Ferarfin Afirka yana kama da skunk na Amurka. Animalan ƙaramin dabba yana da launi mai kyau, fur ɗinsa yana da tsayi yana da taushi. Gudun gargajiyar Afirka suna da dogayen kaifi masu kaifi a goshin su, da ya dace da haƙa da hawan bishiyoyi.

Zorilla tana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma yana da ikon iyo da hawa dutsen itatuwa. Akasarin zorilla suna zama shi kaɗai. Ayyukan matattarar Afirka ana bayyane musamman da dare. Akasin haka, yayin rana, corilla yakan ɓoye cikin ɓarnar wasu dabbobi, ko don kansa. A cikin yanayi mai hatsari, gashin kan jikin wata matattarar ɗan Afirka ya tashi ƙare kuma zorilla ta yayyafa wa abokan gaba asirin sirrin ɗanɗano na glandar gwari.

Ferret na Afirka yana ƙanana kaɗan. Don haka, tsawon jikin yana da kusan 28-38 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya shine cm 25-30. Jikin corilla yana da siffar da elongated, ga gabar jiki gajeru.

Bayanin Zorilla

A cikin bayyanar, maharbin Afirka ya yi kama da skunk na Amurka ko sutura. Jawo dabbar yana da laushi da tsawo. Legsafafun gaba suna ƙare da dogaye masu kaifi, tare da taimakon wanda Zorilla ta tono ƙasa, suma suna taimaka mata hawa dutsen.

Zorilla maza sun fi girma fiye da na mace. Gwargwadon girman jikin ferret ɗin daga 28.5 zuwa 38.5 santimita, tsawon wutsiya ita ce santimita 20.5-30. Maza suna nauyin gram 681-1460, da mata 596-880 grams.

Launi na baya baƙaƙen fata ne, launin rabeffen farar fata 4 sun shuɗe tare da baya, saboda haka ana kiran daskararru. An kafa tsarin motsi mai alama 3 farin alamun kai. Wutsiya mai yawa ce, ƙasan ta fari ne kuma saman ta fari ne. Bodyan ƙananan jikin kusan baki ne.

Rayuwar Afirka ta 'yan Afirka

Zorillas na iya zama a cikin ɗakunan wurare da yawa, amma sun fi son bude filin da savannahs. Sukan guji daji masu yawa.

Waɗannan dabbobin dabbobi ne kaɗai ke jagoranci salon rayuwa na mutum guda. Matattarar fareti suna aiki da dare, lokaci-lokaci ana iya ganinta a faɗuwar rana ko faɗuwar rana. Yayin rana, zorillas suna ɓoye cikin ramuka waɗanda suke haƙa kansu. Wani lokaci sukan nemi mafaka a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, rami na dutse da tsakanin Tushen.

Wasu lokuta zorillas na iya amfani da ragowar sauran dabbobin da aka bari.

Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun saɓo na Afirka a wuraren makiyaya na asali inda ciyayi ko dabbobin gida suke kiwo. Dabbobi suna tsoratar da kwari da suke tururuwa a cikin ciyawa, da kuma abubuwan zorillas suna amfani da wannan don farauta jemagu, gwoza da tsutsauran kwari. Bugu da kari, akwai ciyawa da yawa a cikin wuraren kiwo, kuma gwoza dungunan rayuwa a ciki, wadanda suke matukar kaunar tarkace.

Ferarfashin teku na Afirka sune abincin dabbobi, kuma suna ciyar da kwari ba kawai ba, an haɗa ƙwayoyi, ƙone, macizai, ƙwai tsuntsu, da makamantansu a cikin abincinsu. Idan babu isasshen abinci, to za a iya cin zorillas.

Lokacin da gidan zorilla yake a cikin wani fili, yakan tsaya ko canza shugabanci, yana motsi da sauri zuwa sabon wuri. Baturen Afirka ya canza hanyarsa kusan nan take. Mafi muni, yana yin hakan ne don gujewa hare-hare daga gefen maharbi, musamman ga tsuntsayen da ke yin amai daga sama.

Idan kare ko wata maƙiyi ta bayyana, mayaƙar maɗaukakiya tana mayar da gashinta, ta ɗaga wutsiyarta, kuma tana amfani da makamin - sirrin musky tare da ƙanshin gaske. Wannan sirrin yana ɓoye ne daga glandan proanal. Tare da kayan ƙanshi, zorillas na iya harba daidai, kamar dabbar skunks, a kan nesa mai nisa.

Duk da cewa warin wannan sirrin ba ta da ƙarfi da taushi kamar na dabbar shunks, wannan ma mara dadi ne kuma mai jurewa. Idan babu inda za su tsere da ɓoyewa, to idan abokan gaba suka kawo hari, Zorilla ta yi kamar ta mutu.

Babban makiyan zorillas sune manyan tsuntsayen ganima, karnukan daji da manyan dabbobi.

A cikin bauta, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15.

Kiwo ferrets ferrets

Dankalin balaguro yana faruwa a cikin zorillas ana lura dashi daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Ba a yi nazarin dangantakar dabbar ta canjin wadannan dabbobi ba. Zorillas na maza suna zama masu adawa da juna koyaushe. Kuma kowane ɗayan oppositean adawa ya jure wa juna keɓaɓɓu yayin lokacin kiwo. Tsarin dabbar ta hanyar dacewar da za'a iya ɗaukar tsararra na iya wuce minti 60-100.

Mace tana da zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya kawai a cikin kakar, amma idan duk jariran sun mutu da ƙuruciya, tana iya haifan wani zuriya kusan a ƙarshen lokacin kiwo. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin kwanaki 37. Daga jariran 1 zuwa 4 sun bayyana, amma akasarinsu akwai jarirai 2-3.

Ppan kuyafa masu nauyi sunyi nauyi gram 12-15. Matasa a cikin matasa dabbobi bayyana a ranar 33, kuma idanu bude a ranar 40th. Mace tana ciyar da 'ya'yanta a cikin madara har tsawon watanni 4-5, duk da cewa yara matasa za su iya farautar kwari tun daga mako 9 da haihuwa. Balaga cikin balaguron Afirka na faruwa ne a makonni 20 zuwa 30, amma wannan ya shafi mata ne kawai, kuma maza sun balaga.

Launiyar ferret ta Afirka

Afirka ferret tana da launi mai haske, wadda ta ƙunshi haɗuwa da launuka masu duhu da fari. A bayan idanun, har ila yau a tsakanin su akwai farin fili wanda ya raba launin fata. Hannun kunnuwan gaba daya farare ne. Guda biyu na baƙin ƙarfe mai tsayi suna tafiya tare da bango baya da bango mai haske. Da bambanci, ƙananan gefen, gutsi da ƙwallon ƙafa na baƙi ne.

Habitat da mazauninsu

Zorillas wani yanki ne mai yaduwa. An samo waɗannan dabbobin kusan a cikin Afirka baki ɗaya. Zorillas galibi suna zaɓar yawancin wuraren zama. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun polecat a cikin filayen buɗe, da kuma a cikin savannah. Akasin haka, a cikin dazuzzukan kurmi mai kololuwa, ba a samo waɗannan dabbobin.

Hunt da Ferret na Afirka

Zorillas carnivores ne. Mafi yawa suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin dabbobi, manyan kwari, hares. Wani lokaci zasu iya kai hari kan maciji ko kuma tsuntsun na tsuntsu. A cikin lokutan jin yunwa, ferret na iya cinye abinci.

Amfanin da illolin zorillas ga mutane

Zorillas suna tsara adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyi; sunada amfani sosai a wuraren aikin gona. A kan wuraren kiwo, ciyayi da aka ɗauka basa barin lardin ƙwari da yawa su ci tushen, mai tushe da ganyayyaki na ciyawar.

Feran kidan na Afirka na iya cutar da mutane yayin da suke farautar ƙananan dabbobin gida, kamar kaji da zomaye, kuma suna cin ƙwai kaza.

Abokan gaba na ɗan Ferret na Afirka

Abokan gaban mutanen Afirka sun hada da karnuka, manyan tsuntsayen ganima, da manyan dabbobi. A ganin kare, zorilla tana lalata gashi, ta haɓaka wutsiyarta, sannan kuma ta ɓoye wani sirrin mai ɗaci mai ɗaukar hoto. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan warin yana da daɗaɗɗarwa, mara dadi da daɗewa.

Bayanan Ban sha'awa

Kamshin da turaren Afirka (zorillas) ke fitarwa yana da ƙarfi sosai har ana iya jin shi a nisan radius mai nisan kilomita 1.6. Wannan nisan yayi daidai da filayen kwallon kafa bakwai. Hakanan abin mamaki ne cewa akwai wasu kabilun Afirka da ke amfani da wannan wari mara kyau na Zorilla a matsayin kamannin ruhohi yayin farauta.

Abin mamakin shine, wadannan dabbobin zasu iya yin wasu lokuta kamar sun mutu. Yawancin wannan yana faruwa a cikin yanayi inda suke cikin haɗarin mutum. Zai iya zama kamar yana da sauƙin ma maƙiyi ya kusanci matattakalar rashin motsi. Bayan haka, yana cikin wannan matsayin cewa dabbar tana da cikakkiyar kariya. Koyaya, ya kusanci ferret, maharbin ya fara jin ƙanshi mai ƙanshi kuma ya yanke shawarar barin wannan baƙin abin da shi kaɗai.

Halaye na zahiri

Matattarar faretan yakai kusan 60-70 cm (inci 24-28) tsawo, gami da wutsiyoyi, kuma 10-15 cm (3.9-5.9 a) tsayin kafada akan matsakaita. Suna yin nauyin ko'ina daga kilogram 0.6 (1.3 fam) zuwa 1.3 kg (2.9 fam), yawanci maza sune mafi girma na maza biyu. Musamman launinsu ya bambanta ta wuri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna baƙar fata a kan marassa nauyi, farare a kan wutsiya, tare da ratsi suna aiki daga kawunansu ƙasa da baya da kan cheeks. Kafafu da kafafu baƙi ne. Kwanyarsu akasari kusan milimita 56 (2.2 inci) tsawo, kuma suna da masar fuska ta musamman, galibi gami da farin tabo a kawunansu, da kuma kunnuwa fari. Wadannan shuwagabannin an yi imani zasu zama gargaɗi ne ga masu son magabatanta ko sauran masu adawa da su.

Abincin

Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran mustelids, sandararren ferret yana ɗaukar abinci. Tana da haƙora 34, waɗanda suka fi dacewa don yankan nama da datse nama. Abincinta ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, macizai, tsuntsaye, 'yan tsutsotsi da kwari. Saboda karamin cikinsu, ya kamata su ci sau da yawa kuma suna tafa kafaɗa don taimaka musu su haƙa cikin laka don neman abincinsu na gaba.

Harshen ofan Afirka na Ferrets = Ictonyx Cairo, 1835

Harshen halittar shine kawai jinsin: Ictonyx striatus Perry, 1810= Zorilla ko ferret na Afirka.

Girman masu girma. Tsayin Jiki 28-38 cm, tsawon wutsiya 25-30 cm Jikin yana da tsawo, ga gabar jiki gajeru ne, wutsiyar yana da dogon gashi. Shugaban yana da fadi, kunnuwa suna karami, kewaya, zagaye. Abun gyaran gashi yana da girma, m da kuma sparse.

Launinsa mai haske ne, ya ƙunshi haɗuwa da launuka masu fari da baƙi. A bayan idanun da a tsakanin su akwai fararen fari, rabe rabe da bakin da ya wuce matakin kunnuwa daga filin farin occipital. The saman kunnuwa fari. Dogo biyu na baƙin ƙarfe mai tsayi suna gudana tare da bangon baya da bangon fari. Partarshe ɓangarorin bangarorin jiki, gefen ventral da kuma duka tarko, ban da abubuwan farin da ke sama, baki ne. Girman gland ana haɓaka ta.

Aka rarrabu a Afirka daga Senegal, Arewacin Najeriya, Sudan, Habasha zuwa kudu har zuwa jamhuriyar Afirka ta kudu baki ɗaya. Ana samo shi a cikin nau'ikan kwayoyin halittu daban-daban.

Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau kuma suna iyo. Yana yawanci rike shi shi kadai. Aiki da dare. Yana ciyarwa da ranaku a cikin burushin sauran dabbobi ko a nasu. Idan akwai haɗari, dogon gashi a jikin yakan hau kan ƙare kuma dabba ta yafa asirin murmushin rashin ƙwarewa na glandar gwanaye a kan abokan gaba. Hakanan zaka iya yin kamar sun mutu.

Yana ciyar da wasu ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe da ƙwai tsuntsu. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi - cuban sanda 2-3.

Rayuwa da haihuwa

Striarfafa mai ɗaukar nauyi, kawai shine kawai sadarwa, tare da sadarwa tare da wasu membobin halittun ta a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na iyali ko don dalilai na kiwo. Rayuwa ce ta rayuwar yau da kullun, farauta da dare. A cikin rana, zai tono cikin buroshi ko zai iya kwanciya a cikin makabartar sauran dabbobi. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana samun daskararren rumfa a cikin mazauna tare da yawancin yawan jama'ar, saboda ƙananan matakin tsirrai wanda yawanci yana haɗuwa da kasancewar waɗannan herbivores.

Bayan ɗaukar ciki, lokacin haihuwar don yaɗa ƙarshen shine kusan makonni huɗu. A wannan lokacin, mahaifiyar tana shirya gida don 'ya'yanta. Jariri zai zama mai rauni gaba ɗaya, an haife su makaho, kurma, tsirara. Kimanin 4:59, ana haihuwar zuriya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi a lokacin bazara. Har zuwa shida ana iya tallafawa a lokaci guda saboda mahaifiyar tana da nono shida. Iya zata kare yaranta har sai sun sami damar rayuwa da kansu.

Kayan kariya

A taguwar ferret dabba ce mai taurin kai da zama ƙasa. Ya yi alamar yankinsa da ƙwayoyin jikinta da kuma ta hanyar feshin fitsarin. SPRAY yana amfani da kariya a kan masu farautar, kamar yadda ake amfani da skunks. SPRAY, wanda aka fitar ta hanjin furotin, ya makantar da abokan hamayyarsa na wani lokaci kuma yana fusatar da mucous membrane, sakamakon tsananin konawa. Kafin fesawa abokan gaba da wannan gurbataccen ruwa, ferret ɗin yakanyi wani yanayi mai lalacewa (barazanar) tare da sutturar da baya, gefen gaba yana fuskantar abokan gaba da wutsiya kai tsaye cikin iska.

Sadarwa

Hannun matattakala sanannu ne don sadarwa tare da juna ta amfani da siginar magana da kira da dama. Ana amfani da tsirani azaman gargaɗi ga masu son magabata, ko gwanaye, ko kuma wasu maƙiyan su koma baya. An lura da manyan kukan sansanin a matsayin nuna yanayin tashin hankali ko rakiyar saurin fitar fitsari. Ana amfani da wavy high zuwa low pitched scream ana amfani da shi don isar da kai ko mika wuya ga abokin adawar. An lura da wannan roko don biye da sakin wanda aka rasa. A gefe guda, ana fassara fassarar murya mai mahimmanci kamar aiki kamar gaisuwa mai abokantaka. Kiran yankan gari nau'i ne na gama gari tsakanin mata da maza. A ƙarshe, ƙararrawa matasa suna da takamaiman kira da alamun amfani lokacin da suke cikin ƙuruciya, ko dai ma'anar damuwa ko farin ciki, ya danganta da idan mahaifiyar ba ta nan ko ba ta.

Zorilla ko Afirka ferret Ictonyx striatus

Zorilla, Zorilla, guguwar polecat. = Ictonyx striatus (Wani lokacin ana kiran Zorilla da bakin tebur ferret). Sunan "Zorilla" kalma ce mai rauni, an samo ta daga kalmar Spanish "zorro", wanda ke nufin "fox." "Polecat" kalma ce wacce ba a san ta ba, amma tana nufin dabba - a wata hanya ba cat ba.

Muguwar kallo. Ana samun wannan kusan a ɗaukacin yankin Afirka na kudu da hamad Sahara: daga Senegal da Najeriya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.

Wannan wata halitta ce da ke da launi mai laushi, da kwatankwacin launinta, ko kuma, skunk ta Amurka. Jawo yana da tsawo da taushi. Zorillas suna da dogayen kaifi a goshinsu, wanda galibi ana daidaita su don digging, amma kuma suna da amfani don hawa bishiyoyi. Maza koyaushe suna ɗan girma fiye da mace.

Launi: A gefen ƙusoshin, akwai manyan fararen huɗa huɗu a kan baƙar fata, kuma a kan kai akwai kyakkyawan launi, kamar kayan miya, a cikin nau'ikan alamomi masu farin gani. Jawo wutsiya mai laushi ya fi fari tare da baki. A ƙasa, jikin waɗannan dabbobin yana da duhu, kusan baki.

Tsawon zorilla shine 28.5 - 38.5 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine 20.5 - 30 cm.Zorilla tana da nauyin kilogram 1.02-1.4 (matsakaicin darajar). Yawan nauyin mace: 596 - 880 g, nauyin maza: 681 - 1460 g.

Habitat: Zorilla yawanci tana da yawancin wurare da yawa, kuma galibi suna zaune ne a cikin savannah da filayen buɗewa, ban da filayen daji mai yawa.

Abokan Zorilla sun hada da karnuka, manyan tsuntsayen ganima, manyan dabbobi. Tsammani na rayuwa: cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 15.

Zorilla ita ce abincin dabbobi, tana ciyar da kan dabbobi kamar linzami, hares, manyan kwari, wasu lokuta ƙwai tsuntsu, macizai da sauran dabbobi. Wani lokaci, tare da ciyarwar kyauta, tana iya cinye haram.

Zorilla wata halitta ce mai tsananin sonta, yawanci tana rayuwa ita kaɗai. Lokaci-lokaci ne kawai ake iya ganinta a faɗuwar rana ko lokacin alfijir kafin ya ɓoye a raminsa. Zorilla tana samun mafaka a cikin rana guda a ramuka daban daban, a wasu lokutan a murƙushe dutsen, a cikin rami mai faɗi, tsakanin tushen itacen har ma a ƙarƙashin gidaje. Wani lokaci yakan yi amfani da ramin da aka watsar da wasu dabbobi. Haka nan suna iya haƙa ramuka kansu ko binne kansu cikin tarin rassan, ciyawa da ganyayyaki yayin da babu sauran wuraren da suka dace don yin bacci.

Zorillas sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a wuraren kiwo na daji inda ake zama dabbobin daji da makiyayan gida. Wadannan dabbobin suna tsoratar da wasu kwari iri da ke buya a cikin ciyawa, wanda hakan ya baiwa zoril damar kamawa da cin kwari, orthoptera da sauran kwari da tsutsarsu. A nan, a wuraren kiwo, inda akwai wadataccen ciyawa, wanda ake samar da ciyayi don ƙarnuka masu yawa, ana lura da wadatar da yawan Zorill ne saboda yawan ganima.

Zorillas suna da nau'ikan halaye da dabi'a (halin mutum) waɗanda suke martani ne na juyin halittar waɗannan dabbobi ga masu fitarwa. Don haka, kasancewa a cikin wani fili, Zorilla tana tsayawa akai-akai ko motsawa zuwa ga motsi, da sauri yana gudana daga wuri zuwa wuri. Wadannan canje-canje na shugabanci na motsi kusan lokaci daya ne.Wataƙila irin waɗannan hanyoyin taimaka wajan kawo hari daga kowane maƙiya, musamman ma maƙwabta waɗanda ke da baƙar fata, saboda rashin yiwuwar niyya jefa daga gefen su.

Lokacin da kare ko wata abokiyar gaba ta bayyana, zorilla tana lalata gashi, ta haɓaka wutsiyarta, sannan kuma ta ɓoye ɓoyayyen ɓarke ​​na sirrin glandar guda biyu masu haɓaka. Girman waɗannan glandan sunada yawa idan aka kwatanta da girman dabbar da kanta, wanda yake mahimmanci don kare su daga abokan gaba. Asirinta mai daɗin haske ya bayyana, kamar skunk, na iya nufin "harbi" a nesa mai nisa. Kodayake kamshin asirinsu ba “mai ƙanshi” ba ne kuma yana da kyau kamar na skunk na ɗan Amurka, amma duk da haka ba shi da daɗi da dawwama.

Waɗannan dabbobin sukan yi kamar sun mutu lokacin da ƙaƙƙarfan abokin gaba ya same su, kuma babu inda za su gudu. Wannan mawuyacin hali ne, kamar yadda ake tsammani da farko a taimaka a sami mai farautar wanda ya fi saurin kaiwa gacin kariya. Koyaya, wannan halin yana bawa mai izini damar jin "ƙanshin ƙanshi" na sirrin glandon gwal, wanda hakan zai tilasta su yanke shawarar barin wannan zorilla ta ƙare kawai.

Tsarin zamantakewa: Zorilla yawanci ke zaune shi kaɗai, yana jagorancin rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

The mating kakar ne daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Yaduwa: dangantakar aure na wannan nau'in ba a yi nazari ba. Tsakanin maza koyaushe haɓaka dangantakar ƙauna ce. Tunda maza sun fi mace girma kuma koyaushe suna yin faɗa da juna, wataƙila wata gasa tana tasowa a tsakaninsu lokacin ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i. Maza da mata suna jure wa juna kawai yayin lokacin kiwo, a yayin da zasu iya yin mu'amala ba tare da fitina ba. Mating na iya wuce minti 60-100. Cutar ciki ta kusan kwanaki 36-37.

A cikin rami tsakanin Satumba da Disamba, ana haihuwar 1-4, yawanci sawanni biyu, waɗanda suka riga sun haihu suna da gashi mai gashi tare da gajeren Jawo kuma tare da tsarin tsararren riga mai bayyane. A cewar wasu marubutan, gajeriyar furma ta fara rufe jikinsu ne kwanaki 21 bayan haihuwa. Weight a lokacin haihuwa - 12-15 g (ko 1/2 oce). Haƙiƙan hakora a cikin matasa suna bayyana ne a kwanaki 33, idanun kuma a buɗe a kwanaki 40. Mata suna da nono guda huɗu, suna samarwa matasa samari. An yaye su a cikin watanni 4 zuwa 5 na haihuwa, kodayake matasa Zorillas sun fara farauta kuma suna iya kashe kananan kananan jijiyoyi tun suna 'yan makonni tara.

Mace gabaɗaya tana haihuwar zuriyar ruwa ɗaya kawai a cikin kaka, amma idan duk babiesa babiesan nata sun mutu da ƙuruciya, to mace zata iya haihuwar zuriya ta biyu kafin ƙarshen lokacin kiwo. Balagagge: a sati 20-30, maza kadan daga baya. Da zarar an kamo ta, matar ta haihu tun tana shekara 10.

Wannan mafarautan yana iko da yawan kananan dabbobi, musamman a wuraren noma inda dabbobi suka ciyar da kayan gona. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wuraren kiwo, suna caccakar ci gaban lardin dabbobin da ke ciyar da tushen da ganyaye.

Zorillas sun zauna a kusa da gonaki na iya farautar ƙananan dabbobi kamar zomaye, kaji, sata da ƙwai kaza.

Zorillas sun ƙunshi (bayan cirewar glandar anal) kamar dabbobi. Abin sha'awa shine, aƙalla rahoto guda ɗaya game da amfani da sirrin glandon waɗannan dabbobi ta wurin mutanen garin a matsayin turare.