Saker Falcon. Dangane da tsiro da nauyi, yana tsakanin peregrine falcon da gyrfalcon: nauyi shine 800-1100 gram, tsawonsa shine 42-60 santimita, fuka-fukan shine 105-130 santimita. Yanki a kudu na Turai da Asiya. A cikin ƙasarmu, kewayon ya ƙunshi kudancin ɓangaren Turai, Kazakhstan, Asiya ta Tsakiya, kudu maso yamma da Tsakiyar Siberiya, Altai da Transbaikalia. Koyaya, babu wani ci gaba da zaunar da wannan yanki mai girma. Ileraƙwalwa suna haɗuwa ta hanyar kai tsaye. A bayyanar, yana da matukar kama da sifar peregrine falcon. Mafi yawan lokuta suna zaune a gefen kudu na gandun daji yankin da gandun daji-steppe. Tana shirya sauƙaƙan gida tsakanin manyan duwatsun, zaɓi ɓangaren dutse, bankunan kogin ruwa, da dai sauransu Kamar 'yan uwanta, saker ba ta dame kanta da al'amuran ginin ba, amma kawai ta mallaki wasu shinge na gari. A cikin ɓoye akwai kullun 4, amma akwai kuma 2 da 6. llsaƙar ƙwallon ƙafa ana fentin su cikin launin ruwan kasa mai haske, launuka na ocher tare da launin ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi. Qwai na peregrine falcon da gyrfalcon suna da kama da juna a launi, inda kuma ake haɗa launin ruwan hoda, launin shuɗi, launin toka. A kan gaba ɗaya gaba ɗaya, aibanan duhu mai kama da na sikila mara kyau da girma dabam. Matan saker na kama da kwanaki 28-30. Namiji yana kan tsaro. Shine mai daukar nauyin budurwarsa, sannan kuma ya taimaka mata ta ciyar da masu sihiri, wadanda basa korafi game da ci. Tare da kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki, suna girma ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, kuma har zuwa shekara daya da rabi sun bar gidan mahaifinsu.

Shin muna da wadatar kayan halitta na akasin haka? Aƙalla sama da nau'i-nau'i 1000 a cikin kewayon. Oksky Reserve ya ƙunshi rukuni na Saker Falcons: An yi nazarin ilimin halittar yaduwar halittar, an ƙera kiwo. A cikin 1984, an samo zuriya kuma aka haɓaka - falmo 10.

Shin falcancity suna rayuwa koyaushe a wuraren da suke kiwo kuma suna ciyar da zuriyarsu? Daga cikin kwakwalwar mu, grfalcons sun fi jure yanayin sanyi da yanayin yanayi. Wasu daga cikinsu suna hibernate a cikin wurin da suke kiwo, amma wasu daga cikin tsuntsayen sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudu. Dogayen tashi da tashi da saukar jiragen sama ba na likitan mata bane. Me game da peconrine falcon? Mai karatu ya tuna cewa wannan tsuntsu kusan a duniya yake. Tafiye-tafiyenta ya dogara da wurin zama. Peungiyarmu ta arewacin peregrine falcons, tun da tayi offspringa offspringan zuriya, tafi hunturu a kudancin ƙasar (ba shakka, tare da zuriya). Peregrine falcons, rajista a kudu, suna jagorancin salon rayuwa mai tsayi. Amma a cikin neman abinci ko kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar dalilai daban-daban na anthropogenic, suna iya yin ƙaura zuwa ƙawancen kusa da nesa mai nisa.

Saker Falcon winters a Gabashin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Asia.

Desert Falcon, ko Shahin

Desert falcon, ko shahin. An rarraba shi daga Arewacin Afirka zuwa gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma na PRC da yamma na MPR, a cikin USSR - a tsakiyar Asiya, inda yake da wuya sosai cikin nau'i-nau'i ko mara aure. Adadin wadannan tsuntsayen a kasarmu bai wuce nau'i biyu ba.

Shahin

Falco tsarinnan (Temminck, 1829)

• Falco peregrinus babylonicus Scarter, 1861
• Falco pelegrinoides tscherniaievi Severtzov, 1873
• Falco pelegrinoides gobicus Stegmann, 1934

Shahin, ko ja-kai peregrine falcon , kwararowar hamada (lat. Falco pelegrinoides) - wani nau'in tsuntsayen da ke jikin halittun falsafan.

Bayanin

A bayyanar da halaye tana kama da falcon peregrine, amma kaɗan karami, saman ya fi sauƙi, ƙasan ya cika da ƙarancin ci gaba, akwai alamun haske mai haske a saman da bayan kai. Tsawon Jiki 33-39 cm Mata sun fi maza girma. Tsawon reshe na maza shine 274-302, mace sune 315-332 mm. Yawan nauyin namiji ya kasance daga 330 g, mace tana kimanin 500 g (matsakaicin nauyin da ke rubuce shine 750 g). Gashin fuka-fuki yakai cm 8-98. Koma bayan manya yana da launin toka-toka tare da ƙarin ko lessasawa daskararru na gashin fuka-fukin, ƙasan yana da ja da ɗan ciwan wuya mai rauni. Matasa daga sama tare da kai ko orasa da launin shuɗi, tare da shinge fuka-fukan fuka-fuka, daga ƙasa su ne masu launin shuɗi-mai launin launin shuɗi tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi mara launi na tarnaƙi.

Rarraba

An rarraba shi a cikin hamada da busassun ƙafa (har zuwa 1500 m) na Arewacin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Larabawa, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Indiya (Kashmir), Tsakiyar Asiya, a tsaunuka da ƙafafun kudu da kudu maso Kazakhstan daga Talas Alatau zuwa Tarbagatai ko ma Kudancin Altai. Wataƙila yana zaune ne da manyan kyaututtuka a Kyzylkum, gabar yamma ta tekun Aral da Ustyurt Chinki. A kan ƙaura da kuma lokacin hunturu yana faruwa sosai, yana ɗaukar hankali zuwa kwarin koguna da ƙauyukan ɗan adam a cikin matattarar ƙafar.

RED-kai kansa FALCON

Sunaye daban na wannan tsuntsu tare gaba daya sunada cikakken bayanin shi. Sunan "shahin" yana nufin tarihin falconry, "ja-head" - yana bayanin launi, amma "yashe", hakika, yana nufin mazaunin.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan nau'in falcon ba ana kiransa da hannun daman-dama ba: akwai nau'ikan da ke tsakanin falno wadanda zasu iya yin fahariya da wani farin ja, alal misali, fallancin Rum. Tufafin sanannen shahin yana dacewa da darajar silifarta - babu wani abu mai haske: haske, smoky-plumage mai walƙiya mai haske mai launin launin fata (sau da yawa kawai tsakanin ƙyallen kafaɗa da kafadu), gashin fuka-fukan a goshi, kambi, wuƙa, shuɗi mai haske, shima shadda mai mutunci. A cikin launi iri ɗaya ɗaya, gashin fuka-fukan an ɗaure da ƙananan fenti. Za'a iya lura da ƙarin launin shuɗi sabon ruwan ɗumi a cikin tsuntsayen samari, waɗanda kuma ana rarrabe su da wutsiyar wutsiya tare da fure mai ƙyalli da raunin madaidaiciya a cikin ciki. Tsuntsaye manya da matasa suna da abin da ake kira mustaches, amma da alama suna ƙanƙanuwa a tsakanin kananan tsuntsayen.

KYAUTA FALCON

Tabbas, shahin ya fi son wuraren hamada da Tsakiyar Asiya. Jinsi a cikin Turkmenistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Indiya da Arewacin Afirka. Ana shirya mazaunin a kan ganimar dutse ko cikin tuddai na tuddai, koyaushe a wuraren da ba a isa ba. Daga misalin Agusta zuwa Maris, tsuntsayen suna zama a filayen, inda a lokacin bazara suke yin saukar jiragen sama kawai.

YANZU NA GOMA

Wasannin aure da kuma mating suna faruwa ne a farkon Afrilu, kuma a farkon watan Mayu, Shahin mace tana shirye don fara kwanciya. Hatching yana farawa tare da kwai na biyu, kuma a cikin duka akwai har zuwa uku. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, akwai kajin guda biyu a cikin tsintsiya, mara galihu daya kuma, a lokuta na musamman, uku. Tsakanin tsakiyar watan Yuni, kajin sun fara bada jingina, bayan wata daya sun riga sunsan tashi, kuma daga tsakiyar watan Agusta sun sami 'yanci gaba daya. Iyaye suna kula da yaransu girma na ɗan lokaci, suna koya musu hikimar farauta, sannan kuma, duk lokacin da samarin suka bar su, suna zama tare - shahin suna kiyaye nau'i biyu duk shekara. Idan 'yan falkanci matasa basa fadawa masu fada da karfi - kuma wannan murar tsuntsaye ce, goshawk, mikiya na zinari, to bazara mai zuwa su da kansu zasu yi kiwo.

SADAUKAR HAKA

Hanyar halayyar farautar shahin, da kuma wasu nau'in tsuntsayen ganima a yanayi, ana kiransu cin amana. Ya ƙunshi maɓallin dutsen a kan wanda aka azabtar daga babban tsayi. A wannan lokacin, saurin jirgin falcon zai iya wuce 90 m / s!

A bayyane yake cewa, faɗuwa akan wanda aka azabtar dashi a cikin wannan saurin, falcon ɗin kada yayi karo da shi, don kada ya faɗi. Ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa sau da yawa nauyin ganima yana kusa da nauyin hare hare falcon, kuma wani lokacin ma sun wuce shi (duk da haka, shahins ba su da ƙima da ƙananan ƙananan tsuntsaye). Maharmar kuma ba zai iya kama wanda aka azabtar da paws ɗin ba: yana yiwuwa, da farko, lalacewar paws ɗin, kuma abu na biyu, ya rasa ikon tashi. Me falcon keyi? Ya buge tsuntsu kawai da tafin yatsunsa na baya, a kan tangent, amma a irin wannan saurin wannan ya isa wanda ya cutar ta sami rauni sosai ko kawai fada cikin faduwa wanda ba a iya kulawa da shi ba. Bayan harin, falcon ya yi ƙasa da sauri, ya juyo ya dauko ɗan abincin da yake ci a cikin iska, a matsanancin yanayi, ya isa ya riga ya faɗi ƙasa.

LATSA GABA

Theanƙarin tonon falcanal sun ƙyale shi ya fi kyau a riƙe ganima don kawo shi wani wurin da ba zai yiwu ba. Wani lokaci tare da karamin wanda aka kama, wanda aka kama a cikin iska, falconconon ya fito fili akan tashi. Wanne ne daga cikin tsuntsayen suke samun mai farauta mai sauri don abincin rana? A cikin lokacin farauta, waɗannan su ne chamomile, mai cin kudan zuma, ƙwanƙolin hazel, kwalliyar launin toka, jackdaws, ƙwayaye, farin-gurnani mai farin jini har ma da gwaraza. Ragowar lokacin, abincin shahin ya hada da fararen huhun da ke dauke da farin-ruwa, kwararo-kwararo, wazirin huhu, pigeons launin toka, masu zafi, damfara, farin-fika da filayen filayen. Akwai lokatan lokuta yayin da shahins, ke tashi don farauta da maraice, sun yi karo da jemagu, amma wannan ba kowane irin hali bane.

KYAUTA KYAUTA

• Class: tsuntsaye.
• Oda: Falconiformes.
• Iyali: Falcon.
• HALITTA: falcons.
• Nau'in: shahin.
• Sunan Latin: Falco tsarinnan.
• Girma: tsayin jiki daga santimita 33 zuwa 39 cm (mace sun fi maza girma), firam -76-98 cm.
• Weight: namiji - 330 g, mata - kimanin 500 g.
• Launin launi: launin toka a sama, tare da shuɗe-faren fata na gashin fatar alkyabba, m a ƙasa.
• Tsammani na rayuwar shahin: shekaru 15-17.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Gidaje shahin a kan duwatsun, yana jagorantar rayuwa mai tsayi. Yawan tsuntsaye sun ci nasara a cikin abincinsa: larks, stoves, hazel grouse, rami hamada da sauransu. Yawancin lokaci yakan farauta ne a cikin sarari. Lafiyayyun halittu, ilmin rayuwa, da tsarin halayen hamada suna da alaƙa da sihiri na peregrine. Suna kuma kama ganima a cikin iska, sau da yawa a cikin sauri.