Mikiya na zinari yana daga cikin halittar gaggafa. Ana kuma kiranta "Golden Eagle" saboda inuwa mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a kai da wuya. Wannan nau'in yana zaune ne kawai a Arewacin Hemisphere. A cikin lardin kudu ba shi bane. Yankunan kudu waɗanda zaku iya haɗuwa da mikiya na zinariya sune Habasha a Afirka. Mahalli sarari yake. Ya ƙunshi yankunan yammacin Amurka da Kanada, Iberian Peninsula, Kudancin Yammacin Turai, Scandinavia da kusan dukkanin Gabashin Turai ban da Ukraine da Arewacin Caucasus. A cikin wadannan yankuna, tsuntsu mai cin ganima yana bayyana ta hanyar lalacewa, yana ƙaura ko kudu ko arewa.

Wutar gaggafa kuma tana zaune a Asiya orarama, Kazakhstan, Tibet, da kuma kudancin Siberiya. Ana samun wannan a cikin tsaunukan kasar Sin, haka kuma a Japan, Korea da Kamchatka. Akwai tsuntsu a Arewacin Afirka da kuma Larabawa. Wato, mazaunin yalwatacce ne kuma yanayin yanayin yanayi ne. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin shekaru 200 da suka gabata wannan nau'in ya ɓace daga wurare da yawa wanda ya kasance yana rayuwa tun ƙarni da yawa. Dalilin shine warwatsa taro, da kuma yaduwar ƙasar noma, da kuma yin amfani da magunguna daban-daban don sarrafa kwari na wuraren da ake nomawa.

Gabaɗaya, jinsunan basu da haɗarin lalata, tunda akwai manyan Amurka da Asiya. Amma a wasu ƙasashe, an jera tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Layi. Musamman, mikiya ta zinari a Rasha ana kiyaye ta ta doka, tunda lambarta a wannan ƙasa tayi ƙasa sosai.

Bayyanar

Ta wurin girman sa, mikiya ko mikiya tayi girma sosai. Tsawon jikin mutum ya tashi daga 70 zuwa 100 cm.Wakilin fikafikann yana daga 1.8 m zuwa 2.35 m. Nauyi shine kilogiram 4-6.5. Mace sun fi maza yawa kuma suna nauyin kilogram 1.5 akan matsakaici. Girman tsuntsaye mafi girma shine magana. Wannan yana nufin, masana ba zasu iya zuwa ra'ayin da bai dace ba. An yi imani da cewa matsakaicin nauyin mata shine kilogiram 6.8, kuma fikafikan guda ɗaya ya kai mita 2.8. An faɗi cewa ga tsuntsayen katako waɗanda aka lalata waɗanda ke da nauyin kilogram 12. Amma wannan adadi na cikin shakka.

Theaukar mace da mace ba ta bambanta da launi. Duhu ne mai duhu kuma yana da haske da tabarau mai duhu. Nan da nan bayan zartar da dutse, haske mai launin shuɗi mai haske ya bayyana a cikin gashin fuka-fukan, wanda a bayyane yake a ranar da rana take. A hankali ya fad'i sannan ya bushe. A kan fikafikan fuka-fukai da fikarorin launin toka sun zo wucewa. A kafadar wasu tsuntsaye, filayen fari fari kuma yayi kama da madaukai kafada. Idanun mikiya sun yi fari, beak ya yi duhu, kafafu sun yi launin shuɗi.

Tsuntsayen matasa suna da fararen fuka-fukai a cikin gashinsu. Mafi yawan lokuta ba su da kauri, amma launuka masu duhu. Yawancin gashin fuka-fukai a cikin wutsiya. Haka kuma, suna maye gurbinsu da baƙar fata. Wani baƙar fata yana tafiya tare da gefen wutsiya. Wasu lokuta gashin fuka-fuki na sama ma farare ne. Tare da shekaru, da launi na plumage a cikin kananan tsuntsaye duhu. Suna samun kayan da suka dace tun yana dan shekara 5.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Mace da namiji suna zama biyu don rayuwa. Har ila yau, suna ƙaunar yankin musamman wanda suke gina birni. Wannan shine, za'a iya samun dayawa. Yawanci 2 ko 3, wasu lokuta ƙari. Ma'aurata suna kula da kuran a cikin tsawon shekara. Kullum sabunta su yana daidaitawa. Nests suna cikin rawanin bishiyoyi ko kan kankara. A cikin magana ta biyu, alkuki ya kamata ya rufe gida daga bisa, yana kiyaye zuriya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Gida an gina shi da rassan reshe da kuma rassan farin ciki. A diamita kuma a tsayi, zai iya kai mita 2. A ciki, an yi raga raga tare da ciyawa da gansakuka. Mikiya na zinari koyaushe yana kiyaye gidansa a cikin tsabta ta yau da kullun kuma yana canza zuriyar dabbobi.

Yana nests a lokuta daban-daban na shekara, dangane da mazauninsu. A yankuna masu ɗumi wannan yakan faru ne a cikin hunturu, kuma cikin sanyi a lokacin rani. Mace yawanci tana sanya ƙwai 2, amma wani lokacin 1 da 4. coloran launi ƙwai sun cika fari fari tare da launin ruwan hoda ko shuɗi. Qwai suna da girma. A cikin tsayi sun kai 70-90 mm, kuma a fadin 50-65 mm. Haɓakawa na ci gaba tsawon kwanaki 40-45. Namiji da mace a madadinsu, amma wakilin marassa karfi yakan sanya karin lokaci akan qwai.

Adadin ofanjin da aka haife shi ya yi yawa. Ya mutu kimanin kashi 70% na jarirai. Waɗannan sune waɗannan kajin da ke kyankyashe bayan na farkon. Suna da rauni, kuma brotheran uwan ​​ya nuna musu son abincin kuma ya zaɓi abincin da iyayensu suka kawo. A lokaci guda, namiji da ta mace suna kallon kuturta gaba ɗaya cikin rashin kulawa. Jariri an rufe shi da farin datti, amma a kan lokaci sai ya kara haske kuma ya zama farin farinsa.

Yaran suna zama a cikin gida na kimanin watanni 2. Da farko, mahaifin ya kawo abincin, mahaifiyar kuma ta zauna kusa da dabbar, tana sanyaya jikinta. Lokacin da kajin suka girma, dukkan iyayen sun riga sun farauta. Matasa masu tasowa suna tsaye a kan reshe yana da shekaru biyu da rabi. Balagagge a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen yana faruwa yana da shekaru 4. A cikin daji, gaggafa na zinari suna rayuwa shekaru 25. A cikin gidan dabbobi wannan jinsin yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 40 har ma da shekaru 50.

Halayya da Abinci

Umuka na zinari shine ɗayan mafiya ƙarfi tsakanin tsuntsaye. Heredan wasa da dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin abincinsa. A cikin duka akwai kusan nau'ikan 200. Waɗannan su ne hares, zomaye, squirrels, ƙasa, foxes. Daga cikin unguwa akwai ƙwaryar matasa, tururuwa, awaki da raguna. Akwai wani yanayi da aka sani lokacin da mikiya na zinare har ma da jan ɗan kwalin bera tare da shi. Tsuntsu yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana iya ɗaukar abin da yayi daidai da daidai nauyinsa ta iska. Wato, mafarautan yana ɗaukar kilogiram 4-5 na mafi ƙarancin nama a cikin abin da ya fi dacewa. Tsuntsu yana ɗaukar ganima da nauyi a cikin sassan. Ku ci bare, amma fi son har yanzu kama dabbobi masu rai.

Hangen nesa a cikin tsuntsaye suna da kaifi sosai. Ta dago sama sama, tana ganin duk wasu ƙananan halittu a doron ƙasa. Amma wannan ya shafi awowi kawai. A cikin duhu, idanun maharbi sun rasa kaifi. A wuyan motsi yana jujjuya kai kusan digiri 300. Tsuntsu zai iya bambanta launuka. Bayan lura da wanda aka azabtar, ya faɗi akan sa tare da babban gudu, wanda zai iya kaiwa 300 km / h. Tana fitar da wata irin kara mai zafi a hankali wanda yake kama kare da kare. Golden Eagles suna bin wasu yankuna. Zasu isa wani yanki mai murabba'in murabba'in 150. km Wannan adadi ba ya ƙaura kuma yana zama wuri guda a duk shekara. Wasu wakilan jinsin ne kawai, wadanda suka zabi latitude na sanyi na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, suna motsawa kudu a cikin hunturu.

Abokan gaba

Abokan gaba a cikin mikiya na gwal a cikin daji kaɗan. Ana iya gabatar da Wolverine ko bera mai launin ruwan fata don tashin zuciya. A cikin tsuntsayen, babu wanda ya isa ya tunkari mai karfin zaran dan uwansa. Amma mutane, akasin haka, suna ƙoƙarin halaka shi. Abinda ya faru shine cewa mikiya ta cinye dabbobi da kaji. Haka kuma, yara kanana da kajin suna hari. Saboda haka, mutum ya kasance yana harbi wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin ƙarni da yawa.

A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, kasashe da yawa sun gabatar da ka'idoji masu tsauri game da harbi gaggafa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kwantar da adadin tsuntsayen ganima. A wuraren dabbobi, mikiya na zinari yana dacewa da kyau, amma zuriya basu da wuya. A cikin wasu mutane, mikiyar gwal tsuntsu ne mai tsarki, kuma ana amfani da fukafukansa a wuraren gudanar da ibada.

Saurari muryar gaggafa

Lokacin da faduwa, mikiya tayi gurnani da babbar murya wacce tayi kama da kare kare.

Umuka masu launin zina suna zaune a wani yanki, wanda zai iya kaiwa murabba'in kilomita 150. Yawancin mutane basu ƙaura, kuma suna rayuwa duk shekara zagaye a wuri guda, kuma takamaiman wakilan nau'in halittu ne, waɗanda suka fi son yanayin sanyi na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka, suna tashi zuwa hunturu zuwa hunturu.