Columba palumbus shine sunan Latin don wannan tsuntsu daga dangin pigeon. "Columba" sunan tsohuwar pigeons ne a tsohuwar Girka, wanda aka samo daga kalmar helenanci ma'ana "mai rarrafe" kuma an ba shi don al'adar wasu wakilan halittar don su juye da gudu. Etymology na kalmar "palumbus" ba a sarari yake ba, amma da alama yana ma ma'anar "kurciya". Vyakhir da Vituten sunaye ne na mutanen wannan ɗan adam waɗanda tarihinsu ya ɓoye a cikin duhu lokaci.

Menene pigeon yayi kama?

Kirjin jeji na daji yana da babban jiki wanda tsawonsa ya kai 40 cm, kuma ana samun ƙari. Wingspan - 75 cm.

Ba kamar sauran jinsunan ba, vahir yana da ƙananan ƙananan fuka-fuki da dogon wutsiya don tattabara na wannan girman.

Theaukar nauyin tsuntsun daga 500 g zuwa 1 kg. Wannan shi ne babban tattabara.

Vahir - kurciya sosai da hankaliBa ya son a gan shi. Lokacin da mutum ya bayyana, wannan babban tattabara yana tafiya yana ɓoyewa. Babban launi na tattabara yana da launin toka mai kama da hayaki mai sa kwalliya. Gefen yana da ruwan hoda ko rawaya, wuyansa yana sanya launi mai launin shuɗi, goiter na iya zama turquoise ko lilac. An kawata fikafikan farar fata.

Gallery: pigeon vahir (25 Photos)

Habitat

Wituiten yana zaune a Gabashin Yammacin Turai da Yammacin Turai, da kuma a Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, a Asiya. A Rasha an samo shi a duk ɓangaren Turai.

Habitat sabon abu ga tsuntsayen daji. Ana samun Vitutyen a cikin tsaunukan yankin Tsakiyar Asiya. Amma tsuntsu yana shirya gida-mazaunin ko'ina kuma yana shiga al'ummomin gandun daji. Shuke-shuke na bakin teku da tsire-tsire masu wuya a cikin tsaunuka sun dace da ita. Idan ba wanda ya dame tsuntsu, zai yi gida a kowane tsire-tsire.

Ya danganta da yankin vortex na iya zama ƙaura ko zama. Daga latitude arewa, kurciya tana motsi zuwa wurare masu ɗumi. Dazuzzuka na Crimea da Caucasus sun dace da zama na dindindin.

A cikin latitude na arewa, vakhir mai tsinkaye ya fi son gandun daji. A wasu yankuna, yana haɓaka gandun daji hade da itacen oak. Za a iya tsayawa a cikin gandun daji-steppe yankin.

Chingyayen ƙwai da ƙwayaye

Bayan an gama ginin gidan, tattabara daga cikin vahir tana sanya kwai ɗaya farko, sannan na biyu. Bayan wannan, tsuntsayen sun fara farauto su a madadinsu. Kurciya namiji yana kashe ƙarancin lokaci a kan wannan aikin, saboda shi ma yana da hannu wajen kiyaye yankin ƙasarsa. A cikin shekara guda kawai, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da kama biyu.

Bayan kimanin makonni biyu da ƙyanƙyashe, kajin sun bayyana daga ƙwai. Tsarin ciyar da su da pigeons yana kimanin kwanaki 40. Da farko dai, iyayen suna ciyar da buhunan ne ta hanyar ruwansu, wanda ke wakiltar abin da ake kira "madarar tsuntsaye". A hankali, yara suka saba da sauran nau'ikan abinci, suna sane da nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci. A cikin labarin "Pigeon Chicks" zaka iya nemo sauran bayanai kan wannan batun.

A lokacin ciyarwa, matasa pigeons koyi tashi, sannan fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Tsawan lokacinta ya kusan shekaru 16.

Halayyar

Vahir baya son gaban mutum. Wataƙila mutumin ya tunatar da tsuntsun da ya gabata lokacin da ya kasance batun farauta.

A tattabara witten haifar da gida daga mazaunan 'yan adam da aƙalla 1.5-2 km. Koyaya, wannan fasalin gaskiya ne kawai don Rasha. A cikin Turai, ana iya samun vyahir a gonaki kusa da mutane. Wasu lokuta ana samun vyahiri a cikin manyan biranen, amma tsuntsu bai yi nasarar hawa zuwa wasu wurare ba. Har yanzu suna zaune a cikin gandun daji.

Vyahiri ya tattara cikin garken 'yan dozin. Musamman ma tarasu suna da yawa yayin tashin kaka.

Gidajen tsuntsaye suna shirya Suna son cin abinci a cikin gonakin da ba su isasshen abinci. A cikin gandun daji na coniferous ya fi son shudi. Tsuntsu ba ya mallaki fadama, kuma yana iya rayuwa a bayan sa.

Duk da taka tsantsan a yanayi, tsuntsun yana aiki da walwala tare da 'yan uwanta. A cikin muryarsa, tsuntsu ya sanya sauti halayyar wasu dangi. Kuma cirewa, dabbar ta fashe fuka-fukan ta da karfi.

Abinci mai gina jiki

A cikin birane, tsuntsu ya ci abinci da hatsi. Wannan shine abincin yau da kullun na tattabara.

Vahir, kamar kowane pigeons, yana da tsire-tsire iri. Ya fi son hatsi da zai samu a duniya. Hakanan yana iya ciyar da hatsi daga bishiyoyi. Yana ciyarwa akan berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa daga tsirrai, peck buds, ciyawa. Kasancewar yana da bambancin abinci iri-iri, tsuntsu ya fi son hatsi da kayan gargajiya. Bayani mai yiwuwa ga wannan jaraba shine darajar kuzarin irin wannan abincin.

Kurciya na iya ciyar da sharar mutum idan ya yi nisa da gidan mutum.

Abincin Wahir ana iya bayanin shi kamar haka:

• tsaba
• hatsi ciyawa
• berries daga bishiyoyi da bushes,
• kowane kwayoyi
• buds daga rassan
• kananan harbe na ciyawa
• filin tsire-tsire
• kwari
• wasu berries: currants, inabi, honeysuckle.

Kiwo

Bayan hunturu, shirin ya riga an shirya amintattun ma'aurata da ma'aurata, haka kuma da yawan matasa. Amma bayan 'yan kwanaki, abun da ke ciki ya canza. A garken ya watse, tsuntsayen suka ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyi na aure kuma suka fara farawa. Wannan lokacin yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa Satumba.

Halin mai tsalle a lokacin farauta yayi kama da tattabara mai launin toka. Namiji ya sami inda zai fara aure. Mazaunin maraba suna nuna hali ta wannan hanyar. Irin wannan halayen tabbas tabbas yana jan hankalin mace. Ango yayi sanyi sosai, musamman a safiyar yau, yana kokarin jan hankalin mace. Namiji da kansa yakan gayyato mata da ke tafe, suna tashi don saduwa da su.

Bayan kafa ma'aurata, tsuntsaye fara gina gida. Zabin wuri nasa ne na namiji. Yawancin lokaci tsakiyar bene na gandun daji ya dace da gida. Saƙa ɗaure tsakanin manyan rassa, haɗa su da ƙananan. A cikin 'yan kwanaki a gida ya shirya. Abant na gida na sauran tsuntsaye na iya dace da ginin.

Sannan namiji ya sanyaya ya kuma jujjuya mace. Wannan al'ada ce ta wasannin mating.

Bayan nesting mace na sanya kwai daya sannan na biyu. Lokacin shiryawa yana farawa, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 15-18. Mace da namiji suna zaune a kan ƙwai. Amma mace ta zauna mafi tsayi, saboda namiji har yanzu yana da hannu cikin kariyar gida.

Uwa tana ciyar da kajin da aka bayyana har tsawon wata guda tare da rufaffen asirin daga goiter. Nestlings suna cikin gida har zuwa kwanaki 40, daga nan suka koyi tashi da tashi su fara rayuwa da kansu. Vyahiri rayuwa kusan shekaru 16.

Bayanin tsuntsu da fasalinsa

Pigeons na daji suna mamaye cikin kyakkyawan tsari, suna jan hankalin su da launin toka-mai haske. Wannan canza launi wata dama ce ta musamman da zata ɓoye daga mafarauta. Bayan wannan yanayin, makiya ba sa ganin kurciya, saboda haka ya fi yiwuwa a kula. A kan cinyawar kirji yana ja, a wuyan - mai launin kore da tint ɗin ƙarfe. A cikin rana, gashin tsuntsaye suna haske da kyau kwarai da gaske.

Idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinta na birni, guguwa tana da girma. Tsawon jikin mutum zuwa wutsiya ya wuce cm 40. nauyin su na iya kaiwa kilogram sama da ɗaya. Hakanan, an sami daidaikun mutane masu nauyin kilo daya da rabi.

Tsuntsayen suna da karamin kai na launin ash. A kashin baki akwai idanu baki daya. Rim dake kewaye da ɗalibin rawaya ce. Fuska mai ja ja a gindi tare da daskararren hular rawaya mai kaifi. Shugaban yana kan wuyan wuyansa mai kaɗa tare da ƙarfe mai ƙoshin ƙarfe, a gefunan ɗambin rabe akwai wasu fararen abubuwa guda biyu.

Pigeons suna da ƙaramin wutsiya wanda ke buɗe yayin jirgin, ta haka yana nuna farin karkataccen tsiri. Tsuntsu mai fikafikan jirgin sama ya kai cm 80. Lokacin da tsuntsu ya tashi, zaku iya ganin kyawawan fararen fata wadanda suke ratsa fikafikansu. Babban fika yana baka damar zuwa 180 km / h. Rationsaura ta yanayi ba ta da ban tsoro ga masu wucewa - sun sami damar rufe nesa har zuwa kilomita 1000 ba tare da tsayawa ba.

Jikin yana kan kafafu na bakin ciki mai launin shudi mai launin shuɗi. Sharp claws damar tsuntsu ya sauƙi ansu rubuce-rubucen a kan rassan.

A cikin makonnin farko na rayuwa, daskararre kajin ba ya kama da tattabara ta manya. Yara sun mamaye launi mara kyau mai launin toka. Kawai tare da shekaru, kajin ya zama mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa.

Yankunan rarraba

Wyahir yana da yanki mai rarraba sosai. Yana zaune a kusan dukkanin Turai, ban da yankuna na arewacin. A wasu wuraren, tsuntsu baya rayuwa shekara-shekara, a lokacin sanyi, yana tashi zuwa lokacin zafi, amma ya dawo can a bazara. A wannan lokacin, an gan shi a cikin filayen alkama na hunturu, inda kurciya ke ciyar da su.

Tsuntsayen daji suna yawan cin lokaci a cikin dazuzzukan daji, kuma karancinsu ke zama a wuraren shakatawa, inda ake farautowa a can.

Bidiyo: Vahir

Akwai ƙasashe masu yawa, ko kuma nau'ikan jinsi, waɗanda aka rarrabe su da launi da girman farin tabo a wuyan:

• hankula masu wakilci a Turai, Siberiya, a arewacin Afirka,
• kawancen Azores (C. p. azorica) daga tarin tsibirin Azores shine mafi duhu kuma mai haske,
• Subsasashen Iran (C. p. Iranica), sun fi kwanciyar Turai,
• kwatancen na Kleinschmidt (C. p. kleinschmidti) an bayyana shi daga Scotland,
• Subsasashen Asiya (C. Casiotis, C. p. Kirmanica) - wurin haihuwar Himalayas, aibobi a wuƙaƙƙiya ne, launin rawaya,
• Tallafin subsan Afirka na Arewa (C. p. Kyakkyawan) a zahiri bai bambanta da na Turai ba,
• wakilan Gigi (C. p. ghigii) suna zaune a tsibirin Sardinia.

A cikin kwayoyin halittar 33 - 35. A cikin ma'anar zamani, pige na Tsohon Duniya suna ciki, ban da sisar da aka kawo sau ɗaya. Pigeons na wannan rukunin sun bayyana ne a Late Miocene shekaru miliyan 7-8 da suka gabata kuma a bayyane yake da magabata daya da Amurkawa, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin Sabon ko Tsohuwar Duniya - masana kimiyya ba su zo ga ƙarshe guda ɗaya ba.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Abin da vortex yayi kama

Vyakhir ya bambanta sosai da sauran pigeons a girma da launi. Wannan shi ne mafi girma daga cikin pigeons na gida: tsawon namiji ya bambanta daga 40 zuwa 46 cm, mace daga 38 zuwa 44 cm. Namiji yakai 460 - 600 g, mace tayi kadan. Jikin yana da tsawo, shimfiɗa, tare da ɗan gajeru fuka-fuki da dogon wutsiya.

Dimorphism na jima'i a launi kusan ba za'a iya lura dashi ba. Tufafin duka biyun an tsara su ne da launin toka-mai-launin toka, a wasu lokuta sautunan launuka masu haske. Ofarshen jikin, har ma da fikafikan fuka-fukai, suna da shuɗi, wacce a bayyane take a cikin jirgin. A saman fikafikan shimfidawa, farar fata ta fito fili, wadda aka yiwa haske haske game da launi mai launin shudi mai ruwan launi na gashin gashin saman da kusan gashin tsuntsaye masu tashi.

Gashin gashin tsuntsaye sunyi duhu a ƙarshen. Akwai fararen hular bayyana a bangarorin wuyan, kamar iyakar tsakanin kai mai farin jini da kuma goiter mai launin shuɗi da kirji. A cikin maza, aibobi sun fi girma girma fiye da na mace. Kuma, hakika, akwai alamar alama mai zurfi - bakan gizo mai cike da wuya, wanda aka ambata musamman a cikin maza. Gefen ruwan itace mai ruwan lebe mai launin shuɗi, kafafu masu ruwan hoda, ido yana haske launin rawaya.

Pan pigeons suna da launin ja, ba tare da aibobi a wuyansa da ƙaramin ƙarfe ba. Gefen ya zama ruwan kasa tare da farin goge baki. Arƙwarar tana tashi da kyau don tattabara, aƙalla tana iya yin jiragen sama na yanayi, wanda buhunan garinmu baya iyawa. Fice daga mafarauci, yana yin kaifi mai kyau a cikin iska. Lokacin da za ta tafi, sai ta yi birgima da murya kuma ta fika fikafikanta ƙarfi. Yana tafiya kamar kowane pigeons a cikin ƙananan matakai kuma yana girgiza kansa. Clings tam zuwa ga rassan da wayoyi. Sautin kukan yayi zafi, yana kuka. Tsammani rayuwa na shekaru 16 ko makamancin haka.

Ina vahir yake?

Hoto: Vakhir a Rasha

Yankin yankin Vitutnya yana rufe Turai ban da arewacin Scandinavia (a Rasha iyakar arewa ya isa Arkhangelsk), yankin kudu maso yamma na Siberiya zuwa garin Tomsk a gabas (wasu tsuntsaye sun tashi gaba), Caucasus da Crimea, arewacin Kazakhstan, Central Asia, da Himalayas, China, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka. A mafi yawan kewayon sa, yana yin jiragen sama na lokaci. Yana rayuwa shekara-shekara a Kudancin Turai (yana farawa daga kudancin Ingila), kudancin Turkmenistan, wani lokacin ya kasance a cikin Caucasus da Crimea don hunturu. A cikin Himalayas, duwatsun Afghanistan da Gabas ta Tsakiya, sanyi ne kawai. A Afirka (Algeria, Maroko da Tunusiya), duka tsuntsayen birni da ƙaura daga Turai sun hallara a cikin hunturu.

Wituiten tsuntsu ne na daji, na lokaci-lokaci yakan iya zama tsakanin tsirrai. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na tuddai da filayen kowane nau'i, da ƙonewa ko ƙafe. Ya fi son ba kurma kurmi, amma gefuna gandun daji da share, bankunan kogi, bel bel. A yankuna marasa kwari marasa kwari suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na daji, gandun daji da kuma ambaliya. Idan za ta yiwu, ya guji kusancin ƙauyuka, amma inda ba a taɓa shi ba, alal misali, a cikin Turai ta waje, ya zaunar a wuraren shakatawa na birni, a ƙarƙashin rufin gida, a baranda da kusa filayen. An lura da mu a cikin tsoffin wuraren shakatawa kusa da St. Petersburg.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A Ingila, vajir shine mafi yawan tattabara. Lambar sa anan sama da miliyan 5 nau'i biyu. Yana zaune a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kuma lambuna na birane da ƙauyuka na ƙasar da yawa, yana ciyar da mutum kuma da wuya a kira shi "gandun daji".

Yanzu kun san inda iska ta samo. Bari mu ga abin da wannan tsuntsu ya ci.

Me vakhir yake ci?

Hoto: Bird Vahir

Guguwar iska tana iya cin duk abin da tattabara za ta iya ci har ma fiye da haka. Pigeons suna son tara abinci daga ƙasa, amma wye-reshe shine togiya. Zai iya datse sassan abincin da ake ci, yana tafiya a ƙasa ya zauna a kan rassan itace.

Abincinsa ya hada da:

• Tsarin hatsi, kayan lebur, mai siye, da asteraceae sune babban ɓangaren menu. Ciki har da cikakke da hatsi na Peas, amfanin gona, buckwheat, hemp, sunflower,
• kore abinci a cikin hanyar hunturu harbe, kazalika da m matasa ganyen daji, filin da kuma amfanin gona lambu, sau da yawa fyade da kabeji,
• m 'ya'yan itãcen marmari (honeysuckle, blueberries, lingonberries, elderberries, ceri tsuntsu, ash dutse, blueberries, currants, mulberries, kwatangwalo, inabi),
• kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itacen acorns, beech,' ya'yan itacen dabino, da 'ya'yan itacen dabino,
• Kodan da ke ci a cikin hunturu da bazara,
• kwari da mollusks,
• sharar abinci a cikin datti na shara

Kamar dabbobin da ke cin hatsi, a cikin ɗanyen ɓaure haɗiye-haƙo ɗaya don nibin hatsi. Yawan nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa 2 g. A zaune daya, tattabara zai iya shan alkama 100 na alkama, ko 75 g na acorns. Lencearfin abin da ya ƙunsa ya dogara da yanayin - more horar da ƙasa, da ƙarin kyaututtuka na filayen a cikin tattabara menu. Shin zai yiwu a zarge shi da wannan? Haka kuma, koyaushe basuda amfanin gona, galibi yakan tattara abin da ya saura a gona bayan girbin. A wannan lokacin, kajin suna girma, tsuntsaye kuma suna garkuwa cikin garken zuwa wuraren da aka sare domin samun ƙarfi kafin jirgin. Anan ya zo lokacin farauta.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Pigeon Whirlwind

Waɗannan pigeons yawanci tsuntsaye ne na daji waɗanda ke ɓoye a hankali cikin rawanin bishiyoyi yayin lokacin kiwo. A wannan lokacin, kawai canjin maza ne da kuma irin kajin kaji zai iya cin amanarsu. Tsuntsaye suna da matukar kulawa, suna cikin damuwa, suna iya jefa gida tare da qwai. A gefe guda, cikin yanayi na annashuwa, vyahiri ya zama mai amfani da shi ga al'ummomin mutane da kyau kuma yana iya zama a birane. Yawanci ana kiyaye su a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma maƙwabta na iya haɗuwa kusa da ruwa ko a wuraren ciyarwa, wanda yakan faru sau da yawa da safe da kuma faɗuwar rana. Bayan sun kori kajin, sai su tattara cikin garkuna, waɗanda musamman manya a cikin bazara.

Tsuntsayen mazauna koyaushe suna zaune ne kawai a kudanci sashin kiwo, daga arewa suna tashi daga hunturu, ko kuma su nufi kudu. Misali, pangon na Crimea sun tashi zuwa Kudancin Turai, kuma heran arewa suna zuwa Crimea don hunturu. Tashi yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban, farawa daga Satumba (Leningrad Yankin) kuma ya ƙare a watan Oktoba (Volga Delta), amma a kowane hali, tashi daga dukkan makarantu yana ɗaukar sama da wata guda. Komawar zai sake faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, tsuntsaye sun bayyana daga farkon Maris, a arewacin - a watan Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu.

Tsuntsaye masu wucewa suna motsawa sosai a farkon rabin rana, don ciyarwa da dare sukan zaɓi yankin daji tare da dogayen bishiyoyi da kyakkyawan gani. Suna shuka ne kawai bayan ingantaccen binciken lafiya, wanda suke yin da'irori da yawa akan shafin. A lokacin dawowar, suna amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya, amma suna halayen daban.A cikin bazara suna tsere tsawon yini ba tare da tsayawa ba, kuma a lokacin jirgin sama na kaka sun tsaya don ciyarwa a cikin filayen noman hunturu, kabeji, a filayen da aka girbe hatsi, a cikin gandun itacen oak da gefuna. Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen suna ci gaba cikin fakitoci kuma suna tsintar da duk abubuwan da ake ci a gonakin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da shaƙewa goersrs a cikin filayen, pigeons ba su rasa faren kulawar su. Sabili da haka, sun fi son ciyarwa a cikin tsaka-tsakin, ba wanda ya fi ƙarfin gwiwa, amfanin gona, ko a cikin ciyawar mai kauri. Don nuna amincin wurin, mafarautan sun dasa raka'oi da tattabarai a kai. A lokaci guda, don babbar rarrabuwa, ana buƙatar duka dabbobin da ke cike da kaya, waɗanda ke nuna ciyarwa, sauran saƙo da waɗanda ke zaunar da su, ana buƙata.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Tsuntsaye Vahir

Kurciya tsuntsu ne mai aminci, yana yin nau'i-nau'i nau'i-nau'i. Matan da suka riga sun faru sun tashi a cikin hunturu tare da ma'aurata zuwa wurin da aka saba, kuma matasa suna samun rabin abin da ke kansu. Namiji ɗaya ya yanka wani shafi kuma yana magana game da haƙƙinsa na shi. Waƙar soyayya ta wahir yana kama da tsawa wanda ba'a iya bayyana shi azaman gu-gu-gu.

Kurciya tana waka a saman bishiya, lokaci bayan lokaci yana kashewa, daskarewa da kuma shirin sauka. Ba tare da kaiwa ga itacen ba, sai ya sake tashi sau da yawa. Ganin mace, ya tafi kusa da ita kuma yana shirin komawa wurin, yana gayyatar shiga. Taron daurin aure yana tare da daskararrun sanyaya tare da sunkuyar da wutsiyarsa. Idan mace ta yarda, sai ta sanya alama ga mating. Vyahiri sumba kadan da sanyi.

Ma'aurata suna zaɓar wani wuri don shugana a cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan ko a kan reshe a kwance a tsayi na 2.5 - 20. male Nami ya tattara twigs, kuma matar ta yi mazaunin su, wanda yayi kama da hankaka: tsiron tare da diamita na 25 - 45 cm tare da ɓacin rai a tsakiyar. Sannan ta sanya ƙwai biyu kuma iyayen biyu sun fara sanya su ciki. Wannan na faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Brood na biyu, idan yayi nasara, sukanyi a tsakiyar bazara.

Yin kiyayya yana da kwana 17. Wannan ya biyo bayan tsawon lokacin ciyarwa na kwanaki 26 - 28, wanda kuma iyayen biyu zasu sake shiga. Ana ciyar da kwanakin farko sau da yawa tare da madara goiter, to, kawai da safe da maraice, amma riga tare da cakuda hatsi da madara. Farawa tun yana dan makonni uku, kajin ya fara barin gida har kwana daya, yana dawowa da yamma. Amma idan sun tashi gaba daya, sun dawwama cikin 'yan kwanaki, suna karbar abinci daga iyayensu. Bayan bayan wata ɗaya ne kawai suka zama cikakkiyar yanci.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An bayyana ranar namiji kamar haka: ma'aurata na safe yana ɗaukar kashi 4.2% na lokacin, karin kumallo 10.4%, nisan kwana 2.8%, tsaftar gashin tsuntsu 11.9%, shiryawa 22.9%, abincin dare 10.4%, tsabtace gashin tsuntsu - 4.2%, toxing da yamma - 6.2%, barci - 27%. Tsarin mace yana kama da wannan: karin kumallo - 10.4%, tsaftacewa - 8.3%, abincin dare - 4.2%, shiryawa + bacci - 77.1%.

Abokan halitta na wyahir

Hoto: Abin da vortex yayi kama

A cikin daji, kurciya mai kauri itace ganima. Da yawa daga cikin masu hasashen za su yi hakoransa kuma, musamman, beaks.

• goshawk da sparrow shaho sun doke ganima a cikin iska da rassa,
• peregrine falcon wanda ba a taɓa samu ba, da farauta, mai ƙarfi,
• hankaka - “wolf wutsiya”, yakan kashe tsuntsaye masu rauni, ya cinye a kan kajin da qwai a gida,
• magpie da jay ba za su iya jimre wa tsuntsu girma ba, amma suna cin ƙwai - a wasu wuraren, bisa ga ƙidayar, kusan 40%,
• Squirrel shima babban mai kaunar tsuntsaye ne.

Mutane suna ba da pangon damuwa da yawa kuma suna rage adadin su duka kai tsaye, suna harbi a farauta, kuma a kaikaice, canji da guba mazaunin su. Increasearuwar yawan jama'a yana sa tsuntsaye masu hankali su bar wuraren rayuwarsu su kuma yi ritaya zuwa ginin da kuma mafi kusurwa masu nisa, waɗanda ke ƙara zama ƙarami. Yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, musamman yanzu da aka dakatar da DDT, ya rage yawan pigeons. Kazalika farautarsu, wacce a yanzu haka ta ke iyakance. Amma Vyakhir wani kwaro ne wanda aka san shi da ƙasar noma, wanda ba ya hana farauta shi.

Ba za mu iya yin watsi da irin wannan rashi na yawan raguwar mutane ba, kamar yanayin yanayi. Cold bazara da rigar bazara kai ga marigayi nesting, don haka tsuntsaye ba su da lokaci zuwa sa na biyu brood. Rashin yanayin hunturu da rashin abinci suna haifar da ƙarancin mace-mace: 60-70% na matasa dabbobi da kusan kashi 30% na manyan pigeons suna mutuwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin Kuban mutane da yawa masu bushewa suna hunturu. Dubunnan garkuna ba su da ɗan lokaci kaɗan don farauta, tunda ba a ba da izinin harba ba kowace shekara kuma har sai 31 ga Disamba. Tare da cunkoson a tsakanin pigeons, annobar kyandir ta fara, wanda ke cutar da fiye da farauta. Ana ganin ya dace don tsawaita lokacin harbi don rage lamba da kuma guje wa yawan mutane.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Adadin vyahiri na duniya yana da girma sosai - sun ƙidaya kimanin mutane miliyan 51 - 73. Ciki har da cikin Turai, wanda ya kai 80% na kewayon, mutane miliyan 40.9 - 58 suna zaune (bisa ga bayanan 2015). Mafi yawan jama'a suna akwai a yankin Baltic na Gabas. Gabaɗaya, kewayon yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali saboda fadada zuwa Scandinavia da tsibirin Faroe (Denmark). Dalilin wannan shine ci gaba ta pigeon na agrolandscapes da abinci mai yawa a cikin wadannan wurare. An yarda da farauta a Ingila, Faransa, Hungary, Scotland.

A cikin yanki na rarraba, ana samun vitiuti ba tare da tunani ba kuma ba daidai ba, kamar yadda suke gama gari a kan iyakar Rasha, amma ba yawa. Akwai mutane guda ɗaya ko ƙaramin garken da yawansu ya kai 15. Babban garke, tsuntsaye 80 zuwa 150 kowannensu, kuma ana iya lura da ƙungiyoyinsu kawai a lokacin tashi ta lokaci ko lokacin hunturu. Dubban pigeons sun hallara a cikin Kuban a cikin hunturu, wanda hunturu ke nan a cikin filayen sunflower.

Kuma a cikin yankin Moscow an sami nau'i-nau'i yanzu haka, kodayake a farkon 30s na karni na karshe an samo garken tsuntsaye 40-50. A cikin yankin arewa maso yamma, yawan pantukan ya kasance a babban matakin har zuwa shekarun 70s, musamman, a Yankin Leningrad, gurbi 10 a nisan mil 1. Amma tun daga shekarun 70s, tsuntsaye masu saurin shiga an saka su cikin jerin abubuwan farauta kuma ci gaban su ya tsaya. Dukda cewa har yanzu basu zama ruwan dare a wadannan wuraren ba.

Gabaɗaya, farauta a bayyane ba irin wannan mahimmancin dalilin raguwar adadin pigeons bane. Farauta Vahir tana da ƙayyadaddun abubuwa kuma fewan farauta ke kula da shi. Don haka a yankin Kaliningrad, inda tsuntsaye suke da yawa, bisa ga bayanai na 2008 - 2011. 'yan farauta 35 ne kawai daga cikin dubu 12 da ke sha'awar vyakhir. Matsayin jinsin a cewar IUCN shine “nau'in lambobi masu haɓaka” kuma baya buƙatar kariya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: listedungiyoyin Azores na vahir an jera su a cikin IUCN CC, tunda ya rayu ne kawai a tsibiran biyu: Pico da San Miguel. Subsungiyar ta Madeira ta ƙare a farkon karni na ƙarshe.

Mutum na iya yin jayayya har abada ko mugunta yana da kyau ga mulkin dabba. Mafarautan suna da hujjoji na shawo kansu da harbi don hana yawaitar mutane kuma, a sakamakon haka, yunwar da annoba, ta fi shawo kansu. Babban abu a cikin wannan al'amari shine yin hankali, la'akari da adadin tsuntsayen guguwa da yanayin sauyi.

Vahir: kurciya kurciya ce a Afirka da Siberiya

Shin ko kun san cewa jinsin pigeons yana wakiltar ɗimbin yawa, wanda yawancinsu mazaunan birni basu taɓa jin sa ba? A cikin wannan labarin za muyi magana game da ɗayan andan tsira da kulawa na waɗannan tsuntsayen ban mamaki - vahir.

Fasalin halayen

Halin ba shi da banbanci da sauran nau'ukan purtons: tsuntsu yakan farka da sanyin safiya, tashin jirgin sama mai ƙarfi yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Samun wahalar da tsuntsu keyi shine saboda karuwarsa na adana kai - harma da abincinda yafi son cin abinci bashi da nisa daga inda yake.

Babban abinci na vyakhir sune 'ya'yan itaciyar bishiyoyin coniferous da deciduous: tsaba masu kaɗa da itacen oak. Yayin tashin hankali zuwa lokacin zafi, Vyahiri yayi ƙoƙarin tsayawa don hutu a cikin wuraren da ba a isa ga dabbobi masu yanke hukunci - a kan tsaunukan tuddai da tuddai.

Iri na Witten

Speciesabilar vakhir yana wakilta ta babbar ƙungiyoyi, yawancinsu mutane sun riga sun lalace, wasu kuma an lissafta su a cikin littafin farko. A ƙasa zaku iya fahimtar kanku da wasu wakilan mambobi na Vitutnitsa:

• Azores Vahir wakili ne na tarin tsibiri iri ɗaya kuma ya kasance yana rayuwa a yawancin tsibirin sa, amma yanzu an jera shi a cikin littafin Red kuma ana ɗaukar shi da haɗari - zaku iya haɗuwa da wakilan sa kawai a tsibirin San Miguel da Pico (wanda bai isa ba, har yanzu kuna iya farauta a San Miguel wannan tsuntsu)
• Kurciya daga Asiya (kurciya mai zobe) - asali asalin Asiya ce, kuma shekaru 400 da suka gabata, a cewar masanan masana, sun fara faɗaɗa mazauninta. Kurciya ta mai da hankali ne ga mazaunan ɗan adam, wanda ke ba ta damar ci a cikin hunturu da bazara ba tare da kashe kuzari a kan dogon jirgi ba,
• Kurcin daji na arewacin Afirka (tattabara mai tsayi) yana girma zuwa 40 cm a tsayi, wanda bai wuce gram 400 ba, yana da fararen fika-fika a fuka-fukansa wadanda suke yi kamar fararen dige daga nesa. Yana ciyarwa akan tsaba na cones, amfanin gona da kwayoyi. Gidajen yana cikin sararin samaniya daga Senegal zuwa Somalia,
• Fasalin Iran (yana zaune a Iran) - fasalin wannan tsuntsu shine tsayinta na tashi, wani lokacin mutane sukan tashi sama har suka zama basa iyawa ga idon mutum. Dukkanin nau'ikan Iran suna kama da juna, amma sun bambanta a cikin taro da halaye na zahiri.

A cikin yanayi, da rashin alheri, yana da matukar wahala haɗuwa da mayya-tsuntsu, duk da haka, a cikin manyan wuraren kiwon dabbobi akwai duka iyalai irin waɗannan pigeons, kuma kowane bako zai iya ganin wannan isasshen tsuntsu.

Siffofi da mazaunin vahir

Wahir - Wannan kurciya ce ta daji, in ba haka ba ana kiranta azaman wicker. Wannan wakilin gidan tattabara ne, wanda a bayyane yake ya fi girma akan takwarorinsa. Tsawon jikin tsuntsu kusan 40 cm ne, amma a wasu halaye kusan yana kusa da rabin m.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen sun kai 75 cm kuma a sama, nauyin yana daga 450 g, wani lokacin kuma ƙasa da 1 kg. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen kusanci ne na duka gari da tattabarai gida da kurciyoyi, wakilan daji na wannan dangi, amma girman su kaɗan.

Kamar yadda kake gani hoto, launi na tsuntsayen suna da ban sha'awa: babban tushen shine launin toka ko launin toka mai haske, mai launin ja ko ruwan hoda, ƙusoshin kore da ƙusoshin ƙarfe, goiter turquoise ko lilac.

A waccan lokacin, lokacin da tsuntsayen suke tashi cikin tsayi, fararen fararen fata wadanda suka kunshi fuka-fukai da suke kan wuya, da kuma a bangarorin a wani satin, a bayyane suke a kan kowane fikafikan da wutsiya.

Swing wingpan game da 75 cm.

Gashin tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi ne ko ruwan hoda mai launi, idanu masu launin rawaya, ƙafafu suna ja. Abu ne mai sauki mu rarrabe daga wasu dangi na tattabara, sai dai ga babba, ta ɗan gajeren lokaci, idan aka kwatanta da girmanta, fikafikanta da dogon wutsiya.

Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Scandinavia kuma ana samun su har zuwa Himalayas. A kan yankin tsohuwar USSR, suna gama gari a cikin jihohin Baltic da Ukraine. A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun mafi yawan purtons daji a cikin yankunan Leningrad, Gorky da Novgorod.

Dangane da mazauninsu, vortex na iya zama tsuntsu wanda aka zauna ko tsuntsu mai ƙaura. Heredwararrun, da suke zaune a yankuna yankuna na arewa, a lokacin hunturu suna matsawa zuwa ƙarshen warmer. Amma sauyin yanayi na Crimea da Caucasus sun riga sun dace da tsuntsayen hunturu, inda suke zuwa shekara-shekara.

Kusa da arewa, tsuntsaye sukan zauna a cikin dazuzzukan daji, amma a kudu ana samun su a cikin gandun daji gauraya, har ma da itacen oak, inda suke samun wadataccen abinci. Wani lokaci yada a cikin gandun daji-steppe yankin.

Vahir - babban tattabara daji

Saboda kyawun bayyanar da halaye na wasu tsuntsayen daji, ana buge su a gida. Saboda kyawun fuskarta da girmanta, mafi mashahuri tsakanin pigeons shine vahir. Yana daya daga cikin manyan jinsunan wakilan dangin pigeon da ke zaune a dajin.

Wannan tsuntsu yana da ƙarin suna - the witten. Jikinsa ya kai tsawon 45 cm, fuka-fuki zai iya wuce 75 cm, wutsiya - 66-77 cm, kuma nauyi yana cikin kewayon 690-930 g.

Canza launuka masu launin shuɗi da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi a cikin wuya da nono, kuma turquoise goiter halayen mutane ne na duka biyun. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da baki mai launin shuɗi da bakin rawaya.

Kurciya pigeon tana zaune a cikin kurmi mai rikitarwa, gauraye da ramuka nesa da damar mutane, saboda galibi wannan nau'in pigeon abun farauta ne. Wasu lokuta a Yammacin Turai ana iya samunta a birane.

Wituiten tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura wanda ke tashi daga wurare masu ɗumi a ƙarshen Maris kuma ya fita don hunturu a watan Oktoba. Mafi yawan lokuta, damisa a lokacin hunturu a gabar Tekun Bahar Rum, wani lokacin ma har ta wuce zuwa Algeria da Maroko. Bayan dawowa daga lokacin hunturu, tsuntsayen suna zama a garken na ɗan wani lokaci, sannan kuma su kasu kashi-biyu don ginin ciyayi da haihuwar kajin.

Gidajen waɗannan tattabarai suna kunshe da zaɓaɓɓun shuwagabannin furanni waɗanda aka sanya su cikin dogayen rassan bishiyun a ƙarshen nisan mil 10 10-12 daga maharan da mutane. Sun kai girman 32 cm a diamita.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar vahir

Ban da lokutan lokutan kiwon kaji, daji daji tattabara daji yawanci fi son zama a cikin garken tare da 'yan'uwa, yawan mutane wanda yawan su zuwa da dama dubun tsuntsaye. Musamman manyan gungu na vyakhire ana kafa su yayin tashin jirgin sama na kaka.

Kodayake tsuntsaye suna gida a cikin shuru na coniferous da cakuda gandun daji (galibi akan iyakar su), sun fi so su ciyar da sauran lokaci a filayen da galibi suke samun abinci.

Vahiri yana son shirya

Waɗannan tsuntsayen hankali ne sosai, amma a lokaci guda masu haɓaka da mai kuzari. Daga murya, su, kamar duk pigeons, coo: “Kru-kuuuuu-ku-kuk”. Kuma tashi daga ƙasa, guguwar iska tana buɗe fikafikanta da ƙarfi, tana girgiza mai kaifi.

Wahir Hunt Ya kasance cikin abubuwan wasanni da yawa kuma aiki ne mai kayatarwa mai ban sha'awa. Gaskiya ne, taka tsantsan da wadannan tsuntsayen ke haifar da matsaloli da yawa ga masu sha'awar irin wadannan nishadi, amma sha'awar yin sheka da tsuntsayen suna kara sanya farin ciki da annashuwa ga nishaɗin. Kuma mafarauci yana buƙatar adadin kwanciyar hankali, hankali, haƙuri da haƙuri.

A cikin bazara, a kan yankuna da aka ba da izini, yan koyo suna gudu don ganima don farautar pigeons na daji tare da kayan ado. A lokaci guda, mafarautan da suka kware sun kwaikwayi muryoyin tsuntsaye, don haka suke lissar da su.

A lokacin rani, galibi suna farauta wahir tare da cushe. Wannan kuma wata hanya ce da aka saba don yin amfani da irin wannan ganimar. Tsuntsu mai wucin gadi a cikin hoton kurciya na daji wahir, saya a sauƙaƙe, kuma ana sayar da waɗannan kayan wasan yara a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na musamman.

Kuma misalinsu na rayuwa, wanda suka saba da rayuwa a cikin fakitoci, ganin 'danginsu', suna farin cikin tashi sama ya zauna kusa da shi, wanda shine abin da masu wauta ke farauta. Haka kuma, yayin da aka cika salo, shine mafi kusantar su shine su kusantar da mafi yawan adadin pigeons na daji cikin irin wannan yaudarar. An haramta farauta don vyakhire tare da cututtukan huhu a cikin ƙasarmu, kodayake masu keta dokar sau da yawa suna amfani da irin wannan makami.

Sakamakon aikin farautar tsuntsaye, yawancin ragogin kurji, alal misali, Columba palumbus azorica, suna cikin haɗari mai girma kuma an yi barazanar rushewa, sabili da haka an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.

Wani reshen lardin, wanda ya taɓa zaune a tsibiran tsibiran Madeira, da rashin alheri, an lalata shi a karni na ƙarshe. Kodayake yawan mutanen Azorean vahir suna cikin yanki na al'ada, yana mamaye duk manyan tsibiran tsibiran, amma yanzu an kiyaye shi a tsibiran Pico da San Miguel.

Yawan mutanen vyakhirei ba su da yawa a yau. Kuma yawan mutane daga pigeons daji an rage muhimmanci, ba kawai dangane da harbi, amma kuma rashin tausayi na gandun daji inda suka kasance a baya.

Kallon dabbar daji

A wani lokaci na shekara, lokacin da aka sami wadataccen abinci, ana iya samun tattabara daji a gona - yana tara hatsi a can. A Yammacin Turai akwai yawancin su a cikin birni, a cikin shakatawa, lambuna. Kurciya mai laushi tana ba da kasancewarta a cikin sautin hali. Kurciya mai firgita ta tashi da rawanin bishiyoyi, tana buɗe fikafikanta ba da laushi ba. A wurare da yawa inda mutane suke ciyar da tsuntsaye, sukan yarda su ɗauki abinci kuma su basu damar zuwa wurinsu.

Vahir shine mafi girma a cikin dan tattabara a cikin dazuzzukan Eurasian. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 44 cm, nauyi - 630 kg. Ya kirkiro gidaje a cikin bishiyoyi kuma ya sanya kwai 2 kowannensu. Wannan nau'in yana kora ko da hankaka daga cikin gida. Na farko, yana ciyar da kajin tare da madara tattabara, wanda aka sanya daga goiter na iyaye, to - tare da hatsi da tsaba. Abinda aka fi so shine abincin tsirrai da katako, waɗanda aka haɗiye su duka. A cikin hunturu, tashi zuwa ƙasashen kudanci a cikin manya-manyan rukuni zuwa 500 mutane.

Abincin da aka saba samu na tsuntsaye a cikin gandun daji

Wannan babban tattabara na daji yana ciyar da abinci ne kacal. Vyakhir yana ciyar da bishiyoyi fiye da sauran wakilan dangin pigeon. Yana cin berries, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kwayoyi, ganye da ganye. Don isa zuwa ga abin da aka zaɓa, wannan tsuntsu yakan rataye shi a ƙasa. A gefe guda, idan ya cancanta, mai filler ya sami abinci a ƙasa, yana ɗaukar hatsi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kwayoyi, kumburin blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries.

Bugu da kari, daskararren kasa da matafilai sune abincin da aka yarda dasu. Tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in suna da hankali sosai, saboda haka sukan tashi don ciyar da safe ko da sanyin safiya.

A lokacin rani, tsuntsaye suna da hankali sosai kuma suna ɓoyewa a cikin ƙarancin zargin hatsari. Lokacin da lokacin kaka ya isa, pigeons sukan taru a cikin garken kuma suna tashi don buɗe sarari.

Kyauta ta musamman a gare su ita ce ragowar hatsi a cikin filayen bayan girbin alkama, legumes. Wannan abincin yana da darajar kuzari mai ƙarfi ga tattabara. Kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, sharar abinci na iya jan hankalin tsuntsaye.

A wannan lokacin ne purton suka fi saurin kamuwa da cuta, tunda zasu fi zama 'yan farauta farauta.

Babban maqiyan vyahirei

Babban haɗari ga mayya a cikin daji yana wakiltar tsuntsaye masu farauta. Baya ga shaho da beraye, pigeons suna fama da matsanancin launin toka, magpies, jays, squirrels wanda ke lalata mazaunin su, lalata ƙwai. Marten na iya farautar vyakhir, tunda yana iya tafiya da yardar rai tsakanin rawanin bishiyoyi.

Saboda girman nauyi da girman su, wadannan tsuntsayen ba za su iya yin saurin kashewa ba, saboda haka, lokacin da suka sauka a kasa, suna cikin hadari daga dawakai da badgers.

Tare da duk abubuwan halitta, yawan pigeons na daji suna shafa kai tsaye ta mutumin da ya ɗauki wannan nau'in kwari mai kwari kuma yana lalata shi. Bugu da kari, a wasu yankuna, wasan shagulgula na wasan tsalle-tsalle ya sami shahara musamman. Don harba pigeon, mafarautan suna amfani da hanyoyi masu sassauci, bait da tarko.

Sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyuka yakan zama raguwa ga yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen zuwa matsanancin matsayi. Tare da bala'o'i, irin waɗannan abubuwan suna lalata ƙazaman daji.

Za ku taimaka mana da yawa idan ka raba labarin a shafukan sada zumunta da makamantansu. Na gode da hakan.

Biyan kuɗi zuwa tasharmu.

Karanta karin labarai akan Gidan Bird.

Ritasar da mazauni

Ana samun Vahir a yawancin sassan duniya. Tana zaune a Yammacin Turai da Gabashin Turai, Iran, Iraq, Himalayas, Arewacin Afirka, Asiaan Asiya da Arewacin Asiya.

Tattabara daji ya bazu a cikin yankin tsohon USSR. Ana iya samunsa a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna:

• Volhynia.
• Skirts.
• Yankin Novgorod.
• Yankin St. Petersburg.
• Yammacin Siberiya.
• Yankin Azov.
• Caucasus
• Crimea

Vahir tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura. Winters yawanci a cikin Crimea da Caucasus. Mazaunin gandun daji na barin hunturu ba farkon Satumba ba, kuma farkon masu isowa an riga an lura da su a farkon Maris.

Pigeon witten na iya tsayawa a cikin gandun daji daban-daban. A arewa, ya fi son zama a cikin gandun daji coniferous da tsiro. Motsawa daga kudu, gandun daji sun hade, tsuntsaye kuma suna jin daɗin su. Idan an samo conifers, sai su zaunar da su. Kurciya ba ta yarda da itacen oak ba. Sun kuma sami mafakarsu a cikin yankin steppe, inda babu gandun daji da yawa. Yana son kudan zuma da gandun daji na Birch.

Wahir Hunt

Mafarautan wannan tsuntsu shine m taron. Koyaya, taka tsantsan ga mafarauci babbar matsala ce. Yayin farauta yana buƙatar haƙuri da jimiri. Ba duk maharbi bane ke yin farauta don vahirey, tunda an kashe adadi da yawa na katako.

A lokacin bazara, mafarautan suna yin kwaikwayon pigeons na daji, suna ɗaukar su ta wannan hanyar.

A lokacin rani, farautar scarecrow ya zama ruwan dare. A matsayin koto, yi amfani da tsoratarwar vakhir daga shagon. Rayuwa mai rai, kasancewa tare da jama'a, da farin ciki tashi zuwa wannan nau'in koto, wanda shine mafarautan amfani da su.

Sauran fasahohin farauta kuma ana amfani da su:

• A wuraren shayarwa,
• A wuraren ciyarwa,
• neman zuwa wuraren hutawa,
• tare da kusanci.

Don farautar tsuntsayen daji amfani da bindigogin sama. Wannan ya faru ne saboda dadaddun nau'in tsuntsaye iri iri. An lalata wasu nau'in vahir sakamakon irin wannan farauta.

Yawan vyakhirei yana raguwa ba kawai saboda harbi ba, har ma saboda lalatawar daji, wanda ya zama gidansu.

Ingancin murya da hali

Ko da gari ya waye, vahir ya fara fitar da halayyar sautin "kru-ku-ku-kuk". Pigeons suna yin jirgin sama mai kuzari, suna yin kaifin fikafikai. Yayin kiwo, tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna nuna halin sirri, suna ɓoye a cikin ganyayyakin bishiyoyi kuma sun yi shuru idan sun ji cewa dabbobi ko mutane suna gabatowa.

Kurciya tana ciyar da yanki iri ɗaya, nesa ba kusa da gida ba. Yana yin halayya a hankali a kan tashi, yawanci yana tsayawa a kan shimfidar wurare, inda yake da wuya a samu zuwa wasu dabbobi.

Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya

Kurciya na daji wata halitta ce da take son tsari da shiru. Da alama birni yana haifar da rage girman mazaunan karkara, saboda wannan zai iya yin shuru a cikin gandun daji. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa yawon shakatawa da yawon shakatawa suna haɓaka da mahimmanci, pigeons suna barin mazaunan da suka saba da su. Kurdawan daji kusan sun daina zama a cikin gandunan daji na birni wanda masu zana na naman kaza suka ziyarci kusan tsawon lokacin bazara.

Yawan bitamin ya fara raguwa tun daga ƙarshen 40s na ƙarni na 20, dalilin wannan shine amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin aikin gona - adadi mai yawa da ya haifar da mutuwar tsuntsaye. A yau, yawan mafarautan ba su kare ba daga mafarauta; a garesu, farauta mugayen daji shine caca. Kurciya tana jujjuyawa cikin sauki, koda mafarauci ya shiga ta, saboda ba abu bane mai sauƙi a sami tsuntsun da ya mutu, kuma wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa farautar ta ci gaba.

A cikin Azores akwai rayayyun ƙungiyoyi na vyakhir - Columba palumbus azorica, wanda aka haɗo cikin littafin nan mai kyau. Ya zauna gandun daji na dukkanin manyan tsibiran tsibirai, amma a yau ana samunsu ne kawai a tsibiran Pico da San Miguel. Wani reshen lardin, wanda aka kafa a tsibirin na Madeira - Columba palumbus maderensis, an lalata shi a farkon karni na ƙarshe.

Rayuwa & Tsawon lokaci

Kamar yawancin dabbobin daji, pigeons sun fi son taka tsantsan. Dalilin haka shine cewa Wyahiri basuda taimako a gaban manyan magabata. Amma yana taimaka musu su guji haɗarin damar damar haɓaka saurin jirgin. Idan maharbi yana kusa, sai pantan suka yi shuru suka daskare, ta yadda ba za su ci amanar kansu ba. Kuma za a sanar da dabbar cewa akwai wata iska mai guguwa kusa da ita, fuka-fukan tsuntsaye, saboda a yayin jirgin za ku iya jin saututtukan da suke kama da kara.

Tsuntsaye ba sa son mutane. Sun fi son ba da wuraren da ba kusa da nisan mil 2 daga mazaunan mutane. Amma akwai irin waɗannan yanayin da ke kusanci da mutane, amma duk da haka da wuya ka same su a manyan biranen. Suna son gandun daji masu nisa - a can suna jin daɗin rayuwa, amintattu, suna da damar da za su yi zuriyarsu.

Tsakanin kansu, vahiri suna aiki da kuzari, suna jin daɗin rayuwa. Suna da manyan garken dabbobi, adadin tsuntsayen na iya kaiwa fiye da mutane dozin biyu.

A karkashin yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, pigeons daji zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 16.

Ta yaya ake samar da tattabara?

Kurdawa sun isa balaga cikin watanni 10-11 daga haihuwa. A wannan lokacin ne don jawo hankalin mata, maza maza suna zaune a saman bishiyoyi kuma su fara sanyaya ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci sukan fara ranar su daga wannan, saboda ana amfani dasu wajen yin irin waɗannan safiya da safe.

Bayan mace ta mai da hankali ga tattabara, sai ya sauka, ya yi ta zagaye da ita, ba ya daina sanyaya. Irin waɗannan wasannin mating daga baya suna haifar da kwanciya-kwanciya.

Gida na ƙasa

Kafin samarda qwai, witnuts ba dace da gida. Suna da matukar damuwa game da tsarin. Kafin ka ɗauki twig don gini, tsuntsaye a hankali suna shafa shi da gemunsa, kamar suna neman ƙarfi. Sai kawai bayan da tsuntsu ya tabbata cewa ingancin kayan ya dace, zai ɗauki shi ya gina gida.

Musamman abin burgewa shine gudun da vahiri ya samar da gida; yana ɗaukar daysan onlyan kwanaki don ginin. Suna ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan firam ta amfani da rassan kauri, tsakanin layin twigs mafi sauƙin sassauƙan, ƙananan twigs. A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a sami gida tare da shimfiɗaɗɗen ƙasa da keɓaɓɓun rago yana da ramuka da yawa waɗanda ke tashi tsakanin rassan.

Pigeons suna gano mazaunansu a tsayin dadda basu wuce mil biyu ba daga ƙasa. Kirkirar mara hankali kawai na iya amfani da ragowar ciyawar sauran tsuntsayen, alal misali, falpam, magpies, hankaka.

Abokan gaba na Vahir

Mafi hatsarin mafarauta ga tattabara daji shine tsuntsayen da suka farauto. Pigeons wahala ba kawai daga falcons da shaho, amma kuma daga jays, squirrels, ravens launin toka, magpies - sun lalata nakan vyakhire, lalata qwai. Marten shima mafarauci ne na tattabara, wanda ke da ikon ya motsa tsakanin yardar itatuwa.

Tunda an bambanta wyahiri ta babban taro da kuma girman jikinsu, ba su da ikon ɗauka da sauri. Lokacin da suka sauka a ƙasa, yawanci suna zama abinci ga badgers da dawakai.

Vitutnits suna wahala sosai daga mutane, wanda yawan adadin tsuntsayen suke raguwa sosai. Wasu mutane sunyi imani cewa pigegun daji suna cutar bishiyoyi kuma saboda haka suna lalata tsuntsaye.

Vyahiri - pigeons na daji, ko da yake daji, amma ba mai haɗari ga mutane ba. Abubuwan halayen waje na tsuntsaye suna da ban mamaki musamman: sunada yawa, amma saurin sauri: lura da haɗari, nan da nan suke ɓoye. Tsuntsaye na iya canza kansu da kyau. Suna kulawa da zuriyarsu, suna ciyar da kawunansu kyauta.

Hadari ga pigeons

A halin yanzu, akwai kusan nau'ikan 290 a duniya. Istswararrun masana sun haye wata ƙwaya tare da wani don haɓaka ko kuma kula da ƙimar halaye masu mahimmanci. Amma, duk da ci gaban masana'antar kiwo, akwai wasu nau'ikan da suka daina wanzu saboda wargajewar.

Trisulfone - umarnin don dillalai, zomaye da shanu

A cikin wuraren da aka ba da izinin, farauta don hutawa shine mafi yawan lokutan mutane. Abun kula da tsuntsayen, mafarautan wasanni suna jin daɗin rawar kama tsuntsaye wani babban jin daɗi. Don nishadi domin kukan tsuntsu rayayye suna yin tsoratarwa ta musamman a cikin yanayin ruɗani, wanda ya kamata ya zama wani ƙarfafa don bayyanar tattabara. Kuma wasu mafarautan zasu iya kwaikwayon sautin tsuntsaye.

Godiya ga irin wannan nishaɗin, wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban an daɗe ana jera su a cikin littafin Red kuma suna ƙarƙashin kariya. Aƙalla akwai ƙarami, amma begen cewa mutanen da ba su nemo aikace-aikacen su don sha'awar su ba, da zaran sun farfado kan 'yan uwanmu marasa tsaro, duk da haka za su sake nazarin ayukan da suke yi tare da kallon duniyar da ke cike da jituwa ta zahiri - tare da idanu daban!

Abubuwan da ba za a iya sani ba

Yawan pigeons na wannan nau'in sun dogara da ayyukan ɗan adam. Daga cikin abubuwan da basu dace ba don vyahire, yana da mahimmanci a nuna yawan amfani da shi a cikin aikin gona na takin mai ma'adinai da magungunan kashe qwari, sabili da haka ne ya sa yawan kwayayen wannan nau'in suka fara koma baya a shekarun 1940-1950. Bugu da kari, vituniten baya son tashin hankali, kuma yanzu a cikin gandun daji na kewayen birni da wuraren nishaɗi na waɗannan tsuntsayen ya zama babu walwala. Don haka, a cikin wadannan gandun daji da mutane ke yawan ziyarta, koda kuwa su baƙi ne na yau da kullun waɗanda ba za su yi mugunta ga tsuntsaye ba, waɗannan kukan sun daina zama. Kodayake har zuwa mafi girma yawan raguwar mutane yana shafar harbin pigeons, waɗanda suke mafarauta, galibi daga farincikin wasanni, tunda waɗannan tsuntsayen basu da ƙimar tattalin arziki na musamman. Kuma babu wata cuta daga gare su. Ba kamar kwalliya masu launin shuɗi ba, vyahiri ba masu ɗaukar cututtukan haɗari masu haɗari ba, aƙalla saboda ƙarancin hulɗa da dabbobi da mutane.

Akwai dalilai na halitta waɗanda zasu iya shafar yawan tsuntsaye. Waɗannan yanayi ne daban-daban da kuma yanayin yanayin yanayin rayuwa wanda lokaci zuwa lokaci ana samun su akan iyakokin arewa da arewa maso yamma na mazaunin waɗannan tattabarai.

A cikin sanyi, lokacin bazara mai nisa ko lokacin bazara, lokutan farauta daga cikin wadannan tsuntsaye na iya yin jinkiri zuwa watan Yuni ko Yuli. Wannan yana nufin za a sami ƙwai ɗaya ɗaya.

Masu farautar fyaɗe sune maƙiyan Wyahira na dabi'a. Wannan falcon pertine da goshawk. Amma Wyahiri kuma ya sha wahala daga kananan magabata (Crow, Jay da Magpies). Karshen su ya lalata ƙwai na wyahirai. A cewar wasu rahotanni, suna yin asarar kusan 40% na asarar kwai. Dabbobin dabino na iya lalata gidan waɗannan tattabarai.