Suna: Fanaloka, Malavasy strip civet.
Yankin: endemic game. Madagascar
Bayanin: Bsan murfin Malagasy tagar civet ya kasance kamar bakin ciki da tsawo, an daidaita shi don gudanar da sauri. Gurasar kamshi suna kan kunci da wuya.
Fanaloka yayi kama da fatara tsakanin cat da kare - yana da manyan idanu da manyan kunnuwa masu zagaye. Hakoran suna da kaifi A kan kafafu girma retractable mai lankwasa claws. Akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu. Jawo gashi yana da yawa, gajeru. Gashinan ya ishe shi, ya bushe.
Launi: m-launin toka, layuka guda huɗu na baƙar fata tafi tare da bangarorin daga kai zuwa wutsiya (a cikin wasu mutane waɗannan layun suna haɗuwa cikin ratsi), akwai misalai masu yawa iri a baya. Akwai farin tabo a kai (kusa da kusurwar bayan kunne).
Partashin ƙananan jikin yana da haske - launin toka ko fari. A wutsiya akwai zoben baƙi da launin ruwan kasa.
Girman: tsayin jiki tare da kai 40-45 cm, tsawon wutsiya 21-23 cm.
Weight: maza har zuwa kilogiram 2, mace - har zuwa kilogiram 1.5.
Tsawon rayuwa: cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 10-15.
Kuri'a: a lokacin rarrashi ganima, Malagasy taguwar civet tsiro.
Habitat: wanda aka samo shi a wurare masu laushi a cikin tsauri na yankuna na arewa da gabashin tsibirin.
Yana zaune akan bishiyoyi.
Abokan gaba: matasa civet farauta macizai, tsuntsaye da sauran masu farauta (alal misali, karnukan da mutane suka kawo wa tsibirin).
Abinci: fanaloka wani karnukan dabba ne da ke farautar kananan ƙananan tsarurruka (dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsayen, tsuntsaye da ƙwayayensu), ƙwari, mollus da kuma mayukan ƙasa. Wani lokacin yakan ciyar da 'ya'yan itace da .ya fruitsyan itãcen marmari.
Halayyar: taguwar civets suna jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Mazauna matsakaici suna shiryawa cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi ko ɓoyewa tsakanin asalinsu.
Fanaloks forage a ƙasa, akan ƙananan bishiyoyi da gandun daji.
A lokacin hunturu (Yuni-Agusta), dabbobi kan adana mai, wanda aka ajiye adadi mai yawa a cikin wutsiya.
Tsarin zamantakewa: Daga cikin lokacin kiwo, karkatar da civet yana haifar da rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Wani sashe na mutum biyu yana ɗaukar mil mil. Iyakokin ƙasa na dabbobi alamar asirin anogenital, mahaifa da buccal gland shine yake.
Kiwo: Malagasy taguwar cingt - auren mace ɗaya, nau'i biyu a lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.
Lokacin / kiwo: lissafin watan Agusta-Satumba. An haifi Cubs ne daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu.
Balaga: cikin shekaru 3-4.
Ciki: yana tsawon watanni 3.
Zuriya: mace tana haihuwar maraƙi mai gani guda 65-70 g. Jikin maraƙin yana rufe da fur. 'Yar tsana tana ci gaba a hankali. Lactation yana watanni 2-3. Jariri ya bar mahaifiyar idan ya juya kamar shekara daya.
Amfana / cutar da mutane: Mutanen karkara sun kama ganima don cin nama.
Yawan jama'a / kiyayewa: kimanin matsakaicin zangon fanalock yana kusan 2000 km 2.
An jera jinsunan a cikin littafin IUCN a matsayin jinsin barazana a cikin Babban Taron CITES (Shafi na II).
Babban dalilin raguwar adadin malalar kwalliyar kwalliyar Malagasy shine raguwar mazauna, farauta da gasa don abinci tare da Indian civet (Viverricula indica).
Kudi: Portal Zooclub
Lokacin sake maimaita wannan labarin, haɗin haɗin mai aiki zuwa tushen shine MALAMIYA, in ba haka ba, za a dauki amfani da labarin wannan cin zarafi ne na "Doka a Hakkin mallakar hakkin mallaka da na".
Bayyanar
Agasarfin Madagascar sun bambanta sosai da na dabbobi, kuma daga mahangar zahirin yanayi babu wasu bambance-bambance na haɗin kai da zai bambanta su da sauran masu farautar. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kasance daga cm 25 a mungo zuwa 70 cm a fossa, nau'in mafi girma. Arfin nauyi daga 0.6 zuwa 12 kg. Jiki yana da siririn da elongated, wata gabar jiki gajeru ce. Mayafin yana da launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa kuma, in banda fossa da ƙaramin-toothed mungo, yana da aibobi ko ratsi a kai.
Shugaban 'yan Madagascar, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da wulakanci mai ban tsoro, kawai fossa tare da gajeren kwanyar sa suna kama da feline. Halin jaws na masu farauta a Madagascar, ban da fossa, ba shi da ƙarancin ci gaba, kuma a cikin ƙaramin-haƙori-mungo, tsarin hakora sun yi kama sosai da dabbobi.
Aiki da halayyar zaman jama'a
Rayuwar 'yan ƙasar Madagascar tana da bambanci sosai kuma har yanzu ba a yi cikakken nazari a cikin ɗimbin halittu ba. Speciesananan nau'ikan, irin su mungo, suna jagorantar salon rayuwar rana, waɗanda suka fi girma suna da ƙarfi da dare ko a faɗuwar rana. M bishiyoyi masu ratsa jiki, kogwannin dutse da wuraren ɓarna wuta na kankara, gami da ginannen ginannun abubuwan da aka keɓe don zama wuraren shakatawa. Halin zamantakewa shima ya bambanta sosai: tare da nau'ikan jinsin da suka fi so su zauna shi kaɗai, akwai nau'in halittu da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙananan rukuni. Yawancin jinsuna suna jagorantar salon rayuwarsu kuma suna alama da ƙasarsu tare da asirin ta hanyar glandar musamman. Yawancin magabatan Madagascar dabbobi ne na ƙasa, amma wasu (alal misali, fossa) suna da kyau a hawa bishiyoyi. Mungo-tailed zogo shima babban iyo ne.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Madagascar wyverns galibi carnivores ne, suna ciyar da kwari da sauran wuraren motsa jiki, haka kuma hanyoyi daban-daban, gwargwadon girman su. Kyakkyawan-munot-mungo ƙwararre ne a cikin tsarin halittu na duniya, kuma wasu nau'ikan, irin su mungo mai zobe da fanaluca, suma suna cin fruita inan a kananan ƙananan.
Kiwo
Ba a san kaɗan ba game da haihuwar ɗimbin halittar Madagascar. A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai ingantaccen lokacin dabbar danshi, galibi a cikin hunturu ko bazara. Tsawan lokacin ciki kusan watanni uku ne, kuma adadin 'ya' yan a cikin magaryar ta yi ƙanana ne - ɗaya ko biyu. Fossi ne kawai ke da ƙwatan huɗu a lokaci guda. Jariri jarirai suna ciyar da makonni na farko na rayuwa a cikin mafaka, kuma reno daga madara yana faruwa tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa hudu. Kusan babu bayanai game da tsammanin rayuwarsu a cikin daji. A cikin bauta, burbushin mungos mai raɗaɗi yana rayuwa sama da shekaru ashirin.
Barazanar
Dukkanin 'yan kasar Madagascar ana daukar su cikin hadari. Dalilan sune yawan lalacewar yanayin rayuwarsu, tare da gasa tare da nau'ikan da mutane suka gabatar, kamar karnuka da karamin civet. Bugu da kari, wasu nau'ikan 'yan Madagascar, kamar fossa, ana farauta ne saboda suna kashe kaji. Daga cikin nau'ikan goma na 'yan Madagascar, IUCN sun ba da matsayin "m" (m) zuwa hudu jinsuna, sauran shida suna dauke "hadarin"barazana).
Ci gaban juyin halitta
Sakamakon bambance-bambance a cikin ilimin halittar dabbobi da salon rayuwa, an samar da yankuna biyu na magabatan Madagascar a kalla iyalai daban-daban guda biyu: mungo (Galidiinae) ya danganta da mongoose, da Malagasy civet (Euplerinae) ga Wyverns, yayin da alaƙar takaddama na Fossa ya kasance mai jayayya. Saboda wasu sifofi na halaye, wani lokacin ma ana danganta shi da dangin cat, kodayake galibi yana kasancewa har zuwa ɗayan ƙungiyoyi na farko.
Nazarin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar kwatancen DNA sun bayyana sakamakon da ba a tsammani ba cewa masu hasashen Madagascar sun kafa ƙungiya ta dabbobi, wato, sun fito daga magabata na gama gari. Bayan haka, suka fara rarrabe cikin iyali dabam Eupleridae. Haɗin Phylogenetic a cikin wannan harajin har yanzu bai cika cikakkiyar ma'ana ba, kuma yana yiwuwa mungoes rukuni ne na zahiri.
Mafi kusancin dangin Madagascar sune mongooses. Wataƙila magabatan Madagascar sun fito ne daga asalin magabatan-maciji da suka tsallaka taswirar Mozambique a Late Oligocene ko a farkon Miocene (daga shekaru miliyan 20 zuwa 30 da suka gabata). Don haka, idan aka kwatanta da sauran rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Madagascar, sun kasance takaddun saurayi ne na ƙwararraki, wanda, duk da wannan, ya sami damar mallakar albarkatun halittu daban-daban cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Malagasy Taguwar Civet
Malagasy tagar civet - Fossa fossana - kawai wakilan kwayoyin halittar, wanda aka saba samu a yankuna na daji na Madagascar. Duk da cewa fossa yana da kirki Fossa yana da kama da suna tare da fossa na kwayoyin Gagarinka - wani Madagascar vivera, waɗannan dabbobin biyu sun sha bamban da juna.
Tsawon jiki tare da shugaban Malagasy taguwar civet shine 400-450 mm, wutsiya 210-230 mm. Maza suna yin nauyi zuwa 2 kg, mace har zuwa kilogiram 1.5. Launin rigar yana da launin toka-toka, a gefunan akwai layuka guda huɗu na fararen fata, haka kuma da dama ɗayan wuraren guda ɗaya a bayan. A wasu daidaikun mutane na tseguntar Malagasy, wadannan aibobi sun hade zuwa ratsi. A wutsiyar zobe akwai baƙi da launin ruwan kasa. Cutar ciki da sauran ƙananan jikinta suna da haske - launin toka ko fari, akwai aibobi - wasu dabbobi suna da ƙari, wasu sun rage. Hannun kafafu suna da bakin ciki, sun dace da sauri. A cikin ɓarkewar buɗewar Malagasy, glandon mai ƙanshi ba su cikin yankin nazar ba, amma a kan cheeks da wuya.
Wannan Madagascar civet tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji mai cike da ɓoye kuma suna ɓoye cikin ɓatattun bishiyoyi ko ɓoyayyun dake tsakanin asalin sa. Tana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau, tana rayuwa a duniya da bishiyoyi. Yana ciyarwa a kan mollusks, ƙananan tsutsotsi na vertebrate, gami da frogs, wani lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Fossa zama nau'i-nau'i a cikin wani yanki. An haifi Cubs ne tsakanin Oktoba da Janairu. Cutar ciki tana tsawon watanni 3, mace tana haihuwar guda ɗaya, wanda a lokacin haihuwa yakai nauyin 65-70. Tana ciyar da ita da madara tsawon watanni 2, kuma tana da shekara ɗaya saurayin ya kai nauyin dabba mai girma. Sanan fossa, wanda ya rayu cikin yanayi na shekaru 11.
Madagascar civet an jera shi a cikin IUCN kuma a shafi ta 2 na CITES. Rage mazaunin mazaunin fossa, da farauta sun rage adadinta zuwa mawuyacin hali a gabashin da kuma arewa maso yamma na gandunan daji na Madagascar.
Alamun waje na malalar tagulla civet
Ruwan buɗaɗɗun Malagasy yana da babban jiki, matsakaici mai tsayi sosai da wutsiyar silima, wacce kusan rabin tsawon jikin take.
Tsawon tsayin jikin Malaman kwandon shara ya kai 40-45 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine cm 21-25. Maza sunkai kimanin kilo 2, mace har zuwa 1.5 kilogiram.
Dabbobin suna da dogon wulakantaccen wulakanci, kusoshin kan paws na ƙanana suna kanana. Hanya na nau'in yankan, dan kadan dabam. Abubuwan da ke iya cin gashin kansu na ci gaba ne masu kyau, amma ba a inganta matakan fanke ba. Jawo gajere ne, lokacin farin ciki, mai launin ja, mai duhu launin ruwan duhu a ɓangarorin; suna haifar da kullun rabe da baya. Akwai wani farin tabo wanda zai iya gani a kai kusa da kusurwar kunne na bayan kunne. Cutar ciki tana da fari ko fari. Gashin gashi a kan wutsiya ya fi tsayi tare da duhu launin toka mai kafaɗa elongated zobba. Ganuwar anal bata nan.
Malagasy taguwar civet (Fossa fossana).
Thean muryoyin Malaguwa na tagar cingt suna da bakin ciki da dogaye, sun dace da yanayin gudu. Gurasar kamshi suna kan kunci da wuya.
Dabba tana da manyan idanu da manyan kunnuwa masu zagaye. A kan paws retractable mai lankwasa claws. Akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu.
Yawan mazajen Malagasy na tagar civet
Malagasy tagar tagulla yana da matsananciyar damuwa ga Madagascar, wacce ke zaune a yankuna gabashi da arewacin tsibirin. Wannan tsuntsu yana zaune cikin dazuzzuka masu sanyin rai waɗanda suke kusa da koguna da kuma wuraren da ba a sha wahala ba. Tana zaune a karkashin dazuzzukan kurmi mai yawa, gami da gandun daji na bakin teku, wanda ya bazu zuwa tsawon mil 1600 a saman matakin teku, amma da wuya saurin kaiwa sama da 1000 m. Yana guje wa gandun daji na sakandare.
Gashi a kan wutsiyar akwatin ya fi tsayi akan jiki, da duhu launin ruwan duhu mai zurfi mai zurfi mai zurfi a cikin nau'i mai canza zobba.
Takaitaccen salon rayuwa
Ruwan kwalliya na Malagasy yana haifar da yanayin rayuwar ƙasa kawai, tare da mafi yawan ayyukan da ke faruwa cikin dare. A cikin kullun, awannin hasken rana, maharban yana ɓoye tsakanin duwatsun, cikin rami, cikin rami tsakanin asalin. Fanaloka ya ciyar a ƙasa, a kan ƙananan bishiyoyi da ciyayi. Zuwa lokacin hunturu, maɓallin tsintsiyar Malagasy yana sanya ƙamshin mai da yawa wanda ke adana shi a cikin wutsiya. Saboda wannan fasalin, dabbobi na iya zama ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci ba, kuma suna iya jira mara kyau lokacin farauta.
A waje da lokacin kiwo, karkatar da civet yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Kowane ma'aurata suna da nasu tsarin, waɗanda ke rufe yanki mai nisan mil 1. Iyakokin ƙasashen suna alamar asirin gland shine yake, suna ɓoye abubuwa masu ƙanshi mai kyau wanda dabbobi ke yiwa alama wannan ko wancan abun. Fanalocks kyawawan dabbobi ne masu natsuwa. Da wuya su ba da murya kuma alamomin muryarsu ba su da bambanci sosai. Yayin rarrabuwar ganima, Malagasy ta karkatar da civet.
Fanaloka yana amfani da sigina na ƙanshi sau da yawa, alal misali, don alamar ƙasa.
Dalilan raguwar adadin Malagasy civet
Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, maƙarƙƙarɗiyar hanya ta Malagasy ta zauna a cikin dazuzzukan Madagascar da yawa, amma yanzu ana samun ta ne kawai a arewacin da kuma gabashin yankin. Matsakaicin mazaunin dabbobi masu yawanci yakai 2000 km2. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, adadin waɗannan dabbobin a cikin yanayin ya ragu da 20-25%.
A cewar masana, babban dalilin rage yawansu shine raguwar dazuzzukan daji, gandun farko, sakamakon wannan tsari da ba a sarrafa shi ba, yakan kawai rasa mazauninsu na asali. Bugu da kari, farauta da akai-akai da kuma tsinkayar kuliyoyin da aka shigo dasu, karnuka da karamin civet na Indiya, wadanda ke yin gasa da gidan caca na Malagasy, suna da mummunar tasiri a cikin yanayin jinsin. Yara macizai suna farauta da macizai, tsuntsaye. Yawan jama'ar yankin suna cin naman Malagasy striped civet. Hakanan ana harba dabbobi don kyakkyawan fata da kayan warkarwa na civet, wanda ake amfani dashi a magani da masana'antar ƙona turare.
An harbe Malacasy taguwar civet don Jawo da kayan warkarwa na civet.
Matsayin kiyayewa na Malagasy civet
An jera jerin gwano na Malagasy akan jerin IUCN Red a matsayin jinsin da za'a iya fuskantar barazanar lalata a nan gaba. Dabbobin da ba a sani ba ana kiyaye su ta Yarjejeniyar CITES (Shafi na II). Madagascar civet yana cikin jerin IUCN.
An kiyaye kariya daga ɗaukakar ta Malagasy a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar: Montan d dAmbre, Andohakhela, Maroogeci, Masoala, Zakhamena, Ranomafana, kazalika a cikin ajiyar Ankaran. A cikin bauta, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10-15.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
Rarrabuwa
Fanaluca ya kamata a sanya shi a kan bututun Hemigalinae tare da taguwar dabino, sannan kuma a cikin subfamily, Fossinae, saboda kamanceceniya da wasu a rukunin, ya nuna Gregory, amma yanzu an nada shi a matsayin memba na Euplerinae subfamily, bayan Pocock ya nuna ƙarin kamance da ta hakan.
Bayanin jiki
Fanaluca ƙaramin ɗan dabba ce, kimanin santimita 47 (inci 19) in ban da wutsiya (wanda ke kusan kimanin centimita 20 ne (inci 7.9)). Maza na iya yin nauyi zuwa kilogram 1.9 (4.2 fam), kuma mace na iya daukar nauyin kilogram 1.75 (kilo 3.9). Wannan dai shi ne karo na biyu mafi girma a cikin ƙasar Madagascar bayan fossa. Shugaban nasa yana gab da .. Tana da kama da motsi na karamin dawakai. wannan na iya rikice tare da karamin marten Indiya ( Viverricula indica ) Yana da gajeren wando na launin toka-beige ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da rabe-raben baƙar fata mai duhu wanda yake tashi daga kai zuwa wutsiya, inda ratsin suke a tsaye, suna rufe wutsiyar cikin wutsiya sun fi m. The ratsi juya zuwa spots a kusa da ciki. Kafafunsa gajere ne kuma bakin ciki.
Halayyar
Fanaluca tana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun, kodayake kafofin sun sami sabani ko guda ɗaya ne, ko kuma baƙon abu ne tsakanin ƙasashe, rayuwa nau'i-nau'i. Wannan ba ingantaccen mai hawa ba ne kuma ramuka yawanci ana ziyarta.Tana ciyar da ƙaramin kwari (dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma dabbobi), kwari, dabbobi masu ruwa, da ƙwai da aka sace daga kukan tsuntsu. Yana da jin kunya da jin kunya. Amsarsu kamar ta kuka da nishi, da sautin da yayi kama da Coc-Coq . Ma'aurata maza da mata suna kiyaye babban yanki (kimanin kadada 50 (kadada 120) a matsayin yankinsu. A cikin hunturu, zai iya adana mai a cikin wutsiya, wanda zai iya yin kusan 25% na nauyinsu. Lokacin fitowar Malagasy civet shine Agusta zuwa Satumba kuma lokacin haihuwar ya kusan watanni uku, yana ƙare da haihuwar ɗa ɗaya. Matasa sun kware sosai, suna yin kimanin kimanin gram 65 zuwa 70 (wiwi 2.3 zuwa 2.5), sannan aka watsa cikin watanni biyu zuwa uku, tare da barin iyayensu har kusan shekara guda. Fanaluca yana da matsakaicin rayuwar shekaru kusan 25 a cikin bauta.
Rarraba da wurin zama
Ana samun Fanaluca a cikin filayen da kuma wurare masu zafi na gabashin da arewacin Madagascar, kuma ana iya samun su a cikin gumi mai zurfi da gandun dajin a cikin Tsarin National Amber Mountain, da kuma gaba zuwa arewa, a cikin gandun daji ba su da giya na Ankarana Yanayin Tsaftar. Ana iya samo shi daga matakin teku zuwa mita 1,600 (5,200 ƙafa) sama da matakin teku, amma yawanci ya kai mita 1,000 (ƙafa 3,300) sama da matakin teku.