Kudancin Amurka ko Dogon TusheLontra longicaudis) yana zaune a cikin tabkuna, koguna, fadama-ruwa da lagoons a cikin wurare da yawa da ke zaune a cikin gandun daji da ke da tsaunuka, savannah. Waɗannan magabatan sun gwammace su zauna cikin tsabtataccen koguna masu gudu. Akwai shaidar kwararar bakin Amurkawa da ke zaune a ramin ban ruwa na filayen shinkafa da sukari a Guyana. Dukkanin Kudancin Amurkawa, wannan nau'in yana da mafi girman kewayon: ana samunsa a Mexico da Kudancin Amurka: a Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil da arewacin Argentina.

Otter mai dogon zango. Otter na Kogin Neotropical = Lontra longicaudis (ana magana game da Lutar incarum) (Neotropic Otter).

Range: yana zaune a Mexico da Kudancin Amurka. A Meksiko, ƙwayar otter ta zama ruwan dare gama gari. A Kudancin Amurka, ana samunsa a cikin Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil da arewacin Argentina. Dukkanin Kudancin Amurka, yana da mafi fadi.

Kudancin Kudancin Amurka dabba ce wacce take da matsakaiciya, mara girman gaske ga kogin Kanter. Kamar kowane otters kogin, yana da daskararren daskararre dlong body da gajere, kafafu masu ƙarfi.

Jawo gashi kuma gajere, kamar ƙari. Jirgin sama mai laushi ne, gashin waje yana da wuya, mai sheki. Matsakaicin tsayin gashi na waje shine mm 12-14, tsawon gashin gashin dansandan shine mm 7 mm. Tsarin Jawo yana ba da izinin otter ya bar abin da ya rufe ta yayin da dabbar ta jike a waje. Kudancin Kudancin Amurka ba su da mai ajiyar kitse, kuma Jawo shine kawai hanyarta don kula da zafin jiki a cikin ruwan sanyi.

Shugaban otter na da zagaye da lebur tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu zagaye da aka ɗora ƙasa a gefan kai. Mucks gajere ne kuma faɗaɗa, tare da dogaye masu yawa. Neckun ya yi kauri, gajeru, tsayi-kai. Idanun suna ƙanana, zagaye, kafaɗa kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan dubawa. An hanci hanci kamar trapezoid, tare da dogon gefe a saman.

Wutsiya tana da kauri, conical a cikin kamannin, murjani daga tushe zuwa sama.

An sanya paws sanannu da membranes, kowannensu yana da yatsu biyar tare da ƙarfi. Kafafun gaba na otter sun yi gajere fiye da na baya, wanda ke ba su damar iyo sosai.

Otan asalin Kudancin Amurka yana nuna dimorphism - maza gaba ɗaya sune kashi 20-25% fiye da mace.

Launi: Neotropic otter duhu launin ruwan kasa; ciki haske ne, kusan fari. Yankin da ke bakin bakin yana da haske, ya yi kyau. Jirgin saman farin launin toka ne na azurfa.

Neotropic otter na matsakaici size: tsawon jikinta shine 500 - 790 mm. Gashinan shine 375 zuwa 570 mm, kuma tsawon auricles daga 18 zuwa 22 mm. Cikakken tsawon otter shine 900 -1360 mm. Wasu matsakaicin ma'aunai na kwanyar sun hada da: babban tsayinsa game da mm 96.4, zygomatic nisa 68.1 mm, girman fadada 17,9 mm.

Rayuwa ta Spaniya: Mai yiwuwa kimanin shekaru 10-12.

Murya: bayanan su na iyakancewa ta hanyar yin kuwwa, gurnani da sauti mai amo. Don haka, masu ba da izini ga masu sa ido a Argentina sun yi sauti waɗanda za a iya isar da su da babbar murya "hahh".

Habitat: Ana samun otter a cikin tabkuna, koguna, fadama-ruwa da lago a cikin wurare daban-daban na mazaunan kogin da ke cikin gandun daji masu kosai, savannah. A bayyane yake, wannan nau'in ya fi son zama cikin kogunan ruwa masu gudu, masu gudu masu sauri, kuma da alama yana da wuya a cikin kogunan da babu kowa a cikin kwarin. Akwai rahotannin otters da ke zaune a ramin ban ruwa tsakanin filayen shinkafa da sukari a Guyana.

Abokan gaba: Mabiyan dabi'a na otter sune anacondas, jaguars, manyan tsuntsayen ganima, caimans da karnukan daji.

Barazana: lalata alƙaluma da rugujewarsu, gami da gurɓataccen ruwa da farauta haramun. Wannan otter musamman yana shan wahala daga farauta a wurare da dama na kewayon sa, wanda ke kaiwa nan zuwa ƙarewa.

Tushen abincin shine kifi da crustaceans (crabs), yayin da yake samar da ƙananan nau'in halitta fiye da babban otter. Kudancin Kudancin Amurka kuma yana ciyar da mollusks da kwari, lokaci-lokaci ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da ƙananan dabbobi. Tana cin ƙananan abincin a ruwa, babba - tana bakin ruwa.

Tsakanin watan Agusta 1993 da Satumba 1994, an yi nazari na musamman game da abinci mai ƙanshi a kudu maso gabashin Brazil, a Kogin Betari. An samo kifi a cikin 93% na samfuran feces. An samo kwari na ruwa da crustaceans a cikin kashi 78.9%. An samo irin wannan bayanan yayin nazarin otter a wasu yankuna.

Kudancin Amurka ta Kudu na jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun. Wasu mutane sun dace da ayyukan da ba su dace ba a wuraren da mutane ke yawan damuwa.

Godiya ga tsarin jikin da aka saukar dashi, fasalin fur da buoyancy, otter kyawu ne mai amare da ruwa. Kullum suna cikin ruwa ko kusa. Kayansu na farauta na iya wucewa zuwa 20-30 seconds. Kunnuwa da hanci sun rufe lokacin da aka nitse cikin ruwa.

Lokacin da masu ruwa da tsaki ke iyo a hankali, suna layi tare da dukkan paws huɗu. Lokacin yin iyo ko ruwa, suna danna ɗan gajeren hancin gaba zuwa gaɓoɓin jikin mutum kuma suna aiki da ƙafafun kafa mai ƙarfi da wutsiya, waɗanda ke aiki da sifar mai siyarwa. A kan tudu, suna motsa "hunchback" gallop.

Wani kogi na Kudancin Amurka yana kashe aƙalla wani ɓangaren balaguron sa na yau da kullun a kan wasanni, kamar yadda sauran masu ruwa da tsaki ke yi.

Maƙiyi yakan haƙa rami a ƙasa kusa da tafki, sau da yawa a cikin tushen bishiyoyin bakin teku. An gano sanannen kogin na ototropic don amfani da koguna daban-daban azaman mafaka, wanda ba'a lura dashi a cikin wasu nau'in otters. Amma tunda kofofin galibi galibi suna nesa da ruwa, galibi ana amfani da su don zuriya.

Tsarin zamantakewa: wannan nau'in, a fili, ba zaman jama'a bane, ana kiyaye mutane kaɗai. Mace tana shan azaba ga namiji ne kawai a lokacin matsewa, kuma, kamar maharbin Eurasi, rukunin otters da ake gani tare mata ne tare da kawunansu.

Hanyoyin da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke haifar da kullun, kuma wuraren farauta na otter suna alama tare da asirin glandon jikinsu, fitsari da kuma jijiyoyin jikinsu. Suna barin alamominsu a manyan wuraren da ba su da girman kai, kamar su katako, tsarin tushen, dutsen, sandar sand har ma katako a ƙarƙashin gadoji. Wannan yana nuna cewa sun gwammace su yi amfani da wurare masu tsayi, busasshe, busassun bushewa, ya zama dole kusa da ruwa, don sanya maki alama. A bayyane yake, suna yin aiki don tallata wannan mutumin da kuma daidaita ayyukan jima'i na masu sihiri, kuma ta wannan hanyar masu ba da labari suna bayyana jinsi.

Sake bugun: Maza suna saduwa da mace kawai na tsawon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin - wannan yana faruwa wata rana a shekara. Kamar sauran bakin ciki, mace na iya jinkirta lokacin ci gaban amfrayo. Matan suna da nau'i-nau'i biyu kan nono. Jariri an haife su da gashi mai ja, amma idanunsu a rufe, kuma suna buɗe kwanaki 44 kawai. Lokacin da kwana 52, matasa sun fara rarrafe daga ramin kuma suna yawon kusa. Lokacin da suke da shekaru 74, suna shiga cikin ruwa tare da mahaifiyarsu kuma suna farauta. Maza basa cikin ɗaukar zuriya.

Lokacin / kiwo: Kudancin Amurka ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo. Balagagge: shekaru 2-3. Haihuwa: kwanaki 56. Zuriya: 1-5, a matsakaita na 2-3an puan doli biyu.

Mutane suna kashe masters na Kudancin Amurka don samun nama, ko fur, ko kwatsam lokacin da ake kamun kifi, saboda galibi ana kama waɗannan abubuwan kuma ana nutsar da su a cikin raga.

A wasu ƙasashe na yankin, otter ta Kudancin Amurka batun magana ne na farauta, kuma wannan shine dalilin da yasa ba'a same shi ba a wurare da yawa na yanayin da ya saba. Farashin dillali don fata ɗaya na dabba kusan $ 25-90. A cikin 1959-1972, aƙalla ƙananan ma'adinai 113,718 aka haƙa, fatun da aka fitar da su daga Amazon ta Peru. A cikin Peru a cikin 1970, an fitar da fatalwar fata fiye da 14,000, kuma wasu sun kiyasta cewa wannan adadin ya kai kashi 50% kawai cikin yawan dabbobi da aka kashe.

A kasar Argentina, saboda yawan farauta a shekarun 1970, yawan mutanen otter ya kai matsayin mafi ƙarancinsa. Da zarar mabiyan sun sami cikakkiyar kariya ta doka a 1983, yawan jama'arsu sun fara haɓaka da sauri.

An dauki wannan otter a karkashin kariya a 1973, amma, ana ci gaba da fuskantar shari'a ba bisa ka'ida ba. A halin yanzu, ana kiyaye wannan nau'in a cikin jihohi da yawa, ciki har da Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil da sauran su.

Abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi uku an san su waɗanda suka bambanta da siffar hanci.

Lontra dogoniaudis annectens,

L. longicaudis enudris

L. dogonicaudis platenisis.

A baya can, asalin Kudancin Amurka an danganta shi ne ga genus Lutra, amma an koma da shi ga asalin halittar Lontra dangane da sabon binciken da aka yi. Yawancin masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun yarda da tsohon rarrabuwa, kamar dai yadda suke nuna bambance bambanci tsakanin jinsunan 'yanci.

Bayyanar

Otter ta Kudancin Amurka - Dabba na matsakaici, mai ƙima a cikin kogin Kanada na Kanada. Kamar kowane otters kogin, yana da daskararren daskararre dlong body da gajere, kafafu masu ƙarfi. Jawo daga bakin dogo mai gajeren wando gajere ne kuma mai farin gashi, launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, ciki da yankin da ke bakin bakin suna da sauƙi, kusan fari. Jikinta yana da taushi, sauran gashinta kuma suna da laushi, mai sheki. Tsarin Jawo yana ba da izinin otter ya tsayar da gindin ƙasa yayin da ta nitse cikin ruwa. Kudancin Kudancin Amurka ba su da mai ajiyar kitse, kuma Jawo shine kawai hanyarta don kula da zafin jiki a cikin ruwan sanyi. Shugaban otter yana da zagaye kuma mai lebur tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu zagaye waɗanda aka sanya ƙarancin a gefan kai, da mucks gajere ne kuma faɗaɗɗa, tare da dogayen laushi, wuya ya yi kauri, gajeru, kai-mai-girma, wutsiya mai kauri ne, mai kamanni a cikin sikila, tsoka daga tushe har zuwa ƙafarta. Idanun ta sunyi kadan, zagaye, saita sama kuma suna bayarda kyakkyawan tsari, kafafu suna sanye da membranes, kowannensu yana da yatsu biyar masu ƙarfi. Kafafuwan gaban gwiwar Kudancin Amurka suna ƙasa da ƙafafun hind, wanda ya basu damar iyo da kyau. Lokacin da masu ruwa da tsaki suka yi iyo a hankali, suna layi tare da duk kafafu huɗu, yayin da suke iyo ko ruwa da sauri, suna danna gajeren kafafun gaban ƙasan zuwa gaɓoɓin jikin mutum kuma suna aiki da kafafu masu ƙarfi da wutsiya, waɗanda ke aiki da sifar mai siyarwa. Kunnuwa da hanci na otter suna rufe lokacin da aka nitse cikin ruwa.

Abinci da rayuwa

Otter ta Kudancin Amurka ciyarwa a kan kifi, mollusks da crustaceans, sau da yawa kwari, m sau da yawa kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da dabbobin ƙasa.

Kudancin Kudancin Amurka yana jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun, yana kiyaye shi kadai. Wasu mutane sun dace da ayyukan da ba su dace ba a wuraren da mutane ke damuwa. Otters suna alamar wuraren farauta tare da asirin glandar, fitsari da feces, waɗanda suke barin su a wani wuri mai tsayi kusa da ruwa (alal misali, kan gadoji da katako). Akwai ra'ayi cewa ta wannan hanyar otters suna bayyana jinsi na su. Wannan nau'in (har ma da wasu masu fa'ida) suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa akan wasanni.

Maƙassai mai-ƙarfi tono ramuka a cikin ƙasa kusa da jikin ruwa, sau da yawa a cikin tushen bishiyoyin bakin teku. Hakanan zasu iya amfani da kogon da ke nesa da ruwa a matsayin mafaka (amma ba don kiwo ba). Hanyoyin da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke haifar da kullun, kuma suna alamar wuraren farautarsu tare da asirin glandar, fitsari da kuma feces. Alamun an bar su a kan tsayi mai tsayi, alal misali, akan rakodin, tushen tsarin, toka, sandar yashi har ma katako a ƙarƙashin gadoji. A bayyane yake, irin waɗannan alamun suna ba da tallata wannan mutum kuma suna nuna jinsi.

Iri otters, hoto da bayanin

Tsarin jikin elongated mai canzawa na waɗannan dabbobin an daidaita shi daidai don saurin iyo. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da gajeren paws sanye da membranes. Wutsiya, lokacin farin ciki a gindi da kuma matsewa zuwa ƙarshenta, an rufe shi da gashi gabaɗaya, a cikin wasu nau'ikan an lalace ta hanyar kwance.

Shugaban kowane oters ya yi birgima, da yawa vibrissae girma a kusa da hanci da gwiwar hannu. Kunnuwa suna ƙanana da zagaye, suna rufe lokacin da ake ruwa. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da falle. Wani lokacin farin ciki (kusan gashi dubu 70 a kowace 1 cm2) da dogon gashi da suke rike iska suna kiyaye dabbobi daga daskarar da ruwa a cikin ruwa.

Fahimtar wasu ra'ayoyi kusa.

Kogi (Na kowa) Otter

Mafi mashahuri da kuma sanannun jinsunan. Haka kuma, kafin a lalata shi a cikin karni na 19, mazaunin kogin otter ya kasance mafi yawa kuma yana fadada daga Ireland zuwa Japan da Siberiya zuwa Sri Lanka. A yau ana samun sa a yawancin Eurasia a kudu da tundra, har ma a Arewacin Afirka.

Tsawon jikin wannan nau'in shine 57-70 cm, nauyin da wuya ya wuce kilogiram 10. Jawo mai launin ruwan kasa, haushi daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launi mai tsami. A membranes suna haɓaka da kyau, kusoshi suna da ƙarfi. Wutsiyar tana da tsawon 35-40 cm, silima, kauri a gindin.

Hoto ne masu maye a kogin Novosibirsk.

Lutra lutra

Sumatran Otter

Tana zaune a cikin koguna da tabkuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Lutra sumatrana

A saman Jawo mai duhu ne, ƙasan ya fi sauƙi, makogwaron yana fararen fata. A membranes a kan paws suna haɓaka sosai, kusoshi suna da ƙarfi. Hancin Sumatran otter, sabanin sauran nau'in, an rufe shi da gashi baki ɗaya.

Babban Asirin Asiya

An rarraba shi a Indiya, Sri Lanka, kudancin China, Indochina, Indonesia. Ana samunsa ba kawai a cikin koguna ba, har ma a filayen shinkafa da ambaliya.

Cinerea na Aonyx

Appearancearamin bayyanar, tsawon jiki a matsakaicin 45 cm. Jawo yana haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, amai yana da haske sosai. Paarfan kafaɗun suna da kunkuntar, a kan raƙuman hancin da ke cikin membranes suna zuwa har zuwa ƙarshen haɗin yatsunsu, maƙallan suna da hankali.

Babban otter

Tana zaune a Kudancin Amurka.

Pteronura brasiliensis

Tsawon jikin wannan nau'in na iya isa 123 cm, nauyi - 35 kg. Jawo a saman yana da duhu sosai, yawanci akwai mayukan kirim a kan chin, makogwaro da kirji, lebe da lebe suna da kyau. Allumai suna da girma da kauri sosai, membranes da claws suna haɓaka da kyau. Wutsiya, wanda tsawonta zai iya kaiwa 65 cm, yana tsakiyar faɗin dama.

Wannan shine mafi yawancin jinsunan. Sakamakon farauta mai lalataccen tsari da aka yi don fur mai mahimmanci, giant ɗin otter ya ɓace fiye da yawancin kewayon. A halin yanzu, babbar barazanar da ke addabar ta ita ce lalata mazauninta.

Tekun otter

Ana samun otter teku a tsibirin Kuril da Aleutian, gabar tekun Arewacin Amurka daga Alaska zuwa California. Tsawon tsayin jiki na iya kaiwa zuwa cm 130, kuma adadin sa ya wuce girman otter. Ya bambanta da sauran wakilan maɓallin ruwa a cikin jikin da ba siriri ba da wutsiya. Karanta ƙari game da bakin teku a nan.

Enhydra lutris

Cat otter

Tana zaune a cikin ruwan teku mai cike da ruwa na gabar yammacin Kogin Kudancin Amurka daga Peru zuwa Cape Horn.

Lontra felina

Daga cikin sauran masu fada-a-ji, ta fito ne daga tsananin fusata. Kamar igiyar teku, tana rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa keɓaɓɓu.

Kocin Kongo

Yana zaune cikin kwarin Kogin Kongo (Afirka).

Aonyx congicus

Jawo a saman launin ruwan kasa, cheeks da wuya fari. A gaban kafafun kafa, ba a cikin membranes, yatsu masu ƙarfi da zai ba ka damar sarrafa abubuwa da gurbataccen abu.

Kiwo

Otter ta Kudancin Amurka bashi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo. Kamar sauran masu ruwa da tsaki, tana iya jinkirta lokacin ci gaban amfrayo. Jariri ana haihuwar su ne tare da ja, amma idanunsu a rufe suke kuma a bude kawai na kwanaki 44. Lokacin da kwana 52, matasa sun fara rarrafe daga ramin kuma suna yawon kusa. Lokacin da suke da shekaru 74, sun fara taimakawa mahaifiyarsu farauta a cikin ruwa. Maza basa cikin ɗaukar zuriya. Suna haɗuwa da mata ne kawai a lokacin ma'aurata - wannan yana faruwa wata rana a shekara.

Me mai maganin yake ci?

Itace mafaraucin da yafi ciyar da kifi. Abincinta ya ƙunshi jinkirin ƙasa mai zurfi, kamar eel. Yawancin lokaci tana kama kwamba, crayfish, berayen ruwa, dabbar tana iya ma ta ɗorawa ko kai.

Otters suna da matsanancin ƙwazo. Jiki a cikin ruwa yana kashe zafi da sauri, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar farashin makamashi. A ranar da suke buƙatar cin adadin kifin, har zuwa 15% na nauyinsu. Sabili da haka, suna daukar lokaci mai yawa suna farauta - daga 3 zuwa 5 hours a rana.

Otters yawanci farauta ne kawai.Kawai wasu nau'in (giant, mai gashi mai santsi, Kanada da fararen fata) suna amfani da dabarun kungiyar farauta.

A cikin hoto, otter, bayan farauta mai nasara, ya fita daga ruwa don cin abinci.

Otter salon rayuwa

Otters sune kawai Marten da ke da rayuwar rayuwa ta amphibian. Sukan yi iyo da sauri cike da mamaki. Suna ciyar da ruwa sosai, amma kuma suna jin daɗin ƙasa. Misalin kogi, alal misali, na iya tafiya cikin dusar ƙanƙan da yawa na awoyi da yawa.

Mafi sau da yawa, masu zaune suna zaune a cikin ramuka, kuma a lokaci guda suna ba da mazaunin don ƙofar ta buɗe a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Wani lokaci sukanyi wani abu kamar rami a gadajen girke.

Idan isasshen abinci a wurin da otter yake zaune, zai iya zama ya zauna shekaru da yawa. Koyaya, idan an rage hannun jari, dabba za ta motsa zuwa ƙarin wuraren "burodi". Baya ga babban rami a cikin yankin dabba mai hankali, akwai wasu ƙarin wuraren mafaka a inda zaku iya ɓoyewa daga maƙiya da yawa - dawakai, bears, Wolverines, Wolves, lynxes, da sauransu.

Otters suna aiki da yawa a maraice da daddare, amma kuma yayin rana, idan babu wanda ya dame su, zasu iya zuwa farauta.

An bambanta nau'ikan otters daban-daban na matakan zamantakewa. Don haka, idan maɓuɓɓugan teku za su iya haifar da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na maza, kuma maƙoƙi na Kanada na Kanada suna samar da ƙungiyoyin maɓalli na mutane 10 -12, to, tsabar kogin ya fi son ya jagoranci salon rayuwa ɗaya. Mata tare da 'yan sanduna suna mamaye wani yanki na gama gari da sauran mata, amma kowannensu yana kiyaye karamar kaidi nasa. Shirye-shiryen maza sun fi girma da kuma haɗuwa da mãkirci na mata da yawa. Mata da maza kawai suna haɗa kansu don ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin lokacin kiwo. Maza basa shiga cikin haɓaka zuriya kuma suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin manyan koguna da kuma wuraren buɗe tudun teku. Mace sun fi son ƙananan koguna da shinge.

Matan na otter na gama gari mata ne masu kulawa. Yankunan suna tare da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun kai shekara 1. A wannan lokacin, tana koya musu yadda ake kamun kifi. Kifi kamfani ne na ainihi, kuma zuwa kammala, ƙwararrun matasa sun mallake shi kawai shekara ɗaya da rabi.

Otters suna magana sosai. A cikin abubuwan yau da kullun, alamun siginar sauti da aka fi amfani da su shine babban whistles tsakanin uwaye da cuban. Yayin artabun dabbobi, dabbobi zasu iya cinyewa kamar karnuka, da kuma mutanen da ke firgita yawanci. A lokacin wasanni, juyawar da suke yaɗuwa ya bazu ko'ina.

Kare cikin yanayi

Jawo dusar ƙanƙara na da kyau kuma yana da dindindin, abin da ya sa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata an kashe waɗannan dabbobi ko'ina. An kuma lalata su don hana raguwa a hannun jari na kifaye. Yanzu ba a samun masalan gama gari a cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda suka saba zama (misali, a cikin Netherlands, Belgium da Switzerland). Kuma a yau, lokacin da aka jera duk nau'ikan otters a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya, lambobin su na ci gaba da raguwa saboda gurɓatar jikin ruwan.

Bayanin Otter na Kudancin Amurka

Wadannan ababen hawa suna da matsakaicin girman jiki; sunada girma kadan fiye da masu kogin Kanada.

Tsawon jiki ya bambanta daga santimita 50 zuwa 79, ƙari da tsutsar wutsiya - 37.5-57 santimita. Nauyin ya bambanta daga kilo 5 zuwa 145.

Maza sun fi girma cikin girma fiye da mace. Kamar sauran otters, Maɗaukaki na Kudancin Amurka suna da jiki mai tsayi na dindindin tare da gajerun ƙafafu.

Shugaban yana lebur tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu zagaye waɗanda ke ƙasa low a cikin bangarorin. Zzlearfin muƙila ne babba da gajere. Wuyan yayi kauri, yayi gajarta, fadila kuma yayi daidai da girman kai. Idanun suna ƙanana, amma an yi ɗamara, saboda haka masu ba da ra'ayi suna da kallo mai kyau. Wutsiyar tana da ma'amala, lokacin farin ciki. Kowane paw ya ƙare da yatsunsu biyar tare da ƙarfi. Connectedirƙirai suna da alaƙa da membranes. Kafafun hular sun fi gaban girma.

M da dogon fur yana jin kamar ƙari ga taɓawa. Ragowar gashi mai tauri ne mai kauri, tsawonsu shine milimita 12-14, kuma sandararrun tayi laushi, tsayinsa ya kai milimita 7-9. Tsarin musamman na Jawo yana ba da izinin otter ya sa busar da ƙasa ta bushe. Basu da asarar mai. Launin Jawo mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, yayin da ciki yake da haske, kusan fararen fata. Tabe bakin ya yi kyau a kusa da bakin. Jirgin ruwan saman yana da launin toka-shuɗi.

Otter ta Kudancin Amurka ((Lontra longicaudis).

Karkashin ruwan Kogin Neotropic

Wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin fadama, koguna, tafkuna, a wurare daban-daban na kogin da aka samo a cikin koguna, dazuzzuka masu rarrafe da savannahs. Tersasashen Kudancin Amurka suna fifita koguna da koguna masu tsabta tare da ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu. Haka kuma akwai tabbaci cewa wadannan masu bautar suna zaune a cikin wuraren ramuka na filayen shinkafa da wuraren sarrafa gwangwani a Guyana.

Kudancin Amurka teran Afirka Rayuwa

Abubuwan kogin Neotropic suna jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, amma a wuraren da mutane ke zama, wasu mutane sun sauya zuwa aikin dare.

Masoyan Kudancin Amurka za su iya iyo da kyau. Idan mai nutsewa yake shiga cikin ruwa, kunnuwansa da hanci sun rufe. Idan otter ɗin ba ya cikin ruwa, to, yana kusa da shi. Tare da jinkirin yin iyo, layin otter tare da dukkan wata gabar jiki guda huɗu, kuma tare da saurin motsi yana matsa gaban gaba zuwa jikin mutum kuma yana yin rawar jiki tare da ƙafafun sa da wutsiya.

Otters koyaushe suna zaune kusa da tafkunan, saboda yawancin rayukansu suna wucewa cikin ruwa.

Kamar kowane otters, Masu fafutuka na Kudancin Amurka suna kashe wani lokacin lokacinsu na wasa wasanni. Sun tono ramuka a cikin ƙasa kusa da tafki, kuma suna iya amfani da kogo a matsayin mafaka, amma da wuya maƙarinsu su sami zuriya cikin su. Zasu iya sa baki, gurnani ko gurneti.

Abincin abinci na otot na ototropical sun hada da kifi, crustaceans, mollusks, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, wasu lokuta ƙananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye.

Abokan gaba na maƙiyin Kudancin Amurka sune jaguars, anacondas, caimans, tsuntsaye masu farauta da karnukan daji.

Tsarin zamantakewar jama'ar Kudancin Amurka

Otasashen Kudancin Amurka ba mafi yawan dabbobi ba ne. Suna haɗuwa ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Namiji yana gaba da mace ne kawai a lokacin tsinkaye.

Otters koyaushe suna tafiya tare da hanyoyi guda ɗaya waɗanda ke alama ta asirin gland, feces da fitsari.

Otters suna alamar fitsari a cikin manyan wuraren: a kan tsaunuka, kan dutse, itatuwa, da makamantansu.

Ana cin ƙananan otters a ruwa, kuma manyan suna sauka a bakin.

Tasirin mutane a kan yawan Kudancin Amurkawa

Neotropical kogin otters ana farauta don nama da konkoma karãtunsa fãtun. Otters din ma sun mutu, sun ɗaure cikin raga.

Rage mazaunin otter da farauta wa annan dabbobin sun haifar da mummunan lalata nau'in halittar.

Barazanar ga nau'in otters ta Kudancin Amurka tana da alaƙa da lalata mazauninsu: mutane suna sare gandun daji, wuraren huɗar ruwa, busassun ruwa, yana haifar da rarrabuwar kewayon, kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da raguwar adadin nau'in halittu. Bugu da kari, otters suna fama da gurbacewar ruwa. Yawancin dabbobi suna mutuwa sakamakon farauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

A yau, magudanun ruwa neotropical suna ƙarƙashin kariyar jiha a ƙasashe da yawa. Ya rage da za a yi imani da cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen adana yanayin.

Otter Kudancin Amurka

Otter ta Kudancin Amurka Lontra longicaudis (synonym na Lutar incarum) - yana zaune a cikin tabkuna, koguna, fadama da lagos na Mexico da Kudancin Amurka. A Kudancin Amurka, ana samunsa a cikin Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil da arewacin Argentina. A Meksiko, ƙwayar otter ta zama ruwan dare gama gari. Dukkanin Kudancin Amurka, yana da yanki mafi fadi.

Kudancin Kudancin Amurka dabba ce wacce take da matsakaiciya, mara girman gaske ga kogin Kanter. Kamar kowane otters kogin, yana da daskararren daskararre dlong body da gajere, kafafu masu ƙarfi. Jawo gashi kuma gajere, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki yayi haske, kusan fari fari. Yankin da ke bakin bakin ya kusan fari. Subsungiyoyi uku sun bambanta da siffar noses. Jirgin sama mai laushi ne, gashin waje yana da wuya, mai sheki. Tsarin Jawo yana ba da izinin otter ta bari girgizar ƙasa ta bushe yayin da dabbar ta jike. Kudancin Kudancin Amurka ba su da mai ajiyar kitse, kuma Jawo shine kawai hanyarta don kula da zafin jiki a cikin ruwan sanyi.

Shugaban otter din zagaye da lebur ne tare da kananan kunnuwa zagaye wadanda aka sanya su kasa a bangarorin kai. Mucks gajere ne kuma faɗaɗa, tare da dogaye masu yawa. Neckun ya yi kauri, gajeru, tsayi-kai. Idanun suna ƙanana, zagaye, kafaɗa kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan dubawa.

Wutsiya tana da kauri, conical, murdede tun daga tushe har zuwa ƙarshen bakin. An sanya paws a cikin membranes, kowannensu yana da yatsu biyar. A kan ƙafafun yanar gizo - maƙalari masu ƙarfi. Kafafun gaba na otter sun yi gajere fiye da na baya, wanda ke ba su damar iyo sosai. Lokacin da masu ruwa da tsaki ke iyo a hankali, suna layi tare da dukkan paws huɗu. Lokacin yin iyo ko ruwa, suna danna ɗan gajeren hancin gaba zuwa gaɓoɓin jikin mutum kuma suna aiki da ƙafafun kafa mai ƙarfi da wutsiya, waɗanda ke aiki da sifar mai siyarwa. Kunnuwa da hanci sun rufe lokacin da aka nitse cikin ruwa. Matan suna da nau'i-nau'i biyu kan nono.

Kudancin Amurka na Kudancin Amurka suna ciyar da kifi, kifin kifi da ɓawon burodi, yawancin kwari. kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da kuma kananan dabbobi. Tana cin ƙananan abincin a ruwa. babba - yana kaiwa bakin teku kuma ya ci shi a can.

Kudancin Kudancin Amurka ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo. Kamar sauran masu ruwa da tsaki, tana iya jinkirta lokacin ci gaban ciki, amma ba a san ciki ba. An haife jarirai masu gashi da fur, amma idanunsu a rufe suke kuma a buɗe na tsawon kwanaki 44. Lokacin da kwana 52, matasa sun fara rarrafe daga ramin kuma suna yawon kusa. Lokacin da suke da shekaru 74, suna shiga cikin ruwa tare da mahaifiyarsu kuma suna farauta. Maza basa cikin ɗaukar zuriya. Suna haɗuwa da mata ne kawai a lokacin ma'aurata - wannan yana faruwa wata rana a shekara.

Kudancin Kudancin Amurka yana jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun, yana kiyaye shi kadai. Wasu mutane sun dace da ayyukan da ba su dace ba a wuraren da mutane ke damuwa. Otters suna alamar wuraren farauta tare da asirin glandar, fitsari da feces, waɗanda suke barin su a wani wuri mai tsayi kusa da ruwa (alal misali, kan gadoji da katako). Akwai ra'ayi cewa ta wannan hanyar otters suna bayyana jinsi na su. Bayanan sautikansu suna iyakantuwa ta hanyar ihu, gurnani da sauti mai amo.

Wani bebe dan Kudancin Amurka yana haƙa rami a cikin ƙasa kusa da tafki, sau da yawa a cikin tushen bishiyoyi ko ya mamaye wani kogo a cikin duwatsun.

Kudancin Kudancin Amurka ana farauta sosai, kuma wannan shine dalilin da yasa ba'a same shi ba a wurare da yawa na yanayin da ya saba. Wannan nau'in a halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin kariya a cikin jihohi da yawa. Masu bin ɗabi'ar zahiri na otter sune anacondas, jaguars, tsuntsayen ganima, 'yan kawa da kuma karnukan daji.

Guda uku ne sananne.
Lutra saniaudis annectens,
Lutra longicaudis enudris
Lutra longicaudis platenisis.

A baya can, asalin Kudancin Amurka an danganta shi ne ga genus Lutra, amma an koma da shi ga asalin halittar Lontra dangane da sabon binciken da aka yi. Yawancin masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun yarda da tsohon rarrabuwa, kamar dai yadda suke nuna bambance bambanci tsakanin jinsunan 'yanci.