Ba tare da wani ƙari ba
Fanaƙƙarfan alade na ƙwayoyin fulawa sun girma
Awanni, sati da kwanaki
Kuma kwakwalwar alade cike take da ramuka.
Sannu abokai! Yau a gare ku ɗan kayan abu game da mafi tsananin alade a duniya.
Babirussa (ko daga wasu yare “alade-deer”) yayi sanyi, amma kuma baƙon 'yar alade ne. Ga maza, ragi na girma ta cikin lebe na sama, wanda, tare da haɓaka, juya da baya sannan kuma ya girma cikin ƙashin gaban goshi, bayan haka faci wani lokacin yakan bushe. Wani zaɓi na yau da kullun, sake juyin halitta mai ban sha'awa. Sakamakon hakoran da ke tsiro a cikin kwanyar, dabbobin sukan mutu sau da sanyin ƙ arfin ƙarfi.
Abokan aikinmu suna zaune a tsibirin soja na Indonesiya da ake kira Sulawesi (sannan galibi a arewacin ƙasar).
Aladu sukan sami damar jurewa daga watanni 10, suna haihuwar cubayoyi 2, yawanci na jinsi ɗaya.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
An ambaci farkon ambaton wannan nau'i mai ban mamaki a cikin 1658, har ma akwai ra'ayi wanda Romawa suka koya game da wanzuwar Babila a cikin karni na 1 AD. Daya daga cikin sunayen zamani na farko da dabbobi suka karba a cikin 1758. An fassara shi daga yaren Malay, kalmar babirusa na nufin alade, amma duk da bambance-bambance masu yawa, babura suna kama da aladu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da sakamakon wasu binciken kimiyya, an tabbatar da cewa wannan rudanin yana da alaƙa da hippos. Har zuwa kwanan nan, an danganta dabbobi ga jinsin mutum ɗaya, amma bayan cikakken nazarin bambance-bambance na bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwanyar, hakora, girma da sutura.
Zoologists gano 4 babban rukuni:
- babyrousa babyrussa. Wannan rukunin dabbobin da aka samo a tsibiran Buru da Sula, Ina da mafi yawan launuka masu haske, fatar bakin ciki, kusan babu gashin gashi,
- babrousa bolabatuensis. Dabbobin da ke rayuwa kawai a kudanci Suffesi Island,
- babrousa bikinia. Su masu cutar Bayels, sun yi fashi a cikin Sulawesi, ban da kudancin tsibirin, suna da fatar fata,
- babrousa togeanensis. Adadin mutanen da ke zaune a kan ƙananan tsibiran tsibiran ƙasar Tobiya.
Bambance-bambance tsakanin mutane da rarrabuwarsu kai tsaye ya dogara da mazaunin ƙasar, salon rayuwarsu da abincinsu, amma, zurfin nazarin babirisu yana raguwar raguwar yawan mutane. Tabbatacce ne sananne cewa ban da jinsunan da suka kasance, akwai wata hanyar talla da ba ta rayu har zuwa wannan lokaci.
Ba kamar dangin aladu ba, jarirai ba su taɓa tono a cikin ƙasa ba, sai don ƙasa mai narkewa, zauna shi kaɗai ko kuma a cikin ƙaramin garken, ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin garken daji.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Aladu na Babiruss
Babban fasali da kuma ingantaccen fasalin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa daga danginsu na aladu baƙaƙen fanke ne. Canines na sama suna girma cikin rayuwa, suna zubewa a gaban hancin. Idan ba sa sawa ko fashewa, yayin yaƙe-yaƙe da wasu mutane, saboda fatar fata, ƙyallen ke tsiro cikin jikinsu, suna haifar da zobe. Irin waɗannan warkoki zasu iya girma zuwa 30-40 cm kuma girma kai tsaye cikin kwanyar.
Ina ne yarinyar take?
Hoto: Babirussa a yanayi
Babirussa sanannen abu ne kuma ɗayan tsofaffin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa a duniya, mazauni ne wanda aka fi maida hankali a kan ƙananan tsibiran Indonesia, wato a tsibiran tsibiran Malay:
A cikin mazaunin halitta, waɗannan dabbobin babu inda za'a samo su. Tarihi ya nuna cewa, masu kare hakkin yara sun rayu a duk tsibirin na Sulawesi, amma har ya zuwa karni na 19 ya bace gaba daya daga kudu maso yammacin tsibirin.
Ba kamar danginsu aladu ba, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba su san yadda za su yi ta tono ƙasa ba don neman tsutsotsi, gwoza da sauran abinci. Sabili da haka, galibi suna zaune kusa da gabar koguna, tafkuna, tare da wuraren ɓarna ko da a cikin tsaunukan kusa da teku, inda za'a iya samun ciyayi mai sauƙi. Kurmin ruwan sama ya zama ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunata kuma gida ne kawai ga masu cutar ta Babi, inda suka tsara yankinsu, kuma a duk ranar suna motsa hanyoyi masu ƙarfi don neman abinci.
'Yan Bahaushiya dabbobi ne masu rauni sosai, saboda haka suna zaune a yankuna marasa' yanci, kuma da farko daga mutane, hawa wuraren da ba a isa zuwa gandun daji ba. Hakanan, ana iya samo wannan dabbar a zaman talala, a cikin gidan dabbobi na duniya, inda suke ƙoƙarin kula da haɓaka yawan ɗumbin wannan tsararren tsalle-tsalle.
Yanzu kun san inda dabba dabba take. Bari mu ga abin da wannan naman alade ke ci.
Menene babirussa yake ci?
Hoto: Dabbobin Babirussa
Cutar ciki da narkewa ta yara sun fi kama da jikin tumaki da sauran dabbobin da ke taunawa kamar aladu. Dabbobi suna shan fiber da kyau, don haka babban abincin su shine tsire-tsire mai ganye da harbe-tsire na bishiyoyi, yayin da zasu iya tsayawa akan kafafunsu na baya, suna isa ganye wanda ke girma a kan bishiyoyi.
Waɗannan omnivores ne waɗanda, ban da ganye da ciyawa masu kyau, na iya ci:
Amma domin yin liyafa akan larva na kwari mai gina jiki ko tushen tsiro, basa amfani da kyankyaso da jijiyoyi, kamar aladu na yau da kullun, amma suna haƙa komai da taimakon ƙarfin hooves. Duk da girman su, 'yan kwaya masu kifayen masu iyo, suna farin cikin nutsuwa da kansu cikin ruwa, suna iya iyo ruwa gabadaya, tare da sauƙaƙan halin yanzu mai ƙarfi, jin daɗin kifin ko ma dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yawancin mutane suna rayuwa koyaushe a gabar tekun, suna samun duk abin da suke buƙata don abincinsu a ƙasan tekun, a ƙarshen tudu.
Piganannun alade suna ciyar da madara nono na tsawon shekaru bakwai, watanni takwas, amma a lokacin kwana 10 ke faɗaɗa abincinsu da abinci mai ƙarfi. A wuraren kiwon dabbobi, abincin dabbobi ya hada da ciyawa, ciyawa, letas, karas, mangoes da sauran kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Alade na kwari Babirussa
Sakamakon raguwa cikin hanzari a cikin yawan masu cutar, ba a san yanayin rayuwar da halayensu. Dabbobi suna zaɓar mahalli mazauni, don kariyar kansu, suna iya hutawa da kwanto a cikin duwatsun kullun.
Mutane daban-daban suna zaune shi kaɗai, rayuwa guda, mace zata iya haɗuwa cikin ƙananan rukuni waɗanda suka haɗa da samari matasa. Babban aikinsu ana lura dashi yayin rana, kamar dukkan aladu, suna son yin birgima a cikin ruwa, saboda haka suna kawar da fata na fata, duk da haka, ba kamar aladu ba, ba sa son yin tarko a cikin laka ko yin nasu gado na ciyawa, amma zaɓi ɗakunan ajiya mai tsabta ko wuraren buɗewa .
Maza 'yan Izzara suna huɗa yashi mai laushi, don wannan sai su durƙusa suna tura kawunansu gaba, suna haifar da zurfin huɗa, a cikin wannan lokacin suna yin snort da haɓaka, suna nuna ƙwayar ƙurajewar ƙura. Yawancin masana ilimin dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa wannan shine yadda namiji ke yin ayyukan alamar alama mai ƙanshi, amma babu takamaiman ra'ayi da mahaɗa ɗaya.
Duk da duk haɗarin da ke tattare da mutane, babura suna da halin abokantaka, suna sa tuntuɓe cikin sauƙi, kuma suna haɗuwa da sauri. Rayuwa wani lokaci a zaman talala, dabbobi na iya nuna farinciki da annashuwa, a gaban mutane sanannu, wagging cute wutsiya da kai. Duk wannan ya siffanta masu cutar dabbobi a matsayin dabbobi masu hankali da kulawa. Wadannan dabbobin da ke da kyakkyawar dabi'a za su iya nuna zalunci a cikin 'yan lokuta, idan maza suka yi gwagwarmaya wa mace kuma yayin kare jariransu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kodan Babirisa
Rage raguwar yawan wannan nau'in dabbobi shine da farko saboda ƙarancin zuriyar. Mace tana da glandar mammary guda biyu kawai, watau nono biyu. A wani lokaci, zata iya haihuwa da fiye da biyu ba 'yan biyu ba, waɗanda koyaushe suna haihuwar jinsi ɗaya, wannan shine mafi mahimmancin halayen fasalin yara daga dangin aladu.
Balagagge a cikin naman alade yakan faru da sauri, a watanni 10. Lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin ya faɗi daga Janairu zuwa Agusta, lokacin da faɗa tsakanin abokan hamayya suka faru, wanda ya ƙare a matse. Cutar ciki a cikin mace yana kimanin watanni 5. Irusan jarirai ba su da wata madaidaicin kariya ko garkuwar jikinsu, wanda zai iya zama mawuyacin farauta ga mafarauta. Yarinyar mace ta bayyana kanta a matsayinta na mace mai alhakin da kulawa, tare da kare hawayenta daga duk wani hatsari, idan ana cikin damuwa, za ta iya tursasawa ko da mutum.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban fa'idar wannan nau'in ita ce juriya da cututtuka da yawa masu ƙarfi, rigakafin asali, waɗanda aladu na yau da kullun ba za su yi alfahari da su ba. Duk da rashin daidaituwa, kiwon su ba shi da tsada sosai, saboda ƙarancin offspringan.
Tsawon rayuwar waɗannan mutanen na iya zama tsawon lokaci kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru 20 zuwa 25, amma wannan mai yiwuwa ne a cikin zaman talala, tare da kulawa da abinci mai kyau. A cikin mazaunin halitta, saboda yawan hare-haren da masu farauta da masu farauta ke da shi, dabbobi suna rayuwa har kusan shekaru 10.
Maƙiyi na ƙabilar Babirisa
Hoto: Aladu na Babiruss
Mazan manya suna da kyakkyawar ji da fara'a, wanda hakan zai basu damar samun nasarar tserewa daga duk wata barazanar, amma kamar yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa, masu cutar dabbobi suna da magabtansu. Kusan duk masu farauta da ke zaune a wannan yankin ana iya danganarsu ga abokan gaba. Mafi sau da yawa, faɗa tsakanin alade na iya faruwa tare da damisa, da kuma sauran wakilan dangin dangin goro, tunda ga waɗannan manyan masu farauta, babu wani abin da ya fi ƙoshin lafiya fiye da abincin naman da ke cin abinci na babirussa.
Babu ƙarancin haɗari ga kowace dabba, musamman, da babirusa, matattari ne. Suna zaune cikin ruwa da yankin bakin teku, suna da kyakkyawar amsawa, don haka karnuka sukan kama duk wani abincin da ya kusanci ruwa. Lura da ƙananan girma da na bakin ciki na jarirusa, ya zama mai sauƙi da rayuwa ga irin wannan giant ɗin. Smallanana da matasa mutane, Pythons da za su iya kai hari ga ƙasa da ruwa suna da babban haɗari. Shan siginan zoben da damfara abincinta, Python na iya hadiye babban mutum.
Koyaya, bisa ga yawancin likitocin dabbobi, 'yan matan aure suna rayuwa a cikin wurin da manyan dabbobin dabbobi basa halarta. Babban abokin gaba na jinsin ya kasance mutum, yana hana dabbobi da mazauninsu na asali, suna kashe dabbobi masu haɗarin da kansu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Sakamakon raguwa a cikin kullun, da kuma farautar farauta tun daga 90s, yawan jama'a sun hauhawa kuma suna raguwa kowace rana. Duk da irin abubuwan da aka hana, mazauna karkara suna ci gaba da farautar wannan nau'in halittar da ba kasafai ba, suna amfani da mafi munin hanyoyin farauta, tuki karnuka, tsoratar da dabbobi cikin tarko da kisan gilla. An yaba wa naman da ya kamu da cutar ta musamman saboda ƙwarewarsa da kuma kayan abinci. Kuma rawanin dabba suna zama tushen kowane irin kayan fasaha da abubuwan tunawa.
Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin marayun:
- isasshen iko a kan bautar,
- yawan tsibiran
- gandun daji.
Dangane da irin wannan ƙididdigar ba ta ta'aziya, a yanzu akwai kusan dabbobi 4,000 da suka rage. Akwai shirye-shiryen kiwo da yawa a cikin duniya don ƙara yawan adadin waɗannan aladu na daji da ke bauta tare da hana lalata su gaba ɗaya. A yawancin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, yana da nasara sosai ba kawai don kula da kulawa da kyau ba, har ma don haifan zuriya da tuni an kwashe su. Dangane da bayanan tarihi, 'Ya'yan fari na zaman talala an buge su a cikin Paris a 1884. A Tsakanin shekarun 90s, 'yan-mata sun zama mazauna kusan gidajen dabbobi 30 a duniya, tare da matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa na shekaru 20 cikin yanayin wucin gadi. Daga abin da za mu iya yanke shawara cewa dabba tana da kyau tare da mutane kuma tana jin daɗin gamsuwa.
Tsaro Babura
HOTO: Babirussa daga Littafin Layi
Babirussa shine mafi tsufa, dabbobi masu saurin mutuwa cikin jeri cikin Red Book. An dauki iko a kan yawan jama'a a karkashin kariyar kungiyoyin kasa da kasa wadanda ke kokarin aiwatar da wasu matakan muhalli da ke ba da gudummawar wajen kubutar da wannan nau'in.
An keɓe wani yanki na musamman don gwamnati, duk da haka, saboda rashin yankin da kuma rashin saka hannun jari, yana da matukar wuya a tallafa wa irin waɗannan ayyukan. Duk da duk kokarin da kariya daga Gwamnatin Indonesia da kuma kan iko daga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kisan ba da izini da kama dabbobi ba ya hana.
Idan a nan gaba, yanki na wuraren shakatawa na kasa ba zai kasance a ƙarƙashin tsayayyen iko da kariya daga masu bautar ba, yana samar da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau na waɗannan dabbobin na musamman, tsawon shekaru goma, wannan nau'in na iya ɓacewa gaba ɗayan tsibirin mazaunan zama.
Babirisa - daya daga cikin tsoffin dabbobi da suka rayu har wa yau, masu mallaki mai taushi, bautar da danginsu har ma da mutanen da suka yiwa 'yan matan rai rai saboda bauta. Koyaya, ya zama daidai saboda mutane cewa akwai haɗarin haɗarin bacewar su gabaɗaya. Saboda haka, da yawa ya dogara da kanmu da kuma halinmu ga yanayi. Wannan dabba ta taɓa jawo hankalin musamman ga mutum, wani ya yaba da su, inda ya ambata a cikin littattafansa da labarunsa, kamar yadda Jules Verne ya yi, a cikin littafinsa na “Dubu Dubu Dubu 20 a ƙarƙashin teku,” yayin da wani ke farauta don riba ko kawai da ganima.