Leopard Snow, ko dusar ƙanƙara (Uncia uncia, ko Panthera uncia) ita ce kawai babban nau'in cat wanda ya dace da rayuwa cikin matsanancin yanayin tsaunuka. Ofaya daga cikin nau'in ɗan itacen ɗan itacen da ba a taɓa samun nasara ba, ya rayu ne kawai saboda yanayin zama a cikin tsaunukan nesa masu nisa na Tsakiyar Asiya.

Da farko, damisa dusar ƙanƙan da daɗewa ana ganin dangin damisa ne, saboda suna ɗan yi kama da juna. Amma lokacin da aka gudanar da nazarin kwayoyin, ya zama cewa damin dusar ƙanƙara yana da dangantaka da damisa - wani abu kamar ɗan cousinan uwan ​​ɗan na biyu.

Girman girma, "cat dutsen" yana ƙasa da zaki da damisa, amma tare da cheetah yana ɗaukar matsayi na uku. Ya kai kimanin kilo 40, yana da tsawon tsayi na tsawon 120-130 cm da tsawon wutsiya mai kusan cm 100. Ya yi kama da cat da ke gida a kamannin sa da na sa. Wsarfan maƙiyana na da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Suna taimakon dabba yayi manyan tsalle-tsalle. A cewar mafarautan, damisa dusar ƙanƙara tana iya shawo kan ƙwanƙwasa 8-10arfin mita 8-10 a tsalle guda. An sanya paws sanannu da kaifi, kunkuntar, fannoni kusoshi mai siffa mai kauri.

Gidajen damisa dusar ƙanƙara yana da fadin murabba'in murabba'in kilomita dubu 1230. km Waɗannan duwatsun Pamirs ne, Tien Shan, Karakoram, Kashmir, Himalayas, Tibet, Hangai. A Rasha: duwatsun Altai, Sayan, Tannu-Ola, kazalika da tsaunukan yamma daga Kogin Baikal.

Wannan babban cat ya fi son zama a cikin wuraren da ba za a iya kwance su ba: a kan tudu, a cikin manyan dutse, shi ya sa ake kiran damisa dusar ƙanƙara. Koyaya, damisa dusar ƙanƙan da ke guje wa hawa dutsen zuwa tsaunuka - zuwa dusar ƙanƙara mai dawwama.

Dabba an daidaita ta don motsi akan murfin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi. A wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara take kwance, damisa dusar ƙanƙara yawanci suna kan hanyoyi na dindindin wanda zasuyi tafiya na dogon lokaci.

A lokacin rani, damisa dusar ƙanƙara tana zaune kusa da layin dusar ƙanƙara, a tsawan sama da nisan mil dubu huɗu, kuma cikin hunturu tana sauka. Babban dalilin wadannan motsin kuwa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari - neman abinci.

Yana farauta a mafi yawan lokuta kafin faɗuwar rana da kuma da asubahi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, damisa dusar ƙanƙara ta saukar da kayanta har zuwa lokacin da take farauta kuma tana tsallake shi da saurin walƙiya. Sau da yawa yakan yi amfani da duwatsun don yin wannan, don ba zato ba tsammani ya ɓoye wanda aka cutar a ƙasa ta hanyar tsalle daga bisa kuma kashe shi. Yayin kuskure, ba tare da kama ganima nan da nan ba, damisa dusar ƙanƙara tana biye da ita nesa ba ta wuce mita 300 ba, ko ba ta bi komai ba.

Irbis maharbi ne wanda yawanci yakan farauta don ganima, ya dace da girmanta ko ya fi girma. Yana iya cin nasara da ganima, har sau uku fiye da yadda ake samarwa. Akwai bayanan da aka samu na nasarar farauta da damisa 2 dusar ƙanƙara mai shekaru 2 mai launin ruwan ƙasa Tien Shan. Abincin tsire-tsire - sassan sassan tsirrai, ciyawa, da sauransu - Irbis ana cinyewa ban da rabon nama kawai a lokacin rani. A cikin shekarun yunwar, suna iya farauta kusa da ƙauyuka tare da kai hari kan dabbobin gida.

Irbis ne mai farashi yana rayuwa kuma yana farauta shi kaɗai. Kowane damisa dusar ƙanƙara yana zaune a cikin iyakokin yankin da aka ayyana cikakke. Idan akwai samarwa da yawa, filayen filayen dusar ƙanƙara kanana ƙanƙanuwa - daga 12 zuwa 40 murabba'in mita. km Idan abincin ya yi tsauri, to a irin wadannan wuraren akwai karancin kuliyoyi, kuma rabe-rabensu ya kai muraba'in mita 200. km

Da ke ƙasa akwai nasihohi daga tattaunawar da mai kula da tsabtace muhalli Alihon Latifi.

Akwai akuya - akwai damisa

Dukansu a cikin Tajikistan da kuma a wasu ƙasashe inda damuke da dusar ƙanƙara ke zaune (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Indiya, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia da Uzbekistan), rayuwarta ta dogara da wadatar abinci. A cewar Alikhon Latifi, duk da cewa damisa tana cin nasara akan kusan duk abin da yake motsawa - beraye, hares, marmots da marmots - ana ɗaukar awaki dutsen.

"Saboda haka, idan akuya ce, akwai damisa, babu akuya, babu damisa," injinin dabbobi ya bayyana. - Akwai lokacin da aka rage yawan wuraren zama a cikin karkara a Tajikistan. Kuma wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna komawa daga baya a ƙarƙashin matsin lambar wani mutum wanda, lokacin da yake tuki dabbobi, suka mamaye wuraren kiwo. Amma ba zai zama da matsala ba idan, ta haka, ta hanyar rage mazaunan awaki, mutane ba za su iya ba da gudummawa wajen rage yawan mazaunan dusar ƙanƙara ba.

Don haka ya faru, a cewar Latifi, a wani lokacin adadin damisa dusar ƙanƙara ya ragu sosai. A dabi'ance, an sauƙaƙe wannan ba kawai ta hanyar zalunci ba, har ma da farauta ga wannan cat.

- Wasu mutane suna da al'adar farauta da damisa, misali, Kyrgyz. A wani lokaci ana ɗaukar martaba a gare su cewa suna da furucin damisa a cikin kuncinsu. Kuma daga cikin Tajiks, duka biyu a lokacin USSR da bayan haka, ba a gudanar da farautar kogo a bayyane ba, "in ji masanin. - Mu, akasin haka, mun kama damisa waɗanda suka zo mana don dabbobi kuma muka basu duka jejin Soviet. Amma idan muka mai da hankali kan harkar farauta, to ina tsammanin ya wanzu kuma ya wanzu ko'ina, tunda har yanzu akwai mutane da yawa da suke son biyan fata na damisa.

Nawa farashin damisa, kwararren ba zai iya faɗi ba, amma bisa ga wasu rahotanni, an kiyasta kusan dala dubu 3 akan kasuwar baƙin, kuma ƙasashen waje na iya zuwa dala dubu 60. Kyawawan darajar su ne kasusuwa da sauran sassan jikin mutum.

Yawan abinci yana ƙaruwa akai-akai

- A cikin 1999, daga cikin kasashe 12 da damisar dusar ƙanƙara ke zaune, an kafa kamfani wanda ya kamata yayi nazarin yanayin rayuwar waɗannan kuliyoyin. Bayan haka, "in ji masanin," bisa ga sakamakon binciken, an lura cewa a cikin jimilci kimanin damisa 500 suna zaune a yankunmu (Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan da Tajikistan), kuma daga wannan adadin, mafi girma - fiye da 200 - suna zaune ne kawai a Tajikistan.

Kodayake a yau, kamar yadda masan ilimin kimiyyar halittu suka lura, jimlar yawan damisa a kan iyakar kasar Tajikistan har yanzu ba a kiyaye ta ba, a cewar kimomi, akwai wasu dabbobi, kusan 300.

- Akwai dalilai guda uku masu kyau dangane da haka: a Badakhshan, a lokacin yaƙin, an rage yawan dabbuna, kuma ta haka ne aka sami makiyaya don awaki ɗaya na dutsen.

Hakanan, bayan yakin, an kwace dukkan nau'ikan makami daga hannun jama'a, wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen rage haramtattun farauta da damisa. Yanzu farauta yawon buɗe ido yana bunƙasa a gabashin Badakhshan, kuma kamfanoni da ke da hannu a cikin wannan lamari abin misali ne a ƙasarsu - ba shi da fa'ida a gare su su shiga fagen farauta a can.

Bugu da kari, kamar yadda Alikhon Latifi ya bayyana, karewar tana gudana ne ta hanyar leshoz, da maharudin farauta da kuma kwamitin kare muhalli. Hakanan, masu tsaron kan iyakoki da kwastan suna da alaƙa da wasu a cikin wannan batun.

"Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga adadin argali da ibex, wanda, kamar yadda na ce, ci gaban adadin damisa shima ya dogara," in ji masanin lafiyar dabbobi.

A sigar da ta gabata a littafin Red, an nuna adadin argali a cikin adadin 7-8 dubu, daga baya, a cikin 1990, ƙididdigar ta nuna 12-15 dubu, kuma ƙididdigar ƙarshe biyu na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a 2012 da 2015 sun nuna cewa kusan 24- 25,000 burin.

- Wannan tabbas mafi girma garken tumakin dutsen a duniya. Nowari yanzu muna da daidaitaccen adadin capricorns - kawai a kan ƙasa na farauta gonaki akwai shugabannin sama da dubu 10. Kuma a waje da shi, akwai kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, masan lafiyar dabbobi sun jaddada.

Shekarar da ta gabata ta ƙarshe, a cewar Latifi, masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Rufewa da Lafiyar Ilimin Rasha suka zo don tattara damarar damuna don nazarin DNA.

Dangane da sakamakon aikin, masanin lafiyar dabbobi ya ce, sun lura cewa kusan basu taba ganin irin wannan adadi na yawan damisa ba.

Tarkon hotuna don damisa sun ɗauki hotunan su a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba. An kama maza da mata, har ma da damisa matasa. Godiya ga waɗannan tarkunan kyamara, mun sami damar gano cewa yawan su yana haɓaka akai-akai a ƙasarmu. Don haka a yau a cikin Tajikistan komai yana da kyau tare da damisa.

Disclaimer: An karɓi rubutu da hotuna daga waɗannan yanar gizanku. Duk haƙƙoƙin mallakarsu ne ga masu mallakar su. B / m na yi rantsuwa a wasu hotuna daban.