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Masana kananzir na son croaker ga adadi kaɗan na ƙasusuwa, gourmets don kyakkyawan dandano, marassa lafiya ga kayayyakin warkarwa. Kowane yana samo a cikin wannan kifayen nasa ɓangaren sha'awa, wanda ke ƙara darajar yanka a cikin abincin ɗan adam.

Tarihin Samfura da Geography

Mai croaker yana zaune a Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Indiya, ruwan Farisa da wasu sassan Gabar Mexico, a Caribbean, Black, Rawaya, Red, Rum da Azov Seas. Babu wakilan jinsunan a Tekun Pasifik, Melanesia, Polynesia, da Atlantika. Ana samun manyan kifayen kusa da bakin manyan kogunan, kamar Orinoco, Amazon, Mississippi, Parana, Indus, Kongo, Ganges.

Ba a san tarihin bayyanar kyawawan abubuwa a cikin dafa abinci ba, duk da haka, a bayyane yake cewa a yau wannan kifi muhimmin abu ne na kasuwanci tare da halayen abinci masu mahimmanci. Wasu gourmets suna ɗaukar croaker azaman abin ci. Saboda kyawawan halayen abinci mai mahimmanci, croaker na azurfa yana da mahimmanci kasuwanci. Ana hakar ma'adinin a cikin Tekun Indiya, a bakin gabashin gabashin Afirka, Ostiraliya, Abkhazia, Ukraine, Russia, a Tsibirin Philippine, a Tekun Bahar Maliya. Sauran wakilan dangin croaker ba su da ƙima, duk da haka, su ma abubuwan kamun kamun kifi ne.

Sakamakon raguwar adadin mutane, gonaki suka haifar da wannan kifin a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. An girma cikin yanayin keji a cikin rami mai rufewa tare da ruwa mai gishiri ko gishiri. Ana daukar fasaha da tsada sosai. Isra’ila ce kuma jagora a fagen kiwo. Growsasar ta haɓaka nau'in kifaye masu launin ja da azurfa a gonaki a cikin birnin Atlite. Don haifuwar croaker, ana amfani da nau'ikan 5-6.

A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, kasar Sin ta mamaye wani babban matsayi tsakanin masana'antun masana'antu na gibbionts daban daban. Daga cikin irin girman gonakin da ke tattare da tsarin kifin na Celestial, akwai nau'ikan croaker biyu. Manyan gonakun da ke dauke da kabura da da'ira suna cikin lardunan Zhejian, Fujian, Hainan. Kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin kifaye masu tasowa sun sami masu samarwa daga Brazil, Mexico, Australia. A bango daga shahararrun shahararrun 'yan shayarwa na Rasha, babu wani abin alfahari da shi. A cikin kasar, ana jin cewa bunƙasa satar dabbobi ba shi da riba, tunda farashin kifin ɗin ba zai zama ƙasa da $ 10 ba a lokacin fita, kuma ba zai yiwu a sami mai siyar da shi ba.

Jinsuna da iri

A croaker memba ne a cikin gidan croaker. A cikin duka, akwai kusan nau'ikan 250 da kifin na 56, wanda uku daga cikinsu ruwa ne mai kyau, biyu kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri. Mutane suna kiran croaker saboda sauti, wanda mutane sukeyi lokacin da suka yi kwangilar tsokoki da aka haɗa da kumburin iska kuma suna aiki kamar ɗakuna. A kasuwar Asiya, ana kiranta croaker, a Amurka kamar corvina (spanish ma'anar kalmar humps) Asalin sunan kifin ya kasance saboda rashi mai zurfi.

Duhun duhu da haske, wanda ake samu a cikin Tekun Azov da Black Sea, an fi kama shi akan kantuna na gida. Mazaunan Gabas sun fi samun ɗan ƙaramin nau'in kifin rawaya. An samo shi a cikin Tekun Kudancin China. A cikin yankin Indiya, ana gudanar da kamun kifin kasuwanci don jan kifi. Iderarfin gaggafa galibi yana zaune a bakin tekun Spain, Morocco, da Portugal. Ana samun nau'in tsiro ko launin toka a cikin yankin gabar teku na Amurka. An haƙa ma'adinan zinare a tsibirin Philippine, a Afirka, Rasha, Ostiraliya.

Kifi yakan zo zuwa shelves sau da yawa tare da daskararre gutted b / g ko tare da saman gawa. Zai iya zama daban-daban da girma dabam. Girman mutane ya dogara da mazauninsu, ɗabi'a da wadatar abinci na yanka. Misali, karamin grumbler da ke zaune a cikin Tekun Rawaya yana da tsawon 35 cm kuma taro mai kusan 1 kg, kifin ja daga Tekun Indiya ko Tekun Kudancin China ya girma zuwa 90 cm kuma nauyin 6-7 kg. Wani samfuri na musamman da mahimmanci a kasuwa shine nama mai croaker na azurfa. Yana da babban ɗanɗano da halayen abinci, yana girma cikin tsayi daga 40 cm zuwa 2 m, kuma yana samun nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 55. Ana yiwa samfurin lakabi da girman kewayon (7+, da sauransu.), wanda ke nuna matsakaicin nauyin kifin a cikin babban taron.

Kifi Croaker

Kifin croaker (Pareques acuminatus), bisa ga rarrabuwa a kimiyance, mallakar dangin Gorbylev ne, wanda ke da kusan nau'ikan 275. Toari ga sunan kimiyya kuma bisa hukuma sananne, ana kiran mai croaker yawanci mai kiran dutsen, ƙarama, melakopia, grumbler ko corvina. Kodayake dangin Gorbylev sun hada da jinsin mutane da yawa, wakilai biyu ne kawai ke yaduwa a cikin duwatsunmu - duhu da mai haske.

Irin wannan nau'in azaman mai walƙiya na haske yana isa ga girman daɗaɗɗa. Tsawon mai kamun kifi zai iya kaiwa mita ɗaya da rabi. An bambanta ƙarshen kifin mai kifi ta launin launin ruwanta, da kuma kasancewar baƙin rami. Croaker din ya samo asali ne saboda tsananin kaifin baya. Da alama kifin ya yi tsiro da gaske.

Akwai ƙananan antennae a kan cinikin kifin. An rarrabe kifin mai croaker ta hanyar fin fincinta, wanda ya kasu kashi biyu kashi biyu. Kashi na sama na kyakkyawan kifaye, croaker ya tashi sama da ƙasan ƙasan. Shrimp, tsutsotsi, ƙananan kifi, da mollusks sune tushen abincin kifin. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kifin mai croaker ya zaɓi ƙasa da dutsen da dutse don zama.

Dukansu nauyin haske da duhu na kifayen croaker sun zama ruwan dare a Tekun Azov da Black Sea. A cikin bayyanar su, haske da duhu croaker kusan basa bambanta. Saboda wannan dalili, zai zama da wahala abu mai son rarrabe bambancin jinsi daga wani. Baya ga haske da duhu mai duhu, akwai wasu nau'in kifayen waɗanda suke da mahimmancin kasuwanci.

Misali, a cikin Tekun Kudancin China an kara karamin croaker mai rawaya, kuma a cikin Tekun Indiya - ja. Wanda ake kira dawa gaggafa yana zaune a cikin gabar ruwa ta Morocco, Portugal da Spain. Wani nau'in kifi mai launin toka ko taguwar, croaker, ya zama ruwan dare a bakin Tekun Amurka. Ana samun nau'ikan kuɗin azaman kifayen bakin teku daga gabashin gabashin Afirka, har ma a Ostiraliya da tsibirin Philippine.

A duk ƙasashe inda ake girbe kifi, ana ɗaukar abincin kabeer karɓa ne mai ɗanɗano. Gasa kifi mai gasa ne, an dafa shi, har ma da soyayyen, an bushe har ma da gishiri. A cikin latularmu, yawancin lokuta zaka iya ganin mai kifi a cikin mai sanyi.

Ya kamata a karfafa cewa kifi mai naman kifi yana ƙunshe cikin jerin ƙwayoyin cuta mai amfani da su, wanda a ciki yawancin adadin ana yin lissafin shi ta hanyar da ake kira mahaɗa ma'adanan abubuwa. Daga ra'ayi na likitanci, mafi mahimmancin abincin da ake dafa abinci shine broth, wanda aka shirya daga mai kamun kifi.

Siffofin mai amfani

Nutimar abinci mai gina jiki samfurin shine 104-153 kcal / 100 g. Kifin ya ƙunshi 0.3 g na omega-3, 17.8 g na furotin, 56 MG na sodium, 61 mg na cholesterol, 1.1 g na mai mai mai daɗin rai. Bugu da kari, yana dauke da sinadarin potassium, wanda ke shiga cikin tsarin electrochemical na kyallen zuciya, sinadarin phosphorus, wanda ya wajaba don gina tsoka, kasusuwa da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, jan karfe, wanda ke shafar hadewar jini da metabolism da sauran abubuwan. Abun samfurin ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin, daga cikinsu A, B9, B12, PP, C. mafi rinjaye.

An sani cewa kifin mai warin guba na narkewa na ciki, yana motsa ci. Ana ba da shawarar tasa ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan ciki, atherosclerosis, da rikicewar jini.

Ku ɗanɗani halaye

Raw kifi nama ne yawanci fari, duk da haka, mutane da launin toka mai nama ana samun. Mai croaker yana ɗanɗano yana da daɗi. Pulwanƙwasawarsa mai laushi ne, mai laushi, mai kama da rago. Fata na kifi ne edible. Wanda yake da ma'amala bashi da wadataccen dandano da ƙanshi iri iri, ko kuma ƙanshi, kuma dangane da halayen abinci mai kyau suna iya zama mazaunan rafin kogunan.

Aikace-aikacen dafa abinci

Akwai girke-girke da yawa don yin croaker. Ana dafa shi a cikin tanda, ana soya a cikin kwanon rufi ko gasa, gishiri, gishiri, an dafa shi a cikin tukunya, ana sarrafa shi ta wasu hanyoyi.

Yadda ake dafa kifi?

• Soya gurasa ko batter.
• A dafa ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai' heh 'tare da sesame da ganyen letas.
• Stew tare da stew kayan lambu.
Soya daga abin da ke ɓoye.
• Tafasa mai arziki, ƙanshi mai ƙanshi.
• Dafa dafaffen nama tare da kifi da shinkafa.

Wadanne abubuwa ne slab din ya hade?

Gyada da kayan gari: masara, shinkafa, alkama, gurasar alkama.
Kayan kwai.
Kayayyakin madara: madara, kirim mai tsami.
Butter / Fats: canola, gyada, man shanu, man kayan lambu, margarine.
Kayan yaji / Lokacin girkin: cayenne barkono, curry, oregano, mustard, bay ganye.
Ganye / Tushen: faski, kwasfan wake, albasa, ginger, ruwan teku, letas, tsaba na sesame, dill.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari: lemun tsami, lemo, lemun tsami.
Kayan lambu: daikon, matasai, albasa, karas, dankali.
Cereals: shinkafa, gero.
Sauƙa: soya, tumatir, kirim mai tsami.

Mutanen Asiya sun yaba da Kisa, musamman ma Koreans sun girmama su. Shahararsa a cikin kasuwannin gabas yana faruwa ne saboda ƙarancin ƙasusuwa da ƙananan masu girma waɗanda suke ba ka damar dafa kifin gaba ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci croaker an soyayyen mai zurfi ne ko kuma “heh” an shirya shi ne daga ɗanyen nama.

Bayyanar

Wasu nau'ikan croaker uku suna zaune a cikin Bahar Maliya, a yankin garin shakatawa na Anapa, galibi biyu ne kawai ake samu.
Light croaker ko Umbrina, bisa ga ilimin kimiyya - Umbrina cirrosa, mafi girma a cikin ruwanmu. A tsawon lokaci, kifin ya sami wata tsohuwar jikin, wacce aka matsa a kaikaice. Shugaban yana da girma tare da karko kamar na bakin ciki; bakin yana kusa da gangar jikinsa. Ba za a haɗa fin fin ƙwanƙwasawa tare da takamaiman tsari ba. Babban alamun mai walƙiya shine mai kamannin nama guda ɗaya a cikin ƙananan jaw da duhu gefuna da ke murfin gill.
Halin halin croaker na wannan nau'in launi ne mai haske tare da raunin farashi mai gudana a kusurwa zuwa wutsiya. Rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da gefuna duhu suna bayyane a sarari akan jikin mai ɓarna kuma suna aiki a matsayin kyakkyawan kyan gani. Bodyan jikin kansa yayi nauyi; insaƙƙarfan wuta yana fitowa a bayyane. Kasan caudal fin ba tare da daraja ba, kusan madaidaiciya. Babban croaker na Black Sea zai iya isa, ya kai tsawon mita kuma yayi nauyin kilo 30.

Na biyu iri-iri na ƙarancin kifin Anapa shine duhu croaker (Sciaena umbra). Thanarancin ɗan'uwansa a cikin bayyanar, duk da haka, cibiyar sadarwar ta sami yanayin kusan 60 cm kuma yana nauyin kilo 4. A bayan wannan wakilin ruwan teku yana da madaidaiciyar lanƙwasa zagaye, mai kama da hump, wanda rhinestone ya ƙare tare da babban kai tare da hanci mai zagaye. A jiki, zaka iya ganin madaidaiciyar layin ƙarshe wanda ya kai ga fin caudal. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine fin ɗin caudal, wanda ke da convex, nau'i mai zagaye. Ba a raba shi da gashin baki kuma tare da wutsiyar yana da ƙwaya mai launin rawaya.

Dangane da wurin zama, mai duhu yana da launuka daban-daban na jiki. A cikin Anapa, akwai kifayen tare da bangarorin azurfa da ciki mai sauƙi. Insaƙƙarfan laushi suna da duhu fiye da jiki.

Halaye

Akwai baƙar fata da baƙi a wasu wurare, kamar rairayin bakin dutse, ramin dutse, kogunan ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Sun fi son zurfafa daga mita 3 da sama. Na farko, mai walƙiya mara haske, ya fi ƙauna sanyi; lokacinn sa yana canjaras da bazara. Wani mai duhu mai duhu yana jiran dumamar ruwa har zuwa digiri 19-20 kuma lokacin bazara ya tashi. Spawning gida ne a cikin kifin gida; mace tana sanya ƙwai kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Sai larvae yada a farfajiya kuma jira lokacin maturation. Human ƙananan raƙumi a rana ta huɗu na rayuwarsu sun fara ci da kansu kuma suna da nauyi. Abubuwan da aka fi so a cikin babban kifin Anapa sune kifin kifi, ɓawon burodi, da tsutsotsi na teku. A cikin hunturu, kifin yana zuwa zurfin inda ruwan zafin jiki ya kasance kullun.

Iyali Croaker (Sciaenidae), ko Crockers

Sunan dangi Gorbylevye (Sciaenidae), ko Crockers, an saka shi ta wata ma'anar nau'ikan jinsin nasu ta hanyar masanan ilimin ilimin halittar halittar maza masu kwayar halitta. Kamar yadda ka sani, wanda ya kirkiro da ka'idar hadin baki na binomial (binary) nomenclature da kuma samar da ingantacciyar yarjeniyoyi tsakanin nau'ikan tsarin haraji (Karfin Lantarki) shine masanin kimiyyar halitta na Sweden Karl Linnaeus (Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778gg). A cikin 1758, Karl Linney shine farkon wanda ya bayyana dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da ke waje na dangin Gorbylevye, yana ba su suna da keɓaɓɓun sunan da ya dace da babban abin da ke bambanta su - ɓataccen aiki, zubarwa mai ƙarfi a baya. Amma sunan dangin Sciaenidae, Crokers, wanda ke yaduwa a Turai da Amurka, ya samu damar zama a 1860 ta masanin kimiyyar Dutch Peter Bleeker (Pieter Bleeker 1819-1878), wanda, bayan ƙarshen balaguronsa, ya ƙirƙira cikakken bayani game da sabon nau'in kifaye 511 da sabon 1925. iri, gami da iyalin Gorybyly. Abin lura ne cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana ƙara yin amfani da sunan kimiyya "Crockers" a cikin kasuwanci da masana'antar kamun kifi, ya zama kalma da aka saba amfani da ita. Kalmar Ingilishi 'Сroaker', wanda ya zama sunan duk gidan kifi, yana da ma'anoni da yawa, wanda ke tantance ɗayan "dabbar dabba" (kalmar aikatawa tana nufin ma'ana ko kuma kalma). An ba da wannan sunan ga dangin Gorbylev saboda iyawar su na yin sautikan halayyar tare da taimakon bera mai iyo tare da tsokoki da suka ci gaba, wanda ke taka rawa a matsayin resonator yayin tsaftar tsoka. A matsayinka na mai mulki, masu magana da croaker suna yin takamaiman sauti na tonality daban-daban da tsarin tsinkaye, mai kama da croaking, niƙa, nika ko ma ciwar kukan. Masu ba da fata suna yin waɗannan saututtukan lokacin da suke neman abinci daga sa'o'i 21 zuwa awa 2 na dare, da aka ji lokacin da aka kwantar da hankalinsu daga ruwan a nesa da nisan 15-30 daga mai kallo. Yawancin lokaci a China, wanda ke da yanki mai kamun kifin masanan masana'antu (Pseudosciaena crocea) a cikin Tekun Rawaya, ana samun babban kifin tare da taimakon ƙwararrun sonar na musamman waɗanda aka sanya su a baya don dorewa.

Iyalin Gorybylovye sun haɗu da kifi tare da tsoka mai ɗaurin aƙasa, dorsal fin ya raba shi ta hanyar yanki mai zurfi cikin ƙoshin laushi da sassanta mai laushi da 1-2 spines a cikin fin fin. Wasu nau'in (U. cirrosa) a ƙarshen ƙananan muƙamai suna da ƙarami, gajeriyar magana, abin da ake kira cirro (gashin baki a Latin). Hakoran waɗannan kifayen galibi ƙananan ne, masu kama da siket, a cikin wasu nau'ikan a cikin ɓangaren fuskokin jaws mai ƙarfi, mai fasalin canine. A ƙarshen snout, wani lokacin pores masu haɓakawa suna kan gyada.

Iyalin Barbies (Sciaenidae)

Iyalin suna da nau'ikan 56 da kuma nau'ikan kifin teku 250, wanda galibi suna zaune kusa da kewayen wurare kuma suna shiga cikinsu don nemo abinci a ƙarƙashin tafki. Guda uku ne kawai (Aplodinonotus, Pachyurus, Pachyrops) sune ruwa mai tsabta da jinsuna biyu (Plagioscion da Johnius) suna rayuwa na musamman a cikin sassan estuarine na kogunan da keɓaɓɓun wurare. A cikin duka, akwai nau'ikan ruwa na ruwa guda 16 tsakanin masu ɓarna, wanda ɗayansu ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka, kuma 13 suna rayuwa a cikin tafkunan ruwa a Kudancin Amurka kuma jinsuna biyu suna zaune a tsibiran Indonesia da Malacca Peninsula. Abubuwa biyu na janareto (Pareques da Pachypops) suna zaune ne a yankin da ruwan murjani a cikin Tekun Indiya.

Dukkan nau'in croaker suna zaune a cikin tekun tsibirin na tekuna masu zafi da ruwa mai zurfi na kwasan tekun Atlantika, Pacific da tekun Indiya, kuma ana iya samun nau'ikan iyali 11 a yankuna masu yanayin sanyi. A halin yanzu, wasu nau'in dangin Gorbylevye sun shiga cikin Suez Canal daga Bahar Rum zuwa Bahar Maliya, kuma suna samar da ƙaramin kwanciyar hankali a wurin. Anarshen yanayin daga Atrobuk (Atrobucca geniae) yana zaune a Eilat Bay na Red Sea.Babu croaker a cikin Tekun Pasifik kusa da Seychelles, a Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia da kuma a cikin Atlantic kusa da Azores. Ainihin, waɗannan sune kifaye masu iyo (ruwan Black Sea 3 nau'in croaker ba su da girma gungu), yawancinsu suna da girma kuma ana kama su da yawa tare da taimakon tarkuna masu zurfi, tarkuna na ƙasa da raga.

Duk kifayen croaker suna jagorantar rayuwa mai cike da talauci, suna zaune a tekun tuddai na bakin teku, suna zama benthophages na yau da kullun, a yawancin lokuta magabatattun pelagic. Wasu, (samar da Otolithes, Cynoscion), dangane da lokacin shekara da shekaru, na iya haifar da yanayin rayuwa da ke ƙasa. Gorbylovye kusan ba a taɓa samun su ba a wajen shiryayye na ƙasa, suna da yawa musamman a kusa da manyan wuraren manyan koguna: Amazon, Orinoco, Parana, Mississippi, Kongo, Indus, Ganga da sauransu, inda ake riƙe su da yawa a zurfin zurfin (ƙasa da 100 m) a cikin laka, wani lokacin ruwa wanda aka yanke tsammani, neman abinci mai yawa a can ta hanyar tsutsotsi da mollusks. Yawancin kifayen dangin kifi na Crocker suna rayuwa ne da kuma tsaransu cikin zurfin zurfin, daga nisan mita 5 zuwa 80, kuma kadan daga cikinsu ne ke samar da adadin jama'a mai yawan gaske a zurfin har zuwa mita 350.

Dangane da nau'in abinci, a cikin nau'ikan iri iri, kamar yadda ake samun masu farauta da kifin zaman lafiya, ana samun benthos na musamman a cikin nau'ikan mollusks, crustaceans da tsutsotsi. Wasu kifayen croaker sun gauraya abinci - a waɗannan lokuta idan akwai ƙananan kifaye a yankin da suke zaune (matattarar, atherin, sardines, da dai sauransu), sun ƙaddara, amma idan babu kifin da zai iya zama abinci, sai su canza zuwa nau'in abinci na birni.

Kasuwancin hankula sune nau'in mallakar halittar Pseudotolithus(Captain's croaker). Dukkan wakilan wannan Halittar suna da jikin da ya ke kama mai kama da sikila. Teetharfin haƙoran fang mai kaifi suna kan jaws. Bakin yayi karshe, babba. Launi yawanci azhar ne, wani lokacin zinare. A baya duhu, ciki fari. Wasu nau'ikan suna da layuka masu duhu na ɗigo mai duhu a garesu, galibi suna haɗa cikin layin wuta. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan dabi'ar sun zama ruwan dare a cikin tsaunukan gabashin tekun Atlantika, Indiya da Pacific.

Senegal, crosava

Mafi girman ra'ayi shine babban kyaftin croaker (Pseudotolithus typus) yana zaune a bakin gabar yammacin Afirka. Ya kai tsawon 1 m da nauyin 15 kg. Hakanan akwai ƙananan "shugabannin" - - karamin kyaftin croaker (P. brachygnathus) da Kasar Caserva Cassawa (P. senegalensis), tsawon wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 40 cm ba, amma wani lokacin har zuwa 80-90 cm.

A cikin Tekun Indiya da Kudancin China, bazuwar fanke croaker (Otolithes ruber), fasalin fasalin fasalin wanda ya kasance nau'ikan ƙyalle guda biyu ne kawai a saman muƙamuƙi, nesa da juna. Wannan nau'in ya kai tsawon 90 cm da nauyin 7 kg. Mafi girma a cikin Tekun Indiya, tare da ƙimar kamun kifi irin otolites (Otolithes) - azurfa croaker (Otolithes argenteus). Masu magana da bakin teku suna rayuwa musamman a gabar yammacin yammacin Indiya; ana samun su da yawa kadan daga gabashin gabashin Afirka, tsibirin Philippine da kuma bakin tekun Australia. Sauran wakilan wannan dabi'ar suna da darajar darajar kasuwanci kadan, duk da haka, saboda girman abincinsu, ana yaba su a kasuwannin kifin na duk ƙasashe.

A ilimin halittar jiki yana da alaƙa da halittar Otolithes, ɗabi'ar da ke zaune a yammacin Tekun Atlantika american sloppy croaker (Cynoscion). Wasu masu binciken har ma sun yarda cewa wadannan janarorin iri daya ne. Kashe gabashin gabashin Amurka daga Nova Scotia zuwa ga Tekun Mexico launin toka (Cynoscion regalis), muhimmiyar kamun kifi a Yammacin Atlantika. Waɗannan su ne manyan kifayen, har zuwa 90 cm tsayi kuma suna yin nauyi har zuwa 9 kilogiram. A gefen tekun Kudancin Amurka, daga Venezuela zuwa Argentina, akwai wasu nau'in kasuwanci mai girma - karkataccen croaker ko peskadiliya (Cynoscion striatus), wanda shine mafi mahimmanci a cikin kamun kifin na Uruguay da Argentina a cikin Tekun La Plata. Hakanan ana samun Cynoscion a cikin Tekun Pacific. Don haka, a bakin tekun California, babban farin croaker (Cynoscion nobilis).

A cikin Tekun Indiya, tayin da ke kusa da matattarar mahaukaci ke rayuwa Otolithoidids (Otolithoides). Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikanta shine mai croker tagulla (Otolithoides biauritus) shine mafi girman nau'in dangin croaker. Tsawonsa yawanci ya wuce 2 m, kuma nauyinsa 80 kg. Ya yi kama da “shugabanni” a jikin mutum, amma, ba kamar su ba, ba shi da haƙoran fang-fang mai haƙoƙen haƙora a haƙarƙarinsa. Wani nau'in - kotkh (O. brunneus) shine tushen asalin kamun kifin tekun Indiya, muhimmin abu don fitarwa, kuma mafi kwanan nan, abu mai mahimmancin kifin ruwa.

A cikin ruwa na Rasha, watau a cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya, wakilan halittar Hali yanzu suna zama Yanayi (Sciaena) kwayoyin halittu Katakoran azurfa (Argyrosomus) da halittar Umbrina (Umbrina). Dangane da sabon binciken dabarun bincike da nazarin kifin kasuwanci a cikin iyakar Ukraine, Rasha da Abkhazia, dukkanin abubuwa uku na dangin Gorbylevy suna haifar da ƙananan tarawa a cikin sashin shiryayye na duniya, waɗanda suke da wahalar kamawa tare da taimakon tarkuna masu zurfin yawa. Bayanai game da tarawar dillalai a yankuna daban daban na Tekun Bahar ba su da yawa, adadi, da shekaru, wanda a ƙarshe yakan kai ga gaskiyar cewa basu da ɗanɗama don kamun kifi. Hakanan, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, saboda yawan abubuwan da basu dace da aikin samar da ruwa ba da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, tare da mamayar sha, a cikin Tekun Bahar, yawan masu duhu (Sciaena umbra) sun fara raguwa sosai. Sauran mutane biyu na dangin Gorbylevy, wadanda suka hada da Euro azurfa (A. regius) da umber (U. сirrosa), sannu a hankali sunyi ƙaura daga ƙasashen Turkiya, Adzharia da Abkhazia zuwa gabar tekun Rasha, suna faɗaɗa wuraren zama. Hakanan, dangane da Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory, duhu croaker (S.umbra) da umbra ko haske croaker (U. cirrosa) an haramta kamun kifi kuma suna da ƙayyadaddun yanayi a lokacin shakatawa da wasanni. A watan Afrilun 2010, jagorancin AzNIIRKh. Hukumar Kula da Kifi ta Azov-Black Sea Territorial Administration, ta gabatar da shawarar inganta sakin layi na 20.1, 32.1, 37.1, da 44.1, umarnin Hukumar Tarayyar Masunta a watan Satumba 8, 2008 A'a. 149 "A Yarda da Dokar Kifi don Garkuwan Tekun Azov-Black Tekun Fashawa" da kuma cire matattara da kuma kamun kifi daga bankin croaker, don gudanar da gasa don 'yan wasan submarine. Haske croaker (U. cirrosa), a kan wannan tsari iri ɗaya, ya kasance an haramta shi don kamun kifi, kamun kifi, gami da yin waka da ƙamshi.

Mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Bahar Maliya, a kan shimfidawa daga Anapa har zuwa Adler, wanda shine mafi tsaurin gurbata yanayi (filastik filastik) shine yawan jama'a ko ɗumbin haske (U. cirrosa), wanda ke jagorantar hanyar rayuwa ta al'ada cikin ruwa mara zurfi, nesa ba kusa da bakin kogunan tuddai ba. Ruwa na kwarara daga kogunan tuddai, suna kawo abinci mai yawa da ɗimbin ɗumbin ɗumbin halittu, waɗanda suke bazu akan ginin shiryayye na duniya, suna zama kyakkyawan yanayin haɓakar epibenthos (abubuwan da ke rayuwa a gindin ƙasa) da kuma endobenthos (kwayoyin da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa). Umbrina, a gaskiya ma, kyakkyawan kifin teku ne, mara ƙarancin kifi, wanda, saboda yawan abinci a kan bankunan dunƙulen da silty, da sauri ya sami nauyi, da bambanci da mai sihiri na azurfa (A. regius), maƙarƙashiya ce da kuma mazaunin ruwa mai pelagic da duhu croaker (S. Umra), neman abinci a cikin wani tsayayyen kayan, a tsakanin matattarar cystozira. Da umarnin No. 31 na Kwamitin Kula da Masunta na 01.29.03 "A kan tsarin kamun kifi a cikin Azov-Black Sea Basin", dangin Gorbylev da ke zaune a Tekun Bahar ba su kamun kamun kifi, kuma waɗancan ƙananan samfuran an girbe ta hanyar gurɓataccen tarko kamar yadda ake samu yayin haɗuwa da haɗuwa kuma flounder-kalkan, galibi ba a rubuta su a cikin logbook. Dangane da sake dubawar ma'aikata daga KP Bukhta LLC (kauyen Vesyoloye, Nizhne-Imeretinskaya bay), sun tsunduma cikin kamun kifin na shekara-shekara don matattarar jijiyoyi, daskararrun abubuwa, kayan masarufi da sauran su a cikin ruwan tekun Rasha na Tekun Bahar, yawan mutanen da ke cikin duhu ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru 5-6 da suka gabata, haske da azurfa sun fado cikin tarko, ta hanyar-kama, a lokacin faɗuwar Putin. Hakanan, matsakaicin nauyin mai croaker ya ragu daga kilogram 1.5-3 zuwa 0.300-1.5 kg, wanda ke nuna tsananin lalata ƙazamar dangin Gorbylev a cikin yankin kamun kifi mai ƙarfi.

Kwakwalwar kifin teku

HBlack croaker yana zaune a gabashin yankin Tekun Atlantika (daga Cape Verde zuwa Bayu Biscay), a cikin Tekun Baƙi da Bahar Rum. Wannan kifin yana da girma har zuwa 70 cm, ya sami sunan shi don launin launinsa na baya. A baya na croaker duhu ne, a matsayin mai mulkin, duhu mai haske tare da jan karfe-jan ko launin shuɗi, tanki ya fi sauƙi kuma yana da launin zinare. Sashi mai taushi na finfin dorsal da fin ɗin caudal suna da iyaka baki.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan nau'in ya yaɗu cikin yanayi, maƙancin duhu bashi da ko ina babban adadin jama'a. Dukansu nauyin haske da duhu na kifayen croaker sun zama ruwan dare a Tekun Azov da Black Sea. A cikin bayyanar su, haske da duhu croaker kusan basa bambanta. Saboda wannan dalili, zai zama da wahala abu mai son rarrabe bambancin jinsi daga wani. Baya ga haske da duhu mai duhu, akwai wasu nau'in kifayen waɗanda suke da mahimmancin kasuwanci.

Black croaker yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kifayen da suke rayuwa a cikin Tekun Bahar, wataƙila masu baƙi suna samun sunayensu daga baya, wanda yayi kama da crook. Mai zurfin baƙo mai zurfi galibi yana da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da launin zinari mai ƙaran haske, duka a kan caudal fin da kuma saman dorsal fin akan croaker wani duhu mai duhu, yana lullube da launuka daban-daban lokacin da haske ya shiga jikin sa yana da sauƙin kiran wannan nau'in kifayen Baƙin Baki mafi kyau da baƙon halittu.

A cikin zurfin Bahar Maliya, daga mita 10 zuwa 40, akwai samfurori na croaker fiye da mita a tsayi, yawanci suna zaune da ƙananan makarantu (iyalai), croaker yana ɓoye cikin lamuran duwatsun da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa, jiragen ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa da sauran abubuwa masu ban sha'awa ga croaker waɗanda ke ba shi gida da mafaka. Dukansu baƙar fata da fari croaker suna ciyar da shrimp da sauran ɓawon burodi, ƙananan kifi da wasu nau'ikan ruwan teku.

An baiyana cikin blackan inan blackanyen a cikin Red Book a matsayin ƙaramin nau'in, sabili da haka, ba a yin amfani da kamun kifi musamman a cikin kamun kifi na masana'antu ta hanyar hadin gwiwar kamun kifi, amma har yanzu ana kama croaker duka a cikin raga da kuma masunta waɗanda ke son juya croaker da maraice da dare, kai tsaye a kan kifin , duka biyu a kan Bahar Maliya da kuma ƙarancin wucin gadi - karamin nau'in wobbler. Kuma haka mafarautan cikin ruwa suna son farautarsa. Sacewa ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin mafarautan ruwa na karkashin ruwa.

Haske mai walƙiyar wani nau'in halitta mafi wuya, kifayen dangin mai croaker a cikin Tekun Bahar fata - yana da fitowar fitilu da kuma sauƙin canza ƙusoshin sama da wutsiya (akan haske - farin croaker, irin waɗannan ƙyalƙyali masu ƙyalƙyali da ƙarancin wutsiya ba a bayyane) kuma yana rayuwa cikin yanayi daban-daban - a kan m yashi na kasa, duka a cikin Black Sea da kuma a Tekun Azov.

Wani keɓaɓɓiyar eriya mai gauraya da tazara wacce take a kan sanan ta bambanta ta da sauran ma'abuta crokers. Maƙiyan wannan nau'in mallakar bottoman asalin teku ne kuma ya fi fifikon yashi. Yana jin dadi sosai a kan turɓaya, ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwallan dutsen ƙasa.

Wasu tsofaffin samfurori na farin croaker sun kai tsawon mita ɗaya da rabi da kuma nauyin kilo 30, wanda ke mai da waɗannan nau'in kifayen abincin ba kawai masunta masala ba ne, har ma da masu harbi jirgin ruwa na teku. Black croaker kifi ne na yau da kullun a cikin ruwa mai kewaye da wurin shakatawa na Anapa, yana hutawa a cikin kyawawan wurare kamar Big Utrish - duk wanda ke zube da daddare zai iya ƙoƙarin kama wannan dabbar.

Mai croaker kifi ne wanda yake da ikon ban mamaki don iya fitar da siginar sauti mai sauti sosai tare da taimakon mafitsara iyo. Matsayin su na halitta shine jawo hankalin mutane na wani jinsi daban, don fitar da ƙararrawa, kira don taimako, da ƙari. Mai croaker kifi ne mallakar dangi iri guda. Wannan nau'in yana da yadu sosai kuma ya yadu ko'ina cikin duniya. Biyu daga cikin nau'ikan halittu ne kawai suke zaune a cikin ruwan ƙasarmu: duhu da haske. Masunta suna da daban-daban suna na wannan halittar marine: grumbler, drummer, umber, meager, melakopia, corvina ...

Mafi mashahuri a cikin wannan babban iyali shine mai duhu. Tana zaune a cikin Tekun Baƙi da Bahar Rum, da kuma a gabashin Tekun Atlantika. Girman kifin ya kai santimita 70, kuma matsakaicin nauyi kusan kilo 4. Sunan nau'in ya fito daga launi mai duhu na baya, wanda ya bambanta daga launin shuɗi mai duhu zuwa launin shuɗi ko ma jan karfe. Gefen croaker ya haskaka tare da turaren zinare.

Irin wannan nau'in kifin yana wakilta sosai a cikin yanayi, amma ba a rarraba yawan jama'a ba, akwai wuraren da adadin kifayen ke iyaka. Mai croaker ya rike kusa da bakin tekun, ya gwammace jetties, yashi da ƙasa harsashi. Daɗaɗaɗɗen duhu mai wahalar wahalar kamawa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama abin ƙima ga masunta ruwa. Kifin yana ɓoye cikin dutsen, don haka yana da wahala a gano shi, yana da juriya mai ban mamaki, an ragargaza shi cikin kogon dutse, manyan gadaje, a ƙarƙashin duwatsu.

Smallan ƙaramin rawaya yana zaune a cikin Tekun Rawaya. Yana da mafi girman wadatar da darajar kasuwanci. Wannan nau'in croaker yana da ɗan ƙarami, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 35, kuma nauyin jikin mutum ya kai kilogram 1. Ana aiwatar da kamun kifi ta amfani da saitunan raga da shara.

A cikin Tekun Indiya da Tekun Kudancin China, wani nau'in kuma yana rayuwa - jan croaker. Tsawonsa ya kai santimita 90, kuma sanyin yayi nauyi daga kilo 6 zuwa 7. Babban fasalin shi shine kasancewar a saman muƙamuƙin croaker guda biyu na kayan canines waɗanda suke nesa da juna.

A cikin yankin gabar teku na Spain, Fotigal da Maroko, ana lura da hada-hadar kasuwanci na gaggafa. Tsawon matsakaicinta ya bambanta tsakanin mita 1-1.5 (kodayake akwai wasu maganganu waɗanda suka kama mutum tsawon mita 2). Wani mawuyacin tsintsiya mara lafiya yana zaune a bakin tekun Kudancin Amurka. A Uruguay da La Plata Bay, ana kama shi akan sikelin kasuwanci.

Bambanci, a wata ma'ana, shine tsararren kamara na azurfa. Ana samo shi a cikin zurfin zurfin (kimanin mita 300), wanda ke bambanta shi da sauran membobin danginsa. Yawancin kifayen wannan kifayen ana lura da su a kusa da gabar tekun Indiya ta Yamma, a cikin adadi kaɗan wannan nau'in croaker yana tartsatsi a gefen tsibirin Philippine, gefen tekun Australia da kuma gefen gabashin Afirka. An fi jin daɗin naman ɗanyen zinare a kasuwar kifi na duniya saboda babban dandano da yake da shi.

Kifin mai ɗumi yana da zafi, idan sanyi ya zo, zai tafi zurfin daga bakin tekun. Wani abin al'ajabi shine ikon iya fitar da siginar sauti mai karfi ta amfani da mafitsara iyo. Ainihin rawar wadannan kararraki ita ce jan hankalin mutane wani jinsi daban ko kuma samar da alamomi.Kuna iya jin waɗannan sautuna ba tare da na'urori na musamman ba, kawai ta hanyar cire kanka a ruwa.

Kayan abinci na kasashe da yawa, musamman na Bahar Rum, suna ba da kayan dafaffen abincin akan kayayyakinsu. A can ne ake dafa shi a cikin tanda ko tukunya. A cikin ƙasarmu, gourmets yana ba da umarnin stew tare da kayan lambu ko kunne mai bushe. Peruvians suna ba da ceviche daga gare ta - ana dafa kifi tare da lemons, lemon barkono da albasarta ja. A cikin abincin Koriya, farantin da ake kira “heh” yana ɗaukar madaidaicinsa - wannan tasa ce ta dafa kifin da aka sare, gami da croaker. Dangane da dandano da yawa na nama, croaker na iya zama alamace ta mafi yawan dorada a tekun Rum. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a dafa shi a cikin irin wannan kuma dafa shi ko dafa baƙar fata a cikin farin miya mai laushi.

Naman wannan kifayen marine yana da wadataccen abinci mai karko da sunadarai. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa na micro da Macro, potassium (yana da alaƙa da tsari na aiwatar da abubuwan lantarki a cikin tsokoki daban-daban da ƙirar zuciya), phosphorus (alhakin aminci da ƙarfin ƙwayar tsoka), jan ƙarfe (yana taimakawa wajen kula da tsarin jini a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin

yana taimakawa haɓaka metabolism). Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, slab ya ƙunshi alli, magnesium, sodium da selenium.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa damar da kifin ke iya haifar da sauti mai ƙarfi ta hanyar ƙarar ruwan igiya ita ce gaye idan aka yi la'akari da babban fasalin kifi don mai croaker. Wadannan sakonni ana iya kiransu da wani nau'in harshe wanda kifin mai croaker ke sadarwa da juna. Kifi mai croaker yana da babban ɗimbin abinci da kayan abinci mai gina jiki. A duk ƙasashe inda ake girbe kifi, ana ɗaukar abincin kabeer karɓa ne mai ɗanɗano. Gasa kifi mai gasa ne, an dafa shi, har ma da soyayyen, an bushe har ma da gishiri. A cikin latularmu, yawancin lokuta zaka iya ganin mai kifi a cikin mai sanyi.

Kiwo

A cikin Ruwan Tekun Bahar Maliya, croaker ya fara tsinkewa a lokacin bazara. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan lokacin yana farawa a tsakiyar Yuni kuma an sauke shi a ƙarshen watan Agusta. A wannan halin, ya kamata a dumama ruwan sama da digiri 19 aim. Yawancin lokaci ana zaɓan bangarorin bakin teku na teku don spain. Yawan haihuwar mace ya dogara da girmanta. Talakawan mutane sun zana ƙwai sama da dubu shida. Koyaya, irin waɗannan mutane sun riske waɗanda suke da ikon shayar da ƙwai sama da dubu 513. M, ana amfani da tsalle cikin dare.

Gorbylya caviar yana da haske sosai kuma yana iyo, wanda ke taimakawa duk lokacin bazara don iyo kwai a bakin tekun tare da saman ruwa. Lobster larvae ci gaba sosai da sauri bayan ƙyanƙyashe. Tuni a rana ta 4 suka fara cin abincin waje. Matashi mai bushe ya fi son a shirya cikin garken, inda ake iyo a bakin tekun. Har ila yau, Larvae zai iya shiga cikin kewayen tsibiri da kuma bays. Wannan kifin yana da sunaye masu ban sha'awa da yawa. Hakanan ana kiranta drummer, meager, melakopia, grumble da corvina. Kifi yana da nama mai daɗi da taushi, saboda abin da ya mamaye shi nesa da wurin ƙarshe a cikin kamun kifi.

Halin hali

Mafi mashahuri nau'in shine croaker mai duhu, wanda ke zaune a cikin Tekun Baƙi da Bahar Rum. Matsakaicin girman mutum shine 70-80 cm, nauyi ya wuce kilogiram 4 kawai. A cikin hoto na croaker, zaku iya ganin fin fin kaifi, wanda aka rarrabe tare da babba kuma ya yi kama da crest - babban fasali wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙayyade nau'in.

An rarrabe croaker ɗin haske ta doguwar eriya, wacce ke akan ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Hakanan girma a girman, kallon ya kai mita 1 a tsayi, nauyi - daga 30 zuwa 40 kg.

Tsarin jikin mutum ɗaya ne - elongated, dan kadan an matsa, idan kun kalli gefen. A kai yayi kama da baki na babban tsuntsu, bakin yana iske a kwance zuwa ciki. Wutsiya tana madaidaiciya, ba ta da daraja.

Rushewar mai croaker ya dogara da launinta na yau da kullun.

Haske mai walƙiya yana da rawaya mai gudana a cikin raƙuman ruwa, don haka a rana sikelin kifayen za su yi haske su yi haske. A cikin duhu, caudal fin yana da siffar convex dan kadan, kifin yana da matsakaiciya a girmansa, kuma crest mai kaifi shima yana nan a baya, amma baya rabuwa da babba. Launin saman yana da rawaya.

Inda yake zama

Crowararrun Blackwararruwa a cikin Tekun Baƙi ne gama gari. Kwararrun masunta suna magana game da gabar Anapa, inda ake samun nau'in duhu a mafi yawan lokuta. Koyaya, saboda yanayin yanayi, kifayen suna da bangarorin azurfa. Insaunansu suna da rawaya mai haske.

Kifi ya fi son wuri guda - tudun dutse. Yana zaune a cikin zurfin akalla mita 3, sau da yawa yana ɓoye cikin ƙananan kogo. Kifi yawanci suna zaune a cikin ƙananan makarantu, suna ciyar da crustaceans da tsutsotsi na teku.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ana iya samun croaker a kowane birni na Turai. A Ingila, sunan Crocker ya samo asali, wanda ke fassara zuwa kururuwa ko kururuwa. Af, sautin yana fitowa ta amfani da mafitsara iyo.

Bayanan Gaske

Lokacin tafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashe, yawon bude ido da yawa suna lura da kasuwannin kifi da kuma a gidajen cin abinci mai kama da Anapa croaker. Ana samun nau'ikan kifayen da ke nesa da Bahar Maliya, an kama wannan kifin a cikin biranen bakin teku da yawa a duniya. Crocker, wannan sunan ya samo asali a cikin sauran jihohi. A cikin babban croaker croaker, tsokoki na iska kumfa suna haɓaka da kyau. Saboda kayan sa, croaker na iya yin sautuna masu kama da sautikan quacking, sai dai itace: “croc-croc”. Don damar magana ta musamman, kifin ya karɓi lakabi "Crocker". Hakanan kalmar Turanci croak - zaka iya fassara wheezing, croaking ko croaking.

Inda zan gani a Anapa

Croaker a Anapa ba kifi bane mai yawan kasuwanci. Wani lokacin mahaukatan karkara suna zuwa ga hanyar kamun kifin sannan sai a sayi kifayen da yawa a kasuwannin Anapa. An san Gorbylya nama a matsayin ɗayan kayan cin abinci na gida. Mafarautan teku suna ɗaukar croaker wata ganima mai dacewa. Saboda haka, shahararren kifin za a iya gani a kan dafaffun masu sha'awar kamun kifi Anapa.

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