- BAYAN gaskiyar
- Lokacin rayuwa da mazauninta (lokacin): Zamani mai ban sha'awa (shekaru 100-93 da suka shude)
- An samo: 1915g, Misira
- Masarauta: Dabbobi
- Era: Mesozoic
- Nau'i: Chordates
- Squad: Lizard-pelvic
- Groungiyoyin ƙasa: Theropods
- Class: Zavropsida
- Squadron: Dinosaurs
- Iyali: Spinosaurids
- HALITTA: Spinosaurus
Dabarar ruwa da ƙasa. Abu ne mai sauki wanda za'a iya gane shi saboda aljihun sa “sail” na baya da kwanyar, wanda, kamar karnuka, ana jan gaba. Yana da mafi kwanyar kwanyar a tsakanin dukkan tsoffin safiyar safarar (har zuwa 1.98 m tsawan tsayi).
Hakanan yana da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya cutar da babban makiyi ko kuma harbi shi.
A karon farko, an samo ragowar wannan kariyar a Masar, kuma masanin binciken burbushin halittu daga Jamus Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach ya bayyana. Godiya ga spinosaur, an gano sabon dangin spinosaurids, wanda ya haɗa da nau'o'in abubuwan cin abinci iri iri, mafi kusancin su shine mai tayar da jijiyoyi, shi ma bai da haƙoran hakora.
Me kuka ci kuma wane salon rayuwa kuka jagoranta?
Farauta ba ta faru a cikin fakitoci ba, kamar yadda a cikin yawancin masu hasashen yanayi, amma cikin kaɗaici. Ya iya farautar pterosaurs da herbivores na wancan lokacin, yana jiran wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin kwanton bauna. Yawancin lokaci bai sa wanda aka azabtar ya jira na mutuwarsa ba, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe ta nan da nan, don wannan ya ciji wuya.
Amma duk da komai, babban abincin yana kunshe da kifi, wani lokacin har ma da kifayen kifaye, kunkuru da karnukan daji - sun shiga cikin kandami kuma suna jira dama don kai farmaki da cin kifayen da yawa. Ba abin mamaki da ya yi kama da karnuka, kamar su, yana ƙaunar zama a cikin ruwa, ya ji daɗin zaman lafiya sannan kawai ya fara farauta. Lokaci-lokaci, ban da kifi da sauran kifin masara, yana cin abinci iri-iri.
Cikakken bayanin jikin
Yana da girman gaske da kuma kwarangwal mai ƙarfi. Koda manyan shahararrun mashahuran kamar su giantotosaurus da azzalumi basu iya kaiwa ga girman wannan ba; shi ne babban wanda ya fara cin dinosaur. Kamar yadda kake gani a cikin hoto, doguwar tsinkaye, wanda aka rufe da fata, ya fantsama akan ƙashin kashin baya. Kusa da tsakiya, sun fi waɗanda suke a ƙarƙashin wuya da wutsiya. Mafi tsayi da ƙwanƙwasa ya kai mita 2, don zama daidai - 1.8 m. "Jirgin ruwa" anyi amfani dashi don jan hankalin mata kuma kayan aikin lantarki ne.
Girma
A cikin tsayi, manya sun kai 15 - 18m, matasa dinosaur suma sun yi yawa - 12m
A tsayi 4 - 6m (ya dogara da adadin ƙafafun zavr sun tsaya a kan, 4 da 2, bi da bi)
Girman jiki - daga 9 zuwa 11.5t (dattijo), 5t - zavr matasa
Shugaban
Fuskar Liyel ta yi kama da fuskar macizai na yanzu. Kwanyar ta kasance babba, amma kunkuntar a farkon muƙamuƙi, wanda akwai hakora masu kaifi mara nauyi (suna iya ciji ta kowane fata). Akwai ƙananan teethan hakora: farkon babba da ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna da hakora 7 masu tsayi, kuma a bayansu - 12 - 13 akan kowane ɓangare ba su da tsawo, amma daidai suke.
Liman
Har zuwa yanzu, ba a gano cikakken ragowar kuɗaɗen ba, masana kimiyya sun yi aiki na dogon lokaci don dawo da kamanninsu. Abin sani kawai an san cewa akwai 4 daga cikinsu kuma kowannensu na da kaifi mai kaifi. Legsafafan kafafun hular sun fi ƙarfin goshi, amma ba su da bambanci sosai da ƙarfi, i.e. Sun kasance da ƙarfi sosai don riƙe wannan jikin a ƙafafunsu kuma ya tsage waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Habitat
Spinosaurus ya zauna a cikin yanzu Arewacin Afirka. A halin yanzu, ana samun ragowar gawarsa a Marokko da Egypt. A cikin iyakokin ƙasar na ƙarshe ne aka gano gano manyan mutane. Hanyoyin da ke zaune a cikin dinosaur an rufe shi da hanyar sadarwa ta kananan kogunan iska masu iska. A cikin ruwa ne hutawa sai dabbar ta gwammace ta ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinta.
Bayyanar
Dangane da tsinkayen zamani, spinosaurus zai iya kaiwa tsawon 16-18 tare da adadin 7-9 t (kodayake wasu masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar cewa nauyin dinosaur ya kusan 20 t) kuma ya girma har zuwa 8 m.
Spinosaurus “Sail” abu ne da ake muhawara a kai wacce ba ta kasu shekaru da yawa ba. Ba mu san yadda wannan tsarin yake a zahiri ba: yana yiwuwa cewa fashewar vertebrae ta yi tsawo zuwa 1.8 m (mafi daidai, kashin baya, saboda sunan "spinosaurus" yana nufin "spiked lizard"), an rufe su da fata kawai, ko wataƙila sun ya riƙe tsokoki masu ƙarfi da jijiyoyin wuya. A farkon lamari, spinosaur da gaske yana da "sail" na bakin ciki a bayan sa, kuma a karo na biyu, babban daskararre.
Mecece “sail”? Ba a san shi daidai ba, amma mai yiwuwa yana iya cika ayyukan thermoregulation, har ma da sadarwa, yin tsoratar da sauran abubuwan da suka dace daga dinosaur daga kansa kuma kawai nuna. Wataƙila launinsa mai haske sosai kuma ya jawo hankalin mata yayin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Ofaya daga cikin masana ilimin kimiyya ya ba da shawarar cewa a bangon laƙabi akwai gurbataccen mai wanda ke taimakon dinosaur ya rayu muddin babu adadin abincin da ake buƙata.
Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa: spinosaurus na iya tafiya akan kafa biyu da hudu. Hannun goshi, sanye yake da yatsu uku tare da dogayen kaifi, sun ba dabba damar rike abin da ta kama. Yatsun kafafu biyu na yatsa biyu tare da yatsun da aka ci gaba, sauran kuma sune babban nauyin lokacin tafiya.
Spinosaurus ya mallaki kwanyar da ta fi girma tsakanin dinosaurs iri-iri. A cikin mafi girman mutane, ya kai tsawan mita 2. Tsarin kwanyar, da wurin da kuma hakora sun yi kama da khalifofi. 12-13 ƙananan hakora sun kasance a bayan bakin, kuma bakwai hakora masu tsayi suna a gaban muƙamuƙi.
Rayuwa
Sakamakon kamannin ɗabi'a da tsarin wasu sassan jikin wannan dinosaur, galibi ana misalta shi da crocodile, wanda a cikin girmansa za'a iya kwatanta shi da muƙamuƙin spinosaurus. Abincin tsohuwar dodo ya kunshi kifi. Zai iya kama ta kamar kada. Binciko ganima, spinosaurus ya ɓoye cikin ruwa kuma ya bar hanci da idanu kawai.
Dangane da wani fasalin, ya soshi yadda bera ta zamani keyi: tsohuwar dabba tana kallon ruwa, sannan ta kwace ganima daga kogin da bakin ta. Bugu da kari, pangolin zai iya farautar dinosaurs na dabbobi, musamman a lokacin fari, lokacinda yake buƙatar sauran hanyoyin samar da abinci mai gina jiki. Girman spinosaurus, haƙoransa masu kaifi da jajaye masu ƙarfi sun ba da shawarar cewa ko da babban sauropods ya zama abin da ya same shi: spinosaurus ya ciji wuya, kuma dinosaur ya mutu da sauri. Wataƙila lila na cin abinci.
Spinosaurs suna zaune da farauta shi kaɗai, suna tuntuɓe cikin nau'i biyu kawai a lokacin lokacin canjin. Mai yiyuwa ne mazan sun yi wa juna rauni.
Rarrabawa
Spinosaurus ya ba da sunansa ga dangin dinosaur, da spinosaurids, wanda ban da shi sun haɗa da baryonyx daga kudancin Ingila, mai fushi da angaturama daga Brazil, zuhomim daga Nijar a Afirka ta Tsakiya, da kuma yiwuwar siamosaurus, wanda aka san shi da guntun ragowar a cikin Thailand. Spinosaurus shine mafi kusanci ga mai ban ruwa, wanda kuma yana da hakora masu buɗe kai, kuma dukkansu an haɗa su a cikin kabilar Spinosaurinae.
A cikin al'adun sanannu
Spinosaurus ya fito a cikin fim na 2001 Jurassic Park III, inda masu kirkirar fim suka bayyana a gaban jama'a a matsayin babban masu adawa, kodayake azzalumi shine ya taka wannan rawar a finafinan biyu da suka gabata. A cikin fim, an gabatar da spinosaurus mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da tyrannosaurus: a cikin fage, inda a cikin yaƙi tsakanin masu hasara guda biyu, mai nasara shine spinosaurus, wanda ya mirgine wuyan tyrannosaurus. A zahiri, irin wannan yakin ba zai iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa dinosaur biyu sun fito daga nahiyoyi daban-daban kuma suna rayuwa a lokuta daban-daban, amma masu gwaji a cikin fim din sun yanke shawarar tattara dinosaurs a tsibiri ɗaya kuma "duba ƙarfin su." Da alama marubutan fim din sun yanke shawarar cewa hoton dan mulkin zalunci a matsayin "babban villain" ya kasance mafi tsufa, kuma an zabi wani spinosaurus don maye gurbinsa saboda kyawun fasalinsa da banbanci, da kuma girmansa.
Hakanan, spinosaurus ya bayyana a cikin fina-finai masu rai "The Duniya Kafin Farkon Times XII: Babban Bird Day", "Ice Age-3. Dinosaur Era (Rudy) da kuma shekara ta huɗu na jerin farashi na fantasy.