Amintarwa (Lat. Velociraptor, daga Lat. Velox - hanzari da raptor - mafarauta) - asalin halittar dinosaur na ƙuruciya mai asali daga dangin dromaeosaurid. Ya ƙunshi jinsin da aka sani - Velociraptor mongoliensis. Ya rayu a ƙarshen zamanin Cretaceous shekaru miliyan 83-70 da suka gabata.
An gano gawarsa a Jumhuriyar Mongolia da ta Mongolia na cikin gida. Akwai sauran wakilan danginsa - deinonychus da maita - kuma sun sami wasu nau'ikan abubuwan ci gaba na jiki.
Velociraptor karamin dinosaur ne, ya kai 1.8 m a tsayi, 60-70 cm tsayi kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 20. Yana da lafiyayyen kai mai kauri zuwa sama da tsayin cm 25. A saman manya da ƙananan ƙananan, 26-28 hakora waɗanda ke tsakanin tsaka-tsakin da juyawa baya don kamawa da riƙe ganima.
| Take | Class | Squad | Kamewa | Orderasashe |
| Amintarwa | Abubuwa masu rarrafe | Dinosaur | Lizard-pelvic | Kawain |
| Iyali | Tsawo / tsayi | Weight | Inda ya rayu | Lokacin da ya rayu |
| Dromaeosaurids | 60-70 cm / 1.8 m | har zuwa kilogiram 20 | Mongolia, Mongolia na ciki (China) | Zamani mai ban sha'awa (shekaru miliyan 83-70 da suka gabata) |
Kamar yawancin makargina, Velociraptor yana da yatsu hudu a gabobinsa na baya, wanda ɗayan ya sami ci gaba kuma baya cikin tafiya, kuma (kamar theropods) ya tako akan yatsu uku. Dromaeosaurids, ciki har da Velociraptor, sunyi amfani da biyu kawai: na uku da na huɗu.
A na biyu babban falon kambori ne wanda ya girma zuwa mm 60 a tsayinsa (tare da gefen waje). An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban makaminsu don kashe da kuma lalata masu cutar. Koyaya, daga baya an tabbatar dashi ta hanyar binciken cewa Velociraptor baya amfani da waɗannan maƙalaran azaman ruwan wukake (tunda ƙasan ciki ta kewaya, kuma kaifin ƙwanƙwasa bai karye ta cikin dabbar dabba ba, amma kawai ta soke shi), wataƙila, sunyi aiki ne kamar yadda ƙaddara wacce wacce maƙiyin take jingina ga wanda aka azabtar, sa'an nan sokin ta trachea ko na mahaifa artery.
Hannun gaban Velociraptor yana da yatsu uku. Na farko shi ne mafi guntu, na biyu kuma ya fi tsayi.
Ragewar wutsiya na Velociraptor ya rage daga ragowar kasusuwa na jijiya a cikin sashinsu na sama da jijiyoyin da aka haɓaka a kasan. Kasancewar kasusuwa ya shimfiɗa daga 4-10 vertebrae, wanda ya ba da kwanciyar hankali a kan bends, musamman lokacin da yake gudana cikin babban gudu.
Da farko an gano ragowar (kwanyar da tafin gwiwar hind) na Velociraptor a cikin 1922 a cikin yankin Mongolian na Gobirt ta hanyar balaguron Tarihin Tarihi na Amurka. A cikin 1924, darektan gidan kayan gargajiya, Henry Osborne, ya ambaci waɗannan binciken a cikin labarin sanannen kimiyya kuma ya sanya sunan Ovoraptor djadochtari da aka bayyana, daga baya ya canza sunan ta zuwa Velociraptor mongoliensis.
Dabarar farauta
A 1971, an samo ragowar Velociraptor da Protoceratops, waɗanda suka mutu a cikin fri kuma aka binne su a cikin yashi. Sun ba mu izinin sake gina abubuwa da yawa na dabarun farauta na Velociraptor. Hannun yatsun kafafunsa da aka samo a cikin wuyan ka'idojin zai iya bayanin cewa Velociraptor ya kai hari kan jijiyoyin mahaifa, jijiyoyin da kuma rauni na wanda aka azabtar tare da taimakonsu, bawai rami na ciki tare da gabobin mahimmanci ba, kamar yadda aka yi tunani a baya.
Duk abubuwan da aka samo Velociraptor sun kasance daidaikun mutane, kuma ba a tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa sun farauta a fakitoci ba. Kusa da dangi na Velociraptors - Deinonychus - mai yiwuwa ana farauta ne a fakitoci, kamar yadda ake samun gungun kungiyoyin mutanensu sau da yawa.
Umauki da zafi
Tunanin Velociraptor kafin da bayan buɗewar aikin famfo
Dromaeosaurids sunada kusanci ga tsuntsaye, wanda kusan yayi kama da mafi girman wakilan wannan dangin tare da ingantaccen tsari. Farkon dromaeosaurids, Microraptor da Sinornithosaurus, suna da siffofi na avian fiye da dangin Velociraptor, waɗanda suka rayu dubun dubatar shekaru bayan haka. Abubuwan da aka gano na Velociraptors basu da yatsan yatsu masu taushi, wanda bai bamu damar sanin ko suna da rudewa ba.
A cikin 2007, masana binciken ilimin kimiyyar binciken dabbobi da yawa sun ba da rahoton ganowa a cikin samfurin Velociraptor (IGM 100/981) na tubercles akan ƙashin ulnar - wuraren da aka haɗe da gashin fuka-fukai, alamu na tsuntsayen zamani. A cewar masana binciken burbushin halittu, wannan gano yana tabbatar da cewa masu aikin velociraptors suna da rushewa.
Thearfafa da dangantakar juyin halittar mai siyayya ga tsuntsaye tana da iri biyu:
Yawancin fasali na avian (gami da ƙari) wanda aka lura a cikin dromaeosaurids mai yiwuwa an gada shi daga magabata na yau da kullun - ɗayan rukuni na coelurosaurs (wanda aka yarda da shi gaba ɗaya).
Dromaeosaurids, gami da velociraptors, sune tsoffin tsuntsayen, wataƙila sun rasa ikon tashiwa (kamar maciji). Yawancin masana binciken burbushin halitta sun ƙi wannan sigar. Mashahurin mai ba da tallafi ita ce fitacciyar marubucin nan ɗan ƙasar Amurka Gregory Paul.
Rushewar Velociraptors yana nufin jininsu-da-zafi. Dabbobin da ke da sanyi-sanyi ba su da ikon shawo kan dumama, suna buƙatar samun zafi daga yanayin, amma ƙarancin haɓakar ƙashi na dromaeosaurids yana ƙasa da na tsuntsayen da dabbobi masu zamani, wanda ke nuna jinkirin aiki.
Tunani
Velociraptor ya yi suna sosai bayan fim din "Jurassic Park" (1993), wanda aka shirya fim din bisa ga sabon sunan da Michael Crichton (1990) ya yi.
A cikin ayyukan biyu, fasali da yawa na dabba sun dogara ne akan sake gina wani dromaeosaurid, deinonychus, saboda gaskiyar cewa Michael Crichton ya bi tsarin Gregory Paul, wanda aka sanya deinonychus a cikin halittar Velociraptors a karkashin sunan V. antirrhopus.
A cikin labari, Crichton yayi ajiyar wuri: "... Yanzu an dauki Deinonychus a matsayin ɗayan Velociraptors" (Babu irin wannan ajiyar a fim ɗin). An gudanar da jerin gwano a farkon fim da labarin a Montana, inda aka rarraba deinonychus, ba Velociraptor ba.
Tsarin kwamfyutoci a cikin fim ɗin sun ninka biyu kamar mongoliensis, kuma sun yi daidai da deinonychus. A cikin wannan littafin, an bayyana velociraptor a matsayin mai matukar hatsari, yana farauta cikin kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa, a matsayin mafi hankali kuma musamman dinosaur na jini, a cikin fim shi ne ya fi yawan kaiwa mutane hari.
Hakanan ana nuna hoton Velociraptors ba tare da fuka-fukai a cikin wannan fim ba.
Amintarwa
Amintarwa - "Mai saurin sata"
Lokacin rayuwa: Zamani mai banƙyama - kimanin shekaru miliyan 83-70 da suka gabata
Squad: Lizard-pelvic
Suborder: Kawain
Siffofin yauda kullun:
- tafiya akan ƙafafu masu ƙarfi
- ci nama
- bakin da yake da hakora mai kaifi, mai lanƙwasa a ciki
Bangarori:
tsawon 1.8 m
tsayi 0.6 m
nauyi ne kilogiram 20.
Abinci mai gina jiki: Mayaso sauran dinosaur
Gano: 1922, Mongolia
Velociraptor karamin ɗan annabta ne na Cretaceous. Ya sami suna ta musamman don fim ɗin "Jurassic Park". Velociraptors a can sunansu dinosaurs na asali, wanda yafi dacewa da bayanin deinonychus. Duk da haka, wannan hujja ta "propiarized" the velociraptor. Velociraptor ya fi karami girma fiye da Deinonychus, amma babu ƙarancin haɗari, mai sauri da zubar jini.
Kwanyar kwanyar ta Velociraptor
Shugaban:
Kwanyar ta Velociraptor tana da zurfin dagwaye kuma kunkuntar, kusan tsayi cm 25. Akwai kimanin hakora 50 masu kaifi a cikin ciki suna kuma shirya su cikin layuka da yawa. Ramin a cikin kwanyar dinkin ya sanya kwanyar ta zama mara nauyi, kuma Velocentric ya kara tsufa. Kwakwalwar tururi, don dinosaur, yana da girma. Mai yiwuwa, Velociraptor, mai yiwuwa ɗayan dinosaurs ne masu hankali.
Tsarin jikin Velociraptor:
Velociraptor yana da dogayen kafafu na baya, wanda ya ba da izinin dinosaur ya bunkasa saurin sauri. A kowace kafa ta hular akwai zina mai kauri, wacce Velociraptor tayi wa mutum rauni. Kamar dukkan nau'ikan kwari, velociraptor yana da yatsun kafa huɗu a ƙafafunsa na baya, wanda ɗayan ya sami ci gaba kuma baya cikin tafiya. Forelimbs ɗin ba su da haɓaka. Yatsun yatsu uku akan kowane palo na Velociraptor. Na farko shi ne mafi guntu, na biyu kuma mafi tsawo. Dinosaur sun kama ganima. Dogon wutsiya ya daidaita gaban jikin shi kuma ya taimaka ya juya da sauri.
Fata ta Velociraptor:
A yau, babban muhawara da ta kewaye Velociraptor ita ce yadda ta kasance. An taɓa nuna wannan dinosaur tare da fata mai tsada, amma a cikin recentan lokutan nan ana cikin yanayin an nuna shi da kyawawan launuka, masu laushi, da fuka-fuka mai launi.
A cikin sanannen kasusuwa na yau da kullun, ana yarda da tushen dangantakar dromaeosaurids, wanda ya haɗa da velociraptor, da tsuntsaye.
A 2007, da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar binciken fata sun ba da rahoton ganowa a cikin samfurin Velociraptor na tubercles akan ƙashin ulnar, wanda aka fassara a matsayin abin da aka makala a cikin gashin fuka-fukan. Tsuntsayen zamani suna da irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin. A cewar masana binciken burbushin halittu, wannan gano yana bamu damar yanke hukuncin cewa velociraptor yana da rushewa.
Kasantuwar gashin fuka-fukan a cikin Velociraptor da kusancin tsuntsaye zasu iya samun bayanai biyu da suka danganci juyin halitta:
1. Yawancin fasalin avian (gami da ƙari) wanda aka lura cikin dromaeosaurids na iya haifar da gado daga magabata na gama gari. Dangane da wannan hasashe, dromaeosaurids da tsuntsaye sunzo ne daga ɗayan rukunin coelurosaurs. An yarda da wannan bayanin gabaɗaya.
2. Dromaeosaurids, gami da velociraptor, sune tsoffin tsuntsayen da suka rasa ikon tashi. Saboda haka, velociraptor bashi da ikon tashi, kamar maciji. Wannan hypothesis ba ya zama sananne tsakanin yawancin masana ilimin ilimin burbushin halitta.
Ah!Velociraptor Mai zafi:
Kafin bincika burbushin farko na Velociraptor, an yi la'akari da dinosaurs jinkirin kuma ba masu fasaha ba. Koyaya, velociraptor ɗan asalin gudu ne. Daga wani kwanton bauna, ya hanzarta zuwa wanda aka cutar. Dabbobin da wani Velociraptor ya kaiwa hari basu da damar samun ceto. Da yake juya wanda aka cutar, velociraptor tayi tsalle a bayanta tayi kokarin toshe hakora a wuya, a fili taji ko cizo gwanayen jini. Bayan haka, ya sami raunuka na mutum da dunƙule, yana buɗe naman. Dogon wutsiya ya taimaka wurin daidaitawa.
Akwai sigar da velociraptors, kamar danginsu deinonychus, farauta cikin kungiyoyi. Amma ba kamar su ba, har yanzu ba'a gano kaburbura masu aikin velociraptors ba. Saboda haka, a faɗi cewa Velociraptors farauta a fakitoci ba zai yiwu ba tukuna.
Mafarauci da wanda aka azabtar:
| Velociraptor da protoceratops suna daya daga cikin yanayin “mafarauci da ganima” tsakanin dinosaur. A shekara ta 1971, masana kimiyyar binciken burbushin halitta dake aiki a jejin Gobi sun kasance sa'a. Sun sami kwarangwal din dinosaur guda biyu - velociraptor da ka'idoji - mai cinyewa da kayan abincinsa, sun dace da juna. |
