Kifi na gambusia na kowa yana da bayyanar rashin daidaituwa. Doarshen ƙasa da bayansu cike suke da duhu. Mace na tunatar da kowa da mashahurin guppies, girma har zuwa mm 70 a tsayi kuma ya kai nauyin 3.5 grams. Yayin daukar ciki, wani wuri mai duhu da za'a iya gani ya bayyana kusa da fin fin din.

Jikin namiji ya yi launin toka, mai launin baki mara launi, ba su da yawa a cikin mace, suna girma har zuwa mm 30 akan tsayi, kuma suna samun adadin da bai wuce 0.4 grams ba. An juya fin fin din cikin gonotodia mai tsayi, wanda za'a iya gani a bayyane a hoto.

Wadannan kifayen ban mamaki suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 2, kuma matsakaicin shekarun mace ya fi girma. Suna da tasiri kuma suna da ikon samarda litter shida har a lokacin dumama tare da hutu tsakanin su na tsawon wata daya.

Labarin karamin matafiyi - Gambusia

Gambusia na kifin Arewacin Amurka a cikin yanayin yanayi yana zaune a cikin jihohin Indiana da Illinois, inda yake zaune a Kogin Missouri, da kuma manyan koguna da koguna. Wannan yanki ya zama tushen jirgin ruwa don sake maido da wannan halitta mara miskinci a duniya.

Ya isa ga cewa a cikin kasashe da dama ana daukar gambusia gama gari a matsayin ɗan mamaya, kuma gwamnatin Ostireliya ta hana tabbatarwa da sayar da ita, saboda tana da mummunan tasiri ga yanayin tsabtace wuraren rafin yankin. Amma tana kare al ofumomin sauran ƙasashe da yawa daga cututtukan cizon sauro, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran sa kifin sauro.

Ta yaya gambusia ta taimaka wajen magance zazzabin cizon sauro?

Kifi na wannan nau'in suna ciyar da larvae da pupae na sauro, yawancin suna yin wannan a cikin jikin ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsauri kuma ba ciyayi mai yawa ba. Don lalata cutar sauro, a karon farko da suka fara amfani da su a Amurka, a cikin jihar California. Kuma daga can, kifi na gambusia, yana samun saurin shahara, ana yin jigilar shi a duk faɗin duniya.

• Musamman, 1921 shine farkon farkon fara karatunsa a Spain, 1922 - a Italiya.
• Ba da daɗewa ba, wannan nau'in ya ninka a cikin tafkunan waɗannan jihohin biyu, wanda ya sa barkewar cutar malaria ta barke, kuma daga nan cutar ta faru ba kawai.
• Daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Spain, Gambusia ta tafi Hawaii da Philippines, zuwa Argentina da Palestine.

Dokta Rukhadze N.P., wanda a lokacin shi ne darektan Cibiyar Tsibirin Abkhaz a shekarar 1925, ya kawo karamin mayaki da zazzabin cizon sauro a yankin USSR. Sannan ya kasance yana kan tafiya ta kasuwanci a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Rome, ya yi nazarin kwarewar Italiyanci a cikin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma an ba shi mata masu ciki na gambusia da wasu maza a cikin adadin 240. Zuwa inda aka nufa, garin Sukhumi, ya kai kwafe 153.

Gwajin da aka yi a cikin jirgin tare da lardin sauro da kuma karamin tafki ya yi nasara, kuma tuni shekaru biyar bayan haka, a cikin wuraren rijiyoyin Abkhazia da yawa akwai gambusia. Abin godiya ne kawai ga kasancewarsu, har zuwa shekarar 1950, idan aka kwatanta da 1930, adadin masu cutar malaria ya ragu da ninki ashirin. Ko da a cikin wuraren da a baya kusan kashi 50% na yawan jama'a ke fama da wannan cuta, ta fara bayyana kanta a cikin keɓaɓɓun al'amuran.

Bayan gama-gari gambusia ya sami nasara sosai a Abkhazia, an fara sake yin shi a duk yankuna na USSR inda aka lura da barkewar zazzabin cizon sauro: Adjara, Gabashin Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Crimea, Arewacin Caucasus, Kudancin Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan da yawa wasu.

Shin gambusia zata rayu har zuwa tsammanin Ministan muhalli na Georgia da kuma shugaban birnin Sochi?

A shafin yanar gizo mai suna http://sputnik-georgia.ru/ a farkon watan Yulin wannan shekara ta 2016, bayanai sun bayyana cewa an shirya wani gagarumin shiri na gambusia cikin koguna da tabkuna a gabashin Georgia. Dalilin wannan taron shi ne hana haifuwar sauro wadanda ke yada cutar Zika.

Gambusia an riga an ƙaddamar da shi a Tbilisi a cikin tafkin Turtle. A cewar Ministan Muhalli na Georgia: "Wannan taron ya zama abin hanawa yayin yakar cizon sauro." Ministan ya tunatar da cewa a cikin karni na karshe, Gambusia ta jure da sauro cizon sauro.

Al'adar kiwo gambusiya tana farfadowa a yau a Sochi. Kalli bidiyon tare da rahoton:

Ta yaya mutane suka lura da fa'idodin gambusia a yaƙi da cutar malaria?

Yawan wasu ƙasashe na duniya sun yi matuƙar godiya ga wannan kifin saboda kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro wanda ya sanya duwatsun ga shi. An sanya lambobin tarihi a Corsica, cikin Isra'ila da kuma a Adler.

Yankin Adler na Sochi ya shahara a kan dutsen Gambusia, wanda Anatoly Medvedev, mazaunin garin ya kirkiro. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya tura ta kofar ofis na birnin tare da gabatar da wani abin tunawa, amma babu kudi a cikin taskar Sochi.

Sannan ya yanke shawarar neman masu tallafawa kuma bai yi asara ba, - adadin cafes da shagunan da aka kasaftawa kudaden da suka dace. Kuma adadin ba karamin abu bane, kifi na tagulla ne kawai yakai 240,000 rubles. Kuma a lokacin bazara na 2010, gambusia tagulla ta zama wurin girmamawa a cikin garin Adler.

Hakanan, ana iya nuna tsohuwar a gidan kayan tarihi na Abkhaz na Lore, wanda Gambusia ta farko ta zo Sukhumi a cikin 1925.

Kiwo

Wannan nau'in ya fara zuwa Turai a matsayin kifin kifin kifaye. A cikin zaman talala, zaka iya kiyaye wadancan gambusia da aka kama daga wurarenmu. Kodayake a yau waɗannan kifayen suna da ɗanɗuwa saboda rashin bayyanar mai haske, wanda za'a iya gani ta hanyar ganin hotunan gambusia.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, duk da tsananin yaɗuwar su a cikin daji, masu neman ruwayen ruwa suna ɗaukar gambusia ɗaya daga cikin mafi wahalar haifarwa tsakanin jinsunan masu rayayyun rayuwa.

Don samun zuriya daga dabbobinku kuna buƙatar bin wasu ƙa'idodi:

• Ga kowane namiji, ya kamata ya kasance daga mata uku zuwa huɗu, da niyyar kare kowannensu daga ɗabi'ar wuce gona da iri, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka daban-daban.
• Saboda iyawar gambusia na jinkirta haihuwa yayin da ake fuskantar barazanar, ya kamata a sake tura su zuwa wani ganga a lokacin da ya dace, tunda ma mazajen dayan nau'in ma suna yin wannan barazanar a cikin akwatin kifaye.
• Zazzabi ruwan don haihuwa na al'ada ya zama daga 23 zuwa 28 ° C.
• Bayan mace tayi, sai a cire ta daga soya, saboda tana iya ci.
• Ya kamata a ciyar da matasa dabbobi tare da abinci mai bushe tare da ciyar da abinci na wajibi - microworms, naupilia of brine shrimp da sauransu.

Yarda da sauran nau'ikan

Gambusia, wanda hotonta ya nuna mana karamin kifi mai ƙanƙan da yawa, hakika ƙabila ce mai tayar da hankali. Suna da ikon kawar da ƙarancin kifayen jinkirin, tare da nau'in tare da tsinkayen tsayi. Gambusia ta yi kyau kawai tare da masu kima, kazalika da wasan wuta da makaman Sumatran.

Kuna iya, ba shakka, girma kifi a cikin tsarin monoculture. Duk da irin yanayin da yake da shi, a cewar wasu masana aquarists, zai yi kyau sosai a cikin akwatin kifin wanda aka yi wa ado da sautunan launin baki da nau'in algae guda ɗaya, alal misali, hygrophilic. Amma ko da a cikin monoculture daya bai kamata ya daidaita gambusia mai yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye ba, saboda, idan yawan mutane sun cika yawa, zasu zama m har da juna.

Haɓaka gambusia a cikin yanayi

Kifi suna da misalai. Zasu iya jure yanayin zafi sau dayawa daga 1 zuwa 40 ° C, ashirya da zaran zafin yanayin ruwan dake kusa da shi ya sauka kasa 10 ° C kuma yayi matukar aiki yayin bayyanar saurin sauro daya cikin ruwa. Gidan gambusia na Sochi yana da kwarewa sosai game da kiwon wannan nau'in kuma masanan sa sun ce kifaye suna iya rayuwa ba kawai cikin sabo ba, har ma a cikin ruwan gishiri, har ma da ruwan gishiri fiye da wasu tekuna.

Menene kifi ke ci a cikin yanayi na halitta da kuma a cikin akwatin kifaye

Abincin na yau da kullun na gambusia kwari ne da wasu nau'ikan algae. Kowane ɗan gambusia yana cinye lardin sauro kusan 100 a rana.

Amma ga rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, to abincin abincin kifin ya hada da:

• Abincin wucin gadi.
• Abubuwan rayuwa na yau da kullun da daskararre - Artemia da Daphnia, cututtukan jini da algae.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

Gambusia affinis ko gama gari shine ɗayan fishan kifayen da suke zaune a Arewacin Amurka, waɗanda suka afka wa kantuna na kantin sayar da dabbobi.

Wurin haihuwar kifin shi ne Kogin Missouri da koguna da ƙananan koguna na jihohin Illinois da Indiana. Daga can, ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, da farko saboda ƙamusinsa mai ban al'ajabi.

Abin takaici, a yanzu ana daukar gambusia a matsayin nau'in cinyewa a kasashe da dama, kuma a Ostiraliya ta girgiza yanayin yanayin wuraren kwalliya, kuma an haramta sayarwa da kiyayewa.

Koyaya, a wasu ƙasashe, yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar lardin sauro ta hanyar cin su da rage yawan sauro.

Haka ne, yana da tasiri sosai har sukan gina mata lambobi! Wutar Gambusia da aka sanya a cikin Adler kuma ana samun ta a cikin Isra’ila da Corsica.

Bayanin

Gambusiya na kifin kifin kifin ya girma kaɗan, mace kusan 7 cm, maza sun cika ƙanana da gajiyawa kai girman 3 cm.

A waje, kifayen ba su da wata ma'ana, mace tana kama da mace mai farin ciki, kuma maza suna da launin toka, baƙar fata a jikin mutum.

Tsammani na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 2, tare da maza masu rayuwa basu gaza da mata.

Tsayawa gambusia a cikin akwatin kifaye ba abu bane mai sauki, amma mai sauki ne. Zasu iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin zafin jiki ko ruwa tare da daskararre.

Sun yarda da ƙarancin oxygen a cikin ruwa, ƙarancin ruwa, da canjin yanayi.

Duk waɗannan halayen suna sa ta zama kyakkyawan kifi ga masu farawa, irin wannan har ma zai kasance yana da wahala a gare su su kashe ta. Abin tausayi kawai ta hadu sau da yawa.

Kodayake ana samun yawancin gambusias a cikin tafkuna, suna kuma iya rayuwa a cikin gidan kifin gida don sarrafa sauro. P

Ba sa buƙatar babban girma, lita 50 sun isa, ko da yake ba za su ƙi ƙarin gwangwani ba.

Abubuwa kamar su tace ko a ruwa ba su da mahimmanci a garesu, amma ba za su zama masu zubewa ba. Kawai ka tuna cewa waɗannan kifayen viviparous ne, kuma idan ka saka matattara a cikin akwatin kifin, zai zama tarko domin soya. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ciki, ba tare da sutura ba, tare da tsummoki ɗaya.

Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa don abubuwan ciki sune: pH 7.0-7.2, dH har zuwa 25, zazzabi na ruwa 20-24С (yana sauya zazzabi ruwa har zuwa 12 С)

Ciyar da abinci

A yanayi, galibi suna cin kwari, da kuma adadin abincin shuka. A rana, kifi ɗaya na iya lalata kusan ɗaruruwan larva na malalar sauro, kuma cikin makonni biyu ya riga ya zama dubbai.

Dukansu wucin gadi da na daskarewa ko abinci mai rai ana cin su a cikin akwatin gidan abinci. Abin da suka fi so shine abincin jini, daphnia da artemia, amma suna cin duk abincin da kuka basu.

A cikin yanayinmu, da alama ba za ku iya bayar da lardin cizon sauro (wanda bai kamata ku yi nadama ba), amma zazzabin jini cikin sauki. Zai fi dacewa a ƙara lokaci-lokaci da ciyarwa da ke ɗauke da fiber.

Habitat

Bodiesananan jikin ruwa marasa ƙarfi na Arewacin Amurka suna faruwa, kuma yaɗu ko'ina. A zahiri ta shiga cikin tsarin kogin, inda ba a zaune a baya, domin yakar kwari masu shan jini. Gambusia tare da jin daɗin ci lardin sauro na ruwa.

Sigogi na Kifi:

Girma - 3 - 6 cm. Abinci - kowane

Kiwo / kiwo

Kyakkyawan kifin mai tsada, don tsalle-tsalle baya buƙatar ƙirƙirar kowane yanayi na musamman. 'Ya'yan sun bayyana sau da yawa a shekara. Duk tsawon lokacin shiryayye, qwai masu hadu suke a jikin kifin, kuma amintaccen abin da ya samu ya bayyana a hasken. Wannan fasalin ya inganta ta hanyar juyin halitta, a matsayin ingantaccen kariya ga zuriya. Iyaye ba sa nuna damuwa game da soya, amma a maimakon haka a kai musu hari idan ba su sami damar yin tserewa ba cikin matsananciyar farawa. Ana ba da shawarar a saka madarar ruwa a cikin wani tanki na daban. Feed abinci micro, artemia, da dai sauransu.

Mai ceto wanda ba shi da tushe - gambusia

Gambusia (lat.Gambusia affinis) karamin kifi ne mai ɗauke da rai, wanda ba kasafai aka samo shi akan siyarwa ba, kuma a hakika a cikin ɗakunan ruwa na mai son.

Akwai gambusia iri biyu daban-daban, na yamma ana siyarwa, na gabas kuma shine gambusia ta Holbourk (lat. Gambusia holbrooki). Wannan labarin shine ci gaba da labarin game da kifayen da aka manta da su.

Matsayin Gambusia a yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro

Gambusia a cikin duniya kuma ana kiranta kifin sauro: kasancewar ba a kula da yanayin tsare mutum ba, hukuma ce da aka amince da ita - babban mai taimaka wajan kawar da cutar cizon sauro, mai kawo cikas ga cututtuka daban-daban. Don haka, a farkon karni na 20, an fara rarraba wakilan wannan kwayoyin a sassa daban-daban na duniya don yaki da annobar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda babbar nasara ce. Don ceton rayuka da yawa, an ba Gambusia babbar lambar yabo - a cikin girmamawarta, an girke dutse a Sochi, Corsica da Isra'ila.

Amma a Ostiraliya, gabatarwar Gambusia cikin yanayin ƙasa ya haifar da mummunan sakamako: yanayin tashin hankali ya haifar da lahani ga mazaunan wuraren raye-rayen gida, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka hana wakilan wannan dabi'ar ta kiyayewa da rarrabawa a nahiyar.

Mista Tail ya ba da shawarar: kayan yau da kullun na akwatin kifaye

Mafi kyawun yanayi don kiyaye Gambusia a cikin akwatin kifaye:

• Girman tanki: daga 50 l, a farashin 5-8 l na ruwa kowane mutum. Karka sanya madafin rufi a sama, domin wannan zai haifar da mutuwar kifaye.
• Sigogin muhalli: zazzabi + 20 ... + 25 ºC, acidity 6.0-7.0 pH, har zuwa 25 dH.
• Kifin ba shi da ma'ana dangane da tacewa da yin ishara, duk da haka, canjin sati-uku na sulusin ɗumbin ruwa da tsabtace ƙasa duk da haka ya zama tilas.
• Substrate: ƙananan guntun lebba mai yashi ko yashi. Ya firgita, Gambusia yana ɓoye a cikin ƙasa, sabili da haka ya kamata a cire abubuwa masu kaifi gefuna ko kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
• Aikin lambu: tsirrai tare da ganye mai tsananin wuya.
• Haske: matsakaici.
• Miya: kowane, amma tare da samar da sarari mai yawa don yin iyo don dabbobi.

Cutar Kifi

Gambusia kifi ne mai ƙarfi, mai kamuwa da cuta. Tare da abun ciki mai gamsarwa, baya haifarda matsaloli ga mai shi. A lokuta da dama, cututtukan fata na iya faruwa, waɗanda galibi masu cin rai ne a cikin akwatin kifaye yayin dasa shuki ko fara sabon kifi waɗanda ba a keɓe su ba. A irin wannan yanayin, ana amfani da salts na ruwa ko shirye-shiryen akwatin kifaye na musamman, waɗanda aka gabatar da su cikin ruwan babban akwatin kifaye.

Gambusia kifi ne mai amfani, wanda yake da wuya a yau yake zama a cikin ɗakunan ruwa na gida. Matsayi mai sauƙin yanayi yana biya ta musamman ta rashin ma'anar nau'in halittar, wanda ke ba da damar ma mai fara kiyaye shi, wanda kusan ba shi da masaniya game da akwatin kifaye.

Gabatarwa

Viviparous kananan-kifi mai girma Gambusia a cikin aquariums gida ba na kowa bane. Wannan kifin na gidan Peciliev ne, yana zaune cikin sabo da kuma ruwan jikin mutane. Akwai nau'ikan gambusia guda biyu - sanannu ne na yamma da gabas, amma na farkon ana samo su a shagunan kuma, lokaci-lokaci, a cikin gidajen ruwa na gida.

Sunan kifin a Latin shine Gambusia affinis. Gambusia ya bambanta cikin hali mai taurin kai, gulma da bayyanar mara hankali.

Ana tunanin ƙasar Gambusia a matsayin jihohin Kudancin Amurka, Mexico da Gabar Kogin Mexico, wanda ya haɗa da Kogin Missouri, Indiana da koguna na Illinois. A cikin wadannan sassan Gambusia suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu fadi tare da dunƙen alkama. A tsawon lokaci, mazaunin waɗannan kifaye sun bazu sosai, kuma yanzu suna zaune a cikin jikunan ruwa na ruwa a cikin ƙasashe sama da 60 na duniya. Kifi suna da matuƙar taurari, waɗanda suka haifar da babban yankin su.

Gambusia ta yau da kullun ita ce ƙananan kifi tare da tsotse jiki da gajeru, wanda yayi kama da silinda a sifa, da ƙashin launi. Fuskokin kai sun yi haske, idanun su manya ne, launin toka ko kore, karamin baki da hakora masu kaifi. An rufe jikin tare da manyan sikeli, dafin ƙarancin ya yi kusa da caudal.Babban launi na jiki shine launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da sheki mai haske a tarnaƙi. A jikin maza za a iya samun aibobi guda baƙi, ƙyallen wutsiyar wasu mutane tana da launin shuɗi. Mace na gambusia suna da launi mara kyau sosai ba tare da banbanci ba, wanda ke tunatar da guppies.

A cikin yanayi mai gamsarwa, gambusia zata iya rayuwa bata wuce shekaru 2, maza kuma suna rayuwa ƙasa da wannan lokacin.

Daya daga cikin sifofin gambusia shine cewa suna cin sauro. Saboda wannan, kifin ya fara zama mai wucin gadi kuma ya girma a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya.

Gambusia ana iya kiranta da hadaddun halittu marasa ma'ana, waɗannan kifayen suna da saurin rikitar da al'adun tsarewa kuma ba sa neman kulawa.

Akwatin kifaye

Wasu 'yan gambusia za su kasance da kwanciyar hankali a cikin kwantena tare da ƙarawa na lita 10 ko fiye. Don mafi yawan mutane, an sayi akwatin kicin 40-50 lita. Siffar akwatin akwatin kifaye na iya zama kowane - murabba'i ko zagaye, ƙaramin ƙaramin buƙatar da ake buƙata yana ba ka damar zaɓar sanyi na akwatin kifaye a bukatar mai shi. Ba lallai ba ne a shigar da damfara da matattara a gidan waɗannan kifayen.

Don cika akwatin kifayen tare da gambusia, yi amfani da ruwan da aka zazzage tare da babban ƙarfin taurin kuma kusan kusan tsaka tsaki. Mafi kyawun zazzabi don kiyaye gambusia an dauke shi digiri 20-24. A cewar masana, gambusia na iya wanzuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi, amma idan zazzabi ya sauka zuwa digiri 10, kifin ya shiga cikin nutsuwa, yana shiga cikin ƙasa.

Ana ba da shawara ta soke wani adadin gishiri a cikin ruwa (tekuna ko dafaffen talakawa tare da manyan barbashi). Wannan kyakkyawar rigakafin cututtukan kifi kuma yana da tasiri sosai ga lafiyar su.

Ilasa da kayan ado

Don gambusia, tsari da ingancin ƙasa ba shi da mahimmanci. Mai shi zai iya zaɓar abun don rufe ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifayen gwargwadon abubuwan zaɓin sa na ado. Algae tare da ganye mai kauri da mai tushe ana shuka su ne a ƙasa, waɗanda kifin ba zai iya ci ba. Akwai tsire-tsire da yawa, amma ya kamata a sami sarari kyauta a cikin akwatin kifaye don iyo.

Yadda ake ciyar da gambusia?

Gambusia abune mai yawa, kamar yawancin kifayen kifin kifaye. Suna da yardar rai da yawa iri abinci abinci da wanda ya musanya. Ana iya basu jini, artemia, daphnia, abinci mai sanyi da larvae, ciyar da naman alade da fillet ɗin kifi. Algae mai taushi da yankakken letas ana bayar dasu azaman kayan shuka.

Yaya ake bambance tsakanin mace da namiji?

Bangaren maza na gambusia, da farko, sun bambanta da girma da launi (kamar yadda muka nuna a baya). Tsawon namiji saurayi 3-4 cm ne, mace tayi girma har zuwa cm 7. Namiji yana da launi mai haske, yayin da mace kuma gaba daya rubutun take. An gyara fin fitsarin maza zuwa gonopodia.

Naman lafiya da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta

Yana faruwa cewa a jikin gambusia akwai farin kaya, mai kama da ulu ulu. Sanadin wannan matsala cuta ce ta fungal. Wani lokaci fata na kunci a jikin jikin kifin, wanda yake bayyana saboda kwayoyin cuta.

Ana iya warke waɗannan cututtukan tare da taimakon magunguna.

Guba

Baƙi, ja ko fari aibobi a jikin gambusia na iya bayyana saboda tara ƙwayoyin nitrogen a cikin akwatin kifaye. Idan stains masu raɗaɗi sun faru, ya kamata a tsabtace ruwan da kayayyakin lalata, haɓaka haɓakawa da maye gurbin ƙaramin ɓangaren ruwan. Idan cutar ta fara, ci gaba zuwa magani.

Gambusia na Zinare

Gambusia na Zinare (Gambusia aurata) - kifi tare da jikin mutum mai tsawon rai da kuma kankare. Babban launi shine rawaya, yawancin inclusions na launi mai duhu suna warwatse a duk faɗin jiki. Anal da fin bayansu suna da bera mai baki.

Consideredasar kifayen ana ɗaukarta sune yankuna na gabashin Amurka har zuwa arewa maso gabas na Argentina, brackish da fresh fresh water of Africa, Madagascar da Mexico.

Cuba Gambusia

Cuba Gambusia (Gambusi punctata) yana da matukar kyau a tsibirin Cuba. Yana da jiki mai tsufa kuma a ƙarshenta, bakin buɗe yana kan saman. Babban launi shine launin toka, aiban duhu ya kasance a tarnaƙi na jiki, wanda ke samar da layuka 4-5. Hanyar gefe tana duhu cikin launi.

Tana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakken yanayi tare da natsuwa, wani lokacin ma ana samun ta cikin koguna.

Dominican Gambusia

Dominican Gambusia (Gambusia dominicensis) karamin kifi ne da ke da launin ruwan kasa, partashinsa wanda ya fi wuta (daga rawaya zuwa fari) tare da walƙiya mai shuɗi. Abubuwan launin duhu masu duhu daga tushe na fin fin tare da tsakiyar layi. Kyau da baya na wutsiya shine ruwan lemo mai duhu.

A cikin daji, Dominican Gambusia suna zaune ne a Caribbean, Kuba, Jamaica da Jamhuriyar Dominica. Sun fi son sabo da kogunan koguna da koguna tare da motsi ruwa mai rauni da ciyayi.

Nicaraguan Gambusia

Nicaraguan gambusia (Gambusia nicaraguensis) yana da jiki mai elongated da kuma matsa daga bangarorin tare da muck. Jiki na iya zama daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa launin toka a launi tare da layuka a kwance na duhu inclusions. Kawai a ƙasa idanun akwai wuri mai baki a cikin siffar alwatika. Lallai mahimman abubuwa masu duhu suna wuce ƙashin ƙashi da ƙashin kansa.

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun ta a cikin ƙasashen Amurka ta Tsakiya, inda ta fi son ruwan sabo ko jigon ruwa kusan da ruwa mai tsafta.

Bayanan Gaske

A kasashe da dama, ana daukar gambusia da amfani kuma ana amfani da ita azaman hanyar kula da zazzabin cizon sauro. Daga farkon rabin karni na 20, ana daukar waɗannan kifayen babban makamin lalata malaria a Kudancin Amurka, a iyakar tekun Kudancin Rasha da Ukraine. A shekara ta 2008, an kirkiro jikkunan ruwa da yawa a wasu jihohin California saboda waɗannan dalilai, kuma yawan lokuta kamuwa da wannan cuta mai haɗari ya ragu sosai.

Mazaunan Adler, Isra’ila da Corsica sun yi wa mazaunan ginin gumaka mara nauyi.

A Ostiraliya, akasin haka, sun yi imani da cewa Gambusia ta girgiza ma'aunin yanayin lafiyar ruwan tabkuna da koguna na ƙasar. Ban da sayarwa da kuma tabbatarwarsu an shigo da su nan.

Sanarwar fassarar abun ciki ta Gambusia bidiyo mai daukar hoto.

Gambusia da kulawa

Idan akwatin kifayen ya bayyana a cikinka ba da dadewa ba, kuma gogewar bai isa ba, to talakawa gambusiya kifi ne wanda ya dace da kai. Waɗannan kifaye ba su da ma'ana, suna jin girma a cikin ɗan gishiri mai ɗanɗano ko ruwa mai ɗorewa, zazzabi wanda zai iya canzawa zuwa yanayin da yake da yawa (digiri 12-32).

Idan zazzabi ya sauka zuwa digiri 10, gambusia zata yi jinkiri a cikin iska ko ɓoyewa. Babu tsauraran bukatu ko dai tsarkakakken ruwan ko abun oxygen a ciki. Kula da gambusia yana da sauƙin gaske har ma ciyar da shi yana da sauƙi. Baya ga abinci wanda ya saba, za a iya ba da saƙar saƙar sauro daga farfajiyar da ke kusa da gidan.

Tashin hankali yakan faru ne a lokacin rani a lokacin zafin rana na 18 zuwa 22. A lokacin kakar, mace ta gambusia na iya samar da litter ɗin kwanon har biyar. Af, gambusia sune kifaye masu kamun kifi. Yarin girma yana buƙatar a dasa shi nan da nan, saboda cin naman mutane ba baƙon ga manya bane. Iyaye suna farin cikin cin soya. Watanni biyu bayan haihuwar, soya sun riga sun zama masu balaga.

Wadannan kifin mai launin translucent tare da tintin launin toka-mai launin toka ba za a iya kiyaye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa tare da maƙwabta masu ta da zaune tsaye ba. Gambusia cikin kankanin lokaci zata tsaga dukkanin ƙone ta, saboda waɗannan halittun da suke da alama suna da matukar ƙarfi.

Yarda da sauran kifayen, ka'idojin ciyarwa

Gambusia ta gama gari wani lokaci kifi ne mai tayar da hankali wanda zai cutar da ƙarancin kifayen na wasu nau'in. Rashin fahimtar kifaye tare da ƙoshin ƙashi da waɗanda ke iyo a hankali - ba zai sami daidaituwa da guppies da goldfish. Kyakkyawan makwabta don affinis - Sumatran barbs, Cardinal, barbarar wuta. Dangane da dangi, kifin ma yana da muni, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar sanya kifayen wannan nau'in a cikin nau'in akwatin kifaye. Yayin babban tsoro, kifin ya shiga cikin maɓallin ƙasa.

A cikin yanayin halitta, gambusia na kowa yana cin kwari da tsirrai. Affinis na iya cin ɗaruruwan larva na sauro sau ɗaya kowace rana; a cikin kwanaki 14, yana ci da yawa daga cikin waɗannan kwari. A cikin yanayin akwatin kifayen gida, waɗannan kifayen suna cin abinci irin su magudanan jini, daphnia, artemia, coretra, cyclops, kayan lambu tare da fiber (letas, dandelion, Allunan tare da sinadaran ganye). Ba a sayar da sauro iri iri a zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin shagunan, saboda haka irin wannan abincin ba zai kasance a cikin abincin ba.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Tun da kifin karami ne, amma tsinkaye - abincin da yake rayuwa shine mafi kyawun abincin, kodayake bisa ka'ida yana cin komai. Abinda aka fi so shine, lardin sauro na zazzabin cizon sauro, amma wai kawai wa zai iya samun sa? Wani madadin zai iya zama magudanar jini ko daphnia. Hakanan yana cin abinci bushe. A wata kalma, kifin masifa ne, ba ƙamshi ...

Haka ne, abubuwan tarihin wannan kifin na hakika sun wanzu da gaske! Misali, a Corsica da Russia, a Adler. Kuma duk godiya ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi gambusia mayaƙa ce ta “zazzabin cizon sauro” - tana rushe lardin sauro na cizon sauro. Amma game da abun da ke cikin wannan kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida ... Abin takaici, a halin yanzu kifin yana da wuya sosai, kasancewar an manta da ƙarancin kifi. Amma a banza, saboda gambusia shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don mai fara binciken ruwa. Ta hanyar unpretentiousness da rayuwa, 'yan kaɗan kwatanta shi (sai dai wataƙila kifin da aka cika). Yanzu, abubuwan farko da farko:

Gambusia a cikin daji

An haife shi daga jihohin kudu na Amurka, yana zaune a cikin kwandunan Missouri da wasu ƙananan ƙoramu da koguna. Akwai nau'ikan kifin guda biyu - gambusia na gabas ko Holbourk, da yamma. A nan jinsunan gabashi kusan ba a taɓa samun su a cikin ruwayoyin ruwa ba, kuma ana iya siyan yammacin duniya a shagunan dabbobi. An kuma saba da gambusia na daji a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, saboda kyakkyawan kayan aiki ne don yaƙar sauro da sauro. A cikin Rasha, alal misali, yana zaune daidai a cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar, a cikin yankin Sochi. Amma a Ostiraliya, kifin "ba shi da wata ƙaƙƙarfa" har ya keta lafiyar kimiyyar wasu ramuka don haka an haramta sayarwa da kiwo.

Bayyanar

Gambusia ana iya kiransa kifi mai kyau kawai tare da babban shimfiɗa. Kifin wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, wanda zunubi ne ya ɓoye ... Duk da haka, an ba da shawarar ga masu farawa azaman abin ban mamaki don lura da kiwo. Gambusia da wuya yayi girma sama da 6 cm, kuma har yanzun yana da mata ne kawai - maza sun fi ƙanƙanta, ba fiye da cm uku ba .. Gambusia na fentin yana cikin launi na azurfa kuma a waje yana kama da matan aure masu farin ciki. Maza suna da haske, dan kadan kadan da dige baki a jikinsu. Insamuran basu da launi, kusan amintattu. Bakin yana karami, amma tare da kaifi da karfi hakora.

Gambusia mazaunin

Kifayen kifayen suna zaune a Tsakiya, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai kyau; wasu nau'in suna ɗaukar bakar anab ko ruwan gishiri.

Yawancin jinsunan suna da daraja a cikin yankuna:

Anyi wannan aikin ne saboda cewa Gambusia tana taka rawa sosai wajen yakar cizon sauro, ta cinye lardin su, sannan kuma tana taimakawa wajen shawo kan wasu cututtukan da suka kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro. Mai sha larvae, gambusia, kamar yadda Dokar Sanitary ke faɗi, ana ɗauka mafi kyawun larvifag na wurare masu ɗumi. Har ma ta girke da gumakan tagulla a Adler, Isra'ila da Corsica don taimakawa a yaƙi da zazzabin cizon sauro.

Halin da yanayin yanayin gambusia

Gambusia affinis suna zaune cikin fakitoci, suna da amfani sosai kuma suna da matukar tayar da hankali ba kawai ga sauran nau'in ba, har ma da juna. Lalacewa ƙonewa da cutar rauni kifi. A cikin yanayin farmaki mai tsananin tsoro, sun tono a cikin ƙasa. Sakamakon matsanancin damuwa, mace ta canza jima'i, yana ɗaukar makwanni 4 akan wannan.

Ba'a ba da shawarar kiyaye su da nau'in jinkirin zaman lafiya, tare da kifin gwal.

• kifin kaddara
• kunkuru na ruwa
• ducks da sauran tsuntsayen da ke cin ƙananan kifaye.

GAMBUSIA VIDEO

Me aka kafa wa Dutsen Gambusia?

Gambusia vulgaris (lat. Gambusia affinis) karamin kifi ne mai ɗauke da rai na dangin Pecilieva. A cikin yanayin, akwai nau'ikan gambusia guda biyu - Holbourka (gabashin) da affinis (yamma), ana siyar da ƙarshen azaman kifi mai ado. Gidajen Yammacin Gambusia sune kogunan ruwa na Arewacin Amurka (Missouri da wuraren aikinta). Lokacin da aka kawo kifin zuwa Turai, an daidaita shi da sauri a cikin ruwayen gida saboda jimiri da unpretentiousness. Babban fa'idarsa ita ce iyawa game da zazzabin cizon sauro da lardin su; za a iya cinye ɗaruruwan kwari kowace rana. An girka kayayyakin tarihi ga wannan kifi a wasu ƙasashe!

Yi tsalle mai sauri akan labarin

Abubuwan halaye na waje, abun ciki

Gambusia vulgaris yana nuna shi ta hanyar karamin jiki - girmanta ya kai 3-7 cm a tsayi. Bayyanar kifin ba abune mai saurin faruwa ba, mace tayi kama da maza masu guba, launi na ma'aunin maza yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin fata, tare da sanya bege a jiki. Ba sa yin rayuwa mai tsawo - shekaru 2, tsawon rayuwar mace yana da tsawo fiye da na maza.

Abubuwan nuna bambancin Jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in an bayyana su: mace sun fi maza girma santimita da yawa; Finarshen wutsiya na maza yana da launin shuɗi. Yayin daukar ciki, mace an rarrabe ta kasancewar wani wuri mai duhu a cikin fin fin fin.

Kalli yadda talakawa ke kama.

Sun fi son gudanar da gambusia da yawa a cikin tafkuna don su iya sarrafa yawan sauro, amma a cikin gidajen ruwa na gida suna kama da kifin kifayen kayan ado. Ana iya sanya su a cikin tanki na 50-80 lita ko fiye. An ba da shawarar shigar da matattara na ciki a cikin akwatin kifin tare da wankin wanki ɗaya kuma ba tare da shinge ba; matatar waje zata iya kama soya. Hakanan ana bukatar talla. Abubuwan da aka yarda da su na yanayin ruwa na ruwa: zazzabi 20-24 ° C, acidity 7.0-7.2 pH, tauri - har zuwa 25 dH.

Yadda gambusia ta haife cikin bauta

Gambusia affinisis yana da wuya a fara shi cikin bauta, duk da cewa yana ɗaukar shi da samar da soya waɗanda tuni sun kasance cikakkiyar rayuwa. Lokacin da soya ta girma, suna buƙatar kiyaye su tare da mata 3-4 da namiji ɗaya. Gaskiyar ita ce, daga matsayin miji na aiki, mace na fuskantar matsananciyar wahala, kuma ba za ta iya zama ita kaɗai ba.

Wata matsala don haifuwa shine ikon jinkirta haihuwa. Wannan al'ada ce ta mata ta gambusia wanda ke yin wannan yayin barazanar; a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana iya zama daga gefen namiji. Don kifin mace ta haihu don soya, yana buƙatar canja shi zuwa akwatin kifin daban, ko ya kamata a raba tanki zuwa bangarorin domin ya sami kwanciyar hankali a kan yankinsa. A sakamakon haka, mace ta haihu 100-200 soya, bayan aiwatar da shi ana buƙatar ajiye shi. Abincin farawa na jarirai - Artemia larvae, microworm, masara hatsi, abinci mashed kasuwanci fodder. Gambusia soya da sauri.