Ba abin mamaki ba ne sanannen karin magana ya ce: ba tare da sanin abin da ke son buɗe ba, kada ku shiga cikin ruwa. Babban halin bai bi wannan shawarar ba, wanda ya biya mai nauyi sosai.

Wani meteorite ya fadi a cikin wani daji kusa da garin Wilsi na lardin. Bayan wani lokaci, ɗayan --an garin - Grant, ya haɗu da wani baƙin baƙon dutse. Yayinda mutumin yayi la'akari da binciken, wata halitta tayi biris daga can kuma, a cikin ƙiftawar ido, ya zauna a kirjin gwarzo.

Kyauta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani baƙon halitta ya fara canzawa. Jikinsa yana ɗaukar wasu siffofin, kuma jinkiri, kusan yunƙurin ɗanɗanawa yana ƙuntata masa mahaukaci. Amma tsarin rayuwar da baya wucewa yana da nasa tsare-tsaren Grant.

Yanzu babban halin, sarrafawa daga ciki ta hanyar baƙon halitta, yana shirin cutar da duk gundumar. Wanda aka kashen na farko na iya zama matar Grant. Amma sheriff na gida, da ake zargin akwai wani abu mai sassauci, ya fara bincike. Yanzu a hannunsa akwai rayuwa da yawa. Amma akwai wata hanyar da za a iya kawar da mai wuce gona da iri? Kalli fim din '' Slug '' kyauta a 2006 cikin inganci.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Slugs suna cikin babban rukuni na dabbobi - gastropods. An kiyasta cewa akwai nau'ikan mollusks 100,000, kuma, ban da na mollusks na gastropod, duk sauran azuzuwan mazaunan ruwa ne. Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan su sune marine gastropods, kamar su marine slugs.

Wani zamewar tuffa itace matattakalar katsewar katako wanda da gaske ya fito daga katantanwa. Har ya zuwa yau, galibin majiyoyin suna da ragowar wannan harsashi, wanda ake kira "shimfiɗar shimfiɗa," wanda yawanci shine na ciki. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da karamin harsashi na waje.

Bidiyo: slug

Rashin kwasfa yana iya zama kamar motsin hanyar juzu'i mara hankali, kamar yadda ya samar da wasu matakan kariya, amma raunin ya kasance da dabara mai kyau. Ka gani, a yanzu zai iya jujjuyawa cikin sarari tsakanin ƙasa - kusan abu mai wuya ne yayin ɗaukar babban harsashi a bayan sa. Wannan yana buɗe sabuwar duniya ta ƙasa don tarkon ƙaƙƙarfan rayuwa a ciki, duniya amintacciya daga yawancin magabatan ƙasa da har yanzu ke farautar katantanwa.

Slarfin ƙahon yana motsawa ta amfani da wata "kafa na muscle," kuma tunda yana da laushi kuma ƙasa ba ta da ƙarfi, yakan saki gamsai a ciki wanda yake birgima. Wannan gamsai yana maganin hygroscopic, wato, yana ɗaukar danshi kuma ya zama mafi inganci. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa slugs suka fi son yanayin danshi, da bukatar samar da matsanancin iska a cikin busasshiyar yanayi na iya haifar da bushewa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hanyoyin mucous slug sune sassaucin dabara. Slarfin hular yana rasa ruwa a cikin hancinsa, wanda ke iyakance ayyukanta a ranakun sanyi, rigar dare ko ranakun ruwa, amma saƙar da mahaifa ta haifar wanda zai iya zama dole don shawo kan gobara.

Dole ne matsananciyar silsila su kasance cikin danshi, in ba haka ba za su bushe da ruwa su mutu. Wannan wani dalili ne da ya sa suka fi ƙarfin yanayin rigar. Wannan kuma ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba su saba ba - don guje wa zafin rana. Ba kamar katantanwa, slugs basu da harsashi. Duk jikinsu ƙaƙƙarfa ne, ƙafar tsoka, an rufe shi da gamsai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe motsi a ƙasa kuma yana hana raunin da ya faru. Slugs na iya amintar da tsaunuka cikin duwatsu da sauran abubuwa masu kaifi, gami da ruwan reza.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Menene kamannin tsallewar

Slugs na iya zama santsi, amma wani lokacin magana ce kawai - wasu suna rufe da laushin laushi. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'in shine tsintsar-shinggehog, tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki. Arfin ƙawancen yana iya fitar da jikinsa a tsaye kuma ya tsawanta sau 20 lokacin da yake buƙatar shigar da ƙananan ramuka.

Slarfin ƙaho yana da nau'i biyu daga ramukarori masu hutu a saman kai (ana iya gajarta su). Abubuwan da aka sanya idanu a ido suna a saman shinge masu tsawo. Halin taɓawa da wari suna kasancewa akan gajerun tanti. Kowace tanti da ta ɓace ana iya dawo da ita. Slug yana da huhu ɗaya kawai. Wannan kankanin rami ne a gefen dama na jiki. Baya ga huhun, raunin ya na iya yin numfashi ta fatar. Akwai kusan nau'ikan slugs daban-daban masu girma dabam daban daban, siffofi da launuka.

Bakwai mafi mashahuri suna da bayyanar masu zuwa:

• babban yanki mai launin toka ko damisa Limax Maximus yana da girma sosai, har zuwa cm 20. Yana da tabarau iri iri na launin toka, mai shinge mara nauyi. Ya tashi alkyabbar,
• babban falo mai launin fata Arion Ater shima manya-manyan ne, har zuwa cm 15. launin ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa zuwa orange mai haske,
• Budapest slug Tandonia budapestensis ƙananan, har zuwa cm 6. Launi ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka, keel mai tsawo tare da bayanan yawanci ya fi haske fiye da sauran jikin,
• launin rawaya na Limax flavus na matsakaici na matsakaici, har zuwa cm 9. Rawaya ko kore a gaba ɗaya, tare da mai ƙyalli mai launin toka mai launin shuɗi,
• shimfidar lambun Arion Gortenis karami ne, har zuwa cm 4. Yana da launin shuɗi-baki, ƙafar ƙafa da gamsai mai ruwan shuɗi-orange,
• launin toka na filin launin toka na Deroceras reticulatum ƙaramin ne, har zuwa cm 5. launi ya bambanta daga kirim mai launin fata zuwa launin toka mai kazanta, raunin numfashi yana da kyan gani,
• matsakaiciyar tuffa Testacella matsakaici matsakaici, har zuwa cm 8. Launi - rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Mai ba da labari a kai sama da wutsiya, tare da ƙaramin harsashi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da gaskiyar cewa slugs suna da taushi, suna da hakora masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Kowannensu yana da rami na baka wanda ya ƙunshi kusan ƙananan 100,000 hakora akan tef radula ko harshe.

Gini

Jikin matatun ƙasa yana da tsawo sosai, amma yana da ikon canza fasalin saboda ƙanƙan tsoka. A waje, slugs suna da daidaituwa biyu. Kawai budewar hanji mara kan gado da ke gefen dama ya keta ta. Cikakken fata na fata yana keɓance ɗimbin yawa daga gamsai, wanda ke hana bushewar mahallin, yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun haske a farfajiya, har ila yau, yana kange maɓarnata.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan ciki, ana rarrabe bangarori uku a jikin matattarar: kai, kafa da taro na visceral. Na karshen, in babu harsashi, ba ya samar jakar cikikuma ya fashe a gefen kafafun kafa ba labari (lat. ba labari - baya). A kan kai akwai shinge masu ƙawance (guda ɗaya ko biyu), wanda akan sami gabobin gabbai (idanu masu haɓaka, gabobin jijiyar damuwa da sinadarai). Koma bayan kai a gefen bangon ya kasance katon tare da budewar huhun ciki wanda baya gama aiki (pneumostom) kai wa ga gurguwar katako, wanda yake aiki kamar huhu. An buɗe murfin kusa da pneumostom.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa suna halin hermaphroditism (wani lokacin jerin) kuma hadi-gwaiwa.

A ina ƙaƙƙarfan mazaunin yake?

Hoto: Zuriyar rawaya

Slugs ya kamata zauna a cikin m, duhu mazauna ko gidaje. Jikinsu suna jika, amma suna iya bushewa idan basu da mazauninsu. A mafi yawan lokuta ana samun cunkoso a wuraren da mutane suka kirkira, kamar su lambuna da rumfa. Ana iya same su a ko'ina cikin duniya idan mazauninsu rigar sanyi ce.

Wataƙila kun fi sanin nau'ikan jeji da katantanwa, amma gastropods sun haɗu don mamaye yawancin wuraren rayuwa na duniya - daga gandun daji zuwa hamada da kuma daga manyan tsaunuka zuwa koguna mai zurfi.

Biritaniya gida ce ga mafi girman tsalle-tsallen duniya - Limax cinereoniger. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji na kudanci da yammacin, ya kai 30 cm lokacin da ya girma sosai. Kimanin nau'ikan tsummoki 30 suna zaune a Biritaniya, kuma sabanin akidar mashahuri, yawancinsu suna haifar da littlearancin lahani a gonar. Wasun su ma suna da amfani, saboda suna ciyar da tumatir ne kawai. Akwai nau'ikan halittu huɗu ne kawai waɗanda ke yin duk lalacewa, saboda haka yana da kyau koya koya gane waɗannan slan kaxan marasa kyau.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba kamar katantanwa, tarkokin ba sa rayuwa cikin ruwa mai ɗosai. Bakin teku masu zurfi suka ci gaba daban, suma kuma sun rasa madafun ikonsu.

Wasu nau'in, kamar rarar filin, suna zama a farfajiya, suna ta zagawa cikin tsirrai. Wasu kuma, kamar su tarkacen lambun, suma suna kai hari a karkashin kasa, musamman dankali da kwararan fitila.

Wani kash 95% na tarkace a gonar suna rayuwa nesa ba kusa ba, a kowane lokaci, wanda shine dalilinda yasa cikakkiyar hanyoyin kula da keɓaɓɓun hanyoyin sarrafa ciyayi ke samun saurin shahara tsakanin yan lambu. Typeaya daga cikin nau'in nematode wani abu ne mai laushi na halitta, wanda kuma yana zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Lafiyar Qasa

Wataƙila, saboda rashin ingantattun na'urori masu inganci don hana bushewar ruwa, slugs suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙanƙanyan biotopes, kamar, alal misali, zuriyar gandun daji. A cikin yanayin halittun da ke wurin, suna taka rawar gani, suna cin ganyayyaki da suka fadi, sassan da ba a jera su daga tsirrai masu rai ba, har da fungi (gami da wadancan guba ga sauran kwayoyin). Wakilan wasu nau'ikan halittar karnukan tsuntsaye ne da magudanan dabbobi da suke cinye bishiyar rayuwa mai ƙima (alal misali, sauran mollusks na gabobin ƙasa) da gawawwakinsu.

Slugs suna da cikakken tsari na abokan gaba, gami da mafarauta. Yawancin dabbobi masu cin naman dabbobi suna ciyar da su, kodayake, babu takamaiman “masu cin zalin” a tsakanin su. Daga tarkokin dabbobi masu shayarwa, shinge-jeji, moles, sharu da wasu jijiyoyi-kamar jijiyoyi da son rai, daga tsuntsaye - rooks, jackdaws, starlings da wasu gulls, kuma daga tsuntsayen gida - kaji da ducks. Hakanan an saka slugs a cikin abincin yawancin frogs, toads, salamanders, lizards da macizai.

Tsakanin kwari marasa kwari, kwari da yawa suna ciyarwa akan tarko. Musamman mai yawa daga gare su a cikin beetles-ƙasa beetles (Carabidae).

Slugs su ne masu masauki (na zaɓi, na tsaka-tsaki ko na farko) saboda yawancin parasites. Don haka, a cikin narkewa na hanta, hanta ko koda na wasu maɗaukakkun abubuwa, an samo nau'ikan ciliates da coccidia.

Yawancin gumakan suna tsaka-tsakin runduna na ɗumbin yawa na diagenetic flukes, tapeworms, roundworms, da sauransu, waɗanda a cikin tsohuwar jihar suna yin la’akari da dabbobi da dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin gida.

Darajar tattalin arziki

Slugs cutar da dankalin turawa, tubers da ganye, farin kabeji da farin kabeji, letas, daban-daban tushen amfanin gona (foliage da tushen amfanin gona protruding daga ƙasa), seedlings da matasa harbe da yawa kayan lambu, wake da Peas, strawberries, cucumbers da tumatir, kazalika da Citrus da inabi. Suna haifar da ƙarancin lahani ga kabeji ja, faski, tafarnuwa, albasa, ganyen ripening cucumbers da strawberries. Suna haifar da lalacewa musamman ga alkama lokacin hunturu da hatsin rai, suna cin sabon hatsin da aka shuka da ƙwayayensu. Zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙwaya, hatsi da sha'ir suna wahala daga matsewar, a kusan ba sa taɓa alkama na bazara, flax da buckwheat. Crawling daga wannan shuka zuwa wani, slugs suna ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar cututtukan fungal da cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin albarkatu - tabin kabeji, mildew na wake na Lima, da kuma ƙarshen dankali. Wadannan cututtuka na iya haifar da asara ga gida ba ƙasa, kuma sau da yawa fiye da, fiye da ayyukan cutarwa na kai tsaye.

Me slug yake ci?

Hoto: Nunin faifai a gonar

Slugs suna ko'ina, ma'anar cewa suna ciyar da tsirrai da dabbobi. Maƙasassu ba na daula ba kuma za su ci kusan komai. Slugs suna taimakawa wajen rushe abubuwa yayin da suka ci abinci suka mayar da shi gona.

Suna cin ganyayen ganye, dabbobi masu mutu, da kusan duk abin da suke samu a duniya. Slugs suna da matukar muhimmanci ga yanayi saboda suna lalata abubuwan gina jiki idan suka ci su kuma idan suka dawo dasu cikin muhalli, wanda yake taimakawa sosai wajen samar da kasa mai lafiya.

Ugwanƙwasawa yana cinye mafi yawan lokacinsa cikin layu mai laushi. Ya bayyana da dare don ciyar da ganye, tsiro iri, Tushen da ciyawar ƙazanta. Wasu nau'ikan slugs suna carnivorous. Suna ciyar da abinci a kan sauran tarkunan da kuma ciyawar duniya.

Abubuwan kwance a cikin ƙananan ƙananan katako na katako na huhun fata suna da taushi, jikin mucous kuma galibi ana iyakance su ga wuraren zama a cikin ƙasa (an san nau'ikan ruwa mai ruwa). Wasu nau'ikan slugs suna lalata lambuna. A cikin yankuna masu zafin rai, talakawa na huhun katako daga iyalan gandun daji, limacids da filomycids suna ciyar da namomin kaza da ganyayen lalata. An sami tarkace na dangin Veronicelid na herbivorous a cikin wurare masu zafi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsinkayen da ke ciyar da sauran katantanwa da huhunan ƙasa sun haɗa da ƙusoshin daga Turai.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa

Tashin teku Elysia chlorotica yana magance alloroplasts na algal Liturea na Vaucheria cikin sel na narkewa. Chloroplasts sun sami damar daukar hoto a jikin mutum har tsawon watanni, wanda hakan zai ba da damar zub da jini daga daukar hoto. Kirjin halittar jikin mutum mai dauke da wasu nau'ikan furotin da ake bukata daga chloroplasts don daukar hoto.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Blue Slug

Slugs suna dacewa da rayuwa akan ƙasa da teku. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin halittu na yau da kullun, suna cire mutu, lalata abubuwa, kuma suna matsayin abinci mai mahimmanci ga nau'ikan dabbobi. A wurare da yawa, ana rarrabe matattaran azaman kwari saboda suna iya yin illa ga tsirrai da gonakin lambu.

Shasshafa wani sabon abu ne wanda ba sabon abu bane, ba ruwa bane ko kuma mai kauri. Zai yi wuya lokacin da hutun ya huta, amma lokacin da aka matse shi - a wasu kalmomin, lokacin da zaman diƙar ya fara motsawa. Slug yana amfani da sinadarai a cikin gam don gano hanyar sa ta zuwa gida (waƙar siriri yana sauƙaƙe kewayawa). Daskararre gamsai yana barin alamar azurfa. Slug yana hana yanayi mai zafi saboda sauƙin rasa ruwan daga jiki. Yana da yafi aiki a cikin bazara da kaka.

Maƙeran kan iska suna yawo a wurare da yawa, gami da duwatsu, datti, da katako, amma sun gwammace su zauna da tafiya a wurare masu laima don kare kansu. Gefen ɗigon da tsintsayen ke taimaka musu su hau a tsaye da kuma daidaita daidaituwa. Yunkurin tatsunyar ya kasance mai rauni kuma a hankali, yayin da suke aiki tare da tsokoki a cikin bangarori daban-daban kuma suna haifar da gamsai.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Babban Zato

Slugs sune hermaphrodites. Suna da gabobin maza da mata. Za a iya fitar da tugar ɗin tare da kanta idan ya cancanta, kuma duka biyun za su iya samar da tarin ƙwayoyin lu'u-lu'u. Yarinyar yana sanya ƙwai 20 zuwa 100 a saman ƙasa (yawanci a ƙarƙashin ganyayyakin) sau biyu a shekara. Guda ɗaya na iya samar da yara sama da 90,000 a rayuwar su. Lokacin shiryawa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Qwai wasu lokuta kyankyashe bayan wasu shekaru hutu. Slug zai iya rayuwa cikin daji tsawon shekaru 1 zuwa 6. Mata suna rayuwa fiye da maza.

Lokacin da ma'aurata, mayanka suka motsa suka gurbata jikunansu don hada kansu da matansu. Rashin tsarin kashi yana ba da damar slugs don motsawa ta wannan hanyar, kuma suna iya amfani da gamsai don rataye daga ganye ko ciyawa don abokiyar aure. Idan abokan biyu suka hadu, kowannensu yaja wata dutsen da karfi (abin da ake kira dutsen ƙauna) a jikin bangon jikin wani da karfi har ya shiga zurfin gabobin ciki.

Don kauce wa masu farautar, wasu fuskoki masu ban sha'awa suna haɗuwa cikin iska, yayin da kowane abokin ya dakatar da zaren viscous. Zaman jima'i na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi yana yanke hukunci ta hanyar makwabcin su.Sun kasance maza muddin suna na gaba da mace, amma sai ku zamo cikin mata idan sun kasance a ware ko kuma kusa da wani mutum.

Maƙiyi na slugs

Hoto: Menene kamannin tsallewar

Slugs suna da yawancin masu farauta na halitta. Koyaya, saboda dalilai daban-daban, abokan gabansu sun ɓace a yankuna da yawa. Wannan shine daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da yasa mutane ke samun bunkasuwa cikin hanzari. Musamman ma masu farauta na tsintsayen nau'ikan kwari iri ne (misali, gwoza da kwari). Mutane da yawa beetles da larvae musamman ciyar a kan slugs. Misali, ƙwaro irin ƙasa suna da matukar son cin turaren wuta. Hakanan sune babban abincin abinci don gobarar wuta da gwoza masu walƙiya.

Hedgehogs, toads, lizards da songirds suna buƙatar kwari don rayuwarsu. Suma sune magabatan bayin Allah, amma ba zasu iya rayuwa ta cin su shi kadai ba. Tunda ana fuskantar barazanar lalata kwari ko kuma sun rigaya sun lalace a yankuna da yawa, tsintsayen zasu iya zama a ciki cikin natsuwa. Ragewar ƙurar kwari ta zama mai lalacewa tun ƙaddamar da magungunan ƙwari masu guba a cikin aikin gona da aikin gona.

Ya kamata ku guji amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, saboda in ba haka ba kuna taimaka wa magabatan muzurai su zauna a lambun ku. Hakanan a cikin manyan gilasan slugs sune magungunan kashe qwari - wanda ake kira molluscicides, wanda ke cutar da ba kawai slugs da katantanwa ba, har ma da magabatansu na halitta.

Saboda haka, magabtan bayyane sune:

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

A cikin Ingila, akwai kusan nau'ikan slugs 30. Yawancinsu masu cin ganyayyaki kawai ne, amma wasunsu dabbobi ne. Yawan fauzi yana ƙaruwa lokacin damana da a cikin lambunan da ke da ruwa sosai. Matsakaicin lambun yana yawanci har zuwa 20,000 slugs, tare da waɗannan gastropods suna kwanciya har ƙwai 200 a kowace mita mai siffar sukari. Raguwar yawan atorsan hasafin dabbobi masu yawa, kamar su amphibians da shingehogs, shima ya zama sanadiyyar haɓakar yawan jama'a.

Yayinda manyan masu cin amana kamar su amphibians za su iya sanya ƙwai sau ɗaya a shekara, slugs ɗin ba su da iyaka. Haɗuwa da gaskiyar cewa tsintsayen sun isa cikakkiyar girma a baya fiye da kowane lokaci, yan lambu ba sa samun jinkiri kuma suna buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafawa don yaƙi da wannan nau'in.

Jigilar marasa jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin ƙasashe ya zama ruwan dare saboda ƙungiyar jinsunan tare da ƙasa. Ana iya jigilar su ta hanyar tsire-tsire, da kayan lambu da aka adana da sauran kayayyaki, kayan kwalliyar katako (akwatina, akwatuna, leda, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasa), da kayan aikin gona da kayan soja masu gurbatawa. Halittar jinsin kamar yadda ya zo a yankuna da dama na duniya daga farko zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, a fili yake da alaƙa da farkon cinikayyar Turai da zama, wata alama ce da ke shigo da tutocin cikin sabon yankuna.

Slugs suna cikin rukuni na dabbobi da ake kira mollusks. Matsawa - Wannan dabba ce ba tare da harsashi na waje ba. Babban, tare da garkuwa mai suturar siriri mai sutura wanda yake rufe gaban jikin kawai, ya ƙunshi harsashi mai fasali a cikin farantin farantin. Slugs suna da matukar muhimmanci ga yanayin. Suna ba da abinci ga kowane irin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, tsutsotsi, kwari da kuma ɓangare na daidaituwa na halitta.

Su wanene slugs: bayanin, hotuna, iri, matsayin tsari

Slugs, ko slugs, ana kiransu gastropods, wanda aka sauƙaƙe harsashinsa yayin juyin halitta. Wadannan kwari suna da jiki mai tsawon rai wanda ke jujjuyawar jiki, canji mai canzawa saboda matsewar tsoka. Ya danganta da nau'in tsayin, sun kai daga milimita masu yawa zuwa dubin 2 santimita. Jikin gastropod mollusk mai yashi ne, launin ruwan kasa, mai launin shuɗi, mai launin shuɗi, a wasu lokuta tare da ƙaramin fari da baƙi. Ya ƙunshi:

• mai tasowa tare da doguwar tantuna 4, wanda akan sami idanu, kamfani da gajerun lebe masu karɓar magana, waɗanda suke yin aikin taɓawa da sanin dandano,
• jiki tare da alkyabbar ta baya, ciki wanda akwai huhu, kuma a gefen dama - numfashi da kuma budewa na buɗe ido,
• kafafu - loweran ɓangaren gangar jikin, wanda mai shi yake motsawa.

Fata na mollusk na bakin ciki ne, an lullube shi da sinadarin mucous, wanda ke taimaka masa motsawa, yana hana narkewa daga saman tsaye, yana kare kan magabatan kuma yana taimakawa ci gaba da danshi. Abinda wannan halittar tayi kama za'a iya gani a hoto.

Akwai nau'ikan kwari iri da yawa: lambun (lambun), baƙar fata, ja, kabeji, filin, gandun daji, da dai sauransu An yi la’akari da ƙazamar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar a ƙasarmu.

• daular - salon salula
• mulkin - eukaryotes,
• Mulkin dabbobi ne
• masarautar mulki -
• nau'in - mollusks,
• aji - gastropods,
• jinsi - slugs.

Rayuwar slug

Don cin nasarar ma'amala da waɗannan baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata a gida ba, a cikin lambu ko a gonar, bai isa ya san hanyoyin da za a magance su ba. Don kawar da masu cin amfanin gona na dindindin, yakamata mutum ya fahimci yadda suke haihuwa, yaya suke rayuwa, menene yanayi mafi dacewa ga rayuwarsu da haifuwa, fiye da yadda suka gwammace su ci a cikin yanayin halitta da wurin zama.

Sake haifuwa, sake zagayowar rayuwa, tsammanin rayuwa

Wadannan kwari sune hermaphrodites, i.e., lokaci guda suna da alamun dukkan maza da mata. Domin haifuwa suna buƙatar giciye. Yawanci, mollusk yana samun abokin tarayya don haihuwa don wari. Bayan ɗan gajeren mating na rawa, ana musayar maniyyi, bayan wannan kowane ɗayan mahalarta ya ba ƙwai dozin guda biyu - ƙwai a cikin ƙasa mai laima.

Bayan kwanaki 14-21, ƙananan kyankyasai sun kyankyashe. Matasa suna fara ciyar da tarkace na kasa. Bayan kwanaki 40-45, suna girma kuma suna fara haihuwar. Bayan haɓaka guda ɗaya, an dage kwan ƙwai tsawon wata ɗaya ko ya fi tsayi. A cikin lokacin bazara ɗaya, kowane ɗayan yana iya sa ƙwai kimanin ɗari 5.

Slugs waɗanda ke zaune a tsakiyar Rasha, bayan kwanciya ta ƙarshe, sun mutu a cikin fall. Bayan wintering da qwai a farkon lokacin rani, matasa mutane bayyana, wanda, bayan wata daya na abinci mai gina jiki, fara kiwo.

Tsarin ci gaba ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Wasu lokuta gastropods, basu da lokaci don sa qwai a cikin kaka, hunturu a cikin ƙasa kuma sa a cikin bazara. Matsakaicin rayuwar su shine shekaru 1-3.

Mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa

Slugs kamar danshi da inuwa. Matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki don rayuwarsu mai nutsuwa ta kasance daga digiri 15 zuwa 19. Mollusks sun fi aiki dare da rana bayan ruwan sama, lokacin da iskar ta cika da danshi. A lokacin rani mai santsi, sai su fashe cikin ƙasa su juya su zama kango, suna faɗuwa cikin ɓarkewar yanayi.

Domin kada a gano shi, tarkunan suna zaune a wuraren da ba kowa. Sun fi son su zauna a ƙarƙashin allon, rassan, duwatsu da sauran abubuwa waɗanda ke haifar da mafaka mai kyau inda suke ɓoyewa daga yanayin mummunan yanayi da idanuwan idanuwa.

Me slugs suke ci a cikin yanayi da a gida?

'Ya'yan itace suna ciyar da namomin kaza da tarkace na shuka. Abincin da suka fi so shine sabo, sassa na tsire-tsire, kayan lambu da berries. Wadannan kwari suna da matukar hadari domin dasa kayan gona. Suna da ikon rusa kusan amfanin gona.

Kari akan haka, wadannan halittu masu santsi suna iya zama sanadin asirce da kuma cututtukan da ke yaduwa. Wasu nau'ikan tsintsayen suna tsakiyar matsakaitan rukunin tsutsotsi waɗanda suke sha kan kaji. Bugu da kari, bayan kai hari kan tsiro, kwari suna barin wani lokacin farin ciki mai narkewa a kansu, wanda hakan ke haifar da lalata su.

Tsire-tsire waɗanda waɗannan kwari suke cin galibi:

• kabeji
• salatin matasa
• strawberries da strawberries,
• rapeseed
• amfanin gona, sai dai mustard.

Daga ina tsintsaye suke fitowa, yaya suke fitowa a cikin lambu, lambu, gida?

Yana da wuya a kowane lambu ko lambun waɗannan baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyace su ba. Daga ina suka fito? Moran Gastropod, da ke rayuwa a cikin daji da kuma kiyaye daidaiton muhalli na gandun daji da al'ummomin filin, da yardar rai yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren shuka na al'adu, ta yin amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci guda 150. Yawancin lokaci kwari suna fada akan makircin tare da ƙwayar cuta.

M yanayin damina, watau dumi, rigar bazara da kaka, sanyi lokacin bazaar, m winters, da taimako zuwa ga taro na slugs. A cikin lambun da lambun ana iya samo su a ƙarƙashin manyan ganye, a cikin busassun inda akwai rigar da duhu, rami don takin.

Slugs na iya tsayawa ba wai kawai a kan yankin tare da wuraren shuka ba, har ma a farfajiyar wani gida mai zaman kansa a karkashin allon da duwatsu, kazalika a cikin wuraren zama da wuraren zama (gidan wanka, cellar ko ginin). Hakanan ana iya samun su a cikin gidajen da ke shimfiɗa ƙasa. Suna ƙaura zuwa mazaunin neman sanyi da danshi a lokacin bazara da zafi a cikin hunturu.

Yadda za a lalata kwari a gonar?

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda zasu taimaka kawar da waɗannan baƙi da ba a gayyata ba. Wasu hanyoyi na sarrafa gastropods da nufin tsoratar da su da kuma kwashe kwari, yayin da wasu suke niyyar lalata su. Latterarshen ya ƙunshi yin amfani da magungunan kwari da aka yi da gida da kuma wakilai na kula da kwayoyin.

Irƙirarin yanayi mafi rashin dacewa

Idan saboda wasu dalilai baku so kuyi amfani da wahalhalun da basu iya sarrafa kwari ba, zaku iya korar su daga shafin. Don yin wannan, dole ne a yi duk abin da ya kamata domin kara zama na tarko a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa ya zama ba zai yiwu ba:

• Furr m yashi, sawdust ko ba ma finely crushed kwai ko kwaya bawo a kusa da plantations.
• Yayyafa ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire tare da ash, lemun tsami, Pine needles ko superphosphate, waɗanda ba sa son slugs. Wannan yakamata a yi shi kadai a yanayin bushe.
• Airƙiri shinge na kofuna na ruwa da za a iya zubar, nutsar da su a ƙasa a daidai wannan matakin don gastropods ɗin ba zai iya zuwa ga tsiro ba.
• Cire duwatsun, allon, ciyawa, sharan gona daga yankin gidan.
• Ku bushe ƙasa mai laushi.
• Tona ƙasa a cikin kaka.

Chemical

An ba da shawarar yin amfani da sinadarai kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi yayin da sauran hanyoyin da ba su da ƙarfi kuma karin kwari da yawa sun sake su. Abubuwan da kwari basa dace don yakar waɗannan halittu masu santsi, tunda ba kwari bane. Yana da Dole a yi amfani da hanyar hallaka daidai slugs. Bayanai game da kwayoyi mafi inganci a kan waɗannan kwari an gabatar dasu a cikin tebur:

Hanyoyin kula da nazarin halittu: dabbobi da tsirrai a kan tsintsayen

Tsire-tsire masu kwari masu narkewa zasu taimaka wajen kawar da ikon mallaka na kwari masu santsi da magabtansu na halitta. Ofayan mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin da za a bi don magance yaƙe-yaƙe shi ne ƙirƙirar wuri akan mazaunin ku wanda ba a bi da shi tare da shirye-shiryen sunadarai tare da yanayin zama dole don dabbobin da ke cin waɗannan kwari.

Don jawo hankalin maƙiyan magabtan gastropods zuwa gonar, dole ne:

• Na sa tsuntsaye su rataye gidajen lambuna tare da burodin gurasa da alkama a jikin bishiyoyi,
• don abincin dare, gina gida daga tsirrai ko yin karamin kandami tare da shinge na ciyawa mai kauri,
• domin shinge kusa da tafki na katako, ko kuma rassan reshe, suna yin bukka ta rufe shi da bambaro da kuma sanya abinci na bushe, kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itatuwa a kai.

Abubuwan tsire-tsire masu tsafta zasu taimaka wajen kawar da kwari. Kusa da tsire-tsire waɗanda kwari suke ƙauna, kuma tare da kewaye shafin ya kamata a dasa:

• tafarnuwa
• durƙusa
• sage
• marigolds
• oregano
• Pelargonium
• basil
• cumin
• mustard
• creeping Clover
• shuka kwari.

Magungunan mutane da hanyoyin

Hanyar mutane don magance waɗannan baƙi waɗanda ba a ambata ba sune don fesa tsire-tsire waɗanda ke cin kwari, guba ko amfani da tarkuna da kayan adon. Don shirye-shiryen mai zaman kansa na abubuwan hana maye, ana amfani da bayanin da aka nuna a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa, kofi, ammoniya da sauransu.

Bayanai kan yadda ake kera na'urorin kai-tsaye

Yadda za a rabu da mu slugs a cikin wani gida ko kuma masu zaman kansu gidan?

Idan kwaro daya ya same a gida, to ya kamata a jefar dashi. Idan ana samun yawancin mollusks a cikin ɗakin, kuna buƙatar nemo wurin daga inda suka fashe kuma suka yayyafa gishiri ko busasshen mustard foda kusa da shi. Hakanan zaka iya shafa saman wanda kwari suke motsawa tare da zane mai laushi da vinegar ko ammoniya.

Yin rigakafin bayyanar slugs a cikin ɗakin kuma a kan makircin

Yana da sauƙi a ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don kare gida da yankin gida daga mamayewa na parasites, fiye da haka na dogon lokaci kuma ba koyaushe nasarar yin ƙoƙarin kawar da su ba. Kuna iya kare gidan da gonar daga kutsawar baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ta bin wasu ƙa'idodi da yawa:

• don hana zubar da shafin tare da allon, duwatsu, ganye, ciyawa,
• sanya takaddun takin kamar yadda zai yiwu daga wuraren tsayawar,
• tono ƙasa a fall,
• yi amfani da allurai conifer a matsayin kayan mulching,
• Kada ku dasa seedlings kusa da juna
• dasa a kan ƙasa na shuka, ƙanshi wanda yake mayar da mollusks,
• yi pollinating cellar tare da lemun tsami, bi da ganuwar tare da jan karfe, kwantar da iska da tsaftace shi koyaushe.

Irin fina-finai kyauta

Fitar fim din 2006 - kamar son kallon irin fim din akan layi? Labari mai girma ga magoya baya! Mun tattara komai gaba daya Tsoro game da baki da sarari don kallo kyauta a cikin inganci mai kyau.
Hakanan kula da zaɓi ga fim ɗin tare da makirci makamancin wannan:

Barin sake dubawa ko kimanta fim din, kamar cibiyar sadarwar ku ta yanar gizo, zamu yi muku godiya sosai!

Nau'in m

Yana da a farkon kaka cewa ganiya ayyukan slugs auku, a lõkacin da ta 1 sq. m zaku iya samun tsofaffi 25 masu amintattu sosai. Tsarin menu na waɗannan kwari masu narkewa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire 150, ciki har da kabeji, Peas, tumatir, cucumbers, karas, dankali, strawberries. Banda shine barkono mai zafi.

Ana iya kiran slugs a cikin dare, saboda sun fi son yin shuru a cikin duhu. Da rana, ana zaɓan wuraren inuwa mai ɗumi mai ɗumi da zazzabi kimanin da digiri 18. Suna barin wuraren ɓoyewa don 'fashi' bayan 2100 da biki har kusan 2.00. Saboda haka, tun da ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki da dimples a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, lambu sau da yawa zaton cewa matafila sun yi aiki. A'a, waɗannan slugs ne. Suna narkar da kansu abinci da harshen grater, wanda akan sa dubu da yawa (!) Chitinous cloves. Yana tare da su cewa slugs suna yin ramuka a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, suna faɗaɗa cikin zurfi, kuma ganyayyaki yawanci suna zubowa a tsakiya, ba tare da rinjayar manyan jijiyoyin ba. Tunda kwari ba su da rana, dabarar su tana da sauƙin ganewa ta hanyar tarin tsutsotsi da ƙwayoyin hurawar hatsi da aka bari akan ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka lalace.

Don adana amfanin gona, ana buƙatar aiwatar da gaggawa. Wadanne ne? Mafi banbanci. Amma kafin fara wani yaƙi, bari mu san mai lalatar da ɗan kaɗan don gano raunin da ya samu.

Inda kasar gona ta kasance sako-sako da kuma ba tare da manyan duniyoyi, da kuma plantings ba thickened, iska da dampness ba stagnate, slugs sun fi na kowa.

Slug shine sunan gama gari don adadin gastropods, dangin katantanwa wadanda sukai kusan kashi ko gaba daya suka rasa harsashi yayin juyin halitta. Silincinsu mai santsi 7-santimita mai santsi yana da ƙafafun kafa da haɗe da kai. Fata mai lalacewa tana rufe bakin ciki, wanda ke rufe dukkan jiki, yana kiyaye ta daga bushewarta kuma yana taimakawa ja jiki.

A kan tarkon ƙawar, akwai nau'i biyu daga antennas na farfajiyar da za a iya sake jan ciki: babba tare da idanu, da ƙananan don taɓawa. Launin kwaro ya dogara da iri-iri, amma mafi yawan lokuta shine launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Dukda cewa akwai kuma orange mai haske.

Slugs sune hermaphrodites, watau dabbobi na bisexual. Amma domin sa qwai, daga abin da cikakken-fledged slugs ƙyanƙyashe, har yanzu suna bukatar dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Abokan hulɗa suna samun juna ta hanyar wari na musamman, wanda, a cewar masana kimiyya, ya banbanta ga kowane ɗayan, kamar yatsan yatsan mu. Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, kowane tarkace ya shimfiɗa kamar wata ƙwai dozin a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5 - 8 cm a ƙarƙashin lumps, a cikin fasa, a cikin rami na takin mai tsami ko a ƙarƙashin abubuwa daban-daban (tsibin ciyawa, duwatsun, da sauransu). Af, bayan na farko da kwanciya, slugs ba sa bukatar sake aboki, da "cajin" zai zama isa ya sa hudu ɗari qwai. Ka yi tunanin irin saurin da za su iya yin kiwo!

Yawancin lokaci qwai ya zauna har zuwa lokacin bazara. Kuma daga game da rabin na biyu na Mayu, matasa slugs fara bayyana daga overwintered qwai. Saurin girma, duk da karamin girman sa, abun mamaki shine yashafi: yaci abinci fiye da nauyinsa. Bayan watanni 2, kwari suna shirye don farawa da sa qwai. Kuma ta hanyar faɗuwa (musamman idan rani yana da rigar), muna lura da ganiya a cikin lambobin su.

The taro rarraba slugs an sauƙaƙe ta ruwa sama shekaru biyu a jere: a cikin fall a lokacin oviposition, a cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba yayin girma na matasa mollusks.

Idan baku son karkatar da hankalin ku ta hanyar kama kwari, wannan tsari za'a iya sauƙaƙa shi kuma kusan mai sarrafa kansa. Raguna da kayan bushewa da ganyayyaki an lullube su da filastik ta yadda slugs ɗin za su iya hawa sauƙaƙe a ƙarƙashinsu. A dare, za a rufe kwari, kuma a lokacin rana, lokacin da zazzabi mai zafi ya tashi a cikin tarkon, za su mutu, ba za su iya yin tsayayya da ɗakin tururi ba. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa berayen ba su bushe ba, kuma suna ƙara sabo.

Tattara slugs da sassafe tare da safofin hannu ko tare da hancin. Da fari dai, yana da wuya a wanke gamsai, kuma na biyu, yana iya samun kwayoyin cuta.

Kuna iya kama arthropods da giya. Sai dai itace suna matukar son wannan abin sha. A wuraren manyan lalata su, tono kwalba-rabin kwalba a cikin ƙasa (ja ruwa tare da shi), a gindin abin da zuba 100 g giya. Mafitar ruwa, masu siyar da sha ta zazzage, zasuyi rarrafe cikin kwantena, amma baza su iya fita daga kwalbar gilashin ba. Da safe za ku tattara su a kwano ɗaya ku zuba ruwa mai gishiri sosai. Sannan ana iya jefa su cikin tarin takin.

Hakanan zaka iya tono a kusa da kwantena mai tsami tare da matsawa mai tsami a kusa da gonar, wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi. An kuma jawo jannaduna da yisti a cikin ruwa. Hanyar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar hanyar tana aiki da kyau: tsarma kwata kwata na 9% vinegar a cikin guga na ruwa kuma zuba wannan maganin a saman kabeji da maraice tare da wannan maganin. A slugs, ya rufe da coniferous zuriyar dabbobi ko bushe nettles, kuma kewaye da slugs. Ana iya murƙushe ɓarin kwaro na wannan lambun a kusa da kafa na kabeji: slugs suna matukar jin tsoron ƙonewa.

Ciyar da abinci a kan lichens, namomin kaza da ganyayyaki da suka fadi, matsosai suna aiki a matsayin tsabtace mai tsabta kuma suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa kwayoyin. Masunta suna amfani da su azaman koto, kuma wasu mazauna rani musamman mazauna gundumar kaji don abinci.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ciyawa ta katifa tare da katattar sha, yashi mai yashi da kofi mai sha. Ko da ƙarancin maganin kafeyin yana gurɓata tsarin mai juyayi, kuma kwari suna mutu.

Don kare plantings daga kwari, zaku iya yin tsagi a kusa da gado kuma su yayyafa ƙasa da lemun tsami, ash, ƙura taba, bushe mustard, ko ma Superphosphate mai rauni.

Gaskiya guba ga mayafin ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe. Don sakamako mafi girma, dole ne a haɗe shi da kogin ko yashi na ginin ƙasa. Sau ɗaya cikin irin wannan cakuda, ragin ya mutu bayan fewan seconds.

Kuna iya fesa tsire-tsire sau biyu a dare tare da tazara na minti 20-30 tare da maganin "Gishirin potassium" (1 kg a kowace lita 10 na ruwa), kuna amfani da 1 na mafita a kowace mura 1. m. Pollination ta "Superphosphate" (30 - 40 g a 1 sq m), lemun tsami (30 g a 1 sq m), cakuda lemun tsami tare da ƙura taba (20 - 25 g kowace) yana da tasiri. Amma magani daya a dare daya, alas, bai isa ba. Lokaci na farko da waɗannan abubuwa suka hau kan kwaro, tatsaryar ta saki ɗumbin yawa kuma tare da ita tana fitar da maganin da ya buge ta. Sabili da haka, magani na farko yana aiki akan shi kawai cikin tsoro, kuma kawai na biyu yana da tabbacin lalata.

Shirye-shirye na musamman (alal misali, "Meta", "Girgizar iska") suna da tasirin kisan kan kwari, amma suna ƙarƙashin haɗuwarsu ta kai tsaye da tarko. Irondehyde abu mai aiki da sauri zai shiga cikin jiki, yana haifar da guba. A lokaci guda, slugs da gaske suna son miyagun ƙwayoyi. Da jin kamshin sa, sai suka neme shi kuma ... ci. Kuma bayan minti 1 - 2, sai ya fara aiki. Da farko, kwaro yana da rauni, sannan ya faɗa cikin damuwa na kimanin rabin sa'a ko awa ɗaya, sannan kuma ya sake hanzarta. Kuma bayan kimanin awa 1 - 1.5 ya mutu.

Amma ta amfani da sunadarai, kuna buƙatar yin hankali. Dole ne a dakatar da dukkan jiyya kwanaki 20 kafin girbi. A lokacin ripening 'ya'yan itace, zaka iya amfani da mustard (150 g da 10 l na ruwa), barkono ƙasa (1 tsp. Per 1 sq M) ko itacen ash (300 g da 1 sq M), pollinating su da dasa. Mafi kyau duk da haka, shirya cakuda da ƙura taba, ash da lemun tsami daidai gwargwado. Kyakkyawan sakamako ana bayar da shi ta hanyar maganin da aka shirya daga 1 lita na ruwa da 2 tbsp. l ammoniya.

A Nuwamba, kafin sanyi, tono ƙasa a kan bayonet na felu kuma bar shi har sai spring. Tun da slugs ba za su iya rufe zurfi a zahiri ba, a cikin hunturu za su mutu tare da ƙwai da aka dage farawa.

Suna kuma gwagwarmayar saukar da ruwa tare da ruwan zafi (ƙari 40 - 50 digiri) ruwa. Amma wannan hanyar ta fi dacewa da kabeji, saboda yana da tsayayya da zazzabi.

Gaba ɗaya, saboda slugs ba su rauni sama a kan kabeji, shuka shuka a wata kwanan wata (balaga da kafe tsire-tsire sha wahala daga kwari) kuma daga juna a nesa na har zuwa 50 cm, don haka kamar yadda ba ya haifar da kauri, m da inuwa yankunan. Lalacewar amfanin gona za a iya rage girman ta hanyar ɗaure gadaje da wasu filastik ko zanen baƙin ƙarfe. Wasu yan lambu kusa da tsire-tsire suna yin rollers 5 cm tsayi daga ƙasa: ya fi dacewa don zuba ruwa a cikin "miya" da aka kafa, don takin, kuma danshi ba ya yaduwa a kan farfajiya.

Abin mamaki shine, a cikin yaƙar slugs waɗanda suke son komai rigar, ruwa kuma zasu iya taimakawa. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yanke tsohuwar ban ruwa na tiyo longwise, tono shi a cikin ƙasa dan kadan kuma cika shi da ruwa (zai fi dacewa gishiri - 1 tbsp. L gishiri da 1 l). Sau ɗaya a cikin irin wannan tsagi, slugs ba za su iya fita kuma mutu da sauri ba.

Akwai abokan gaban gastropods da yawa a cikin yanayi, amma ba su da yawa a cikin gidajen mu. Raguna, kwari, kugiya, shinge, wasu tsuntsaye da gewaye. Har ila yau, ana karɓar tutocin ganima don ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa da tururuwa. Amma da yake kwari suna aiki sosai da daddare, babban maƙiyinsu yaushi.

Don sauƙaƙe yaƙi da slugs, kawo su duka zuwa shafin. Kuma, ba shakka, kiyaye tsari, cire ciyawa da ciyawa ciyawa cikin yanayin da ya dace. Slugs suna sha'awar kaɗa ƙuri'a inda zaku iya ɓoyewa daga hasken rana mai lalata.