Drill Mandrillus leucophaeus * Vertebrates

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Nazarci (Mandrillus leucophaeus) yana zaune a Kamaru, kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da kuma tsibirin Bioko. A cikin bayyanar, wannan halli yana kama da kusancin Mandril. Fuskar mara kunya kusan gashi ce, sashin gabanta sanannen yayi yayi tsawo, kuma furzar kashi tana hade da hanci. Gashin wannan dabbar yana da launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi mai duhu, mai kauri kuma yana rufe kusan dukkanin jiki, ban da gindi, waɗanda a cikin duhun suna haske mai haske ko shuɗi. Hannun Dril sun kasance na bakin ciki kuma suna da kyau, suna kama da yatsun ɗan adam. Drill babban biri ne: tsawon jikinsa ya kai 60-75 cm, nauyi -20 kg, yayin da maza suka ninka biyu kamar na mace wasu lokuta nauyinsu ya kai kilo 50.

Bayyanar Drill

Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. Maza sunkai kimanin kilo 25 a matsakaita, kuma mace tayi nauyi kilo 11.5. A tsayin daka, waɗannan firam ɗin sun girma zuwa santimita 61-77.

Wutsiyarsu ƙanana - kusan 7 santimita. Zzlearfin launin baƙar fata ba shi da gashi. Gashi ya tsinke cikin hanci. A cikin maza, an yi wa kwalin kwalliya kwalliya da fararen gashi, ƙananan lebe kuwa fari ne. Fuskokin duka suna ɗaure da farin gashi. Sauran jikin masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Gashinan gado na wadancan magabatansu sune lilac ko ruwan hoda.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Ba'a san yawancin game da yadda drills ɗin yake kiwo. Lokacin haihuwar shine kwanaki 168-176. Mace ta haifi maraƙi na 1, wannan yana faruwa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. Uwa tana ciyar da jariri madarar kimanin watanni 10. Lokacin da shekaru 3.5 shekaru girma ya zama balaga ta hanyar jima'i. Mata suna haihuwa kowane watanni 13-14. Tsawon rayuwar waɗannan birai a cikin daji shine shekaru 30-35, amma sun tsira zuwa mafi yawan shekaru 46.

Illarfafa andabi'a da Abincin Jiki

Magunguna suna aiki da rana. Suna kashe mafi yawan rayukansu a cikin ciyayi mai yawa a duniya. Wadannan dabbobin suna tafiya ne akan kafafu 4. Suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 20-30. Isungiyar tana jagorantar babban mutum namiji, mata da yawa da ƙananan dabbobi suna kusa da shi.

Kowane rukuni yana zaune a cikin yankin da yake cin abincinsa, amma waɗannan birai suna rayuwa ne ta hanyar tsiraici, saboda haka yankin na iya canzawa lokaci-lokaci. Yayin motsi, an haɗa gungun mutane da yawa zuwa babbar ƙungiya, wacce zata iya kunshi mutum ɗari da ɗari bakwai.

Magunguna suna kwana a bishiyoyi. Suna ciyar da dabbobi da shuka abinci. Daga kayan abinci, ana bayar da fifiko ga 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi, ganye, da namomin kaza, kuma daga abincin dabbobi, magaryar kwari, kwari, da kuma katako. Magunguna galibi suna lalata filayen dabino, saboda haka mutane suna ɗaukar waɗannan birai kamar kwari na aikin gona. Manoma sukan kare abin da suka mallaka da makamai. Bugu da ƙari, ana farauta drills saboda nama mai daɗin ci, kuma tunda mutane kullun suna cikin ƙungiyoyin tattarawa, ba shi da wahala a shiga su.

Damagaran Tamarines

Akwai sunaye da yawa na waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya: Oedipus marmoset, pinchet ko tamarin tamarin. A matsayin wurin zama, sun zabi gandun daji na Columbia da Panama. Agile, kamar squirrels, pinches yawanci zauna a cikin kambi na bishiyoyi da wuya sauko zuwa ƙasa.

Dabbobin suna ƙanana kaɗan: tsawon jikin mutum har zuwa 20 cm, wutsiya - kusan 35 cm, kuma nauyi yawanci baya wuce kilogiram 0.5. Tamarins suna zaune a cikin ƙananan iyalai, wanda adadin 10-20 mutane ne.

Snub-nosed Golden birai

Za a iya samun birai da-maciji ko kuma rhinopeticus a cikin tsaunukan lardunan Sichuan da Yunnan. A lokacin bazara, suna tashi a cikin dazuzzuka masu ban tsoro zuwa tsayi sama da mita 1,500, inda zafin jiki ya kai matsayin ramin ƙasa, saboda haka wani lokacin ana kiransu "birai dusar ƙanƙara".

A duniya, kusan wakilan nau'ikan 20,000 ne suka rage. Suna zaune a cikin babban garken, wanda yawansu yawansu ya kai 400 ko fiye.

Bald wakari

Ofaya daga cikin mafi girman yanayin ƙarancin binciken dabbobin dazuka daga gandun daji na ƙananan lamuran Amazon. Sai bayan ruwan sama suka sauko kasa su dauko 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka fadi. Hanyar rayuwa ta ciki tana ƙarƙashin tsari mai ƙarfi, an haɗa ƙananan al'ummomi zuwa manyan manya har zuwa mutum ɗari biyu.

Mazauna karkara suna kiran Uacari "birai na Ingilishi" saboda suna tunatar da su 'yan yawon bude ido da aka kona da rana.

Tonkin rhinopithecus

Wannan halittar wacce ba ta da fuska ta saba dashi shine Tonkin rhinopithecus ko dabbar snub-nosed Dolman, wani nau'in halittar dake cikin hadari da dangin Martyshkov. An samo shi ne kawai a arewacin Vietnam. Yawan jama'a a yau bai wuce mutum 250 ba.

Rhinopithecus suna ciyar da yawancin rayuwarsu akan itace, samar da kungiyoyi masu tsari.

Langur na Zinare

Birai-mai-bakin ciki daga dangin Martyshkov suna kan gab da ƙarewa. An kiyasta adadin magabatan a kusan mutane 1000.

Akwai yawon shakatawa na zinariya a masarautar Bhutan da kuma jihar Assam ta Indiya, inda ake ɗaukar su dabbobi tsarkaka ne. Harsuna suna yin rukuni-rukuni har zuwa mutum 12, waɗanda suka haɗa namiji da mace tare da zuriya. Samari maza suna zaune dabam.

Rayuwa & Abinci

Rayuwa drills a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, yawancin lokacin da suke ciyarwa a cikin ƙasa, suna motsawa a kan gabar jiki. Anan suke neman abinci: namomin kaza wanda ake iya ci, kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki, kwari da kuma wasu lokuta kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Guji daga mafarauta, mace da 'yan mata suna hawa zuwa ga rassan bishiyoyi masu kauri, yayin da maza suka fi son kare kariya: suna kaiwa abokan gaba hari sosai, suna fallasa kawunansu da jefar da duwatsu da sandunansu, har ma damisa suna tsoronsu.

Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa

Magunguna mafi yawan lokuta ana yinsa cikin rukuni na mutane 20-25 kuma sun ƙunshi namiji ɗaya, mata da yawa da zuriyarsu. Wasu lokuta kungiyoyi da yawa suna haɗuwa, sannan sama da birai 200 suyi natsuwa tare da ɗan lokaci a cikin yanki ɗaya. Cutar ciki a cikin waxannan magabatan na da kimanin watanni 7 kuma ya ƙare da haihuwar cubaya, wacce mace ce kawai ke kulawa da su. Yawancin maza suna aiki ne sosai don kare yankin daga masu fafatawa.

Bayanin

Drill yayi kama da daskararre sosai, amma fuskarsa ba ta da haske. Fushin mara gashi ya bushe cikin baki tare da wani ɓangaren gaban elongated da furzar kashi a gefen hanci. Bugu da kari, farin gashi yana kewaye da shi. Sauran rigar suna da launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi, ban da ɓangaren ɓoye na buttocks, waɗanda ke da launin ja ko shuɗi. Drills ya ɗan fi ƙanƙanci da ƙarfi, ya kai 60-75 cm tsayi kuma kilogiram 20 na nauyi. Maza kusan sau biyu sun fi girma da nauyi fiye da na mace. Wutsiyar takaice - daga 5 zuwa 7 cm.

Barazanar

Babban barazanar da ake yi da satar bayanai ita ce farauta da lalata gandun daji na wurare masu zafi don samun filayen noma. Abu na karshen shine hada shi da gaskiyar cewa drills yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi kuma suna nuna matukar kyama ga mutane. Ana daukar kwayoyin halitta a matsayin firam na Afirka, kuma ana kiyasta yawan su a cikin daji kusan mutane 3,000 ne kawai. An shirya mafaka mai kyau don faɗowa a cikin Kogin National na Korup a Kamaru, amma ci gaba da rayuwarsu yayin jinsin har yanzu yana da tambaya.

02.08.2018

Dodo na dril (lat. Mandrillus leucophaeus) mallakar dangin biri (Cercopithecidae). Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girman tsarin mulkin Afirka. Dangane da ƙididdigar fata, yawanta a cikin vivo bai wuce tsofaffi 3,000 ba. A cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da tarin masu zaman kansu akwai kusan dabbobi kusan 300.

Duk da matakan da aka dauka na kiyaye ire-iren halittar, manoma da makiyaya suna lalata ta sosai. Tsoffin suna ganin birai a matsayin barazana ga tsiron su, kuma na karshen a matsayin hanyar samun kudin shiga.

A cikin Afirka, ana ɗaukar nama mai ƙwari ba wai kawai kayan marmari ne mai kyau ba, har ma yana warkar da kaddarorin, don haka ta tsarin gida yana da tsada sosai.

Wani muhimmin al'amari ga raguwar alumma shine raguwar gandun daji a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.

Abin takaici, bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa na waɗannan wurare ana shuka su a maimakon su, waɗanda ba sa jawo tsoffin biyun da suka saba da mazauninsu.

Yaɗa

Dabbobin suna zaune ne musamman a Kamaru da kuma kudu maso yamma na tsibirin Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). An lura da kananan kungiyoyi a Najeriya da Gabon. Yawan tsibirin suna wakiltar pean majalissar M.l. poensis.

Kasancewar masu neman mukami sun mamaye sararin samaniya tsakanin kogunan Cross da Sanaga, kuma yadu sosai a arewa maso yammacin Kamaru. A cikin wuraren shakatawa na Korup da Takamanda, yana ƙarƙashin kariya ta jiha.