I. Khitrov Moscow
Daga cikin yawan sabbin dabbobin da suka bayyana a kasar mu, mafi nisa daga karshe shine mallakar wasu nau'ikan kunkuru na ruwa. Amma duk da shahararrun ire-iren wadannan halittu masu rarrafe, mutane kima zasu iya alfahari da nasarorin da suka samu a cikin, har ma da yawan kiwo, ramuka masu rai Babban dalilin wannan shine mafi girman girman kunkuru, wanda ke buƙatar manyan terrariums.
Yanzu ƙananan kunkuru ya bayyana a cikin shagunan dabbobi, wanda aka san shi da ɗan saukin ma'amala na kulawa. Launin su launin ja ne mai launin shuɗi tare da fatarar launin shuɗi da amfanai masu haske a bayan idanu. Sayar da su ƙarƙashin sunan "rawaya-eared". A zahiri, su wakilan nau'ikan jinsin Arewacin Amurka biyu ne - Graptemys nigrinoda da G. pseudogeographica. Na farko ya fada cikin garken dabbobi, a bayyane ba zato ba tsammani a adadin da yawa. Kunkuru na nau'in na biyu ya kawo ɗaruruwan. Za'a tattauna su.
Wakilan halittar Hurtback Turtles (Graptemys) sun yadu a Arewacin Amurka. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da wasu, akwai pilospin, ko Mississippian, mbe (G. pseudogeographica). Wannan nau'in yana mallakar halittu iri-iri - daga rairayin bakin teku na Mississippi zuwa zurfin laka. Irin wannan filastik yana da matukar kyau ga terrarimers.
Hoto na ƙwanƙarar hoto
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, maza sun kai santimita 15, mace ta fi girma kaɗan, a cikin zaman talala, dukansu sun fi kaɗan.
Babban launi launuka daban-daban ne na launin toka, launin ruwan kasa da launuka na zaitun. Gudun launin ruwan kasa yana gudana ta tsakiyar baya, musamman ma a cikin kananan dabbobi. An rufe kai, wuya da wata gabar jiki tare da ratsi na haske a tsaye. Abubuwan haske masu launin shuɗi suna faruwa a bayan idanu. Uku na sama da ke kan hanyar jirgin suna da kariya a cikin wata karamar rijiya kusan baki a launi. Kowane garkuwa an yi masa ado da tsarin duhu mai duhu.
Sawspin kunkuru - masu ƙaddara aiki. Mafi yawan lokaci suna ciyarwa a ruwa neman abinci, kodayake suna, kamar sauran kunkuru masu kama da juna, suna buƙatar zuwa lokaci-lokaci ja daga kan tekun. A cikin yanayin, babban abincin su shine amphibians, kifi, kwari, mollusks da karamin ciyayi.
Don kiyaye kunkuru a cikin zaman talala, kuna buƙatar akwatin kifayen ko akwatin kifaye tare da "tsibiri". Matsayin ruwan zai iya zama [geboliyim (10-15 santimita), kuma yankin - ya isa ya zama iyo. Ilasa - kowane, amma lokacin amfani da manyan pebbles ko tsakuwa, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara yashi mai kyau, wanda kunkuru ya haɗiye lokaci zuwa lokaci. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 15-32 ° C, ga dabbobi masu shekara 22 zuwa 28 ° C. Sama da "tsibiri" yana da kyawawa don ƙarfafa fitilar incandescent, a ƙarƙashin wanda zafin jiki zai iya isa 35-40 ° C (don dumama na gida).
Photo pilospin kunkuru
Ciyar ba ta da wahala musamman. Urtaya kunkuru suna farin cikin cin nama, kifi, kazalika da kwari na ruwa, kifin kifaye, abinci irin na mutum. Amma tare da kowane irin abincin, don hana taushi na carapace, yana da kyau a ƙara shirye-shiryen da ke ƙunshe da ƙwayar calcium a cikin abinci. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga matasa, dabbobi masu himma. Abincin kuma yana ƙara duckweed, richchia, ganyen matasa na letas ko Dandelion. Idan za ta yiwu, kunkuru yakamata a yi amfani da kunkuru tare da fitila ma'adini, musamman a cikin shirin kiwo.
A cikin terrarium sawspin kunkuru a kai a kai irin, kwanciya 3-7 qwai a kan “tudu” ko kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Dole ne a canza su zuwa cikin kwandon shara, inda kunkuru na kusan santimita 4 ke kwance cikin zafin jiki na 22-25 ° C bayan kwanaki 53-55. Suna da launuka masu haske fiye da manya, suna da yanayin tashin hankali kuma ba sa iya fitowa daga ruwa.
Saw Kunkuru - Kyakkyawan ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa ga ma'aikatan terrarium tare da matsakaicin horo. Ana fatan wannan dabbar kyakkyawa zata sami masu sha'awar ta.
Malay-totoise-flat-tallafa (Malayan Notochelys platynota)
Sako baniwur »Feb 16, 2019 9:25 PM
Suna (rus): kunkuru mai goyan bayan Malay
Suna (lat): Notochelys platynota
Suna: Malayan Flat-Shelled Turtle
Suborder: (Cryptodira) Lurker
Iyali: (Geoemydidae) Kogin Asiya, akwatin
Subfamily: (Geoemydinae)
HALITTA: (Notochelys) Flat Back
Bayanin: Tsawon olong elongated carapace ya haɗu zuwa cm 32. Akwai keel na tsakiya a kan carapace. Launi mai launi iri ɗaya daga launin fata zuwa launin fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, mai cike da duhu mara duhu da ratsi. Matasa suna da duhu guda biyu akan kowane fitilar vertebral kuma ɗayan kowane flap na sha'awa.
Plastron da jumper sune launin rawaya-orange a launi tare da manyan duhu akan kowane garkuwa, ko ma baki ɗaya. Gashin kai da wuya launin ruwan kasa, ƙamshi da makogwaro sun zama marasa kyau ga tsofaffi. Yara dabbobin na iya samun rawanin rawaya mai tsayi a bayan ido da kuma wani daga bakin bakin zuwa wuyansa. Thean ƙafa yana da launin ruwan kasa tare da manyan garkuwa.
Habitat: Daga kudu na Myanmar da Vietnam ta hanyar Thailand da kuma gaba ɗaya yankin Malcca na Zirin har zuwa Sumatra, Java (Indonesia) da Sarawakka (Boneo, Malaysia). Yawancin wuraren ajiya iri-iri tare da ciyayi masu yawa, gami da rafukan tsaunuka masu tsabta.
Abinci: herbivore, ya fi son ciyayi mai ruwa.In ɗaurin talala, yakan ci kayan lambu da yawa, amma ya fi son 'ya'yan itatuwa, musamman ayaba.
Sake bugun: A lokacin kiwo, hanci na maza na iya zama ja. Akwai kimanin ƙwai 3 a cikin baho, 56x27-28 mm a girma. Jariri suna da launi mai kyau fiye da manya kuma keel yana da alaƙa. Girman jarirai shine 55-57 mm a tsayi.
Rarraba kunkuru-mara baya.
Toan wasan da aka tallafa wa mara lafiyan yana da matuƙar wahala ga Ostiraliya kuma da ƙarancin motsawa daga manyan wuraren rarraba - ruwan arewa na Ostiraliya. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yakan yi ƙaura zuwa Tropic of Capricorn ko kuma bakin tekun Papua New Guinea don neman abinci. Yankin ya hada da Tekun Indiya - gabas, tekun Pacific - kudu maso yamma.
Alamun waje na kunar farar-kashe.
Rtoyasar da aka mara wa baya ta yi matsakaiciya a cikin girman zuwa 100 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 70 - 90. Harsashi kashi ne, ba shi da tsagewa, m ort ko zagaye. An fentin launin launin toka-zaitun tare da launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko rawaya mai haske a kusa da gefen. Jirgin saman da ke gefen gefen an lullube shi da fata. Yatsun kafafu masu launin fari.
A cikin kunkuru na matasa, garkuwar suna bambanta ta hanyar raga na launin launin toka mai duhu, a tsakiyar akwai garkuwa na launi na zaitun. Matan da suka manyanta sun fi maza girma, amma maza suna da wutsiya masu tsayi. Duk maza da mata suna da kawuna masu zagaye, wadanda yawanci zaitun-kore ne mai launi wanda ya dace da launi da harsashi. Underbelly ya yi zagi ko rawaya.
Mafi kyawun halayyar waɗannan kunkuru shine sanannen su, har ma da harsashi mai kariya, wanda aka juya a gefen gefunan.
Akwai fasali guda daya mai ban sha'awa a cikin kunkuru mai goyon baya, harsashi na da bakin ciki fiye da na kunkuru na teku, don haka ko da karamin matsin lamba (alal misali, manyan fuskokin da ke bugun plastron) na iya haifar da zub da jini. Wannan fasalin shine babban dalilinda yasa kunkuru yakamata ya guji yin iyo a wuraren dutse tsakanin kogunan murjani.
Sake bugun kunkuru mai ƙarfi.
Balaguro a cikin kunkuru-maras kunkuru yana faruwa a watan Nuwamba da Disamba. Ofaya daga cikin wuraren da aka lura da ƙoshin mata shine Tsibirin Monrepos, mai nisan mil 9 daga arewa maso yamma da ƙashin tekun Bundaberg, Queensland. Akwai dandamali don sanya ƙwai. A halin yanzu, wannan yanki yanki ne da ke da karancin damar yawon bude ido.
Mace sun yi sheƙa a kan ganuwar dunes. Qwai yana da kusan tsawon mil 51, adadinsu ya kai ƙwai 50 - 150. Latwatsun Flatback suna ba da zuriya tun yana da shekaru 7-50. Suna zaune a cikin yanayi na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, har zuwa shekaru 100.
Halin da kunkuru ya koma baya.
Ba a san yawancin abubuwa game da halayyar kunkuru mai ƙarfi a cikin teku ba. Manya kamar suna hutawa a kusa da kan dutse ko a ƙarƙashin manyan duwatsun, yayin da kunkuru kunkuru suna barci a saman ruwa.
Zasu iya tsayawa a karkashin ruwa tsawon awanni har sai numfashi na gaba.
Tkuru-backedwararren baya-ruwa yana iyo sosai, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka damar samun ceto yayin da masu kisa. Bugu da kari, matasa suna bayyana cikin dare, saboda duhu yana basu wasu kariya lokacin kunkuru ya saba da sabon yanayin.
Kunkuru da babban serrated crest da serrated poabila gefen bakin tashin hankali. Crest smoothes tare da shekaru. Tsarin maza yana da tsayi 15 cm, kuma na mace ya kai cm 27. paceauraran zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Fatar fata ce mai ruwan zaitun tare da adadi mai yawa na rawaya mai tsawo a wuya, kafafu, wutsiya, kai. Shugaban karami ne. Bayan idanun akwai tabarau na kusurwa masu launin rawaya a sama ko a ƙasa da kunci, kuma tare da wuyan wuyan ya shimfiɗa kai 1-3 yana kai zuwa idanu.
Habitat
Tashar Mississippi da haraji daga St. Croy a Wisconsin har zuwa gabar tekun Gulf a Louisiana da Gabashin Texas.
A yanayi
Mazaunan ruwayoyin ruwa tare da ciyayi masu yawa daga rairayin bakin teku zuwa fadamomi. Omnivores.
Kiwo
A lokacin kakar, mace tana sanya ƙwai 8-22 (3-7) a cikin kira 2-3. Qwai suna elliptical a siffar. Yawan zafin jiki shine 22-25 ° C kuma tsawon lokacin shi ne kwanaki 53-93. Cubs ƙyanƙyashe a ƙarshen bazara. Tsawonsu shine 25-37 mm kuma suna da launi mai haske. Yaran sun yi launin fata fiye da manya, sun fi kamanni da yawa kuma ba sa iya fitowa daga ruwa.
Rayuwar rayuwa sama da shekaru 20.
Don tabbatarwa, kuna buƙatar akwatin kifin tare da tudu, mai ba da wuta, ma'auni, UV da fitilar dumama. Matsayin ruwan zai iya zama cm cm 10-15. Zazzabi iska shine 22-28 C kuma ƙarƙashin fitilar - 35-40 C. Ruwan zafin shine 24-28 C.
Ciyar da abinci ya fi kyau da safe da tsakar rana. Ya kamata a bambanta abincin - kifi, abinci bushe, nama, amphibians, kwari, jini, leas, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.
Matsayin kiyayewa daga kunkuru mai dawowa.
Lataƙƙarfan kunkuru ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin Jerin IUCN Red List. Akwai raguwa cikin lambobi sakamakon tara gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan teku, cututtukan cuta, ragin mazauni da lalata kunkuru saboda kare ƙwai. Urtarbar kunkuru na fuskantar barazanar ta hanyar shigo da dawakai da dawakai, karnukan feral da aladu.
Don hana bazata na kunkuru a cikin raga a cikin tarho yayin kamun kifi, ana amfani da na'urar keɓewa ta musamman don kunkuru, wacce tayi kama da dutsen kuma tana cikin tarko, saboda ƙananan kifaye kawai ake kamawa. Flatback kunkuru yana da ɗayan iyakantattun kewayon yanki tsakanin wasu nau'in kunkuru na teku. Don haka, wannan gaskiyar tana da ban tsoro kuma tana nuna ci gaba da raguwa, mutane ƙalilan ana samun su a cikin mazauna, wanda ke nuna barazanar lalata.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.