Dukan yankin Belarus

Iyali Spindle (Anguidae).

Itace ɗan itacen itace mai warkarwa, ko bronica, (sunayen gida sune slіmen, slіven, mjadzyanka, mjadzyanitsa) shine kawai wakilin masu giya marasa laushi a Belarus. A yawancin yankuna na jamhuriyya, yawan jama'a suna kiran bishiyar bishiyun "kuskurefish", la'akari da ita maciji mai dafi sosai kuma yana lalata ta don wannan.

Noarancin ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasawa (Anguis fragilis fragilis) yana zaune a Belarus.

Gabaɗaya, rarrabuwar ƙasa a Belarus mosaic ce. Jinsunan an haɗe su da biotopes na gandun daji. A yankin Belarus, ba a sami riba mai yawa ba a cikin yankin Mogilev, inda murfin gandun daji yayi ƙanana.

Tsawon jiki tare da wutsiya shine 23-43 cm, nauyi shine 15-35 g .. Tsawon jikin tsintsaye a yankin Belarus shine 11.5-21.2 cm (♂ - 11.5-17.4, ♀ - 12.4-21.2 cm), tsawon wutsiya 11.6-20.6 cm (♂ - 11.6-17.0, ♀ - 13.2-20.6 cm), tsayin kai 1.1-1.5 cm. Tsawon jiki shine dan kadan kasa da matsakaicin kewayon gaba daya - 265 mm. Koyaya, ya yi daidai da bambancin wannan yanayin da aka lura a Poland, Jamus, Czech Republic da Slovakia, inda jimlar yawan ƙwayoyin bai wuce milimita 250 ba (galibi kusan 200 mm).

Jikin yana da daidaituwa, tsawonsa yayi kama da jikin maciji. Alamun waje wadanda suka bambanta karkataccen daga macizai sune kasancewar kwayar idanuwa (a cikin macizai ana hade su, suna rufe ido kamar gilashin agogo), sikelin hancin mutum da bangarorin bakinsu kusan iri daya ne (a cikin macizai ciki an rufe bakin mutum da sigogi masu girman jiki). Sikeli na jikin yayi kyau sosai. Yawan sikeli a tsakiyar jiki 23-28, yawan sihirin ciki 126-145. An lura da buɗewar buɗe ido cikin 20% na mutane.

Launin jikin yara da manya ya sha bamban. Matasa mai santsi suna fentin a cikin farin-fari da kodadden tsami (tare da tint na zinariya). Tare da mage yana gudana guda ɗaya ko biyu bakin ciki mai duhu wanda ke farawa daga bayan kai tare da tabo na triangular. Gassai da ciki launin ruwan kasa mai haske ne ko baki ɗaya da bambanci mai kyau tare da launi na baya. A cikin aiwatar da haɓaka, launi yana canzawa: baya yana duhu, kuma bangarorin da ciki, akasin haka, suna haskakawa. Tare da shekaru, dunƙulen daga sama ya sami launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko launin toka mai duhu tare da halayyar jan ƙarfe ko tagulla na tagulla, wanda ke bayani game da sauran nau'in jinsunan - copperpox.

Tsarin ɓangaren ɓangaren sashin jiki yana ƙarƙashin babban bambanci. A cikin Belarus, akwai nau'ikan kimomi 5 na yawan faruwar abubuwan da suka faru na alamun daban-daban (abubuwan da ke faruwa) da kuma haɗuwar su. A cikin Belarus, 93.4% na spindles suna da tsari, ƙarar duhu mai duhu - 18.0% (ba ya nan), 9.8% (ɗayan guda ɗaya), 68.9% (ninki biyu), 3.3% (ninki uku), shuɗi aibobi - kashi 86,9% ba su nan, ayyukan ci gaba da kashi 85,2% suna nan. Haɗin da aka fi dacewa shine maɓallin dorsomedial (bambance masu raka'a biyu) da ratsewar dorsolateral (62.3%). Ba a samo melanist ɗin da aka bayyana a cikin wasu sassan kewayon ba a tarin a cikin Belarus.

Yankunan da suka fi dacewa don yanayin yana hade, gandun daji na Birch da Pine, gandun daji, harma ta fi son farin ciki, gefuna, sharewa, sharewa, hanyoyi. Wasu lokuta ana samun su a cikin iyakar iyakokin gandun daji na Pine da ƙananan lafuzzan (ambaliyar ruwa na koguna da tafkuna, babban kwari). Mafi yawan lokuta, ragin yana kusa da bishiyar halittu masu dauke da kwayoyi masu sa maye da macizai, maciji, da kifayen kifi.

Yawan spindles ya zama mara ƙaranci: gaba ɗaya, don biogeocenoses na daji, yana da 0.5 (daga 0 zuwa 50) mutane 1 ha. Lowarancin yawan ɓarnatattun abubuwa ne tabbatacce ta gaskiyar cewa a cikin gandun daji na itacen ɓaure an samo shi a cikin 2 daga biotopes na 77, a cikin gandun daji birch - a cikin 2 daga 26, a cikin gandun daji alder - cikin 3 cikin 52, kuma ba a same shi kwatankwacinsu ba a cikin gandun daji da itacen oak. Yawan jama'a a cikin dazuzukan Pine ya kasance mutane 0.02 a kowace 1 ha, gandun daji na Birch 0.4, a gefen tituna 1.5, a cikin ciyayin makiyaya 1.7 mutane a 1 ha.

Ba kamar sauran gwanayen belarus ba, alaƙar ba za a iya gani cikin yanayi ba, saboda yana haifar da yanayin rayuwar da ta ɓoye. Bugu da kari, yana aiki da yawa a maraice da daddare a cikin yanayi mai dumi. A lokacin rana, yakan zama yana aiki sosai a yanayin girgije, dukda cewa akwai lokuta da aka keɓance cikin yanayi na zafin rana da zazzabi sama da 30 ° C. Spindles cewa "sunbathe" za a iya gani sau da yawa a cikin bazara, lokacin da har yanzu babu isasshen zafi, da kuma bayan tsawon lokacin sanyi a lokacin rani. Wannan ladar tana son yin farauta bayan ruwan sama mai zafi.

Itace mai shuɗani na iya yin mahalli don kansa a cikin zurfin gandun daji ko (oftenasa sau da yawa) a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, yana kama da kamar ya yaye kansa a cikin substrate kuma ya bushe da jikinsa. Tana kuma ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kwarin bishiyoyin da suka faɗi da tarin rakodin, a ƙarƙashin tarin duwatsun bishiyoyi, cikin ɓarna, gindin ɓawon, a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, cikin ramuka na ƙananan dabbobin da aka tono. Wani lokacin tana amfani da matsugunnan marasa tsari gabaɗaya (lokuta da aka bayyana lokacin da ta ɓoye cikin anthills). 'Ya'yan tururuwa ba za su iya cutar da zaren ba - an rufe fatar maharbar da sikeli mai ƙarfi, kuma tana rufe idonta lokacin da ta shiga cikin tururuwa.

Usuallywan yakan yi rarrafe a hankali, yana yin faɗi, ƙungiyoyi marasa daidaituwa. Koyaya, yayin shawo kan “mummunan yanayin ƙasa” (dunƙun ciyawa, ciyawa, tarin duwatsun), motsin sa ya zama mai ƙarfi.

Wannan lakar tana farautar ciyayin duniya, wanda yake dayawa a doron kasa bayan ruwan sama. Hanya mai ban sha'awa da za'ayi fitar dasu kwatsam daga sassayoyin laka. Sharpaƙƙarfan haƙoran haƙora na baya yana ba ta damar riƙe ƙarfin tsutsotsi masu saurin magana waɗanda ta haɗiye a hankali, suna girgiza kai. Idan tsutsotsi bai fitar da wuri ba, to kuwa asirin, yana riƙe da ɓangaren wanda aka azabtar a bakin, ya shimfiɗa a tsawon kuma zai fara juyawa da sauri a jikinsa har wani yanki na abin da yake riƙewa a bakinsa ya mutu. Haka kuma, muryoyin suna “raba” tsutsa, mutane biyu suka kama ta daga aya daban-daban. Bugu da kari, suna cin abinci mai yawa na tsirara da conch mollusks. Haka kuma, na karshen suna deftly ja daga wuya bawo. Yawancin abincin da ke tattare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin tsutsotsi da larvae, milipedes. Akwai shaidar zubin macen macizai (macizai, macijin). Koyaya, ba kamar sauran ba, masu haɗarin haɗari masu ƙarfi, ƙwayar cuta zata iya kama kawai waɗanda ke fama da rashin aiki. Wannan yana bayyana "jaraba" ga tsutsotsi, mollusks, caterpillars.

Zuwa wasu lokuta, itacen dabino yana tsira ta hanyar rayuwa mai ma'ana da ikon mallakar halayyar rashin lafiyan duk sauran masu haɗari - watse ƙarshen wutsiya wanda ya kasance tare da mai cinyewa (saboda haka sashi na biyu na nau'in jinsin yana da rauni). Koyaya, ta saba ganima ga sauran dabbobin da ke ciyar da shaye-shaye - shinggehog, dawakai, ferret, marten, badger, tsuntsaye (farin farin, goshawk, sparrowhawk, mai harbi, ja, ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwanƙwasa, mai ci maciji, mikiya, mujiya, hankaka, magpie, jay). Span ƙananan dabbobin da maciji ke cin su sau da yawa (jan ƙarfe da maciji). A cikin Belovezhskaya Pushcha, raunin da ya ɓo wani ɓangare ne mai mahimmanci na abincin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen abincin da aka saba da su kamar ƙwarƙwasa da ƙwararren haɓaka, yayin da ake cinye shi sau da yawa fiye da sauran nau'ikan masu rarrafe na yau da kullun - viviparous liily, ƙawanin talakawa talakawa. Irin wannan matsanancin ƙoƙarin da ke tattare da ƙwanƙwasawa saboda ƙarancin motsirsa, rashin iya buɗe kwayoyin halittun, har da girman sa. Abin sha’awa, ɗan iska da tabo mai haɓaka ana kama su sau 2.4 fiye da sauƙaƙe tsakanin kwari da kwari (i.e., mafi yawan mutane) fiye da maza, mai yiwuwa ne saboda su, masu ɗaukar maza, fiye da maza sun fi so su shiga cikin rana a wuraren buɗe .

Spindle-itace ganye don wintering latti - a ƙarshen Satumba - Oktoba. Yana ciyar da rashin hankali a burrows, voids a ƙarƙashin kututture, cikin ɓarna na kututturewa, suna hawa zuwa zurfin 80 cm, don kada su daskare yayin taron hunturu mai sanyi. Wani lokacin yakan tattara har zuwa 20-30 ko fiye da mutane a wuri guda. A cikin bazara, ta bayyana a watan Afrilu a lokaci guda a matsayin mai saurin motsa jiki (viviparous ya bar kadan a baya).

Yin cudewa a cikin spindles yana faruwa kaɗan da bambancin kuma '' al'ada 'fiye da masu haɗari na gaske. Namiji ya kama mace a wuyansa. Sau da yawa, mace ta fara yin yunƙurin ficewa, amma sai ta samar da zobe da aka saka tare da namiji. Sau da yawa namiji yakan ja mace zuwa wani wurin da babu kowa a ciki, yana riƙe jikinta mara motsi tare da haƙoran ta a wuya.

Bayan lokacin kiwo, bayan kamar wata 3, mace, ta hanyar kwanciya-kwai, gwargwadon girmanta, yakan kawo daga tsami 5 zuwa 26, mafi yawan lokuta 7-14. Akwai wata sanannen magana yayin da take cikin farfajiyar mace, wanda tsayin jikinta yakai kusan 21 cm, ta haihu yakai 20. Tsawon tsoffin ƙwaƙwalwar yara kusan 5-6 cm ne tare da yawan 5.0-7.6 g .. Yara sukan bayyana a ƙarshen Yuli-Agusta kuma sun girma cikin jima'i a shekara ta uku na rayuwa. Indwafin yana zamewa sau da yawa a shekara, yana barin kansa, kamar macizai, tsohuwar fatar ta fashe.

Itacen ɗan itacen ƙawa yana jin daɗi a sasanninta na rayuwa kuma ya saba wa mutum, yana karɓar abinci daga hannun. Ana ajiye su a cikin gidajen dabbobi, inda suke jin daɗi har ma ana haifar su cikin bauta. Akwai sanannen shari'ar lokacin da spindle ya zauna a cikin terrarium na shekaru 54.

1. Pikulik M.M. (ja.) / Ruwan sama. Pazuny: Etsyklapedychny davidnik (Zhivelny hasken Belarus_). Minsk, 1996.240 s.

2. Pikulik M. M., Bakharev V. A., Kosov S. V. "Abubuwan rarrafe na Belarus." Minsk, 1988. -166s.