Bayyanar mutum da hali. Kadan karami daya da yai yawa. Tsuntsu mai kauri, mai kafaffuwa, dogaye, mai launin ja da launi mai launi na kirji da “fuska”. Weight 15-23 g, tsawon tsayin 12-16 cm. Yin tsalle tare da kasa ko rassan, wani lokacin zaryanka yakan tsaya ba zato ba tsammani kuma yana durƙushewa, yana jan wutsiyarsa.

Bayanin. Tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in ana iya rikita su tare da karamin ɗan tsuntsayen tsuntsu, wanda a cikin jan launi daga makogwaro baya zuwa goshi da idanu. Namiji mace da mace suna da launi iri ɗaya, bambance-bambancen yanayi na launuka kaɗan ne. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye a lokacin rani suna da launi "blackbird" mai launi, amma tuni an fara ganin jan zaren a kirjin su. Da kaka, sukan sayi kayan girki, kamar a cikin manya, amma tare da iyakokin ocher mai haske akan reshe na sama. Wannan alamar tana wanzuwa har zuwa tsakiyar bazara mai zuwa kuma tana ba mu damar bambanta matasa tsuntsaye daga manya a kaka, kuma a cikin bazara da farkon bazara - tsohuwar shekara ɗaya (shekara ta kalandar shekara 2) daga tsofaffi.

Kuri'a. Waƙar ba ta daidaita ba a cikin lokaci da girma, waƙoƙin tsabta masu tsabta suna ba da izinin murƙushewar rikice-rikice, tare da bayanan "ƙarfe" ko kusan ji ko karar saƙo. Ba shi da takamaiman lokacin, zai iya haɗawa da muryoyin sautin na akai-akai, amma galibi jumloli game da gajeren lokaci suna ta ɓoyewa tare da dakatarwar da ba ta dace ba. Mafi yawan aiki da hankali suna raira wakar da maraice, idan tsuntsayen rana suyi shuru, a wannan lokacin namiji yakan rera waka a saman bishiya. Suna iya raira waƙa da dare. Wani lokacin gajeran waƙoƙi suna raira mata. Alamu na nuna damuwa da kwazon da ake yawan amfani da su suna karuwa “teak», «kaska kaska», «tk-tk-tk"Kazalika da muryar dabara"cigaba"ko"tsii».

Matsayi na Rarraba. Kusan dukkan Turai, Bahar Rum, zuwa gabas, kewayon ya kai kusan Siberia ta Tsakiya. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yawancin Rashawa na Turai daga gandun dajin zuwa yankin taiga ta arewa. Juyowa ne, amma a kudu na yankin dajin wasu tsuntsaye na iya zama na hunturu. Masu cin nasara a kudu na Turai, a arewacin Afirka, a cikin Caucasus, kusa da tekun Baƙi da Caspian, a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Rayuwa. Ya isa shi kadai a watan Afrilu, zuwa arewa - a farkon ko tsakiyar watan Mayu. Yawancin gandun daji daban-daban, zai fi dacewa gauraye, m, ya cufuda su, tare da wadataccen horar ciki da zurfin ƙasa. Gefen gida mafi yawanci ana samunsa ne a ƙasa ƙarƙashin kariyar ganyayyaki, ƙyallen itace, itacen katako, lokacin farin ciki ko bishiyar Kirsimeti. Wani lokacin ma yakan gina shekerar da ba ta da girma a saman kasa a cikin manya-manyan ko daga cikin tushen lalacewa.

Gida yana da kamannin kwano da aka haɗa da ciyawa, ganye, gansakuka, tushen, zaruruwa na gasa. An shirya takalmin katako tare da guda, amma mafi kyawun abu tare da ƙari na ulu, ƙwayoyin shuka mai laushi, ƙaramin gashin fuka-fukai. A cikin huɗɗun akwai ƙwai 5-7, launinsu yana ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ko fari mai launin shuɗi, lokaci-lokaci kore. Cksan ƙananan kanana ne, ɗanɗano ko launin shuɗi, ko kuma a maimakon haka wasu ƙananan kalamai a cikin fesa ko'ina cikin kwai ko sama da haka a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshe. Mace kawai ke shigar da kama don kwanaki 12-15, namiji yakan ciyar da shi. Iyaye suna ciyar da kajin a cikin mazauni na kwanaki 12-15 kuma kusan mako guda bayan tashi. Yawancin nau'i-nau'i ko da a cikin arewacin kewayon gida sau biyu lokacin bazara.

Tashi yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara kuma ya shimfiɗa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, kuma za'a iya samun tsuntsayen mutane a farkon hunturu. Yi hijira cikin dare. Ganyayyakin da aka tara a kan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, kuma galibi a ƙasa, yana cin kwari da yawa, gizo-gizo, ƙananan tsutsotsi, ƙamshin itace da sauran bishiyoyi. Da yardar rai ta ci berries da tsaba.

Ara aku

Bayanin Bird

Zaryanka (sune 'yan fashi, alfijir ko wayewa) sune Thumbelina na gaske: nauyinsu kawai shine gram 16-18 kuma tsawon jikinsu yakai 15-16 cm A karkashin yanayin yanayin tsuntsu, madaukakin mawaƙa yana ɓoye - tsofaffi suna da muryar kirki wacce zata iya gasa har da daddare.

Umwaya yana da launin zaitun-mai launin toka - wannan ya shafi fuka-fuki, jela da wutsiya Love, kai da ciki ana fenti ja. Idanu da iris baki ne. A pawsing tsuntsu ne na bakin ciki, amma mai wuce yarda tenacious. Af, Zaryanka ana ɗaukar tsuntsu ce mai tsayi.

Gefen baki ne mai kaifi, ƙarami ne babba.

Abin ban sha'awa, saboda rawanin lavish, zaryanki ya bayyana da cewa ƙananan ƙananan tsutsotsi ne, cike suke da yawa, amma wannan shine kawai tsarin rukiyyar.

Halayya da abinci

Robin yana ciyar da ƙananan kwari, gizo-gizo, kwari, kwari. Commonlyarancin kullun, robin ya haɗa da berries ko tsaba a cikin abincin yau da kullun.

Zaryanka wani tsuntsu ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke jagorantar kansa, sabanin kowane hanyar rayuwa. Tsuntsu yana farauta shi kadai, kuma tana ƙaunar yin waka ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba. Amma zaryanka tsuntsu ne mai fara'a da kwanciyar hankali - zai kusanci mutum ba tare da tsoro ba, yana iya cin abinci daga hannu. Amma saboda wasu dalilai yana ɗaukar wasu tsuntsaye a matsayin magabtansa. Yawancin lokaci zaryanka na iya shiga fada, don kare yankin su. Babban zalunci maza ne, kuma mata, akasin haka, suna da saukin kai da kulawa. Akwai lokuta lokacin da mace zaryanka ta kula da kajin cuckoo.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Babban zaryanka yana zaune a Turai, Yammacin Siberiya, Caucasus, Minan Asiya, da Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka. A wani yanayi mai zafi, tsuntsu ya fi so ya zauna don hunturu kuma yana jagorantar rayuwa gabaɗaya.

Robin yana ƙaunar ya zauna kusa da koguna da Wuraren ruwa - yana iya zama wuraren shakatawa, gandun daji hade, ciyayi, gandun lambu.

Saboda abokantakarsa, Zaryanka yakan sami mataimaka a tsakanin mutane. Yara suna ƙaunar ciyar da wannan tsuntsu, saboda ba ya tsoron cin abinci daga hannun.

Migratory ko hunturu

Daga lokacin sanyi zuwa hunturu, Zaryanka na ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu daɗi, kamar Afirka ko Caucasus. Tsuntsu yana jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali lokacin da yanayin iska ba ya ƙasa da digiri 15.

Zaryanka ta kasance ne a cikin tsari na Passeriformes, dan gidan tsalle-tsalle. Akwai da yawa albashinka na zaryanka, wanda zaku iya koya game da ƙasa.
Javanese dutse zaryanyka - yana zaune a tsibirin Java, Indonesia, Asiya Asiaarami. Tsuntsu yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, saboda rashin buƙatar aiwatar da jirgin sama na hunturu. A canza launin wannan nau'in, launuka masu haske sun mamaye. Gabaɗaya, mafi nisan kudu tsuntsaye na rayuwa, mafi kyawun launinta.

Zaryanka mai launin baki ko Ryukyus Nightingale

Tana zaune a Japan, Taiwan, tsibirin Ryukyu, a yankin Tekun Kudancin China.

Siffar halayyar wannan rarar tsuntsaye ita ce baƙar fata da take a kai da kuma brisket. Ryukyu Nightingale shine mai mallakar kyakkyawan murya. Yana gida a cikin gandun daji.

Zaryanyka Jafananci

Ganin tsibiran Jafananci da tarin tsibiran Izu. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin Rasha a tsibirin Sakhalin da Kudancin Kuril. Af, an haɗa tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Ruha na Sakhalin kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariyar Reshen Kurilsky.

Tsawon jikin wannan tsuntsu shine 14 cm, nauyi 16 grams. A cikin wannan nau'in, ana bayyana ƙarancin jima'i. Namiji shine mai mallakar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki shine shuɗi, mace kuwa sautin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, acikin tsarin launinta babu ruwan launi da shuɗi.

Zaryanyka na Jafananci yana da ƙarin rashi biyu. Banbance banbance su a cikin masauki kawai.

• Nauyin tallafin farko yana zaune ne a tsibirin Sakhalin, arewacin Japan, kudancin China, da kuma a tsibirin Rashin.
• Nau'o'i na biyu suna zaune a tsibiran: Yakushima, Tanegashima, Izu tarin tsibiri.
  Ba'a lura da bambance-bambancen launi tsakanin masu tallatawa.

Mace da namiji

Zaryanka wata tsuntsuwa ce wacce ba a saba gani ba - ta gwammace kadaici. Sau da yawa zaka ga ba wasu 'yan tsuntsayen waɗannan ba, amma namiji ɗaya ne ko mace zaune akan reshe. Zaryanka ba ta son dame ɗaya kaɗai, musamman tunda ba su yarda da rakiyar wasu tsuntsayen ba. Maza, cikin tsananin zafi na kiyaye yankinsu, sun sami damar yin faɗa da yaƙi. Abin baƙin cikin shine, fiye da 10% na wannan nau'in sun mutu saboda yaƙin ko dai a tsakanin su ko tare da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye.
Game da mace zaryanka, mutum zai iya faɗi mafi kyawun: kulawa, mai laushi, mai kirki. Wannan tsuntsun yana da ikon cinye kawun sauran mutane, alal misali, jariran cuckoo. Bugu da kari, mace ita kadai zata kula da gina gidan maza, namiji ya fi son yin wakar a wannan lokacin. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ƙaƙƙarfan jima'i yana waka ko da maraice, lokacin da duk tsuntsayen ba su damu da barci ba.

Maza suna son ficewa cikin komai, alal misali: ya zo da wuri fiye da mace a watan Maris, da kuma mace a farkon Mayu.

Nesting Zaryanok

Zauren Zaryanki a gindin bishiyoyi ko a cikin fasa. Gida kansa yana da siffa mara nauyi. Utsauna suna ƙaunar samun kwanciyar hankali, saboda haka suna kiyaye wannan dokar yayin gina gida - Dole ne a sami wani abu a saman: dutse, ko tushen da aka yi da itace, har gida ya zama ya rufe daga waje.

Wanene bai san zaryanka ba? Akwai tatsuniyoyi game da wannan waƙoƙin, suna bayyana shi a cikin littattafai kuma suna tuna shi cikin waƙoƙi. Zaryanka ta fi so yawancin mutane, saboda tana ba da waƙa ta musamman.

Idan za ku sami wannan kyakkyawa, halitta mai ban sha'awa, to ku sani - zaryanka yana da matukar abokantaka, ba ya buƙatar kulawa da yanayi na musamman.
Zaryanka da sauri ya daidaita cikin bauta. Zai yi wuya a gaskanta, amma ga tsuntsu, keji zai zama mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa. Gaskiyar ita ce sau da yawa, zaryanka tana shan wahala saboda gaskiyar cewa shi lasa ganima ne ga yawancin masu hasashen yanayi. Fuka-fukai, dawakai, kuli-daji, ermines, martens, petting - duk waɗannan dabbobin da suka kama ganima a zaryanka, haka ma, suna karya kuraninta. A cikin zaman talala - Zaryanka bai san wannan ba kuma zai kasance lafiya.

Cell bukata

Don gyarawa, zai fi kyau zaɓi ɗan sel da aka yi da ƙarfe ko itace. Sanya gidan tsuntsu a wuri mai zafin rana - wannan zai zuga tsuntsun yayi waka.
A gida, asali sosai. Masonry yana ɗaukar kwanaki 14. Duk iyayen biyu suna tsere. Abin sha'awa shine, an haifi kajin ba tare da magudi ba. Kimanin sati biyu kenan, kajin suna karkashin kulawar iyayensu. Yunkurin farko na tashiwa ya faru ne a rana ta ashirin bayan haihuwa, kuma bayan wata daya kajin sun zama kamar tsuntsayen manya kuma suna iya barin gida.

Bayanan Gaske

1. Robin wata tsuntsuwa ce mai nuna bambanci: baya son kungiyar tsuntsaye, amma tana jin daɗin kusancin mutum.
2. Tsuntsu ba ta son buɗe sararin samaniya, tana ƙaunar zama cikin ƙaƙƙarfan itace da ciyayi.
3. A Burtaniya, Zaryanka tsuntsu ne mai daraja. Sau da yawa akan tambarin turanci zaka ga hoton wannan tsuntsu, saboda alama ce ta Burtaniya mai girma.
4. A cikin faɗa tsakanin kansu, kusan 10% na zaryanok sun mutu.
5. Tsuntsu ya sami suna mai dadi saboda raye-raye da farko - wakar zaryanka tare da bayyanar alfijir. Wani lokaci ana iya jin tsuntsu da yamma.
6. Wani labari ya bazu tsakanin mutane, kamar dai budurwar Maryamu ta bauta wa zariya a lokacin haihuwar Yesu - ta tattara kayan don yin wuta, kuma ta goyi bayan harshenta da fuka-fuki - saboda haka burinta yana da jan tan.
7. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa zaryanka yana da kowane dama na rayuwa tsawon lokaci a cikin bauta, amma a cikin yanayin halitta yana cikin haɗari.