Howler shine biri mafi yawan wahala * Dabbobi masu shayarwa

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Ga mutumin da ya fara ganin kansa a cikin gandun dajin Kudancin Amurka wanda ya kusanto yana jin sautin zaki ko kuma wani babban dabbar da mummuna. Kuma yawanci yana mamakinsa idan yasan cewa waɗannan saututtuka masu ban tsoro ba babban maƙiyi ne ya yi su ba, amma ta ɗan ƙaramin biri mai zafi. An kira ta, cikin girmamawa da babbar kukan nata, mai neman tashin hankali.

Maza ba dabbobi masu haɗari ba kwata-kwata. Akasin haka, su birai itace salama. Ganin wannan halittar, mutum zaiyi mamakin dalilinda yasa yakamata ya buga irin wannan kara mai girma.

Mazauna, jinsunan howler

Howlers (Aloautta) - wakilan dangin birai da aka suturta su (capuchins). Suna da shimfida mafi girman yanki idan aka kwatanta da sauran birai na New World. An samo shi daga kudancin Mexico zuwa arewacin Argentina. Yawancin nau'o'in gandun daji, tsintsaye, da savannahs na daji. Sun hau zuwa tsayin mita 2500 sama da matakin teku. Fi son ƙananan ƙananan da na tsakiyar gandun daji.

A danginsu, howlers sune manyan birai. Tsawon jikinsu dangane da nau'in ya bambanta daga 45 zuwa 63 cm, taro yana iya kaiwa har zuwa kilo 9. Mayafin waɗannan firam ɗin ya daɗe sosai, launin yana bambanta daga haske zuwa ja zuwa baƙi.

Wutsiya ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki. Gabaɗaya, wutsiyar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa: biri yayi amfani dashi azaman karin hannun (ya riƙe shi ta reshe, ya kama abubuwa da dama, da sauransu). Yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi cewa mayler zai iya ɗaure saƙo tare da ƙarshen wutsiyarsa kuma ya rataye kansa har tsawon lokaci.

Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan 6 a cikin halittar Aloautta.

1) Howler ta Amurka (Alouatta pigra)

Tana faruwa ne a gabar Yucatan (Mexico), a Guatemala, Belize.

Mafi yawan jinsunan. Mayafin yana da laushi, baki.

2) Jikan Columbia Howler (Alouatta coibensis)

Yana zaune a Tsakiyar Amurka.

Katako daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki, tare da turaren zinare a bayan, a gefunan jiki mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa

3) Red howler (Alouatta seniculus)

Yana faruwa daga arewacin Colombia zuwa tsakiyar Bolivia.

Mayafin launin ruwan kasa-brown, ciki ya fi sauƙi, gemu yayi duhu.

4) Jarumi dauke da makamai (Alouatta belzebul)

Tana zaune a kudancin Amazonia daga Kogin Madeira har zuwa tekun Atlantika.

Launin rigar ta daga launin ruwan kasa-baki zuwa baƙi, paws da tip na wutsiya suna da ja.

5) Kawa howler (Alouatta guariba)

Mazaunan Tekun Atlantika na Brazil.

Mayafin yana da baki, launin ruwan kasa ko ja mai duhu, mace tayi haske fiye da maza.

6) Black howler (Alouatta caraya)

An samo shi a kudancin Brazil, a Bolivia da Argentina.

Maza gaba daya baƙi ne, mace mace ce mai ruwan zaitun.

Abincin

Babban kayan abinci na mayr ganye ne. Itaciyar itaciya tana rufe da ciyawa mai yawa duk shekara, don haka basu da matsala wajen samun abinci.

Tare da irin wannan yalwar ganye, mutum zai iya yin mamakin dalilin da yasa sauran jinsunan birai basu zama cin ganye ba. Tabbas, yawancin magabatan na wurare masu zafi basa cinye ganye a yawan adadin masu gudu, wasu kuma basa cin su kwata-kwata.

Amma ganyayyaki suna da gagarumin rabe-rabe - suna da ƙananan kalori. Domin haɓaka ƙarfin dawowar su, howlers dole ne su zaɓi zaɓaɓɓu. Suna neman matasa ne kawai, waɗanda suke da tushen tushen ƙarfin kuzari.

A ganyen howler kadai zasu iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa, amma in ya yiwu, suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni.

Yadda masu aikin dole ke yin aiki da wani tsari mai tsafta na samar da makamashi, wanda ke da alaƙa da abincinsu mai kalori. Ba sa ɓata kuzarinsu a banza: fiye da rabin lokacin rana, dabbobi suna bacci ko kuma kawai shakata, kuma suna ba da ragowar lokacin abinci.

Yadda masu aikin suka nuna rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin maza da mata. Aikin maza shi ne kare garken daga masu farauta da sasanta rikici tsakanin dangi. Da babbar murya da kuka, suna da'awar 'yancin bishiyoyi a cikin yankin garken. Mata kuwa, a halin yanzu, sun sadaukar da kansu sosai wajen kula da zuriya.

Me yasa suke hayaniya?

Ana jin kukan wadannan birai a matsayin mafi karfi a cikin mulkin dabbobi. Ana iya sauraron su tsawon kilomita 1.6. Charles Darwin ya hango cewa a cikin tsaka-tsaki, namiji wanda ya yi kururuwa da ƙarfi, don haka ya nuna ƙarfinsa kuma ya jawo hankalin yawancin mata. An tabbatar da wannan zato ga wasu nau'in kwalayen biri, amma game da mahauta, har yanzu akwai ƙaramin shaida don tallafawa wannan.

A cewar wata ka'ida, garken mawaƙa da kukansu suna da'awar hakkin bishiyoyi. Wannan zato kamar gaskiya ne, amma yanayin juyin halittar tsiro yana buƙatar ƙarin binciken. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da bincike na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka game da hawaye-rayuwar masu neman aiki waɗanda ke amsa waɗannan tambayoyin.

Maharbaƙi suna fitar da kukansu mai kama da yaƙi, suna hura iska ta cikin rami a cikin wani ƙara girman ɗawainiya da hawayensu. Karancin laryngeal a cikin maza ya fi girma fiye da na mace. Sautunan da maza ke da nau'ikan nau'ikan sun dogara da girman guringuntsi. Gan wasan zaki na howler yana da gwanayen ƙwayar cuta mafi girma a cikin mahaifa fiye da na ƙasar Colombia. Kukan farkon yayi kama da baƙin ciki mai zurfi, yayin da na biyu yayi kama da ruri.

Dukkanin mazajen garken sukan gudanar da waƙoƙin faɗakarwa "waƙoƙin waƙoƙi", wanda maza wasu mahara suka amsa. Yankunan da makiyaya suka mallaki wasu yankuna sun mamaye filayen sauran garkunan. Idan maza kuka a cikin asuba, kuma duk lokacin da garken ya garzaya zuwa wani sabon wurin ciyarwa, to hakan kan yada bayanai game da inda suke zuwa makiyayan makwabta.

Idan garke biyu suka hadu, wani abin da ba a iya tsammani ba ya tashi. Duk mutane, musamman mazan maza, suna farawa, tsalle, gudu, wani lokacin kuma suna faɗa. Mace daga garken biyu suna ta gudu suna watsawa wani lokacin kuma suna ɓacewa cikin daji. A bayyane, domin kauce wa rashin jituwa tsakanin garkunan, maza suna ruri.

Maharba suna da matsayi tsakanin garke. Ya danganta ne da halayen fada da daidaituwa tsakanin maza manya. Sauraren kukan mahara na garken mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi zai iya gujewa karowa tare da shi don kiyaye ƙarfin su. Amma garken mai ƙarfi a lokaci guda yana da fa'ida, tunda membobin sa basu da ikon kare bishiyoyi.

Don haka, dalilin yin ruri shi ne taimaka wa birai suyi amfani da wurin rayuwarsu ta hanya mafi kyau kuma ba wahala daga karancin abinci ba.

Howler biri biri fasali da mazauninsu

Biri biri howler - daya daga cikin manyan birai a Brazil. Ta samu sunanta daga bugun zuciya kururuwaana jin wannan na tsawon kilomita da dama. Ya danganta da mazauni, sutura na iya zama ja, haske ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, baki cikin launi.

Babu gashi a jikin mucks, muƙamuƙin ya faɗi sarari, an faɗaɗa shi kaɗan. Primate yana da tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, suna ba ku damar samun kwakwa ku sha madara ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Fraarfin ɓangaren mucks ɗin yana lullube ta da gemu mai kyau. Kowane dunkuyar tana da dunƙulen hannu biyar. Endarshen wutsiya mai balbal ne saboda yawan amfani dashi; ana samun scallops da alamu masu tsarin gaba ɗayan tsawon.

Homelandasar ana ɗauka Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka. Biri biri a cikin kurmi mai yawa. Yana son yin sulhu tsakanin thean sandal. Shi kwararren kwarangwal ne, kuma wutsiyarsa mai motsi tana aiki kamar matsarm ta biyar.

Mafi yawan abin da suke so shine su zauna a reshe kuma suna buga manyan sassan. Game da shi, jefa mai sauraro cikin rawar jiki, da kuma bai wa dangi wata alama game da yankinsu.

Yawancin nau'in halitta howler biri - tsakiyar Amurkawa ne (suna zaune a arewacin Kudancin Amurka da Mexico) da ja (Guiana da Venezuela). Tsawon jikin mutum ya tashi daga 40 zuwa 70 cm, wutsiyar tana da tsawon 50-75 cm, nauyinsa yakai kilo 10.

Takaddama mai kauri wacce take rufe jiki baki daya. Launin na iya zama ja, wani lokacin sai ya zama baki. Maza yawanci suna da gemu, wanda suke so bugun jini, kamar dai suna tunani. Mata sun yi karanci daga maza.

Musamman howler biri biri saboda kasancewar jakunkuna na makogwaro. Suna tattara yau da iska, lokacin da aka shayar da su, sai su gauraya, kuma a kan numfashi ana samun ruri. Wani abu kamar resonators na asali.

Ana son sanin komai

Shin ka san cewa farkon da yafi birgewa shine biri mai ban tsoro? Wakilin Columbia da babbar murya na wakilin wadannan dabbobin sun fi tsoratar da masu cin nasarar. Haka ne, Ee, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani - howler ya samo sunan shi saboda dalili. Wannan dabbar ta shahara saboda tsawarta daɗawa. The howler yawanci sa hayaniya safe da yamma. Mayar da kuka tana farawa ne daga mata, yawanci mace tana daukar sha'awar maza masu azaba.

Howlers sune manyan wakilai na dangin silsila mai silsila, in ba haka ba ana kiransu capuchins. Babban ayyuka a rayuwa ana gudanar dasu ta fuskoki 2: ciyarwa da ruri. A dare, birai suna barci. Gaskiya ne, wani lokacin sukanyi ruri cikin mafarki. Rahoton game da waɗannan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa yanzu ya kamata a ji.

Howlers (lat.Aloautta) - asalin halittar biri-biri ne na dangin Arachnids (Atelidae). Suna zaune a cikin ruwan sama da dazuzzuka na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, galibi suna zaune akan bishiyoyi. Howlers suna zaune a cikin rukunin dangi na mutane 15-18. Abincin da aka saba samu shine ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da fure. Yawancin shahararrun nau'ikan sune howler (Venezuela da Guiana) da kuma howler na Amurka (Mexico da arewacin arewacin Kudancin Amurka).
Penetrating, kusan idanun mutane, kamar dai su shiga cikin zurfin rai. Da alama dabbar ta fahimci mai shiga tsakanin ba tare da kalma ɗaya ba. Sun dace da gyaran gida, amma suna jin an kame su kuma yawanci kawai suna baƙin ciki. Zai fi kyau idan ɗan biri mai ci ke zaune a cikin fakitin cikakken rayuwa, kuma ba cikin keji ba.

The biri howler yana daya daga cikin manyan birai na Brazil. Ya samu sunan ta daga tsawa-bugar zuciya wanda za'a iya jin ta tsawon kilomita da dama. Ya danganta da mazaunin, sutturar na iya samun ja, haske ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, launi mai launi.

Babu gashi a jikin mucks, muƙamuƙin ya faɗi sarari, an faɗaɗa shi kaɗan. Primate yana da tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, suna ba ku damar samun kwakwa ku sha madara ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Fraarfin ɓangaren mucks ɗin yana lullube ta da gemu mai kyau. Kowane dunkuyar tana da dunƙulen hannu biyar. Endarshen wutsiya mai balbal ne saboda yawan amfani dashi; ana samun scallops da alamu masu tsarin gaba ɗayan tsawon.

Kukan kukan macijin yana faruwa ne sakamakon kasancewar jakadun makogwaro. Suna tattara yau da iska, lokacin da aka shayar da su, sai su gauraya, kuma a kan numfashi ana samun ruri. Wani abu kamar resonators na asali.

The biri howler dabba ce mai nutsuwa da dabi'a, mai aiki a lokacin rana da rana. Damuwarsu ta yau da kullun sune yawon shakatawa na ƙasa, kuma a fili zaku iya cin abinci mai daɗi. A cikin dare suna barci cikakke, amma wasu maza ba sa daina yin kuka da daddare. Firamare suna zaune a cikin yan uwa, wanda adadin ya kama daga 15 zuwa 17 mutane.

A cikin rukuni akwai namiji daya mai rinjaye kuma mataimakinsa, suna da mata dayawa a hannunsu. Uwargida da kanta zata baka damar sanin shiri game da ma'amala. Idan babban namiji bai shirya ba, to sai ta sauya sheka zuwa mataimaki. Wata hayaniya ce da mata masu shela ke bayyanar da cewa wannan yankin nasu ne. Koyaya, babu wani yanki a bayyane, sau da yawa ana gwabza fada tsakanin shugabannin kungiyoyi. A cikin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe marasa daidaituwa, maza da yawa suna mutuwa. Yaki wani lokaci yakan faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mace ta jawo hankalinta ga namiji daga ƙungiyar maƙwabta. Fights suna da wuya sosai, kuma mai nasara koyaushe yana ƙare wanda aka azabtar.

Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun wallafa sakamakon binciken maƙogwaron roƙon mai jijiya. Sun ce cewa hyoid kashi yana aiki a matsayin resonator. Mafi girma shi ne, da karfi roar. Masana ilimin kimiyya kuma sun gano ingantacciyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin adadin sauti da girman nau'in halittar biri. Idan dabbar ta cika lokaci mai tsawo, to wannan kawai yayi magana ne game da rashin iyawa ta musamman, kamar namiji. Kuma tare da akai ruri yana kiran mace daya lokaci.
Maza marasa galihu sun kai kusan mita a tsawon. Kawunansu daidai yake. Yana da bayyanar da ba a saba gani ba: a cikin ƙananan wutsiyar wutsiya a cikin ciki akwai wani makirci ba tare da ulu tare da alamu da tarin fuka kan fata. Godiya garesu, dodon birni suna yin irin wannan motsi tare da wutsiyarsu, kamar dai karin ƙari ne. Tare da taimakon sa, sukan kama anda fruitsan, da ganyaye, a hankali kuma a hankali suna "bincika" dangi, suna shayar da jariran. Wutsiya tana da ƙarfi sosai don tana iya tallafawa nauyin jikin dabbar idan ta rataye a gefe. Lowerarshe da babba na howrs suna da yatsun hannu masu ƙarfi biyar waɗanda ke ɗauke da kusoshi masu lebur.

Kallon birai masu howler, da farko, kun kula da kai tare da fuska da gemu marasa gashi. Akwatin laryngeal wanda ya kara girma shima abin lura ne. “Tufafin” su na da fitowar launin baƙi, launin ruwan kasa, ja, mai jan karfe-jan d. Ightyoƙan manyan fanan proan iska da sarƙoƙi suna jan gaba, suna sa mutum ya zama mai tsoro.

Babban abincin da ke ci howler shine datsuous greenery of bishiyoyi, furanni, 'ya'yan itatuwa,' ya'yan itace, matasa buds da harbe. Wani lokaci zaku iya kallon yadda primate ke cusa ƙasa cikin bakinsa.

Da wannan, ya yi ƙoƙarin cire wariyar dukiya ta wasu tsirrai. Ma'adanai na ƙasa suna tattara abubuwa masu guba kuma, ba tare da haifar da lahani ba, ana keɓe su daga jiki. Tun da waɗannan birai masu cin ganyayyaki ne, kuma abincin shuka ba ya ba da ƙarfi sosai, ba sa yin tafiya mai nisa. Dukkanin iko ana darajarsu don kide kide da wake-wake na yau da kullun. Kuna iya lura da yadda birai suke yin ramuka na micro a cikin akwati kuma suna tsotse ruwan, suna da wadataccen abubuwa (abubuwan gina jiki), bitamin da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa.

Bayan balaga, mace na jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa kadan, tana ƙoƙarin kare kanta gwargwadon iko. Yana da tayin kwana 190, da wuya akwai tagwaye. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, jaririn ya manne da rigar mahaifiyar kuma a zahiri yake rayuwa a kai. Cuban wanda ya balaga ba shi da sauri ya bar mahaifin kuma yana iya rakiyar sa daga watanni 18 zuwa 24. Mace tana ciyar da jariri tare da madara, ita kyakkyawar uwa ce - mai kulawa da kulawa. Idan jaririn bai halarci ɗan wani lokaci ba, to, mahaifa koyaushe yakan kasance tare da shi. Lokacin da jariri ya kai ga balaga, mahaifiyar ta fara tsokanar zalunci don fitar da shi. Ganinta ba mai dadi bane, tunda biri yayi ta kokarin dawowa, zaku iya ganin hawaye. Sau da yawa akan kori samari na barawo don su fita daga asalin su ta asali saboda kada a sami halin yin zina. Hakanan ba sabon abu bane matasa su mutu cikin mummunan faɗa.

Primate suna bayyana halayyar goyon baya da kauna ta hanyar bugun dogon wutsiyarsu. Suna amfani da shi a cikin ladabi kuma a matsayin mai kula da jariri mai jin kunya. Kyakkyawan gani shine jerin birai masu launuka masu yawa, suna buɗe baki, suna ba da waƙar safe.

Habitat
Ana samun wannan nau'in birai a cikin gandun daji m na tsaunukan sassan Tsakiyar da Latin Amurka. Suna zaune a cikin manyan garkunan shanu. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya ganin su akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Bayan haka, akwai can da abinci mai yawa a cikin nau'i na fure, ganye mai kyau, fure, tsaba, waɗanda sune tushen abincinsu.

Kayan kide kide na Howlers
Kowace rana, da zaran rana ta haskaka, garken garke kusan 40 suna zuwa "wurin wasan" - manyan tutocin bishiyu. Na farko, kukan birgima howler birai a zahiri kuma a amintar da zama. Suna manne da wata gabar da ke bayanta, kuma wutsiyar tana daure da kafaffun reshe. Bayan wata alama, maza "masu son rai" - mazan da ke da sannu sun fara yin kururuwa a saman huhunsu. Wannan wani nau'i ne na Martial art, lokacin da kowannensu, ke busa makogwaron, roars, a hankali kuma yana kallon dangi. Bayan wani lokaci, riga da yawa na birrai talakawa, suna ihu "soloists", haɗaka cikin mawaƙa mai tsawa. Suna ta hargowar tsawon mintuna uku zuwa hudu don tsananin sauti da ƙarfi da cewa sautin ya bazu tsawon kilomita. Sa'annan "waƙar" ta shuɗe, tun da ya kai matakin ƙarshe. Akwai wani ɗan gajeren shuru, a cikin lokacin da howler birai ke ciyar, tattara ƙarfin su don sabon ruri.

Da rana, wani garken capuchins ya tafi dazuzzuka don cin abincin rana. Kuma a maraice, kukansu yana sake maimaita kewaye. Matafiya waɗanda suka gani, suka kuma ji masu kuwwa, suna masu bayyana “kide kide” a cikin bayanan tafiye-tafiyensu, koyaushe suna tambayar kansu: me yasa dabbobi ke ihu da babbar murya kuma menene dalilin safiya da maraice “kide kide”. An amsa tambaya ta farko nan da nan bayan an kammala nazarin mahayin. Sai dai itace cewa laryngeal sacs suna aiki azaman resonators. Don haka, sautukan da wakilan wannan dangin suke yi suna yawaita sau da yawa, suna zama da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Amma game da dalilin kukan wadannan mutanen, an yi zato da yawa. Na farko shine tsoratar da abokin gaba. Na biyu shine aikace-aikacen ƙasashen da suka mallaka, irin wannan nau'in kallon 'waƙoƙi'. Da alama kuna sha'awar saƙon game da waɗannan masu ban sha'awa amma ba a yi nazarin wakilan Capuchins ba tukuna.

Red howler, ko ja howler (lat.Alouatta seniculus) - ɗayan nau'in birai masu yawan fadi (Platyrrhini).
Red howlers, kamar sauran birai, sun inganta halayen zamantakewa. An haɗa wakilan wannan nau'in cikin rukuni na mutane biyar zuwa ashirin. Shugaban kungiyar tsoho ne. Wasu mazan mazan ma sunce matsayin jagorar kungiyar ne, saboda haka rikice-rikicen zakarun gasar sukan taso ne tsakanin maza.

Red howkers dabbobi ne masu yawan tashin hankali. A hankali suna hawa bishiyoyi da tsakanin su, suna rufe nisan kusan mita 400 a rana. Aiki yafi aiki da safe da rana. A dare sukan yi barci a cikin bishiyoyi. Tsawon namiji shine 85-100 cm; tsayin mace shine cm 74-89. Maza sunkai kilo 6.5 zuwa 8, mace tayi kankanta, nauyinsu yakai daga 4.5 zuwa 6.4 kg.

Abincin ya hada da gyada, ganye, bishiyoyi, iri iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni. Hanyoyin narkewa na jan howler yana da kyau sosai don dacewa da shuka kayan abinci: ya isa haka, ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda ke taimakawa narkewar abinci mai ƙarfi. Jariri ja ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, abokan tarayya sukan canza. Cutar ciki tana kwana 186-194. Koyaushe akwai ɗa ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Iya tana ciyar da jariri daga watanni 18 zuwa 24.

Maza da suka manyanta sune shugabannin ƙungiyar. Suna iya ƙirƙirar sababbin ƙungiyoyi ko ƙoƙarin murƙushe manyan maza. Lokacin balaga ya fara ne daga shekaru 3.5 zuwa shekaru hudu. Wasu masana kimiyyar sun gano kusan fannoni 9 na jan howler: Alouatta seniculus seniculus, A. s. arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis da A. s. sara. Yawancinsu ana gane su a matsayin masu daidaita tare da wasu ƙasashe. Bayanai daga A. s. tukuna ba tukuna.

Red howler ya zama ruwan dare gama gari daga Colombia zuwa Amazon da kuma Ecuador zuwa tsakiyar Bolivia. Halin kare nau'in halittar - haifar da ƙarancin damuwa (Ingilishi Least damuwa).

Mawakiyar Amurka ta Tsakiya (lat.Alouatta pigra) - ɗan asalin yanki daga dangin arachnids. Ana samo shi a cikin gandunan ruwan sama na Belize, Guatemala da Mexico.

Mazaunan Amurkawa na Tsakiya sune mafi girman nau'ikan masu howkers kuma ɗayan manyan ƙasashe na Sabuwar Duniya. Maza wannan nau'in sune mafi girma firam na Tsakiyar Amurka. Nauyin maza yakai kimanin kilo 11.4, nauyin mace yana kan nauyin 6.4. Tsawon jiki daga 521 zuwa 639 mm. Tsawon wutsiya ya kasance daga 590 zuwa 690 mm. Mayafin yana da tsawo, baƙi. Nau'in riƙewa. Mayafin sabbin jarirai mai launin ruwan kasa, yana duhu da tsufa. Maza sunfi shekaru hudu suna da farin scrotum.

Morphologically saba da shuka abinci. Ganyayen suna da babban abu, suna taimaka wa wadannan dabbobin su tauna ganye. Maza suna da babban kashin hyoid, wanda ke zama mai tayar da hankali lokacin da aka fitar da sautin kukan da ake yi, wanda wakilan dangi ke san su.

Dabbobin rana na rana. Kirkiro kananan kananan kungiyoyi, wanda daya ko biyu maza suka samu, rabo daga adadin mata zuwa adadin maza yakai na 1.3. A cikin rukunin, yawanci daga mutane 2 zuwa 16, ciki har da kananan dabbobi. Yankin ƙungiyar ya kasance daga 3 zuwa 25. Yawancin jama'a na iya wuce mutum 250 a cikin km2.

A cikin abincin, galibi ganye da andya fruitsyan itãcen marmari, waɗanda furanni da tsaba suka cika tare da su.

Mata sun kai ga balaga tun suna shekaru 4, maza daga baya, yana da shekaru 6-8. Bayan sun isa ga balaga, maza yawanci suna barin kungiyar, mata suna zama. Tsammani na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.

Unionungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta sanya nau'in kiyaye yanayin "Tsarin rayuwa", tunda, bisa ƙididdigar shekarar 2008, yawan jama'a ya ragu da kashi 60% cikin shekaru 30 (ƙarni 3). Babbar barazanar da ke haifar da nau'in ita ce lalata mazauni, farauta da cinikin haram ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Babu wata illa daga wadannan dabbobi ga mutane. Amma fa fa'idar ita ce yawan mutanen karkara suna cin naman mai ƙonawa. Hakanan an sani cewa ana amfani da waɗannan birai don dalilai na kimiyya. Dabba a yau tana kan gaba. Aka lissafa howler a cikin Babban taron CITES azaman matsayin lambobi wadanda lambobin su ke raguwa sosai. Ofayan matsalolin da ke damun wannan cuta ce takamaiman cuta wacce take haifar da ƙazamin ƙazamin tsuntsu a makogwaron mai zafin.

Halin hali da salon rayuwar biri

Biri biri howler da dabi'a dabba mai natsuwa, mai aiki a lokacin rana. Damuwarsu ta yau da kullun sune yawon shakatawa na ƙasa, kuma a fili zaku iya cin abinci mai daɗi. A cikin dare suna barci cikakke, amma wasu maza ba sa daina yin kuka da daddare. Firamare suna zaune a cikin yan uwa, wanda adadin ya kama daga 15 zuwa 17 mutane.

Howler biri biri maza suna da gemu

Hayaniya ce ta maza kukan tabbatar da cewa wannan ita ce yankinsu. Koyaya, babu wani yanki a bayyane, sau da yawa ana gwabza fada tsakanin shugabannin kungiyoyi. A cikin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe marasa daidaituwa, maza da yawa suna mutuwa.

Yaki wani lokaci yakan faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mace ta jawo hankalinta ga namiji daga ƙungiyar maƙwabta. Fights suna da wuya sosai, kuma mai nasara koyaushe yana ƙare wanda aka azabtar.

Masana ilimin kimiyya kwanan nan sun buga sakamakon binciken bugun hauka yaya. Sun ce cewa hyoid kashi yana aiki a matsayin resonator. Mafi girma shi ne, da karfi roar.

Masana ilimin kimiyya kuma sun gano ingantacciyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin adadin sauti da girman nau'in halittar biri. Idan dabbar ta cika lokaci mai tsawo, to wannan kawai yayi magana ne game da rashin iyawa ta musamman, kamar namiji. Kuma tare da akai ruri yana kiran mace daya lokaci.

Howler biri biri

Babban abinci howler biri - shi ne deciduous greenery bishiyoyi, furanni, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari,' ya'yan itãcen marmari, matasa buds da harbe. Wani lokaci zaku iya kallon yadda primate ke cusa ƙasa cikin bakinsa.

Dukkanin iko ana darajarsu don kide kide da wake-wake na yau da kullun. Kuna iya lura da yadda birai suke yin ramuka na micro a cikin akwati kuma suna tsotse ruwan, suna da wadataccen abubuwa (abubuwan gina jiki), bitamin da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa.

Sake buguwa da rayuwar rayuwar howler

Bayan balaga, mace na jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa kadan, tana ƙoƙarin kare kanta gwargwadon iko. Yana da tayin kwana 190, da wuya akwai tagwaye.

Hoto ɗan akuya ne mai ƙwaƙwalwa

Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, jaririn ya manne da rigar mahaifiyar kuma a zahiri yake rayuwa a kai. Cuban wanda ya balaga ba shi da sauri ya bar mahaifin kuma yana iya rakiyar sa daga watanni 18 zuwa 24.

Mace tana ciyar da jariri tare da madara, ita kyakkyawar uwa ce - mai kulawa da kulawa. Idan jaririn bai halarci ɗan wani lokaci ba, to, mahaifa koyaushe yakan kasance tare da shi.

Lokacin da jariri ya kai ga balaga, mahaifiyar ta fara tsokanar zalunci don fitar da shi. Ganinta ba mai dadi bane, tunda biri yayi ta kokarin dawowa, zaku iya ganin hawaye.

Sau da yawa samari maza howler biri kawai ana fitar da su daga rukunin ƙasarsu don kada a sami lalata. Hakanan ba sabon abu bane matasa su mutu cikin mummunan faɗa.

Tsawon rayuwar farauta baƙar fata a cikin vivo ya kai shekaru 15 zuwa 20. A cikin zaman talala, akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da amincin ya rayu ya zama dozin uku. Kowane photo na howler biri janyo hankalin tare da maganadisu. Tunanin wayo ne kusan idanun mutane. Fuskokin fuskoki, motsi, amsawa ga kalmomi da sautuna - wannan kawai sake tabbatar da cewa su danginmu ne na nesa.

Primate suna bayyana halayyar goyon baya da kauna ta hanyar bugun dogon wutsiyarsu. Suna amfani da shi a cikin ladabi kuma a matsayin mai kula da jariri mai jin kunya. Gangan gani mai daɗi - Waɗannan suna cikin jere a jere masu launuka masu yawa howler birai, baki bude, bada wakar asuba.

Alamomin waje na mai jan howler

Maza na ginger howler suna da tsawon tsayin 49-72 santimita, nauyi - 5.2 - 7.0 kilo, mace 46-57 cm tsayi da nauyin 4.1 - 5.0. Wutsiya tana da tsayi - 51-73 cm, a kan bango ita ce tsirara ta uku, tana yin aikin tsakuwa.

Launin rigar yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja ko tan. Jawo yana da tsawo da laushi, kamar siliki. A wuya ne lokacin farin ciki. Mage ba shi da gashi, amma tare da gefuna tare da sutura. Gashin hanci ya tashi. Jawarancin muƙamuƙi yana haɓaka ci gaba, wanda aka daidaita don niƙa abinci mai tsire-tsire.

Jaaƙƙarfan jaws, haɓaka ƙansu da kayan aikin hyoid suna ba da gudummawa ga aikin resonator. Dsararraki masu haɓaka da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu ba da izini suna ba da izinin mai jan gashi mai iya magana mai sauti, grunts, runls da barks. Manyan motsi na sama suna da kaifi, ya zama dole don ingantaccen nika daga rassan da ganye.

Cutar gwal na da girma, asirin da ke dauke da enzymes wanda ke rushe tannins na ganyen, yana sauƙaƙa narkewar abinci a ciki da hanjin. Jiki ya kusan 1/3 na jiki.

Red Howler Abincin

Red howler ci ganye, 'ya'yan itatattun marasa marmari, gansakuka, haushi, kwayoyi, fure. Abincin ya hada da nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 195 daga iyalai 47. Irin wannan abincin ba shi da yawa a cikin adadin kuzari, saboda yana ƙunshe da fiber mai yawa, don haka jiki yana karɓar ƙarancin kuzari.

Red howler shima yana ciyar da kwari da lardin su, wani lokacin yakan kama ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Kwayoyin cuta suna rayuwa a cikin tsarin narkewa kamar abinci, suna taimakawa wajen shayar da kayan abincin tsiro, wanda yake kunshe da sinadarin cellulose.

Wani lokaci birai na dogon lokaci suna cin ganye kawai, amma jikinsu baya samun rashi na abubuwan gano abubuwa da abubuwan gina jiki. Red howler ke yada iri na kashi 95% na nau'ikan shuka a cikin yanayin halittu.

Siffofin halayen jan howler

Red howlers - mazauna gandun daji masu cin rai kuma galibin rayukansu akan bishiyoyi. Sun fi son zama a tsakiyar babban bene, kodayake suna iya zama a kowane matakin girgizo, kuma suna iya gangara ƙasa don shawo kan ƙananan nisa tsakanin bishiyoyin ƙasa.

Red howrs suna bacci na tsawon awanni 15, kashi 70% na duk lokacin da suke kwantawa akan bishiyun bishiya. Da gari ya waye, birai suna yin kururuwa da ƙarfi, don haka suna sadarwa tare da wasu makarantu, suna ƙayyade wurin da sauran danginsu da lambobin su.

Usuallyungiyar yawanci tana da kusan mutane 10, waɗanda headedan’wararru maza ke jagoranta.

A lokaci guda, rikice-rikice koyaushe yana tashi a cikin shirya don jagoranci. Saboda haka, samari maza suna barin rukunin don tattara garkensu. Wasu lokuta samari matasa suna ƙoƙarin rinjaye jakar, yayin da suke lalata masu fafatukar - wasu samari maza. Tabbas, mace tana kiyaye su, amma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kwatankwacinsu suna rayuwa.

Red howrs suna aiki da safe da maraice. Suna tafiya tare da rassan tare da taimakon wata gabar jiki da wutsiya, suna amfani da shi don daidaitawa da kuma ɗaga rassan tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A cikin ruwan sama, masu saukar ungulu suna zama marasa motsi a jikin bishiyoyi, suna jiran ƙarshen ruwan sama.

Jinyar ginger howler

Red howrs ke haifarwa duk shekara. Ana kafa vapors kafin lokacin kiwo. Mace tayi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin namiji tare da ƙwanƙolin ƙugu na ƙashin ƙugu, namiji, yana shirye don daskarewa, ya amsa kiran. Ta haifi ɗa guda 7 na watanni, bayan bayyanar nauyinta shine gram 263 kawai. Bayan haihuwa, ya manne wa rigar mahaifiyarsa kuma yana motsawa tare da ita a cikin wani rataye, sannan ya ja baya.

Ciyar da madara na iya ci gaba tsawon shekaru 1.5 - 2. Lokacin yana da shekara daya, matashi howler ya iya rike rassanta zuwa wutsiyarsa. Sauran mata ba tare da 'yan ƙwai suna tayarwa ba. Matsakaici tsakanin haihuwar shekara shine watanni 16.6, idan thean ya mutu, mace tana haihuwar ta biyu. Matasa mata sun sami damar ba da zuriya tun yana da shekaru 5, maza daga baya, suka kai shekaru 7. A dabi'a, ja howlers rayuwa game da shekaru 15, a fursuna tsawon - shekaru ashirin da biyar.

Koyaushe akwai ɗa ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Iya za ta iya ciyar da shi har zuwa shekaru 2.

Matsayin Conservation na ginger howler

Red howler shine wani nau'in halittar magabata na yau da kullun. A cikin gandun daji na Brazil, yana da yawa, amma a wasu wurare adadin nau'in ya ragu saboda lalata mazauninsu. Bugu da kari, ana kama dabbobi don siyarwa da kuma harbe don nama. Matsakaicin kiyayewar ɗan gwal howler shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in damuwa.

Duba: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus = Ginger [Red] Howler

Dabbobi: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus = Ginger [Red] Howler

Red howler, ja howler: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 - yana zaune ne a arewacin Kudancin Amurka daga Columbia zuwa Venezuela. Red howler rajista ne a Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana ta Faransa, Peru, Suriname da Venezuela.

Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan dabbobi a cikin birai na Amurka, girman babban kare. Fusoshin tsirara ne, bugu da ƙugiya, tare da manyan muzzles da hanci masu tasowa. Maharba ja suna da wuyar ƙarfi da kuma jujjuyawar ƙananan ƙananan raƙumi, wanda ke ba su bayyanar firgita da magana mai ban sha'awa.

Red howlers suna da dogon gashi, silky. Duka maza da mata suna da dogon wutsiya mai kama da juna, wacce take rufe danshin fur ban da banbance ta uku, wacce babu ita. Wannan gyara ne don kama rassan wutsiya.

Red howlers suna da manyan motsi na sama tare da kaifi mai kaifi, wanda suke amfani da shi don nika harbe-harben, manyan glandan gwal suna taimakawa tsarin narkewar abinci da rushe tannins da ke cikin tsiron shuka kafin abinci ya isa ciki da hanjin.

Launin rigar yana da launi mai laushi ko tan, ko da yake inuwarta ta canza ɗan lokaci tare da shekaru.

Red howlers ana nuna shi ta hanyar yin jima'i a cikin girman jikin mutum. Tsawon kai da jikin mace shine cm 46-57, maza sunkai 49-72 cm, tsumagiyar wutsiya (49-75 cm). A matsakaita, nauyin jikin howler shine kilogiram 4-6-6.5, bisa ga wasu bayanan shi ya bambanta da 5700-7400 g, yayin da matsakaicin nauyin maza da mata shine 6.690 g da 5.210 g, bi da bi.

Jariri mai walwala yana zaune a cikin ruwan dazuzzukan da ke cike da tsaunuka da tsaftatacce.

Abokan gaba: Mikiya hargulu sun sami nasarar farauta samari ba kawai, harma da maharbi masu jan ido. Akwai abin kallo yayin da wata babbar harba ta afka wa wani saurayi dattijo, ya kama ta da firam dinsa kuma ya dauke ta kimanin mita 30 ta cikin iska. Abin sha'awa shine, mikiya masu nauyi a kasa da maza masu girma.

Yawancin matasa suna mutuwa daga mazajen baƙi waɗanda ke mamaye ƙungiyar dangi. Kuma kodayake iyaye mata suna ƙoƙarin kare jariransu, kashi 25 cikin 100 ne kawai ke rayuwa cikin nasara. Kashewar jarirai shine babban dalilin mace-macen yara a tsakanin masu aikin jan ido.

A bayyane yake, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 25, cikin yanayi - ƙasa da ƙasa. Animalaya daga cikin dabbobi da aka haife shi har yanzu yana raye bayan shekara 22.8 a zaman bauta

Red howrs - sanannen don "waƙar asuba": wani kururuwa mai amo wanda ana iya jinsa a nesa mai nisan kilomita 5. Wannan rawar takaici, wanda maza suka yi shi ne, duk sauran gungun mafiya yawan tsofaffi ne ke amsawa daga kunnuwa. Don haka, yanke hukunci guda ɗaya na iya sanar da ɗayan game da abin da ya ƙunsa da ainihin matsayinsa, waɗanda suke guje wa tashe-tashen hankula masu tsada sakamakon rikice-rikice da sarrafa albarkatu.Kari akan wannan, wannan kiran yana sanarda dabbobi da dabbobi game da inda suke danginsu.

Red howlers ne farkon kore-masu ci, ciyar da yafi kan matasa ganye da harbe da kuma 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Ganyayyaki suna ɗauke da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, amma hanjin mai howler yana da ɓangarori biyu inda ƙwayoyin cuta da ke narkewar sel suke zaune. Jiki ya sha kashi daya bisa uku na jiki. Lowerarancin maɓallin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi shima yana taimakawa sosai ta ɗanɗano ganyen. Howlers za su iya cin ganye guda ɗaya na tsawon makonni, ba tare da wahala musamman ga ƙarancin abubuwan abinci ko abubuwan da aka gano ba.

Red howrs kuma inganta narkewa da ingancin abinci, suna zaɓar da farko m matasa harbe da suke da matukar gina jiki. Bugu da kari, suna cin kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki, da furanni idan an samu su. Kananan dabbobi kuma galibi ana cin su idan birrai suka kama su. Wadannan ciyarwa suna da mahimmancin ƙari ga abincin biri, wanda shine 40% kore kore.

Maharba sukan kwashe kusan dukkan rayuwarsu a matakin farko na gandun daji, inda suke ciyar da ganyayyaki, fure, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Saboda ƙarancin kalori na abincin da aka cinye, ana tilasta masu jan wuta don adana ƙarfin su ta hanyar motsawa a hankali da kaɗan cikin gandun daji, suna rufe kusan 400 m kowace rana. Manyan searan adam suna neman abinci don naúrar a cikin rawanin gandun daji.

Birai sun fi yin aiki da safe da maraice, suna hutawa galibin tsakiyar rana dare da rana, suna barci a cikin bishiyoyi. Godiya ga karbuwarsu da saurin su, suna iya samun damar yin bacci awanni 15 a rana.

Wannan nau'in yana amfani da wutsiyarsa lokacin motsawa azaman tallafi da kuma daidaita daidaituwa, amma musamman lokacin ciyarwa, don cire reshe tare da magani.

Masu raunin bakin ruwa suna jin daɗin dariya game da ranakun ruwan sama a lokacin damina mai zafi.Don amsa yawan ruwan sama, sukan yi kuka kafin su kusanto, kuma da farkon ruwan sama suna zama ba motsi, suna ta ɗora har sai ruwan sama ya ƙare.

Jim kadan bayan wayewar gari, kowane gungun mahauta, a wani wuri mai nisan kusan 20 m sama da kasa, suna yin aƙalla aƙalla mintuna 15 cikin waƙoƙin babbar waƙoƙi, sun katse don sauke numfashi, da sauraren waƙoƙin maƙwabta na mahara.

Maza matasa maza suna zaune a waje da tawagar lokacin da suka balaga. Da yake sun balaga, suna neman sabbin toan wasan da za su kasance tare da shi. Neman sabon yanke hukunci, namiji yakan kashe duk zuriyarsa ta wacce ta gabata, mafi girman maza, wanda ya dauki nauyinta, don tabbatar da cewa bai bata lokaci ba da gangan, yana kallon yaran wani biri, amma ya ci gaba da haihuwa.

Howlers suna zaune a cikin gungun dangi na mutane 5-40, daga cikinsu guda ɗaya, ba sau biyu ba - maza manya.

Bayan sun balaga, za a kori samari daga rukunin dangi kuma an tilasta musu neman sabon garken. A yayin da aka yarda da namiji, sai ya fara lamuran samari, yana nuna rashin gamsuwarsa da wasu zuriya, sai dai nasa. Iyaye mata sun kare yara, amma a wannan yanayin, bayan zaluntar maza, babu sama da 25% na dukkan zuriya suna rayuwa. Bayan haihuwa, maraƙi ya zama abin kula da mata da yawa, kusan waɗannan matan waɗanda basu da zuriya suna kula da shi. Maza suna jure wa zuriyarsu, sun bar theya toan rakuma su yi tafiya da su.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan farauta, sun fara haifuwa duk shekara. Koyaya, bisa la’akari da lura daga Venezuela, ba lallai ne a haifi zuriya ba a lokacin damina daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Ana maimaita hanyoyin zagayowar a duk ranakun 16-20, kuma mace ta zama mai saukin kamuwa da daskarewa da juna biyu har tsawon kwanaki 2-4.

Bayan haihuwa, jarirai yawanci sukan zama abin kula da mata da yawa waɗanda suka zama ƙungiyar. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan mata ne ba tare da babiesa babiesan jariransu ba, kuma illolinsu yana jan hankalin waɗannan jariran. Mata suna da abokantaka sosai ga jarirai. Yawancin lokaci har ma wani lokacin suna ba da damar jariri ya yi biris da su.

Halin da suka dace na jan masu howkers wani bangare ne mai ban sha'awa game da ma'amalarsu ta zamantakewa. Maza da mata sun zama ma'aurata, tare da dangantakar kusancinsu da kekantaccen yanayi, kafin ma a sami wata dangantaka ta jima'i. Da zarar an kafa wadannan ƙungiyoyi, buƙatun jima'i da nacewa farawa. Dukda cewa dukkan maza da mata za su iya yin lalata, amma mace galibi kan iya taka rawar gani. Oƙarin jawo hankalin namiji, mace ta kusance shi kuma tayi motsi da ƙashin ƙugu. Namiji yakan amsa mata daidai da hanya, amma idan bai yi irin wannan motsin ba, macen tana ƙoƙarin lalata da wani namiji ne.

Yawancin lokaci ana yin gasa tsakanin mahaukata, membobin da ke cikin rukunin maza, wadanda suka kunshi samari maza da suka riga sun girma, sun zo ga maza da mata da ke zama a kungiyar mata (gauraya) a ƙoƙarin zama memba. Maza waɗanda aka kora daga ƙungiyoyinsu waɗanda aka haife su, yanzu, lokacin da suka balaga, dole ne su mamaye wata ƙungiya don samun damar shiga cikin mata. Idan sun yi nasara, galibi, da farko, suna lalata bornan jariran da suka rage a rukunin daga maza na baya, tare da burin barin zuriyarsu kawai.

Haihuwa: kwanaki 140-190. Cubaya daga cikin ɗan an haife shi, amma sanannu ne sanannu biyu na tagwaye. Yawan nauyin jarirai a lokacin haihuwa ya kai 263 g .. jarirai ba su da wata taimako kuma suna karkashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu, suna manne wa jugunta a ciki. A tsawon lokaci, da yayi balaguron kadan, sai ya koma baya mahaifiyarsa, bugu da holdingari yana riƙe da wutsiyarsa zuwa gindin wutsiyar mahaifiyarsa, haka kuma yana tafiya tare da tawagar ta cikin gandun daji.

Newan jarirai galibi sukan zama abin kula da wasu mata, musamman waɗanda ba tare da jariransu ba. Matan galibi kan taɓa ɗan da a hankali tare da wuyansu da hannayensu, kuma suna ƙarfafa ayyukan su idan jaririn yana son hawa kan su.

A yanzu tun suna wata-wata sun san yadda zasu iya kama rassan da wutsiyar su, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin mahaifiyar bata da damuwa game da amincin su. Maƙiyi sun hau uwayensu aƙalla tsawon shekara guda kuma suka ci gaba da shan nono har tsawon watanni 18-24. Mata sun kai ga balaga tun suna shekara 5, maza a shekara 7. Saboda haka, mace na iya haifuwa shekaru biyu da suka gabata fiye da maza.

Jariri mai jan hankali shine ya zama ruwan dare gama duniya da ake amfani da ita a cikin Sabon Duniya kuma ba shi da wani matakin kariya ta musamman. Har yanzu suna da yawa kuma suna da yawa a Brazil, amma a wasu yankuna sun zama mafi wuya, watakila saboda lalata mazauninsu.

Abincin ya hada da gyada, ganye, bishiyoyi, iri iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni.Hanyoyin narkewa na jan howler yana da kyau sosai don dacewa da shuka kayan abinci: ya isa haka, ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda ke taimakawa narkewar abinci mai ƙarfi. Jariri ja ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, abokan tarayya sukan canza. Cutar ciki tana kwana 186-194. Koyaushe akwai ɗa ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Iya tana ciyar da jariri daga watanni 18 zuwa 24.

Red howler ya zama ruwan dare gama gari daga Colombia zuwa Amazon da kuma Ecuador zuwa tsakiyar Bolivia. Halin kare nau'in halittar - haifar da ƙarancin damuwa (Ingilishi Least damuwa).

Mawakiyar Amurka ta Tsakiya (lat.Alouatta pigra) - ɗan asalin yanki daga dangin arachnids. Ana samo shi a cikin gandunan ruwan sama na Belize, Guatemala da Mexico.

A cikin abincin, galibi ganye da andya fruitsyan itãcen marmari, waɗanda furanni da tsaba suka cika tare da su.

Mata sun kai ga balaga tun suna shekaru 4, maza daga baya, yana da shekaru 6-8. Bayan sun isa ga balaga, maza yawanci suna barin kungiyar, mata suna zama. Tsammani na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.

Fitowar mawakiyar

Jikin biri yana da girma babba: a cikin maza tsawon tsayin mutum ya kai cm 63, kuma a cikin mace - 46-60 cm. Wutsiya tana kama da ƙarfi, tana da tsawon 60-70 cm a cikin maza, kuma cm 55-66 cikin mata .. nauyin dabba shima yana da ban sha'awa: maza yayi nauyi kilogiram 5-10 da mace 3-6. Ciyawar kusa da manyan hakora talatin da shida suna ba dabbobi muguntar. Colombian howler yawanci baƙi ne a launi, a ɓangarorin biyu na jiki, kamar alkyabbar fata, ke tsiro da dogon gashi mai launin shuɗi.

A ƙarshen wutsiyar riƙo akwai wani layin rubutu wanda ya rage, wanda biri ke amfani da shi wajen ɗora abinci. A cikin mazan da suka balaga, launin fatar kan mutum ya canza daga baki zuwa fari. Maza suna da dogon gemu, wanda yake bambanta su da mace. Yankunan da ba su da gashi suna wakiltar kunnuwa, fuska, dabino da ƙafa.

Howler yana daya daga cikin birai masu cutarwa ga mutane. Bawai kawai tsoron mutane bane. Da wuya, galibi suna gangaro daga dogayen bishiyoyi.

Inda muryar kuka take zaune

Matsayin mazaunin mawaƙa shine filin da ke da tsaunuka daban-daban. Ba a banda keɓaɓɓun wurare da ruwa mai kwari. Kwanan nan, an yi rikodin ƙaura mai yawa zuwa biranen don shuka kofi, watau - zuwa ɓangaren kudancin Mexico.

Tsarin giya na musamman wanda yake maƙogwaro yana ba mai howler damar damar magana na musamman. Hakanan, wannan yanayin yana tasiri bayyanar da Primate.

Menene mahaukacin ke ci

Abincin waɗannan dabbobi ya bambanta sosai: farawa daga furanni da ƙare tare da manyan macizai. Sun fi son dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye, da kuma kwari. A cikin rigar yanayi, howlers bazai daina bada 'ya'ya ba. A ranar, dabbar za ta iya cin ganye da yawa, harbe-tsire da 'ya'yan itatuwa. An tsara kirjin su ta hanyar da zai dace kuma da sauri aiwatar da cellulose. Godiya ga wannan, dabbar za ta iya ci har tsawon makonni kawai ganye da furanni, yayin da jiki ba zai sami ƙarancin abubuwan ganowa ba.

Babu hayaniya ta fara rayuwar rayuwa

Kamar yadda kuka sani, howlers suna aiki da rana. Sun fi yawancin lokacin su a cikin bishiyoyi. A lokacin hutu, biri yayi kusan kashi 75% na lokacinsa. Ragowar lokacin howrs sun sadaukar da ciyarwa. A cikin lokutan bushewa, dabbobi suna yin juyawa da ƙaura. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwar hanyoyin abinci. Gashinan yana taimaka musu motsawa da motsawa cikin bishiyoyi, suna kwace abinci. Suna zaune cikin kungiyoyi ko dangi, ba sa gina mazauna, sun fi son su zauna kai tsaye a kan rassan babban bene. Ba sa son saukar ƙasa, suna tsoron yin iyo.

Ganin maharbi a doron ƙasa abu ne mai ɗanɗano gani.

Howler yaduwa

Lokacin da farjin mace na mace ya zama ja, maza zasu sani: lokacin yazo da lokacin haifuwa. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin yana faruwa a tsakiyar wannan lokacin. Matar tana jan hankalin saurayinta da rawar walwala iri-iri. Mace na haifarta cubaya ɗaya, wanda nauyinsa ya kai 400-500 g. Cubayan yana da launin toka mai launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, wanda daɗewa yayi duhu. Har zuwa watanni 6, ɗan ba ya rabuwa da mahaifiyarsa kuma a shekara kawai ya ɗauki matakansa na farko mai cin gashin kansa.

Matasa masu sihiri suna koyon abubuwan dabaru na hawa bishiyoyi.

Amfanin da cutarwa ga mutane

Babu wata illa daga wadannan dabbobi ga mutane. Amma fa fa'idar ita ce yawan mutanen karkara suna cin naman mai ƙonawa. Hakanan an sani cewa ana amfani da waɗannan birai don dalilai na kimiyya.

Dabba a yau tana kan gaba. Aka lissafa howler a cikin Babban taron CITES azaman matsayin lambobi wadanda lambobin su ke raguwa sosai. Ofayan matsalolin da ke damun wannan cuta ce takamaiman cuta wacce take haifar da ƙazamin ƙazamin tsuntsu a makogwaron mai zafin.

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