a arewacin Indochina, a cikin gandunan Dutsen Cardamom, cikin gandun daji na Tenasserim.
Wuraren da dabbobi suka sami damar rayuwa suna da wahala a shiga don ɗan adam. Amma ko da waɗannan yankuna ba cikakke mazaunin damisa ƙasa ne na Indochinese ba, don haka adadinsu bai da girma. Ko da a cikin wuraren zama mafi dacewa, akwai wasu dalilai masu alaƙa waɗanda suka haifar da ƙarancin halayen halitta.
Me tiger na Indochinese yake ci?
Hoto: Tsarukan Indochinese cikin yanayi
Abincin da magabatanta ya ƙunshi babban ungulates. Koyaya, yawan su saboda farauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ya ragu da yawa ba da jimawa ba.
Tare da ungulates, kuliyoyin daji ana tilasta su yin farauta don wasu, ƙaramin ganima:
A cikin wuraren da yawancin dabbobi ke cutar da ayyukan mutane, species ananan halittu sun zama abincin fari na tsuntsayen Indochinese. A cikin mazaunin wuraren da ke da karancin unguwa, yawaitar Tiger shima ya ragu. Mafarauta ba sa nisanci tsuntsaye, abubuwa masu rarrafe, kifi, har ma da shayarwa, amma irin wannan abincin ba zai iya biyan bukatun su gaba ɗaya.
Ba kowane mutum bane yayi sa'a don zauna a wurin da akwai manyan dabbobi. A matsakaici, mai farautar yana buƙatar daga kilo 7 zuwa 10 na nama yau da kullun. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, yana da wuya a yi magana game da haifuwar halittar, don haka, wannan lamari yana shafar raguwar alkaluman jama'a ba ƙasa da farauta ba.
A Vietnam, babban mutum, wanda yake nauyin kilo 250, ya saci shanu daga mazaunan yankin na dogon lokaci. Sun yi kokarin kama shi, amma ƙoƙarin ya zama banza. Mazauna sun gina shinge mai nisan mil uku a kusa da mazaunin su, amma wani magidanci ya yi tsalle a kan sa, ya sace ɗan maraƙin kuma ya ɓoye daidai. Duk tsawon lokacin da ya ci kusan bijimai 30.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Dabbobin tsuntsaye masu ƙishin ƙasa a Indochinese
A dabi'ance, kuliyoyin daji dabbobi ne kawai. Kowane ɗayan ya mamaye yankinsa, amma akwai ɓarayi masu huɗa waɗanda ba su da rukunin kansu. Idan akwai abinci a ƙasa, filayen mata suna da murabba'in kilomita 15-20, maza - kilomita 40-70 a kowace murabba'in. Idan babu ƙaramin abu a cikin mahaɗin, to yankuna mallakin mata zasu iya kaiwa murabba'in murabba'in 200-400, kuma maza kamar 700-1000. Matsayin mata da maza na iya mamayewa, amma maza ba za su iya kafa madaidaiciya a yankun juna ba, za su iya cinye ta daga abokin hamayya.
Tigen daji na Indochinese yawanci magariba ne. A rana mai zafi, suna son jiƙa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma su je farauta da yamma. Ba kamar sauran kuliyoyi ba, amma damisa suna ƙaunar iyo da ruwa. Da yamma sukan farauta da farauta daga 'yan kwanto. A matsakaici, ɗayan ɗayan ƙoƙari guda goma na iya yin nasara.
Nan da nan yakan yanke wuyan da ƙananan abin farauta, da farko ya tattara manyan, sa’annan ya kakkarya tarko da haƙoransa. Wuri da ji suna daɗaukakawa sama da yadda ake jin ƙanshi. Babban sashin taɓawa shine vibrissae. Abokan haɓaka suna da ƙarfi sosai: ana yin rikodin shari'a lokacin da, bayan rauni na mutum, namiji ya sami damar yin tafiyar kilomita biyu. Zasu iya tsalle zuwa nesa na mita 10.
Duk da girman girmanta, idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinta, daidaikun mutanen wannan tallafin sun banbanta ba kawai cikin babban ƙarfi ba, har ma da juriya. Suna iya shawo kan manyan nisa a lokacin, yayin da suke haɓaka saurin kilomita 70 a cikin awa ɗaya. Suna bin tsoffin hanyoyin da aka bari yayin jigilar kaya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Indochinese Tiger
Maza sun gwammace da salon zaman aure, yayin da mace take cinye mafi yawan lokaci tare da sandansu. Kowane mutum yana zaune a shafin sa, yana kiyaye shi ta hanya daga waje. A bangaren maza, mata da yawa na iya yin rayuwa tare. Sunyi iyakokin dukiyoyinsu da fitsari, feces, kuma suna yin kwalliya a kan itacen bishiyar.
Kasuwancin tallafin a duk shekara, amma babban lokacin yana kan Nuwamba-Afrilu. Ainihi, mazan suna zabi damisayoyi dake zaune a yankunanta. Idan mata da yawa suna kula da mace, yawanci rikici yakan faru a tsakaninsu. Don bayyana niyya ta dacewar mace, damisa tayi girma da ƙarfi, mata kuma suna yiwa itace alamar fitsari.
A lokacin haila, ma'auratan sukan kwashe tsawon mako dukansu, suna harbi har sau 10 a rana. Suna barci da farauta tare. Mace ta nemowa kuma tana wadatar da keken ɗin a wani wuri da ba za'a iya zuwa ba inda nan da nan kwano zai bayyana. Idan dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta faru da maza da yawa, zuriyar dabbobi za ta sami 'ya'ya daga uba daban-daban.
Cutar ciki tana kimanin kwanaki 103, a sakamakon wanda ya haife jarirai 7, amma galibi sau 2-3. Mace na iya haihuwar zuriya sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 2. An haife arean makanta da makafi da kurma. Kunnuwansu da idanunsu suna buɗewa daysan kwanaki bayan haihuwa, kuma hakoran farko suna fara girma makonni biyu bayan haihuwa.
Dogayen hakora suna girma a shekara. Lokacin da yake da wata biyu, mahaifiyar ta fara ciyar da yaran da nama, amma ba ta daina ciyar da su madara ba har tsawon watanni shida. Kimanin kashi 35% na jarirai suna mutuwa yayin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Babban dalilan wannan shine gobara, ambaliyar ko kashe-sacen jarirai.
Tun yana dan shekara daya da rabi, 'ya' yan zakara sun fara farauta. Wasu daga cikinsu suna barin dangi. Mata sun zauna tare da uwayensu fiye da 'yan'uwansu. Ikon haihuwar yara a cikin mata yana faruwa ne a cikin shekaru 3-4, cikin maza a cikin shekaru 5. Tsawon rayuwa kusan shekaru 14 ne, a cikin fursuna har zuwa 25.
Abokan gaba na ƙabilar Tigers na Indochinese
Hoto: Indochinese Tiger
Godiya ga babban ƙarfi da juriya a cikin manya, babu abokan gaba, sai mutum. Yara dabbobin za su iya fama da maciji, allura na kwalliya ko daga ubanninsu, waɗanda za su iya kashe zuriya domin mahaifiyarsu ta sake farawa ta estrus kuma za su iya yin aure tare da ita.
Mutum na da haɗari ga kuliyoyin daji, ba wai kawai yana lalata abin da ke ci musu ba, har ma saboda yana kashe baƙi bisa doka ba da kansu ba. Sau da yawa ana yin lahani ne da gangan - ginin hanya da haɓaka aikin gona suna haifar da rarrabuwar yankin. Powararru masu yawa ne suka lalace saboda amfanin kansu.
A cikin likitancin kasar Sin, dukkan sassan jikin maharbi suna da matukar daraja, saboda ana ganin cewa suna da kayayyakin warkarwa. Magunguna sun fi tsada fiye da magunguna na al'ada. An tsara komai cikin magunguna - daga gashin-baki zuwa wutsiya, gami da gabobin ciki.
Koyaya, tigers na iya amsa wa mutane daidai. Neman abinci, suna yawo cikin ƙauyukan da ake satar dabbobi kuma suna iya kaiwa mutane hari. A Tailandia, sabanin Kudancin Asiya, akwai fewan aukuwa tsakanin mutane da kuliyoyi. Sabbin maganganun rikice rikice sun kasance a cikin 1976 da 1999. A kashin farko, bangarorin biyu sun mutu; a karo na biyu, mutum ya samu rauni ne kawai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Namomin Indochinese dabbobi
A cewar bayanai daban-daban, daga 1200 zuwa 1600 mutane na wannan nau'in sun wanzu a duniya. Amma yawan ƙananan alamar an dauki mafi daidai. A cikin Vietnam kadai, damisar Indochinese sama da dubu uku ta share tsawon lokaci tare da niyyar sayar da gabobin jikinsu. A Malaysia, ana azabtar da farauta da mummunar doka kuma ana kiyaye kariya ta yanayin inda makiyaya suke zaune. Dangane da haka, mafi yawan adadin Tigerisis Tigers ya zauna anan. A wasu yankuna, lamarin yana da matukar muhimmanci.
A shekara ta 2010, a Kambodia, a cewar na'urorin sa ido kan bidiyo, babu mutane sama da 30, a Laos - kusan dabbobi 20. A Vietnam, kusan duka mutane 10 ne. Duk da haramcin, mafarautan suna ci gaba da ayyukan su ba bisa ka’ida ba.
Godiya ga shirye-shiryen kare damisar Indochinese, ya zuwa shekarar 2015, adadin jama'a ya karu zuwa mutane 650, baya kirga dabbobi. Tiger da yawa sun rayu a kudancin Yunnan. A shekarar 2009, mutane kusan 20 ne suka rage a gundumar Xishuangbanna da Simao. A Vietnam, Laos ko Burma, ba a sami adadi mai yawa ba.
Sakamakon asarar mazauna saboda lalacewa, tsirar dabino na mai, yaduwar mazaunin ya faru, samar da abinci yana raguwa cikin hanzari, wanda ke kara haɗarin haɗuwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin maniyyi da rashin haihuwa.
Kiyaye damisawar Indochinese
Hoto: Indochinese Tiger
An jera nau'in a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya da Babban CITES (Shafi na I) kamar yadda suke cikin mawuyacin haɗari. An tabbatar da cewa adadin yawan damisar Indochinese yana raguwa da sauri idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe, tunda kowane mako ana kashe ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙaddara daga hannun malamin.
Kimanin mutane 60 ke cikin gidan dabbobi. Akwai wani filin shakatawa na kasa da ke yammacin Thailand a cikin birnin Huai Khakhang, kuma tun shekara ta 2004 akwai shirye-shiryen da ake da su don ninka adadin waɗannan masu wannan rukunin. Hiasan da yake kan tudu sosai a yankin sa gaba ɗaya bai dace da aikin ɗan adam ba, don haka ajiyar ɗan adam kusan mutane basu iya dashi ba.
Bugu da kari, akwai hadarin kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, saboda haka akwai karancin mafarauta da ke son yin buda ido a wadannan wuraren da kuma sadaukar da lafiyarsu saboda kudi. Yanayi mai kyau yana bawa masu izgili damar kiwo cikin 'yanci, kuma matakan kariya suna iya haifar da damar rayuwa.
A ƙarshen filin shakatawa, kusan mutane 40 ne ke zaune a wannan yankin. Yaran suna bayyana kowace shekara kuma a yanzu akwai sama da kuliyoyi 60. Tare da taimakon tarkunan kyamarar 100 waɗanda ke cikin ajiyar kayan, ana bin diddigin rayuwar magabatan, an yi rikodin dabbobi kuma an gano sabbin abubuwan rayuwarsu. Hannun fayiloli da yawa ana kiyaye su.
Masu binciken suna da bege cewa alkalumman da ba su fada ƙarƙashin mummunan tasirin mutane ba za su iya rayuwa nan gaba kuma su adana yawansu. Yiwuwar samun dogaro ga rayuwar mutane wanda ke tsakanin ƙasashen Myanmar da Thailand. Kimanin tigers 250 ke zaune a can. Tigers daga Tsakiya Vietnam da Kudancin Laos suna da babban damar.
Saboda iyakantaccen damar zuwa mazaunin wadannan dabbobi da kuma sirrinsu, masana kimiyya yanzu haka suna iya bincika sabbin hanyoyin kuma bayyana sabbin abubuwa game da shi. Indochinese Tiger yana karɓar babban goyon baya daga masu ba da agaji, wanda ke da amfani mai amfani ga aiwatar da matakan kiyayewa don adanawa da haɓaka adadin masu tallafin.
Sake bugun da kula da zuriya
Lokacin mating yana farawa ne a cikin Nuwamba kuma yana kasancewa har zuwa farkon Afrilu, amma na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Neman abokin tarayya a cikin daji mai yawa yana da wahala ga dabbar, sabili da haka, maza da mata suna ba da labari game da niyyarsu tare da roƙon roba da alamomin urinary. Rashin hankali yakan faru ne tsakanin maza.
Mata suna haihuwar firstya firstyansu na farko shekaru uku zuwa hudu. Mace na haihuwa sau ɗaya a cikin duka shekaru biyu zuwa uku.
Matsakaicin tsinkayen ciki a cikin tsuntsayen Indochinese watanni uku ne. Tigress ɗin yana tanadar ramin a cikin reed na tallafi, kayan fasa dutse, ƙananan kogo, rufaffen ulu da ciyawa.
A zuriyar dabbobi ya ƙunshi kittens guda biyu, uku, huɗu, da wuya biyar ko shida. Kashi na uku na zuriyar dabbobi ba ya rayuwa har zuwa shekara guda. Kittens sun buɗe idanunsu a sati na biyu na rayuwa, suna ciyar da madarar uwa har tsawon watanni biyar zuwa shida. Daga wata biyu, suna karɓar nama. Nan da shekaru biyu, suna shirye don rayuwa mai 'yanci.
A cikin zaman talala, tamogin Indochinese suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 26, a cikin daji - har zuwa 14 - shekaru 15.
Halin mai fasali
Tigen Indochinese shine maharbi wanda ke farauta da daddare ko a maraice. Loot yana kwance a cikin zagi, amma ba za ku iya kira shi da sa'a ba, tunda ƙoƙari ɗaya daga cikin goma ya zama mai amfani. Yafi son kwantawa a cikin inuwa a lokacin rana. Ba ta tsoron ruwa, a akasin wannan, tana son yin iyo a cikin kwanaki masu zafi.
Tiger na Indochinese yana da kaifin idanu da kuma kyakkyawan ji. Kamshin ya yi muni sosai. Vibrissas suna aiki azaman sashin taɓawa. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in Tiger, ana ɗauka Corbetta ba mai girma ba ne, amma dabbar da ke da ƙarfi tana da ƙarfi. Ba za ku iya kira shi da sannu ba, zai iya isa zuwa sa'in 70km / h. kuma yi tafiya mai nisa cikin yini. Tsalle na wannan mutumin mai kyau mita 10.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, daman Indochinese suna zaune shi kadai. Matan suna tilastawa ne kawai don ciyar da mafi yawan rayukansu don kiwon zuriya. Maza basa shiga cikin wannan. Kowane mai farashi yana da yankin kansa, iyakokin abin da ya yi alama tare da scrapers akan bishiyoyi da fitsari. Namiji ya mamaye yanki mafi girma fiye da mace. Dukkan abubuwan da ya mallaka mata sun mallake shi. Kowace dabba tana da ƙarfi don kare “gidanta”, yana hana mamayewa sauran kwarkwata a cikin yankin da ta mallaka.
Maƙiyi wanda aka gutsure yana son motsa kayansa tare da hanyoyin da aka bari, cike da kananan bishiyoyi da gandun daji waɗanda mutane suka sa lokacin girbin itacen.
Lokacin yanka
Lokacin da lokacin dabbar ta fara canjin, maza za su yi kwana da maƙwabta mata, waɗanda abin da kayansu ya jingina da kayan dabbar. Babu takamaiman takamaiman kwanakin da za su isa dabbar ta hanyar wadannan dabbobin, kiwo ana faruwa a duk shekara, amma duk da haka, lokacin hunturu shine lokacin da aka fi dacewa don wasannin daddauran kyawawan maza.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna la'akari da yin jima'i daga shekaru 3-5, 'yan mata' sun kasance a baya. Lokacin da damisa ta fara cire damuwa, to tana iyakance iyakar iyakokinta da fitsari. Ta wannan hanyar, maƙwabta maza za su san cewa nan da nan ta shirya don lokacin matta. Idan mace tana son sojan doki da yawa a lokaci daya, to, don su cimma matsayin wanda aka zaba, suna shirya fada a tsakaninsu. Oneaya mace zata aura tare da maza da yawa, haka kuma ,yanta zasu kasance daga uba daban-daban.
Lokacin mating yana wuce kimanin kwanaki 6-8. Duk wannan lokacin namiji da ta mace suna zama tare, farauta tare kuma suna yin bacci a gefe, kuma suna yin tazarar da yawa a cikin yini.
Zuriya
Matar tana jagorantar zuriya sau daya a cikin shekaru biyu. A cikin mahaifarta yakan sanya marayu kimanin kwana 96-113. A lokacin daukar ciki, damin zai lura da lafiyayyen wurin da ba za'a iya yin amfani da hanyar ba, kuma haihuwa tana faruwa a wurin.
A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda akwai yara marasa taimako na 2-3. An haifi Cubs kurma ne da makafi. Abin baƙin ciki ne a ce kashi 35% na 'yan ƙwaya suna mutuwa, ba a ma nuna alamar farkon rayuwarsu ba.
Kimanin kwanaki 7 bayan haihuwa, jariran suka fara gani. Hakora (madara) sun fara girma da shekaru biyu, makonni biyu, tsummoki masu ɗorewa suna ƙaruwa shekara. Ana yin layyar mace mai shayarwa har zuwa watanni shida, amma tuni a watanni 2 kodan suka fara ɗanɗano nama.
Daga shekara shida, mahaifiyar ta fara koyar da yara yin farauta da kananan ganima. Lokacin yana da wata takwas, tigers matasa masu rakiyar tigress - uwa akan farauta. Wannan ya ci gaba har sai sun cika shekara ɗaya da rabi. A wannan zamanin, "boysa boysan" suna barin kogo na asali kuma suna shiga rayuwar mai zaman kanta. 'Yan mata' suna tsawan zama tare da iyayensu (20-28 watanni).