Delia cilicrura, Chortophila platura, Hylemya platura, Phorbia platura, Hylemya cilicrura, Tsirran masara,
Frout tashi - kwaro na shuka iri da shuka iri-iri. Yin bisexual. Ci gaban ya cika. Puparia hunturu a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin kakar, yana tasowa daga al'ummomin 1-2 a cikin yankin Leningrad zuwa 4 a cikin yankin Tashkent da Transcaucasia.
Ilimin halittar jiki
Imago. Futowa mai tsawon tsawon mil 3-6. Launin launuka mai launin shuɗi. Mesoscutum tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda da ratsi launin ruwan kasa uku tare da jikin. Tsarin tsakiya shine mafi tsabta. Abun ciki mai launin toka ne, yana da madaurin madaurin madauri mai launin baki. Shugaban yana da launin toka. Yankin cinya gaban goshi shine lemo mai haske, mara nauyi.
Dimorphism na jima'i. Mutane daban-daban na maza-maza sun sha banban da tsarin gabobin maza.
Namiji. An rufe bakin ciki daga hancin ciki da gashin kansa na bakin ciki wanda ya zama tsefe. Hind femora a kan ƙananan gefe tare da gefen ciki tare da tsawon dogon goge 3-4.
Kwai har zuwa 1 mm tsayi, fari, elongated. Endaya daga cikin ƙarshen ya zama kunkuntar, ɗayan an zagaye.
Tsutsa, kawai ya fito daga kwai, na iya zuwa tsawon mm 1 mm. A bayyane yake, mara ruwa, kawai ba a iya lura dashi. A rana ta uku ko ta biyar, tsutsa yana farawa da fari.
A ƙarshen zamani, tsutsa ya zama mai garaje, ya sami farin launi mara laushi ya kai mm 7 a tsayi.
Thearshen ƙarshen jikin yana yankan ɓoye, kuma a gefansa akwai jerin nau'ikan gasasshe, waɗanda huɗun suka fi girma wasu kuma suna kan nesa nesa da juna.
A bangarorin yanki kuma a ƙarƙashin manyan manyan ƙananan kantuna suna da yawa.
Gab da gaban jikin tsutsa yana kunkuntar, bera biyu masu bakin bera suna gani.
Pupa (puparia). Tsawon - 4-5 mm. Launi mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, siffar yana da elongated-oval. Manya-manyan launuka hudu ana iya ganinsu a karshen rayuwar bayanta.
Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)
6-7 watanni
Ci gaba
Imago. Liesan kwari suna bayyana a cikin bazara, a lokaci guda cewa Birch fara Bloom. A cikin yankin Leningrad wannan shine shekaru na biyu ko na uku na Mayu.
Lokacin yanka. Mace sa ƙwai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai laushi na ƙasa, suna fifita wuraren da ke da cike da ruwa. Haihuwa - har guda 60.
Kwai. Amfrayo ya taso daga kwana biyu zuwa goma. Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, ƙwai sun mutu.
Tsutsaƙyanƙyashe daga kwai, na iya rarrafe a cikin ƙasa don tsawon nisa a cikin neman seedlings. A wannan lokacin, yana ciyar da lalata lalata tarkacen tsire. Bayan samo germinating tsaba ko seedlings na fodder tsire, larvae lalata su. A cikin cucumbers, suna lalata ƙwayar shuka ta hanyar hakowa gwiwar gwiwa da kuma shiga cikin ciyawa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuka.
A cikin ƙwayar wake, waken soya, da wake, larvae ya ciji kusa da mafitar seedling da gnaw sassa a cikin cotyledons. A cikin hatsi na wake guda ɗaya, za'a iya gano har zuwa lardin 30.
A cikin lupine, lalata larvae lalacewa tsaba, seedlings da nodules a kan tushen sa.
Lalacewa kabeji iri ɗaya ne da na kabeji tashi, sau da yawa ana samun nau'ikan guda biyu a lokaci guda. An lura da cutar zoophagy na larvae. Zasu iya cin ƙwai a cikin filayen fulawa. Haɓaka larvae yana daga kwanaki 10 zuwa 40, gwargwadon yanayin wurin zama da yanayin yanayi.
Pupa (puparia). Bayan haɓaka, larvae pupate a cikin ƙasa: ƙarni na farko da na biyu - a zurfin 3-7 cm, na uku - 10 cm. Kalaman pupa (puparia) a cikin tsararraki rani yana daga ranakun 12 zuwa 20. A ɗalibai da overwinter.
Imago tsararraki rani sun fito daga ɗumbin ɗalibai, mata da ƙwai ƙwai a cikin ƙasa. Jirgin ƙarni na biyu a Ukraine an lura da shi a watan Yuni, na uku - a ƙarshen Yuli.
Siffofin haɓaka. A cikin yankin Leningrad, akwai ci gaba na al'ummomin 1-2 a lokacin girma, a tsakiyar yankin - 2-3, a kudu na Belarus da Ukraine - 3, a cikin yankin Tashkent - 3-4, a cikin Transcaucasus - 4.
Cutarwa daga fure tashi
Itatuwan fure na tashi da kanta baya cutar amfanin gona. Tsire-tsire suna lalata larvae, suna rage yawan amfanin gona na amfanin gona ko yawan hatsi na shuka hatsi, tunda ba tushe kaɗai ba ne zai iya zama manufa ga harin.
Ana iya danganta wannan nau'in kwaro zuwa nau'in masu cinye iri da kuma shuka. Idan larvae na sprout tashi harin riga girma shuke-shuke, babban burin su shi ne jen ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
A sakamakon haka, inji ya raunana, ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, saboda rigakafin sa ke gurbata. Bugu da kari, samfuran mahimmanci na larvae suna taimakawa ga fitowar cututtukan fungal. A ƙarshe, sun yada ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Sanarwar kamuwa da cuta
'Ya'yan fure da ke tashi a kan cucumbers ba abu ne mai sananne ba; yana da tsawon jikinsa 3 mm zuwa 6 mm. Launinsa yana da launin rawaya kaɗan, tare da tintaccen launin toka mai haske. A bayansa akwai farar fata launin ruwan hoda tare da raunin launin ruwan kasa uku. Cikakken launin toka mai launin baki mai tsaye. An yi wa kawunan launin toka a goshi tare da tsiri mai ruwan lemu mai haske.
Idan ka lura da kyau a kalli hotunan wadannan kwari, sannan bambance bambancin jininsu bashi da wahala. Namiji yana da gashin gashi a kafafu. Uku ko hudu tsawon saitin shuka suna girma a bayan cinya. Matar ba ta da irin waɗannan alamun.
Mace suna kwanciya tsawon ƙwai har zuwa 1 mm. Topaya daga cikin saman kwai ya nuna.
Larvae na manya suna kama da ƙananan tsutsotsi. Tsawon jikinsu zai iya kaiwa mm mm 5. Jikin matasa larvae fari, m, ta hanyar shi zaka iya ganin hanjin kwari. Bayan haka, yana samun launin toka, ya zama mai kauri. A gaban jiki, manne 4 na bakin ciki wanda kwari ya soke ganye ko mai tushe na tsirrai a bayyane suke.
Pupae na kwayar cutar tsutsawa suna launin ruwan kasa da launi mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon jikinsu ya kai mm 4-5. Suna da kamannin ƙawancen wuta. Akwai hakora 4 a bayan.
Yadda za a kare cucumbers tare da fasaha mai kyau na aikin gona
Don kare ciyawar kokwamba daga tashi mai tashi, dole ne a ɗauki matakai da yawa na riga-kafi.
Mataki na farko shine sanya shi doka don noma ƙasa don dasa shuki, gudanar da zurfin tono ƙasa sau biyu a shekara.
Digging yana da tasiri musamman a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da sanyi ya fara. Tashi, kwari larvae daskare ya mutu. Ya kamata kuma daidai bi shawarar lokacin shuka tsaba a buɗe kuma keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa don yankin ku.
Magungunan Halittu
Flywan itacen sama yana da abokan gaba masu zafin gaske waɗanda zasu lalatar da shi ba da ƙyar ba. Waɗannan atorsa preda ce da kwari suna bi da kwari a duk matakan cigaban su. Daga cikinsu, mafi yawan ƙwanƙwasawa sune gwoza daga ƙabilar Aleohara da Ktyri mai fikafikai biyu. Amma game da parasites, mafi girman lalacewar kwari da ke tsiro shine ya aikata ta hanyar magidanta daga dangin Eukoilid.
Nematode parasites daga iyalai Cephalobidae da Rhabditidae suna zaune a cikin gidajen katako da katako. Matakan sarrafa na dabi'a sun sami nasarar kare cucumbers daga kwari da ke tashi.
Hakanan, wasu namomin kaza suna mutuwa a gare su. Mafi ƙarfin su shine wakilan dangin Fusarium, kazalika da naman gwari Entomophtora muscae.
Magungunan Magunguna
Ana amfani da kemikal don kare cucumbers daga fitowar kwari kawai lokacin da yawancinsu ba su shuka ko dasa su a cikin greenhouse. Akwai da yawa irin wannan kayan aikin na musamman:
Kafin amfani, ya zama dole a hankali bincika umarnin da sigogi don aiki yadda yakamata.
Yin amfani da kuɗaɗen da aka shirya don miya iri shima yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da kwari "Actellik" ko "Spark". Amma ga m ƙasa lura da sinadarai, mazauna rani rika rika kara wasu manyan kwari da ƙasa.
Girke-girke jama'a
Idan kwaro bai sami nasarar kama gonar ƙasa ba, to, zaku iya fara gwagwarmaya tare da amfani da magungunan gargajiya waɗanda aka tsara don tsoratar da ƙwan da ke tashi don buɗe ƙwai. Misali, don rikitar da kwaro, zaku iya aiwatar da dasawar kokwamba tare da jiko da barkono mai zafi ko daskararren itace. Ba ya son kwari da tsirrai, wanda aka dafa tare da cakuda ash, lemun tsami, ƙura taba da ƙwayar mustard.
A cewar masu lambu, akwai wani ingantaccen ma'aunin don magance kwari mai tashi - yana hana damar kututtukan kwari. Don yin wannan, rufe gadaje tare da kayan da ba a saka ba.
Yana da mahimmanci a fara magance kwaro nan da nan da zaran an gan shi a shafin, kuma kar a manta da matakan rigakafin.
Bayanin kwaro
An raba jikin tashi zuwa sassa uku: kai, kirji da ciki. Launin kwaro mai launin shuɗi-mai-launin toka, a farfajiyar akwai wasu baƙin duhu uku masu duhu. Baƙuwar launin toka ne. Jiki duk ya rufe da gashi. Idanun suna da girma, suna ɗauka kusan duka saman kai. Antennae suna kan goshi, wanda sune gabobin kamshi. Flywararrun fure na cikin ipungiyar Diptera, wakilan wannan rukunin suna amfani da fuka-fukan gaba don gudu, waɗanda ke biye da baya sun juya zuwa cikin irin ƙwaro ƙasa - gungun don daidaita
Hankali. Kwayoyin cuta sun yaɗu ko'ina, sun zauna a buɗe da rufe. Tare da babban rauni na rukunin yanar gizon, ana iya lalata dukkanin harbe.
Sake bugun ƙwayar cuta ta tashi
Irƙirar ƙwayar cuta tana da namiji, bambanci tsakanin tsarin namiji da ta mace da aka fara gani ba'a lura dashi. An ɓoye fasalin halayen a kafafu, dogo mai tsawo yana tsiro a kafaɗun kafa da kwatangwalo. Girman jikin kwari yakai mm 3-6. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi, suna tashi daga ƙasa a cikin tsakiyar watan Afrilu, a cikin yankuna mai zafi - a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na Mayu. Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin mace ta sanya qwai a cikin qasa. Ta fi son m, hadu tare da taki, ƙasa. Qwai fararen fata ne, yana da kullun, tare da tsarin taimako. Tsawonsu kusan 1 mm ne, adadin su 50-60 ne. Haihuwar tayi tayi kwana 3 zuwa 10.
Bayanai. A cikin ƙasa bushe, qwai mutu da sauri.
Sprout tashi fi son zuwa asali a kan cucumbers. Larvae hawa zuwa cikin tushe na shuka, sa shi rauni. Lokacin haihuwa, tsayin su 1-2 mm ne, launin ya fito fili. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, larvae ya zama fari. Ya danganta da yanayin da abinci mai gina jiki, haɓaka su suna ɗaukar kwanaki 10-30. Kafin ɗalibi, ya zama mai kauri da bakin ciki, yayi girma zuwa 7 mm. Shugaban yana nan a zahiri, bakin duhu biyu masu duhu ana iya gani cikin kunkuntar gaban jiki.
Hankali. Mafi cutarwa shi ne zuriyar ƙarni na farko, wanda ke lalata ɓarnar. Sakamakon larvae a kan tsire-tsire mai girma ba shi da m.
Bugu da kari, tsutsa ya juya zuwa cikin tsiro, yayin da yake zama a cikin fata mai narkewar fata, wanda ake kira puparia. Wannan doki mai launin ruwan kasa-rawaya mai ruwan mm 5 mm. A lokacin rani, ya fara bayyana bayan sati 2. Idan an yi masonry a fall, yakan kasance a cikin akwati har sai lokacin bazara. Kwaro ya shiga ƙasa zuwa 10 cm kuma a can yana fama da lokacin sanyi. Lokacin da iska ta tashi zuwa +10 0, imago din zai tsage ɗaliban a gefen babban ɗakin kuma ya shiga daji. Shekarun ƙarni na biyu sun faɗi a watan Yuni, da kuma na uku a Yuli.
Bayanai. Babban mataki a rayuwar dan fure mai tashi shine lardin. A wannan matakin, takan ciyar da rayuwarsa gabaɗaya. Aikin manya shine mahalli da haihuwa.
Yadda ake mu'amala da tsiron fure
Daga lokacin da suka fito daga kwai, larvae suna aiki sosai, suna jan nesa nesa ba kusa ba cikin binciken ƙwayaye da shuki. Bayan samo su, cotyledons sun fashe. Har zuwa lardin guda 30 an samo su a cikin wake ko kayan ƙwari. Tsire-tsire masu lalacewa ana samun sauƙin kamuwa da fungi da cututtukan fata. Kwayoyin cuta suna haifar da lalacewa gaba ɗaya ko ɓangare. Idan iri ba ya mutu, shuka mai rauni ba tare da ɗanɗano ɗan itacen ya fito ba daga ita.
Hankali. Furowa daga fure itace polyphage, a cikin abincin da larvae ta ke akwai jerin albarkatu masu yawa: guna, sunflower, kabeji, dankali, dankali da kankana.
Matakan da za a bi don tashi tashi ya hada da yankuna da yawa:
Abubuwa masu tsoratarwa
Don hana yaduwar kwari, dole ne a bi ka'idodi da yawa:
- Cire lokaci na datti na shuka a lokacin bazara, sune mazaunin lambun kwari.
- Sosai larvae hibernate a cikin zurfin zurfin ruwa; kashe ciyawa an bada shawarar wariyar su. A lokacin bazara-bazara, ana buƙatar ƙarin lokuta 2-3 don noma ƙasa. Wannan zai taimaka matuka wurin barin qwai su bar su su bushe a rana.
- Lokacin yin taki takin kasar gona, bai kamata a barshi a farfajiya ba. Warin da yake daɗaɗɗen kamshi yana jawo kwari da ɗanɗano, wanda ke sa ƙwai a kusa. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya ta aiwatar da aikin tono mai zurfi.
- Shuka tsaba har sai tsararrakin ƙarni na farko suna fama da yunwa bayan rashin tsari.
- An bada shawarar dasa cucumbers ba tare da tsaba ba, amma tare da seedlings. Plantungiyar shuka da take girma tana da ikon tsira daga harin kwari. Yana da ƙasa da lalacewa da bushewa.
Haske. Don saurin shuka na tsaba da kuma ƙarfafa sprouts, yi amfani da takin ma'adinai.
Kwayoyin cuta
Wasu nau'in kwari da za su iya haihuwa a adadi mai yawa, za su iya lalata amfanin gona da wuri, suna haifar da bala'o'i na ainihi. Labarin ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru fari masu lalatar da albarkatu, suna yiwa mutane yunwar.
Yanzu, bil'adama baya da kariya, amma yanzu kwari kwari na tsire-tsire masu girma suna haifar da asara mai yawa.
Akwai dubunnan nau'in kwari na kwari, babban lahani yana faruwa ne ta hanyar larvae, wanda ke da matukar cin abinci. Wasu lokuta ɓoyayyen ƙwayoyin cuta suma suna da lahani, kamar kwaro mai cutarwa da burodin burodi.
Kwari sukan yi saurin motsa jiki, yawanci mace kan sa sama da ƙwai ɗari, kuma malam buɗe ido ya fi dubu. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine cewa kwari na iya samar da biyu zuwa uku, a wasu yanayi, ƙarin ƙarni a kowace shekara.
Dangane da nau'in abinci mai gina jiki, kwari kwari na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Gnawing (jaws suna da kyau a cikin kwari, suna ciyar da yawancin sassan tsire-tsire: ganye, mai tushe, tushen da 'ya'yan itatuwa),
- Stitching-tsotsa (na baka sashin kwaro a cikin hanyar proboscis, da abin da ya aikata punctures na shuka nama da tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace),
Dabbobin da ke cin abinci da yawa
Za'a iya rarrabe manyan kwari kamar polyphagous: Asianyan fari na Asiya da ƙaura, ciyawar makiyaya da kwari mai kwari, hunturu da ɗamarar auduga.
Misali, mace na lokacin sanyi na zobara tayi lakabi da qwai sama da dubu, daga abin da matafila daga baya suka fara fitowa. Su, bi da bi, haɓaka, rayayye suna ciyar da seedlings na amfanin gona na hunturu, matasa masu fure na beets, masara, auduga, sunflower da sauran tsire-tsire masu yawa.
Yawancin abinci-kwari kwari ne da yawa da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Irin waɗannan kwari na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna ciyar da sassan ƙasa na shuka, Tushen gnawing, tushen amfanin gona da tsaba. Beetles an dauki mafi yawa da kuma kawo hadari - nutcrackers, cicadas, leeches, weevils, Khrushchev, black beetles, caterpillars of butterflies diba.
Eatingarancin abinci (cin abinci ɗaya)
Suna ciyar da wasu takamaiman, tsirrai masu alaƙa.
Wannan rukuni na kwari sun hada da larvae caterpillars, suna ciyar da nau'in tsire-tsire na cruciferous, da kuma lardin Sweden na tashi larvae - a kan hatsi.
Karin kwari na amfanin gona, kamar hatsi da Legumes na takin gargajiya, suna shafar mai tushe da tsiron fure. Akwai sama da ɗari biyar irin wannan kwari, sanannen shaharar: kwari hatsi, asu hatsi, sauro na Hessian, sawflies.
A larvae daga cikin wadannan kwari cin fitar da babban tushe da kuma rudiments na nan gaba shuka. A nan gaba, irin wadannan tsire-tsire masu tsiwirwirin ne ko kuma a wani bangare suna mutuwa, sakamakon haifar da rashin ingancin amfanin gona.
Abincin ƙwaro: Gwanin abinci, da ƙyallen Makaryaci, ƙwanƙwasa-gwoza - hau kan spikelets kuma ku ci hatsi.Leaya daga cikin ƙwaro yana da damar cin 7-8 g na hatsi, kuma suna yin ƙarin cutarwa ta hanyar fitar da hatsi daga cikin kunne.
Mafi mahimmancin kwaro na beets na sukari shine gwoza weevil. Irin ƙwaro larvae ciyar a kan tushen gwoza tushen amfanin gona, amma adult beetles yi mafi cutar, wanda zai iya halakar da gwoza seedlings a sararin wurare.
Kwakwalwar gabbawon fure shine kwari kwari, ƙwaƙƙwaransu su shiga cikin tsaba su halaka su. Yana haifarwa musamman ma cikin danshi da yanayin sanyi. Kwakwalwa, tare da babban tarawarsu, sun sami damar rusa filin gaba ɗaya tare da fure-fure na rana.
Moths butterflies (hujin sunflower) kwari ne masu hatsarin gaske sunflower. Maƙanƙan daji suna fara tashi a masse kafin fure kuma su sanya ƙwaiyensu kai tsaye a kwandunan shuka. Manyan larvae sun yi ta yawo a cikin kara kuma ku ci naman jikinta. Bayan haka yana motsawa mafi girma, ya wuce zuwa ganye, pollen kuma ya haɓaka hatsi, gaba ɗaya yana cinye kernels, yana barin kawai "taushi".
Karin Maganar Kwakwalwar Masarafiya - Shiponoski. Banan kwari suna cin abinci kaɗan kuma a kusan basu cutar da shuka ba, sabanin lardin su, waɗanda ke shiga filayen sunflower kuma suna dawo da kansu tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara. A nan suke zama har sai lokacin da nama ya ƙare, busasshe busasshen nama. Lokacin zaman su a cikin rami na hula, larvae gnaw a tashoshi ta hanyar ana wadatar da abinci ga tsaba, yana hana su abubuwan amfani. A cikin tsire-tsire masu rauni mai lalacewa, za'a iya samun larvae 100. Idan sun buga sunflower lokacin kaka, amfanin gona gaba daya ya mutu.
Kwakwalwar sunflower na iya haifar da asara mai yawa, har zuwa lokacin da suke hana amfanin gona gabaɗaya, sabili da haka, don kare kansu daga waɗannan kwari, nau'in kayan sunflower ana bred. Fatar su ta taurare a farkon matakan, saboda haka sun zama ba za a iya jure wa kwari da larvae ba. Yayinda matafila suke cin ciyawar, sunflower tana da lokacin shukawa. Kodayake suna da ƙananan kayan mai, amfanin gona ba zai shafa ba.
Kaya
Karin kwari na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire - ticks (mite bread mite, gari), yana shafar yawancin tsirrai da kayayyakin shuka. Suna da haɗari musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa dame ɗin arean ƙananan ne, kuma ana iya ganin su kawai a motsi, kuma wasu kawai suna amfani da microscope.
Itace gizo-gizo gizo-gizo yawanci yakan shafi amfanin gona na auduga, yawan shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ciki, kwaro yana sa ganye ya bushe. A sakamakon haka, tsiron ya canza launin halayyar sa zuwa launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa kuma ya faɗi, tare da mummunan shan kashi - amfanin gona suka mutu.
Mealy mite - haɓaka a cikin hatsi, hatsi, gari. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, yakan lalata kayan abinci a cikin ɗan kankanen lokaci, ya mai da su magudanan m.
Nematodes
Karin kwari na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire nematodu; yawancin nau'ikan rigakafin mallakar nasu ne. Yawancinsu suna zaune a ƙasa, suna haifar da mummunar lalacewar sassan tsirrai na ƙasa.
Alkama nematode - asalin ƙasa kan alkama da hatsin rai. Its larvae sa musu da hanyarsu zuwa ga tushen, sa sassa a cikin tsire-tsire, da hana ƙwarai da kuma raunana shi. Irin wannan lalacewar tsirrai suna da haɗari saboda larvae na iya zuwa kunnuwa, inda maimakon hatsi, ana kafa galls (ciwace-ciwacen daji), yana dauke da adadin larduna da yawa. Galls na iya faɗuwa tare da hatsi cikin ɗakunan ajiya da granaries ko crumble lokacin girbi a ƙasa. Shegarar bazara mai zuwa, larvae zai bayyana wanda zai kamu da kananan tsirrai.
Dabbobi, kwari
Karin kwari na kayan gona, amfanin gona, lambuna da kayan abinci: bera, filayen filin, mice, hamsters, hares, squirrels, bera, bera, jerboas.
Mafi haɗarin su ne kamar ƙwaƙƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, tare da haɓakar haɓakar hakoransu, suna ciji tsire-tsire, hatsi, albarkatu masu tushe, kwayoyi da haushi. Suna haifar da haɗari na musamman, tunda a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau suna yin rayayye sosai.
Bayanin kwaro na tashi
Idan ka lura da kyau jikin kwaro mai tashi, zaku iya gani an rarraba shi a sarari 3:
An saka kwaro a cikin sautunan launin toka-launin toka, gaba daya an rufe shi da gajerun gashi. A bayan bango akwai baƙin duhu guda 3. Bangon ciki na launin toka ne. Idanun suna da girma sosai kuma suna mamaye kusan duk yankin kai. Ana ganin bayyane a ɓangaren gaban, wanda ke taka warin warin kamshi.
An tsara fure mai tashi kamar difloma. Tsawonsa baya wuce 6 mm. Ana amfani da fikafikan sa na gaba don tashi, kuma fuka-fukan hular, da ake kira hummers, ana buƙatar su daidaita daidaituwa yayin tashiwa.
Gadin wannan kwari yana da mahimmanci, ana iya samun shi a wurare masu zuwa:
Froutaccen tsuntsu abu ne mai mamaye abubuwa, yana da ikon lalata kayan gona a buɗe da keɓaɓɓiyar kariya. Wadannan al'adu na gaba suna fama da shi:
Qwai na kwaro fari fari da launi, girman su bai wuce mm 1 ba. Hatching larvae, kai tsawon 7 mm, da farko suna da amintaccen jiki, sannan kuma canza launi zuwa datti. Pupae na parasite m, launin ruwan kasa a launi, 5 mm a girma.
Ta yaya kwaya mai tashi ke tashi?
Generationan fari na kwaro ya bayyana a cikin bazara a ƙarshen watan Afrilu da Mayu. Wannan lokacin na iya juyawa ta hanyar kwana 10 a cikin shugabanci ɗaya ko wata, ya dogara da yankin. Ciyar da kan nectar da pollen, kwari suka fara yin kawanya. Ba da daɗewa ba, ƙwai za a dage farawa. Femaleaya mace tana sanya ƙwai 50 zuwa 60 a cikin rigar taki a lokaci guda.
Mace musamman ma sun gwammace su sa ƙwai a cikin ƙasa da aka lalata na gadaje kokwamba. Haɓakar embryonic yana daga kwanaki 4 zuwa 10, lokacin ya dogara da zafin jiki na ƙasa. Ana haihuwar larvae ta hanyar ƙara motsi.
Nan da nan suka fara motsawa a gadaje, don bincika tsaba. Bayan samo irin wannan zuriya, larvae gnaw ta wurin da sprouts suka bayyana kuma ku ci abinda ke cikin tsaba daga ciki. Seedlings daga irin wannan daukan hotuna mutu.
Saurin haɓakar lardin ya dogara da yawan abinci da zazzabi. Wannan na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 10 zuwa 40. Lokacin da matakin ɗalibi ya gabato, larvae ya kai iyakar tsawonsu, jikinsu yayi nauyi, launinta zai zama mara nauyi.
Larvae pupate a cikin ƙasa stratum, a lokacin rani a zurfin of 5 cm, kuma a cikin kaka, kan aiwatar faruwa a zurfin of 9 cm. shellan itacen pupa wuya sosai, an fentin launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda. A ƙarshen kwasfa akwai hakora 4 masu ƙarfi.
A cikin matakan ɗalibi, ƙaho mai tashi zuwa zaune a cikin lokuta daban-daban. A lokacin rani, wannan lokacin yana daga kwanaki 12 zuwa 20, kuma hunturu pupae suna cikin wannan jihar tsawon kwanaki 180. Wani tsalle mai girma ya tashi daga cikin pupae kuma zagayen ci gaban kwari ya ƙare.
Hanyar ilimin halitta wanda ake kashe kwari da kwari a cikin lambu
Itatuwan fure, kamar sauran kwari na lambu, yana da magabatan ƙasa da yawa waɗanda kan iya jan hankalin su don yaƙar ta. Ga nesa daga cikakken jerin:
- Oa'san bishiyar Aleohar,
- ƙasa beetles
- maharan eukoilide
- nematodes Rhabditidae,
- Ktyr ravenous kwari
- daban-daban iri na fungi.
Wasu daga cikin wadannan halittu masu tsinkaye suna ciyar da lardin kwari na kwari, yayin da wasu kuma suke yiwa kwarojin kwaro.
Tare da babban hari na kwari akan tsire-tsire na kayan lambu, maganin kashe kwari kawai zai iya ceton su.
Yin amfani da shirye-shiryen sunadarai a kan ciyawar fure
Idan akwai kwarororo da yawa a cikin lambun kuma cutar daga gare su tana karuwa koyaushe - lokaci yayi da za a bi da wani nau'in maganin kashe kwari. Wadannan sinadarai masu zuwa sun kasance cikin al'ada mai amfani:
Ana amfani da kudaden da ke sama don spraying shuka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta cutar larvae. An saita yawan amfani da maganin daidai da umarnin da aka haɗe. Babu wani yanayi da ya kamata ka wuce da shawarar da aka bayar, domin wannan na iya haifar da konewar ganyayyaki.
Akwai wasu magunguna da yawa da suke ƙyalle kayan lambu kafin shuka. Dankakken tsaba, tsiro tsutsa tsutsa. Don etching, zaka iya amfani da Imidalit, Spark da Actellik.
Folk magunguna da sprout kwari
Wasu lambu suna da'awar cewa sun cimma nasara a cikin yaƙi da ƙwanƙwasa tashi, ta yin amfani da magunguna. Wannan nau'in iko kuma yana da hakkin rayuwa, amma yakamata a yi amfani dashi tare da karamin adadin kwaro, ko kuma don korar kwari.
Mafi na kowa da inganci girke-girke na mutane:
1). Birch tar. Dangane da wannan samfurin, an samar da mafita, wanda aka fesa shi tare da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na kokwamba. Itatuwan fure ba sa son ƙanshin tar, kuma ɗanɗano na cucumbers ba sa taɓawa. An shirya maganin kamar haka:
- zuba ruwa 10 na ruwa a cikin guga,
- toara shi 1 tbsp. l Birch tar,
- Mix da abun da ke ciki
- amfani da shi don fesawa.
2). Wormwood, kwafsa na barkono mai zafi ko tansy. Dangane da waɗannan ganyayyaki da adon barkono, zaku iya yin jiko da aiwatar da tsire-tsire na ciyayi da tsire-tsire masu ciyawar tare da shi.
3). M shuke-shuke da m qagaggun launuka. Gaurayawan masu zuwa sun dace da ƙura:
- toka da mustard foda,
- taba ƙura da lemun tsami.
Bayan karanta wannan kayan, kuna buƙatar fahimtar da kanku cewa tsiro mai tashi wanda ya kai hari kan cucumbers yana barazanar asarar mahimman ɓangaren amfanin gona. Don hana kwaro daga shiga yankin nasa, dole ne mutum ya yi aiki da matakan rigakafin kuma ya iya fuskantar fasaha ta tsirrai. Idan kwaro ya riga ya yi sama-sama a kan gadaje kayan lambu, dole ne a kashe shi da sauri.
Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam
Dangane da ilimin halittar jiki (bayyanar), imago ya fi kusa da jinsin da aka bayyana. Delia angustifrons. An bambanta ta da mesoscutum mai launin toka-launin toka tare da hairs da yawa, wani yanki mai cylindrical tare da tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi mai duhu da kuma alamun launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
Bayan wannan nau'in, ana samun sa sau da yawa Delia matashiyakuma kusa da ilimin halittar jiki na imago zuwa ga Rostov Fly (Delia platura).
Malware
Sprout tashi - polyphage. Yana cutarwa germinating tsaba da kuma seedlings na albarkatu iri daban-daban: wake, Peas, wake, kokwamba, kankana, kabewa, kankana, beets, alayyafo, kabeji, masara, sunflower, gyada, lupins, auduga, hatsi, dankali. Cutarwa larvae. Sakamakon rayuwarsu, siririn kayan amfanin gona da raunana shuki na faruwa. Karin kwari, na kwayan cuta daban-daban da kuma fungi pathogenic fungi galibi suna haɓaka a cikin tsaba da ƙwayoyi masu lalacewa.
An tattara labarin ta amfani da waɗannan abubuwan:
Bei-Bienko G. Ya Bayyana alamun kwari na sashin Turai na USSR a cikin kundin biyar. T V. Kwana biyu. Fleas. Kashi na biyu na. Buga gidan "Kimiyya", Leningrad, 1970. - 945 p.
Bei-Bienko G. Ya Bayyana alamun kwari na sashin Turai na USSR a cikin kundin biyar. T V. Kwana biyu. Fleas. Kashi na farko. Gidan wallafa "Kimiyya", Leningrad, 1969. - 810 p.
Vasiliev V.P. Karin kwari na amfanin gona da na gandun daji: A cikin tan 3 - T. 2. Arthropods masu cutarwa, shinge. - Na biyu ed., Rev. kuma kara. / Karkashin duka. ed. V.P. Vasiliev, Editocin ƙarar V.G. Dolin, V.N. Stovbchatyy .-- K.: Girbi, 1988 576., rashin lafiya. KO
Takardar jihar da magungunan kashe qwari da takin zamani wanda aka amince dasu don amfani da shi a kan Yankin Rasha, 2013. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayya (Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Rasha)
Bayanin kodin na magungunan kashe qwari da kuma abubuwan agrochemicals da aka amince dasu don amfani a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, 2016. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha (Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Rasha) & nbspSauke >>>
Kwaro da kwari sune kwari na amfanin gona. Juzu'i na IV Yanar gizo da kuma diflorous. Editocin na girma E.N. Narchuk, V.A. Tryapitsyn. Leningrad, “Kimiyya”, Leningrad Branch, 1981.
Frout tashi
Frout tashi | |||||||||||
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![]() namiji | |||||||||||
Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Kwari kwari |
Lantarki: | Zagaye kwari |
Superfamily: | Muscoidea |
Subfamily: | Anthomyiinae |
Duba: | Frout tashi |
Fasaha mai tashi (lat. Delia platura) - wani nau'in tsararraki ne daga girlsan matan furanni. Ra'ayin yana da kusan kusan rabin yanki. Larvae sune kwari na seedlings da yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na bude da ƙasa. Shekaru 2-3 na tasowa a kowace shekara. Don rage lalacewa, ana bada shawara a haɗu da ayyukan gona, zaɓi na kyakkyawan lokacin shuka tsaba da kuma gabatarwar kwari. Daga nesa kusa Delia florilega tsiro zai iya bambanta ta hanyar imago ko hanyoyin hanyoyin kwayoyin.
Ilimin halitta
Suna ciyar da Tushen, harbe a ƙasa da kuma tushen albarkatu na tsire-tsire masu yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da cucumbers, wake, kabewa, kankana, wake, Peas, alayyafo, beets, dankali, kabeji, albasa, taba, masara. A larvae na sprout tashi iya shiga cikin aya farawar kwai capsules da kuma hallaka su. Larvae Delia platura galibi ana samunsu tare da sauran membobin usan halittar Delia .
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, a kudu na kewayon, ana iya samun ƙarni uku, a tsakiyar layi - ƙarni 2. Zamani na farko cikin yanayin yankin Samara ya bayyana a farkon shekarun Mayu, na biyu - a tsakiyar Yuni, kuma kwari na ƙarni na uku sun tashi a ƙarshen Yuli ko farkon watan Agusta. Tsawan lokacin ci gaba na biyu da na uku kusan kwanaki 40 48 kenan. Kwanan tashi da lokacin haɓaka ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Don haɓaka ƙarni na farko, adadin da ake buƙata na zazzabi mai tasiri shine 155 ° C, na biyu - 399 ° C, na uku - 301 ° C.
Suna hibernate a cikin ƙasa a matakin almajirin zuwa zurfin 20 cm. Manya sun tashi daga farkon Mayu zuwa Satumba. Matar lays qwai kusa da shuka shuka a kan ƙasa. Tsawan lokacin tayi ne daga kwana 2 zuwa bakwai. Bayan ya fita daga kwan, ɗan tsutsa ya sami tsirrai da tsirrai daban-daban. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-12 don haɓaka larvae. Bayan ci gaban ya cika, larvae pupate, kuma bayan kwanaki 10-14, kwari na biyu ke tashi. Manya suna zaune tsawon kwanaki 10-12. Nazarin da aka gudanar a Iowa (Amurka) ya nuna cewa larvae na yar ƙwaya mai saurin kwari yana iya shiga yanayin lokacin bazara.
Lalacewa da matakan sarrafawa
Mafi haɗari sune larvae na ƙarni na farko. Suna lalata tsaba da seedlingsan albarkatu da yawa. Manya sun shiga cikin yaduwar cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi daban-daban. Ana amfani da magungunan kwari don yaƙar ƙwanƙwasawar tashi, wacce ake amfani da ita zuwa ƙasa ko kuma ga tsaba. Rashin dacewar amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari ya haɗa da haɓaka juriya a cikin kwaro da kuma guba da wasu shirye-shiryen iri. Matakan da zasu iya hana lalacewa daga kwari da suka fito sun hada da tiringe kafin a fara shukawa da kuma jerin ranakun shuka iri mai kyau. Don shawo kan tsutsa da ƙwayar albasa, an gwada wata hanya wacce ta ƙunshi haɓakar wucin gadi na larvae a abinci tare da cobalt na rediyo (Co 60). Shigar ciki yana haifar da bayyanar kwari kwari, wanda aka saki a cikin gidajen kore.
Yaɗa
Turai, Arewacin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan da Asia ta Tsakiya, Siberiya, Arewacin Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu, New Zealand, Australia da Argentina. Ba a lura da shi a arewa maso gabas ta kudu Amurka ba, a Yammacin Afirka, Indiya, Malesiya da Indonesia. Hanyoyin halittar guda biyu daban-daban na tsintsiya suna tashi ne daga tsarin binciken DNA. Layin, wanda aka tsara shi da AAG2511, ya bazu cikin Turai, Asiya, wanda aka samo a Greenland, gabashin Kanada da Alaska. Ana samun layin AAA3453 a Kanada da Amurka, Costa Rica da Afirka ta Kudu.