Karo na farko dana hango pangolin (lat. Pholidota), zaka iya yanke hukunci cewa kana da armadillo, amma waɗannan dabbobi gaba ɗaya ne. Pangolins alamu ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sunan maƙaryata ya fito daga kalmar "pengguling", wanda aka fassara daga Malay yana nufin "tashi a cikin ball". Gaskiyar ita ce cewa lokacin da hatsari ya taso, pangolin yakan ninka zuwa ƙwallon ƙafa.
Suna na ainihi a cikin muryar Latin kamar Pholidota. Abubuwa masu alaƙar wannan ɗabi'a suna da tsawon jiki zuwa 30 santimita 88, kuma girman wutsiyarsu galibi yayi dace da girman jikin kansa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun bambanta sosai da bayyanuwa daga danginta.
A cikin duk duniya akwai nau'ikan 8 waɗannan '' dodon-shinggehogs '' (bari mu kira su don nishaɗi). Wasu daga cikinsu - jinsuna 4 - suna zaune ne a yankin Kudancin da Equatorial Africa, sauran kuma - a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Kowane jinsi na musamman ne ta yadda yake. Sabili da haka, yanzu zamuyi sauri kan manyan halayen pangolins, sannan zamuyi magana game da kowane nau'in daban.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da wutsiya mai tsayi sosai, wani lokacin ma tana iya wuce tsawon jikin dabbar. Dukkanin jikin, yana farawa daga tsakiyar maƙarƙashiya kuma yana ƙare tare da ƙarshen wutsiya, an rufe shi da layuka masu yawa na faranti mai launin toka-shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi. Wannan tsari na sikeli yana ba dabba damar, duk da saurin sa, da sauri tayi birgima cikin ƙwallo. Hanci ne kawai, hanci, da cikin ciki na kafafu ba “kariya”. An rufe waɗannan aibobi tare da gajeriyar gajeru, ulu mai wuya.
Pointedarshen gefen kowane flake yana nuna. A kan lokaci, suna iya yin wanzuwa, amma sababbi suna bayyana a matsayinsu. A wannan yanayin, adadin flakes din bai canza ba. Irin wannan murfin "dragon" yana yin ayyuka na kariya na musamman kuma ba shi da alaƙa da murfin ƙaho na dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar karnuka.
Pangolins suna ciyarwa gaba ɗaya akan tururuwa da tururuwa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke kama da kama da yanayin tashin hankali, musamman maƙarƙwalwar haɓaka da ƙananan buɗe baki. Kamar duk dabbobi masu irin wannan abincin, harshen pangolins yana da tsawo kuma mai laushi. Tsayinsa yakai cm 40. tsokoki waɗanda suke kawo harshe cikin aiki sun wuce zuwa cikin kirji kuma suka isa ƙashin ƙugu.
Ba shi da haƙora, sabili da haka, don niƙa abinci mai rai, ganuwar ciki an rufe shi da keratinized epithelium tare da keratinized girma. Baya ga wannan, pangolin na iya hadiye kananan duwatsu, wanda shima ya taimaka wajen dafa abinci.
Suna samun abinci ta hanyar jan ganuwar magunan da ƙafafunsu masu ƙarfi. Amma wannan ba duka bane. Sai ya zama cewa yau daga cikin pangolins suna da kyau sosai ga tururuwa, kuma suna gudu zuwa gare ta kamar zuma.
Eyesaramin idanu an rufe su da ƙwallayen idanu, waɗanda suke da kyakkyawar kariya daga hare-hare daga tururuwa da naƙasassu. Ba dole ne ƙararraki ya dogara da gani da ji ba, amma ƙanshinta yana da kyau.
Pangolins dabbobi ne masu zaman kansu. Suna zaune a cikin ramuka masu zurfi ko rami. Wasu nau'ikan suna hawa bishiyoyi da kyau. Suna motsawa a hankali - ba fiye da 3,5 - 5 km / h ba. Saboda haka, lokacin da wata barazana ta faru, sai su yi birgima cikin ball kuma su rufe kawunansu da wutsiya mai ƙarfi. Don tura su zai buƙaci isasshen ƙarfi da ɓarna. Sai kawai manyan predan farauta masu ƙarfi, kamar damisa ko damisa, na iya yin wannan. Wani kare amintaccen pangolin shine sirrin sirrin da aka fito dashi daga cututtukan fitsari.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da fa'ida, kawai wani lokacin zaka iya haduwa da mace da ƙaramin ɗan rago a bayanta. 'Ya'yan itace ana kawo su sau daya a shekara, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Ciki yakan kai kimanin watanni 4-5. Pangolins na Afirka galibi suna haihuwar cubaya 1, da kuma na Asiya daga 1 zuwa 3. An haife jariri sosai, amma ba shi da gashi kuma yana da taushi, wanda a zahiri ya fara taurara cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Kamar kowane dabbobi masu shayarwa, farkon lokacin rayuwarsu, 'Ya'yan pangolin suna ciyar da madarar uwa, kuma bayan wata guda sai su canza zuwa abincin dabbobi. Idan akwai haɗari, mahaifiyar tayi sauri ta ɓoye ɗanta cikin "zobe" na jikinta.
Abun da ke cikin Pangolin ya ƙunshi Lizard kawai na Iyali (Manidae) tare da janareta huɗu na zamani, waɗanda ke da nau'ikan 8, kuma yanzu zamu san kowane ɗayansu. Da farko, yi la’akari da “’ yan Afirka ”(waɗanda ke zaune a Afirka ta Kudu ko Equatorial Afirka):
1. Raptor mai Dogon Tsoro (Uromanis tetradactyla) Yana zaune ne a bishiyoyi a cikin dazuzzukan yamma na Yammacin Afirka. Tana da wutsiya mafi tsayi a tsakanin sauran jinsuna. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 30-40 cm, kuma wutsiyarsa itace 60-70 cm.
2. Giant Raptor (Smutsia gigantea) Mafi girman duka. Tsawonsa ya kai cm 75-80, kuma wutsiyar ta kai 50-65 cm. Faranti na manya manya-manya ne. Ya bambanta da tsohuwar zaren, ta fi son zama a ƙasa da tono burrows. Tana zaune a Tsakiyar da Yammacin Afirka.
3. Farin-farin firikwensin Raptor (Phataginus tricuspis) Tsawon jikin mutum shine 35-45 cm, wutsiyar ta kai 40-55 cm Daga sunan ya zama a sarari cewa gashin kan hancinsa mai haske ne. Hakanan, ana rarrabe wannan nau'in ta ƙananan sikeli tare da ƙananan spikes. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka. Yana zaune a cikin bishiyoyi.
Matattara Raptor (Smutsia temminckii) Mafi sauri kuma mafi girman nau'ikan nau'ikan 8. Gidajen zama shine kwari da savannas na Gabas da Afirka ta kudu. Ya fi son zama a ƙasa.
To, yanzu jinsunan da aka samo a Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya:
1. Philippine Raptor (Manis culionensis) Yana zaune gabaɗaya a tsibiri da yawa na Philippine waɗanda suke cikin lardin Palawan.
2. Raptor na Indiya (Manis crassicaudata) Iyakar abin da jinsin da digs zurfi burrows ƙare a cikin wata gida Room. Yana zaune, kamar yadda kuka fahimta yanzu, a Indiya. Tsawon Jiki - 60-65 cm, tsawon wutsiya - 45-50 cm. An rufe shi da manyan sikelin na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
3. Javanese Raptor (Manis javanica) An ji mai girma duka a cikin m kambi na itatuwa da ƙasa mai sanyi. Yana da mazaunin ƙasa mai kyau. Zaku iya haduwa da shi a sashin Malacca, cikin Indochina da kuma Indonesia. An rufe shi da sikelin-matsakaici da launin ja.
4. Tataccen Raptor (Manis pentadactyla) Samu sunansa saboda abubuwan cigaba. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na Nepal, South China da Arewacin Indiya. Yana son ƙasa mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsa, amma kuma yana iya hawa bishiyoyi idan ya cancanta. Tsayin jiki - 50-60 cm, wutsiya - 30-40 cm.
Fuskokinsu na yau da kullun sunyi aiki sosai don mutane. Mazauna yankin suna kama su da yawa ba don nama ba, wanda ke dandanawa kamar naman alade, amma mafi yawan ɓangaren don sikelin harsashi da fata. Bugu da kari, wasu mutane sun danganta ga kahoni ikon al'ajabin - kariya daga harin zaki, wasu kuma - kariya daga maita da cuta.
A cikin 2012, jami'an kwastam na Thai suna kallon pangolin yayin wani taron manema labarai a Bangkok, Thailand. Jami’an kwastam sun kubutar da pangolins 138 masu hadarin gaske tare da darajarsu ta kai $ 46,000, wadanda suke shirin kwashe su daga kasar su ci. (Apichart Weerawong / Associated Press)
Pangolins guda biyu da aka ceto suna zaune a cikin kwando, Bangkok, Thailand. (Sakchai Lalit / Associated Press)
Pangolins na iya tsayawa a kan kafafunsu na kafaɗa domin a farfaɗiyar yanayin ƙasa. Haka kuma, babban tallafin su shine wutsiya. Idan akwai haɗari, pangolin yana haifar da amsawa na kariya. Ba wai kawai suna jefa kansu cikin kwallon ba ne, har ma suna haifar da wari mara kyau wanda ke ba da tsoro ga abokan gaba. Idan an juya pangolin a cikin kwallon, zai zama da wuya a kwashe.
Pangolin yana da wahalar kiyayewa, tunda babban abincin dinosaur kwari ne na wasu speciesan adam. A cikin ciki na lizard na iya zama daga 150 zuwa 2000 g na kwari da ɗimbin yawa.