Redfoot, ko ibis na Japan (Nipponia nippon) - kawai wakilin HALITTATU Ibis jaja mai kafafu. Plwafinta yana da kyawawan launuka mai ruwan hoda, mafi tsananin zafin gashin fuka-fukai da wutsiya, kafafu sun kasance datti ja, shugaban yankin da ke kusa da baki da idanunsa ba su da kyau kuma yana da launin ja, beak yana da launin baki tare da jan baki, zoben rawaya kewaye da idanun, idanu sunyi ja, kuma a kan kushin murfin fuka-fukai. Da bazara, lokacin da ibis ya fara lokacin dabbar, damuwar ta zama launin toka.
Alamun waje
Ibis mai-launin ja babban wakilai ne na wata nau'in, tsawon jikin sa na iya kaiwa 78.5 cm ana iya gane shi ta hanyar dusar ƙanƙara-fari da ƙafafunsa ja. Fuka fuka-fukai a ƙasan rukunin wutsiya ruwan hoda. Rabin shugaban tsuntsun ya yi ja, fatar da ke nan ta gajarta kuma ta ɗan girgiza. Farar gashin fuka-fuffa yana da kyau a zayyana a kai. Gefen yana da tsawo kuma dan kadan ya runtse.
Cigaba da rarrabawa
Ibis mai ƙafafu - wani tsuntsu ne mai matukar wahala, mai hadarin gaske, wanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red na ofungiyar Rashanci da Littattafai ta Duniya baki ɗaya.
A ƙarshen karni na 19, ibis mai launin jan kafa, ya kasance zuriya masu yawa kuma sun rayu a Tsakiyar China da Japan, da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. Bayan haka, dangane da farautar Ibis kamar kwari kamar filaye, kazalika da nama, faduwar bishiyoyi wanda kanada suna lalata tsuntsaye tare da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin gonakin shinkafa, hakan ya haifar da raguwar adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan. Don ɗan lokaci, an dauki ibis jan-kafa mai ƙare da ƙarewa, tunda an kama tsuntsaye 5 na ƙarshe a Japan tare da nufin kiwo a cikin bauta. Ba tsammani, a shekara ta 1981, an gano karamin adadin tsuntsayen a tsakiyar kasar Sin, wadanda suka kunshi manyan tsuntsaye 4 da kuma kaji 3. An yi sa'a, a nan gaba wannan yawan ya nuna ci gaba cikin adadi, kuma ya zuwa 2002, ya riga ya kunshi tsuntsaye 140. Har ila yau, a cikin zaman talala, ibis mai jan-kafa har ila yau ya fara zama da kyau, kuma a cibiyoyin kiwo guda biyu tuni an riga an samu 130 daga cikin.
Ina yake zama
A cikin karni na XIX, ibis-mai kafafu ya kasance wani nau'in halittu masu yawa wadanda suke zaune a Tsakanin China, Japan da Gabashin Rasha na nesa. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ibises ya jagoranci zaman kashe wando, kuma daidaikun mutane daga yankunan arewacin suka yi ƙaura zuwa kudu a lokacin sanyi. A yau, waɗannan tsuntsayen da ba kasafai ba kusan sun ɓace daga yawancin wuraren rayuwarsu. Etwarin kwari, busassun tafki, filayen shinkafa - Waɗannan yankuna ne da ibis ya ke fifita.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Ibis mai ƙafafu zaune kwarin kogin rafuffuka masu yawa, kwari mai kwari da filayen shinkafa. Tsuntsaye suna kwana a kan bishiyoyi masu tsayi a cikin gandun daji, suna ciyar da rami mai zurfi tare da zurfin 15 cm, inda suke farautar ƙananan kifaye, katako, mollusks da sauran rafukan ruwa na ruwa, abubuwan rarrafe da kwaɗi.
Kiwo
Ibis mai kafafu masu kafa biyu suna da nau'i biyu na gida tare da gida akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, galibi akan pines da itacen oak. Kamawar da mahaifan biyu suka haɗu sun ƙunshi ƙwai 3-4. Shiryawa yana kwana 28. Kwanaki 40 bayan kyankyasar, kajin sun tsaya kan reshe. Tsuntsayen matasa suna zama tare da iyayensu har zuwa faɗuwar rana, sannan ku haɗu cikin garken.
Yana da ban sha'awa
Ibis tsuntsaye ne na musamman. Akwai almara da yawa da hadisai masu alaƙa da su. Dangane da fasali daya, ibis ne ya fito da Nuhu daga cikin jirgin bayan ambaliyar. Tsuntsu ya jagoranci mutane daga gindin Dutsen Ararat zuwa Kogin Yufiretis, inda Nuhu ya zauna tare da danginsa. Har wa yau, an kiyaye hutun da aka keɓe don ibis a cikin Birejik na Turkiyya.
A cikin Littafin Red of Russia
-An wasan-jan, ko na Jafananci, ibis shine kaɗai ke wakiltar irin ta, wanda wataƙila ba ta da mazauni a Rasha. A da, yanayin kiworta ya mamaye yankuna da yawa daga Yankin Tsakiyar Amur zuwa Tsibirin Japan. A ƙarni na 19, an kafa wuraren kiwo masu yawa na ibis-jan kafa a cikin Russia.
Koyaya, a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, haɗuwa da waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin daji suna ɗaukar masana masana ilimin dabbobi babban nasara ce. Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka yi rikodin wasu iban ibis a cikin Rasha a cikin Yuni 1990 a bakin kogin Bolshaya Iska a Yankin Amur. Karnin XX ya kasance juyawa a rayuwar tsuntsaye, saboda a cikin 1923 a Japan, an bayyana wannan nau'in halittar.
Koyaya, nan da nan cikin yankuna masu kariya na Land of Rising Sun, a tsibirin Sado da Noto Peninsula, mutane da yawa masu gumurzuka Ibis suka gano, adadi sama da 100. Duk da tsananin ƙoƙarin, a ƙarshen 1981 mutane bakwai ne kawai suka sami ceto. Don taimaka musu su rayu kuma su ninka, wata ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta musamman ta ɗauki matakan gaggawa - an cire tsuntsayen daga daji. A yau, yawan jama’ar addinan da ke da jan-kafa ya kusan mutane 250 ne. Daga cikin mummunar barazanar da jinsin ke fuskanta shine karancin kai, gurbatar muhalli, faduwa da tsoffin bishiyoyi wadanda ibadunsu ke zaune.
Bayanin
Ana san tsuntsu da farin daskararre tare da launin ruwan hoda mai haske, wanda yafi ƙarfin gashin tsuntsu da fika wutsiya. Da gudu jirgin yana kama da tsuntsu mai ruwan hoda. Kafafu, kuma karamin yanki na kai ya yi ja. Hakanan, faman ɓoye ba ya cikin waɗannan yankuna.
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Dogon baki baki ya ƙare tare da jan baki. Iris mai rawaya ne. Restan ƙaramin gashin fuka-fukai da suka fi tsayi a jikin shugaban. A cikin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, launin ya sami launin toka mai kauri.
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Habitat
Ba a daɗe ba, kallon yana da yawa. An samo shi musamman a Asiya. A lokaci guda, ba a gina gida a Koriya ba. A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha an rarraba shi a cikin ƙasa mai zafi na Prikhanai. A Japan da China sun kasance masu tsaka tsaki. Koyaya, har yanzu sun yi ƙaura daga Amur zuwa lokacin hunturu.
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A halin yanzu babu cikakken bayani game da mazaunin. Wasu lokuta ana ganin su a Yankin Amur da Primorye. Hakanan an samo shi a yankuna na Korea da China. Discoveredarshen nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cikin Tarayyar Rasha an gano su a cikin 1990 a Yankin Amur. A lokacin hijirar, sun bayyana ne a Kudancin Primorye, inda suke ciyar da kaka.
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Tsuntsu ya fi son fadama fadama cikin kwari. Hakanan an samo shi a gonakin shinkafa da kuma kusa da tafkuna. Ana amfani da hasken rana akan rassa na bishiyoyi, hawa dutsen. Yayin ciyarwa, galibi suna shiga cikin cranes.
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Rayuwar Japanese ibis
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin kwari mai kwari, a cikin filayen shinkafa da tabkuna. Na dare a cikin bishiyoyi, tsayi sama da ƙasa. A kan hutawa kuma a lokacin ciyarwa, ibis mai kafafu sau da kafa tare da cranes. Abincin Jabis na Jafananci ya ƙunshi ƙananan ruwa na ruwa, ƙananan kifi da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Suna ciyarwa a kan tafkunan mara zurfi, zurfin wanda bai wuce santimita 15 ba.
Ibis mai ƙafafu (Nipponia nippon).
Suna yin sheƙunansu a cikin tsaunukan tsayi, a tsaunin mitoci 15 daga ƙasa, kuma har zuwa ƙarni na 19 aka shimfiɗa su a bakin rafin Primorye. A yayin zirga-zirga, suna haduwa koyaushe a Kudancin Primorye, inda wani lokacin suka yi sanyi.
Wataƙila Jibis ɗin Jafanawa tsuntsaye ne masu yawan aure. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 3-4 waɗanda mahaifan biyu suna haɗuwa. Lokacin shiryawa yana da kwanaki 28. A ranar arba'in na rayuwa, karen ibis-jan kafa ya tsaya a reshe. Matasa suna girma tare da iyaye har zuwa faɗuwa, kuma bayan sun gama cikin makarantu.
Yawan ibis-jan kafafu a da
Koda a cikin karni na ƙarshe, mazaunin ibis na Jafananci yana da faɗi sosai, yana daga yankin arewa maso gabashin Sin zuwa yamma da kudu. A Japan, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, sun rayu daga Kyushu zuwa Hokkaido. Kuma a Koriya, ba su taba yin birgewa ba. A kan iyakar ƙasar Rasha, mazaunin ibis na Jafananci ya shafi ƙaramin yanki na lardin arewa maso gabas, wato, yankin Khanka lowland da tsakiyar yankin Amur. Yawan jama'ar Jafananci kuma, wataƙila, Sinawa sun jagoranci rayuwa ta rashin zaman lafiya, amma ibadan ya tashi daga Amur saboda hunturu.
Fitowar ibis mai launin ja-kafaffiyar launin fata yana bayyana shi da farin rudewar wata inuwa mai launin shuɗi, mafi tsananin ban sha'awa a jikin fuka-fukai da wutsiya.
Kuma a da, adadin ibis mai launin jan-kafa ba shi da yawa, tunda Przhevalsky ya lura cewa kusan mutane 20 ne kawai aka samu a yankin Lake Khanka. Amma wannan shine ƙarshen kewayon.
A karni na 20, an gudanar da balaguro dan Amurka a China, wanda a cewar shi wannan ibis mai suna jan tsuntsu an kira shi tsuntsu ne na yau da kullun, amma ba a sanar da takamaiman adadin wadannan tsuntsayen ba. A cikin 1909, Mataimakin Russianan Rasha P. Kozlov ya gano a cikin Gansu wani yanki na adadin ibis na kimanin mutane 10 - da wuya a kira wannan lambar babba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ba a ba da takamaiman bayani game da adadin ibis na kasar Sin a cikin kasar Sin ba, amma dai an san cewa an sare tsoffin poplars a lardin Shaanxi a shekarar 1958, sakamakon abin da ibadan da ya dade da zama a wurin ya gushe.
Abubuwan da muke gushewa
A Japan, a cikin 1867-1868, ƙuntatawa game da farauta ya zama mai tsauri, tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka fara fitar da ibadan na Japan. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da aminci ga mutane, kuma da isowar bindigogi, sun fara ɓacewa cikin sauri. A shekara ta 1890, ibis mai launin jan-ja a Japan ya kusan shuɗe. Fewan ƙaramin gungun ofan ibis masu launin ja sun yi nasarar tsira a tsibiran Honshu, Sado da Noto.
Speciesan raren da aka fi sani da su - Ibis-mai kafaɗɗen ja - yana cikin jerin littafin Raha na Russianungiyar Rasha da Redungiyoyin Red na Duniya.
A cikin 1893, wuraren da aka kare sun kasance daga rukunin wuraren ƙarshe na shagulgulan ibis. Amma kare tsuntsaye kawai tsari ne, kuma adadin ibis na Japan ya ci gaba da raguwa. Tuni a cikin 1923 sun ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Amma a cikin 1931, an gano mutane 2 a cikin Nigat, wanda sakamakon abin da masana kimiyya ke da bege kuma an shirya sabon bincike da bincike. Yayin bincike a cikin 1932-1934, an gano kusan mutane 100 na ibis na Japan a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Noto da Sado. A wannan karon sun dauki karin matakan kariya. Ibis-kafaffun ibis an kirashi abin tunawa na ƙasa.
Amma matakan kariya basu shafi duk wuraren zama na ibis mai kafafu ba, saboda haka, halakar gandun daji ya ci gaba. Bugu da kari, akwai masu farautar namun daji, saboda haka adadin wadannan tsuntsayen da ba kasafai ke ci gaba da raguwa ba. Shekaru 2 kacal bayan da aka ayyana ibis a matsayin abin tunawa na halitta, adadinsu ya ragu daga mutum 100 zuwa 27.
Kwanaki arba'in bayan tsere, masanan samari na Japan sun tsaya kan fikafikan.
Yunkurin ibis na karshe mai kafaffun kafa domin tsira
Lokacin da aka fara yakin duniya na biyu, makomar ibis din kasar Japan bai damu da kowa ba. Amma ibis ya sami nasarar tsira daga yaƙin. A cikin 1952, an yi rikodin ibis 24 masu launin ja 24 a Tsibirin Sado. A cikin 1954, an shirya ainihin ajiyar kaya anan, yankin da yakai kadada 4376. An haramta farauta a ƙasa da wannan yanki.
An fara samun kariya ta wuraren yanar gizon kwari da wuraren adon furanni masu kariya. Amma, abin takaici, a wancan lokacin an kula da filayen shinkafa da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke dauke da ƙwayoyin cuta. Binciken mutanen da suka mutu ya nuna cewa sashin binciken da ke jikin tsuntsayen ya kasance cikin mai kitse, tsoka da kuma a cikin kasusuwa.
A shekarar 1962, an haramta sare bishiyoyi a ajiyar wurin. Garuruwan da ke zaune a ciki ba su dame su ba, kuma a cikin hunturu suna ciyar da tsuntsayen. Amma watakila an ɗauki waɗannan matakan latti. A cikin 1960, ibis 6 na Japan kawai ya ragu, a cikin 1966 adadinsu ya karu zuwa mutum 10, amma daga baya adadinsu ya sake faɗi. A yau, wannan karamin rukuni na ibis na Jafananci yana zaune a tsaunuka kuma baya ciyar da filayen da kwayar cutar ta kashe.
Ibis mai kafa-kafaffen kafafu yana sauka kuma yana barci akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi a cikin daji.
Har zuwa 1974, ibis na yin bama-bamai a kai a kai, amma adadinsu bai ƙaru ba, kamar yadda matasa dabbobi ke ƙaura don ciyar da filayen shinkafa, inda suka mutu daga Mercury da masu kiwo. Ba wani saurayi guda daya da ya koma.
A shekara ta 1975, kamar yadda aka saba, an yi masonry, amma kajin basu ƙare daga ƙwai ba. A ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin, an gano harsashi na ƙwaiƙwai. Wannan halin ya fara maimaita kowace bazara. An bincika harsashi, amma ba a gano bakin ciki ko guban Mercury ba. Mafi m, sanadin shi ne rashin haihuwa ko wani harin da mahara, alal misali, jays cewa gida a cikin unguwa.
A cikin 1978, an ɗauke ƙwai 3 daga cikin gida, an aika su zuwa Ueno Zoo a Tokyo don haɓaka cikin incubator. Duk ukun uku basu kasance bakara ba. Ba a san abin da ya sa wannan ya faru ba. Dangane da bincike na 1977, ibis 8 kawai na Japan suka tsira a Tsibirin Saldo.
A tsibirin na Noto a cikin 1930, akwai wani karamin rukunin ibis, mai dauke da tsuntsaye 5-10, amma a cikin 1956 sun daina farauta kuma a shekarar 1966 gaba daya suka ɓace.
Waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen suna zaune a kwarin kogin rafuffuka, yankuna masu kwari da filayen shinkafa
Kokarin farfado da yawan mashin ibis mai kafafu
A Japan a cikin 1966 sun yanke shawarar haifar da waɗannan tsuntsayen masu haɗari cikin bauta. A saboda wannan, an gina babban aviary, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin tsakiyar cibiyar kewayon ibis na Japan, wato a tsibirin Sado.
Daga 1966 zuwa 1967, kananan yara 6 aka kama daga yanayi, amma dukkansu, ban da mutum ɗaya, sannu a hankali suka mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cuta. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Jafanawa ba su yi yunƙurin haihuwar Ibis cikin bauta ba. Amma wanda ya tseratar da Ibis wanda ya rage shine kawai yana da rai.
Mummunar makomar sauran
A shekarar 1972, a kasar Sin, a Kudancin Shaanxi, an sami wasu fatal masu launin jan kafa masu kyau a wurin da ake amfani da su. Akwai fatan cewa aƙalla wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na ƙasar ta sami nasarar tsira. Hakanan a gidan Tienqing, mutum daya yana raye.
Wataƙila, a ƙasarmu maƙarƙasun ibis da ke da ƙafa ɗaya sun ɓace a yau.
A cikin ƙasar, ibis na Jafananci ba shi da wahalar samu a shekarun baya-bayan nan. Misali, an samo tsuntsaye a Tsibirin Kaluga a 1926, a 1938 a kan Kogin Bolshaya Ussurka, a 1940 a kan Kogin Bikin, a 1949 a Kogin Amur, da kuma a 1963 a bakin tafkin Khasan. Hakanan akwai bayanai game da haɗuwa da waɗannan tsuntsayen a shekaru masu zuwa, amma basu da abin dogara.
Likita masaniyar dabbobi J. Archibald daga kasar Kanada a shekarar 1974 ya gano wasu mutane 4 na ibis mai launin jan kafa a kan iyakar Koriya ta kudu da DPRK. Amma a cikin 1978 kawai an samo ma'aurata ɗaya a nan, kuma bayan shekara guda - kwafi ɗaya kawai. Sun yi ƙoƙarin kama shi don kamun kai, amma wannan ba zai yiwu ba.
Hanyoyi masu yuwu don ceton ibis-red-legged
Shin akwai wasu fatan samun ceto game da wannan nau'in? Ya kamata a faɗi a fili cewa halin ibis-jan kafa mai wuya ne matuƙar wuya. Iyakar abin da ya hana a hana mashigar Jafaniyanci gaba daya ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙabilu masu yawan gaske da ke iya yin kiwo.
Yana ciyar da tafki mai zurfi har zuwa zurfin zurfin na cm 10 cm 5. Yana ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mai ruwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da ƙananan kifaye.
A yanzu, ana tunanin samun damar kama duk mutanen da ke zaune a tsibirin Sado, a haɗa wani ɗan da aka kama da su, sannan a tura waɗannan tsuntsayen a Tokyo, zuwa Tamo Zoo, inda tuni an yi barnar jan baki da fari.
Hakanan, za'a iya ƙirƙirar ƙirar wucin gadi a cikin Ingila, a cikin Trust na Jersey. Yawancin mazauna wuraren ibis suna zaune a Zoo na Jersey, wataƙila bakararriya ce amma tsuntsaye masu lafiya daga kwarangwal Sado suma zasu fara farawa a wannan yanayin. Amma akwai matsaloli na yau da kullun, tunda gwamnatin Japan ba a shirye take don yanke shawara game da cikakken kame tsuntsaye ba, waɗanda sune abin tunawa na ƙasa da aika su ƙasashen waje. Amma irin wannan jinkiri na iya zama bala'i ga jama'a.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Danshi
Ibis suna da gurɓataccen launi ɗaya. Akwai nau'ikan da suke da fari fari. Akwai ibises tare da baki, launin toka, emerald, gashin furen launi.Wakilin wakilin Ebis shine jan (jan) ibis. Jikin, wuyan, kai, wutsiya da kafafu na wannan tsuntsun an fentin su cikin ja.
Ibis yayi tafiya a bakin ruwa
A wasu nau'ikan ibis, babban launi yana cike da inuwa mai bambantawa. Misali, a cikin ibis mai fuskar baki, torso yana da launi mai kaifi kuma wuya yana da haske mai rawaya, farin rigar jikin jan-kafaffun ibis ya bambanta da mai haske mai launin ja, an fentin ibis mai launin baki-fari, yayin da wutsiya da wuya wucin duhu ne. Matasa ibis yana da alaƙa da launi mai laushi mai haske. Tare da kowace molt, launin gashin gashin fuka-fukan ya bushe.
Kusa da hoton ibis
Shahararren fasalin ibis shine baki. Dogaro ne, bakin ciki, mai lankwasa ƙasa a ƙarshen. Wannan bangare na jikin kayan aiki ne na farauta, saboda haka, ta dabi'a, beak din tsuntsu yana da matukar karfi da karfi. A wasu nau'ikan ibis, geron baki ya ɗan ƙara girma, wanda ke bawa tsuntsaye damar farautar dabbobin ruwa.
Tsuntsayen suna dasa dogayen baki a cikin kasan laka kuma, sun tona shi, nema da kama ganima. Tare da taimakon beak mai tsayi, suna samun abinci a cikin duwatsun duwatsu da ramuka masu zurfi. Harshen bai shiga cikin abinci ba, kamar yadda ake zubar da jini saboda juyin halitta.
Yankin
Fitar ibis ta wurin tafkin
An rarraba babban gidan ibis a cikin duniya, in ban da yankuna na arewacin. Waɗannan waɗannan tsuntsayen yanayin zafi waɗanda ke zaɓar tropics da subtropics don rayuwa, tare da ƙarancin keɓaɓɓun matsakaitan latitude. Yawancin ibadu mafi yawa suna maida hankali ne akan gabar gabashin Afrika, a arewa-maso yammacin Latin America, Ostiraliya. Tare da banbancin da ba a sani ba, ibis ya zauna a Turai da Rasha.
Habitat
Ibis ta ruwa
Ibis yana cikin rukunin tsuntsayen ruwa-kusa. Tsuntsayen sun fi son zama kusa da jikin ruwa, saboda suna ciyar da dabbobi kan ruwa. Don tsuntsaye masu farauta suna zaɓar wani fili - gefuna gandun daji, kwarin koguna. Wasu nau'in ibis, kamar warty ibis, basu da alaƙa da jikin ruwa kuma suna ba da gidajen su a wuraren bushewa. Suna ciyar da akasari kan ƙananan ƙananan kwari da abinci na shuka. Ana samun Ibis a cikin steppes da savannahs, m-des jerts.
Ibis: tsuntsu mai tashi ko a'a
Ibis ya fasa fikafikan sa
Yawancin jinsunan ibis ƙaura ne. Gashin tsuntsayen da suke zaune a Arewacin Amurka suna tashi zuwa Columbia, Ekwado, da Venezuela a cikin hunturu. Tsuntsayen Turawa suna ƙaura zuwa Afirka da Asiya na lokacin sanyi. Tsuntsayen Jafananci suna tashi sama rani zuwa Australiya. Sauran nau'in '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'kudanci' '', kudanci, da sauran 'yan' 'kudanci' suna rayuwa mai tsaka-mai-wuya, kodayake, a cikin neman abinci suna tafiya cikin kewayon, suna motsa dubban kilomitoci daga wurin farauta.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Hoton ibis a jeji
Abincin na ibis ya ƙunshi kwari da ƙananan ƙananan wurare. Tsuntsaye suna farautar mollusks, crustaceans, larvae. Mutanen da suka manyanta wani lokaci sukan sake kama kansu da kayan da suka fi girma - kifi, ƙwai na ƙananan tsuntsaye, kwaɗi. Gashi ibis ya kama tabe, mice da kuma mayukan iska. Idan za ta yiwu, sukan ci kwari, katantanwa, maɗaukakiya, gizo-gizo da fara.
A lokutan fama da yunwa, ibises ba sa raina cin abinci ko ragowar abincin dabbobi masu kiba.
Holy ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus)
Hoton ibis mai alfarma
Jinsi: baƙar fata-ibis
Bayyanarwar: tsuntsu ya kai santimita 75 da nauyinsa kilogram 2.5. Umwaya yana fari fari, gashin gashinsa, haka kuma kafafu da baki suna baki da launin shuɗi. A cikin tsofaffi tsofaffi, wuyan da kai ba komai.
Rarraba: tsarkakakken masallacin ibis a kudu maso gabashin Afirka, Australia da Iraki. Bayan 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce, a lokacin nomad, ya tashi zuwa kudu maso yammacin Rasha (Kalmykia, yankin Astrakhan). 900-1000 nau'i-nau'i na ibis suna zaune a Turai.
Siffofin: a tsohuwar Masar, iblis ya tsarkakakkiyar hikima da hankali. Ana bautar da Ibis, an hana shi farauta.
Baki mai kanshi-bish ko kuma ibis na Indiya (Threskiornis melanocephalus)
Hoton ibis mai launin baki
Jinsi: baƙar fata-ibis
Bayyanarwar: tsuntsu wanda tsayinsa bai wuce santimita 90 ba, kuma yana nauyin kilogram 1.3-1.5. An shafe fatar jiki-fari. Gaban wuyansa da kai babu komai, fatar tana da baki.
Rarraba: baƙar fata-ibis yana zaune a kudu na Asiya - a Indiya, Thailand, Burma, Pakistan.
Siffofin: mafi kusa dangi na ibis-baki shine mai alfarma kuma Moluccan ibises. Dukkan ukun suna ƙaura.
Warty ibis (Zafin Papillosa)
Hoton ibis na gemu
Bayyanarwar: babban tsuntsu mai duhu plumage. Fuka fuka-fukai da wutsiya suna fentin shuɗi mai duhu tare da launin ruwan kasa, jikin ya zama ruwan kasa. A kan bakar fata, akwai “hat” mai launin fata mai launin fata. Iris orange ne, gewar mai launin toka-kore. Farar fata akan elytra.
Rarraba: Warty ibis nests a cikin Hindustan.
Siffofin: Ba kamar sauran nau'in ibis ba, warty bai da alaƙa da jikin ruwa, tunda galibi yana kan dabbobi ne. Neman abinci a yankunan m.
Giant ibis (Thaumatibis giganteа)
Hoton wani katuwar ibis
Bayyanarwar: Tsayin tsuntsaye - santimita 100, tsayi - sigimita 102-106, nauyi - kilogram 3.8-4.2. Jiki da wutsiya duhu launin shuɗi tare da datti kore mai ƙanshi. Kafafu suna ja, beak mai launin toka-mai-haske. Fata a kai da wuya yana da launin toka. Idanun sunyi duhu.
Rarraba: Gasar wurin ibadar ibis ita ce iyaka da Kambodiya da Laos.
Siffofin: giant ibis shine alamar ƙasar Cambodia. Kabilar tana kan gab da ƙarewa, an jera su a cikin Littafin Duniya baki ɗaya.
Karen daji (ibronticus eremita)
Hoto ibis na hoto
Jinsi: bald ibis
Bayyanarwar: Filayen gandun daji ibis mai launin baki ne, shunayya, shuɗi mai launin shuɗika da kore mai duhu akan fikafikan. Kafafu da baƙon kodadde ruwan hoda. A kansa shine murfin fuka-fukai na bakin ciki.
Rarraba: a baya jinsunan sun zauna Bahar Rum da Turai. Yanzu a cikin daji a cikin waɗannan yankuna ba a samo su ba. Wild ibis ya rayu a Morocco, Turkiya da Siriya.
Siffofin: halayen ibis na daji da mazauninsu mai kama da mai launin balis ibis. An bambanta jinsunan ta wani crest a kai, wanda ba shi da bald ibis. Kodayake ba a rarrabar mashigin gandun daji a matsayin masu tallafi ba, yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a Marokko ya bambanta da na Baturke wanda ya fi tsayi, baki mai tsawo.
Ƙafafun ƙafafun Ibis ko Ibis na Japan (Nipponia nippon)
Hoto mai dauke da hoton ibis
Jinsi: Ibis mai ƙafafunsa
Bayyanarwar: farin tsuntsu tare da kodadde ruwan hoda da launin toka tints. Fuska da kafafu suna da haske ja, baki mai duhu launin toka, ja a ja. Iris mai rawaya ne. Crest na kusoshi na dogon gashin fuka-fuka-fari farare ne. A cikin lokacin mating, damin ya zama launin toka. Tsuntsaye na manya suna nauyin kilo 1.5, tsayi - santimita 80-90.
Rarraba: 'yan shekaru dari da suka shude addinin Ibis mai kafafu yana da mazauni a Tsakiyar China, Japan da Gabashin Rasha, kodayake, sakamakon farautar ibis da gandun daji, yawan ibis din da ke wadannan yankuna ya kusan bacewa. A yau, yan 'yan ibis kaɗan ne ake samu a Amur da Primorye, Korea, da China.
Siffofin: kamar yadda kimomi masu ilimin kimiya na masana suka nuna, 6-20 ibis-legged janis ya kasance a duniya. Wannan nau'in yana da matukar wuya.
Farar fata - ibis (amincinus)
Hoton ibis ne mai launin fari
Jinsi: ibis-fari ne
Bayyanarwar: tsuntsu wanda tsayinsa ya kai santimita 76, kuma nauyi a cikin nauyin kilo 1.5-2. Girman gashin fuka-fukan a wuyansa da kai mai launin ruwan-kasa-kasa, tuwon kan kambi mai duhu duhu. Jikin ne fa, gashin fuka-fukan a kan iyaka suna da fari. Lissafi ne mai duhu launin toka, kafafu sun yi ja ja. Gashinsa, baƙi ne a kusa da idanu.
Rarraba: farare-mai wuyar ibis a arewa maso yammacin Latin America. Yawancin nau'ikan jinsin a cikin Venezuela, Columbia da Guiana. Ana samun ibis din a cikin gandun daji mai laushi na Brazil da Arewacin Argentina.
Siffofin: an kiyasta yawan nau'ikan tsakanin tsuntsaye dubu 25 da miliyan 1.
Red ibis (Eudocimus ruber)
Hoton jan ibis
Bayyanarwar: jan ibis an shafa masa mai launin ja. Tsuntsu ya girma zuwa santimita 70 a tsayi kuma yana nauyin kilo 1.5. Dimorphism na jima'i ba ya nan.
Rarraba: ja ibis ya zama ruwan dare a arewacin na Kudancin Amurka, har ma a tsibirin Trinidad.
Siffofin: ja ibis zaune a cikin yankuna. Yana daidaita yawanci a jikin ruwa. Monogamen.
Burodi (Plegadis falcinellus)
Hoton wani Burodi
Bayyanarwar: matsakaici sized ibis. Tsawon jikin mutum baya wuce santimita 65, nauyin jikin - 500-900 grams. Tsarin tsuntsaye mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan fata mai duhu. Abubuwan fata a cikin rana ana jefa su cikin tagulla da kore launuka. Yara dabbobin suna da farin tsiri a wuyansu, wanda ya ɓace tare da shekaru.
Rarraba: gurasa da yawa sun zama ruwan dare a Eurasia, Afirka, Ostiraliya, da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin Rasha, gurasa sun zauna tare da koguna, musamman, a cikin mazaunin delin na Kuban, Volga, da Terek. Don lokacin hunturu, loafs suna tashi zuwa Afirka da Kudancin Asiya.
Siffofin: wuraren zama na Burodi suna zabar ciyawar daji. Cire a cikin fakitoci na 50-70 nau'i-nau'i.
Spiky ibis (Lophotibis cristata)
Hoton Chubat Ibis
Jinsi: spiked ibis
Bayyanarwar: kaji girma 50-60 santimita, nauyi - 480-980 grams. A cikin filo akwai launuka masu launin shuɗi, baki da fari. Black kai tare da kore tint, fuskar bared na launin ja. Abubuwan gashin fuka-fukan da aka sanyaye da gauraye da fari. Beak mai launin toka-mai launin rawaya.
Rarraba: Chubaty ibis yana zaune a Madagascar.
Siffofin: Chubat ibis yana jagorantar rayuwa mai rahusa. Yana zaune a fakitoci kusa da tafkunan. Lokacin kiwo ya faɗi akan lokacin damina - daga Satumba zuwa Janairu.
Abokan gaba na ibis
Akani - makiyin ibis
Adult ibis bashi da abokan gaba kamar smalleran uwanta. Idan nests suna cikin ƙasa, to, dawakai, boars daji, dawakai da raccoon sun kewaye kan ƙwai da kajin. Beraye da dabbobin da ke cinye sabbin san sandunan. Gaskiya ne, wannan ba wuya ya faru ba, kamar yadda ibis na manya ke kiyaye brood kuma, idan ya cancanta, tare da hare-haren mafarauta. Samari na ibis matasa ne ke farautar su. Hawks, gaggafa da kwari ba sa haɗarin haɗuwa da ibis na manya, suna ba da duk hankalinsu ga ƙananan tsuntsayen da kawai ke koyon tashi da kuma waɗanda har yanzu basu san yadda zasu kare kansu ba.
Hawk makiyin ibis ne
Babban maqiyin ibis shine mutum. Ayyukan aikin gona, magudanar jikin ruwa, guguwar daji, farauta - waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar da raguwar adadin ibis. Yawancin nau'ikan dangi suna kan hanyar halaka. Kimanin shekaru 10,000 da suka wuce, nau'in tsuntsaye mai tashi mai tashi Xenicibis xympithecus ya bace daga fuskar duniya sakamakon farautar mutane.
Ibis a cikin al'adun Misira
Ibis - tsuntsu mai tsabta na egypt
Masarautan d reve a sun girmama ibis. Mazaunan Misira suna nuna Allah mai hikima da adalci Jehuti (Thoth) tare da shugaban ibis. A zamanin da, ibises yana zaune a duk ƙasar Masar. A shekara, an zaɓi kwarin kogin Nilu a matsayin wurin masu kiwo. Ibises ya rayu a birane, yana yin yawo da tituna ba tare da tsoron mutane ba. Tsuntsayen da suka mutu sun yi lullubi, wasu kuma an binne su da masu su. Masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun samo gawar mummunar ibis a cikin haikalin Thoth, da kuma wasu hotuna masu yawa na tsuntsaye a jikin bango.
Shi allahn ilimi ne a tsohuwar Masar
Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa Masarawa suna bauta wa abin da ake kira "ibis mai alfarma" (da sunan nau'in halitta), amma akwai ra'ayi cewa a zamanin da wani nau'in tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Misira - dajin ibis, wanda alama ce ta ƙasar. Daga baya, tsuntsayen macijin suka maye gurbinsu da fararen fari da kuma wani bakar fata, wanda aka sanya wa suna "mai-tsarki". A yau a Misira, ibises suna da matukar wuya, amma a kudu-maso gabashin Afirka (Habasha, Kenya, Tanzania), yawan ibis yana da yawa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Spiked ibis a kan reshe
- A cikin labarin akwatin jirgin Nuhu, an ambaci tsuntsu ibis, wanda, bayan ambaliyar, ya jagoranci Nuhu zuwa Kogin Yufiretis, inda Nuhu ya zauna tare da danginsa.
- Ibis mafi tsufa shekaru miliyan 60 ne.
- Launin launin ja mai launin ja a cikin jan ibis shine saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin kifin tsuntsayen da tsuntsayen ke ci yana ɗauke da carotene mai launi.
- Iban jan-ƙafa ko Ibis na Jafananci shine nau'in tsuntsayen rarest a duniya. Yawan jama'a shine tsuntsaye 8-11.
Yaya rayuwarsu take
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ƙaunar zama a cikin ciyayi da filayen shinkafa. Domin na dare zabi tsayi itatuwa. Daga nesa daga masu cin naman ƙasa. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin su cikin ruwa mara zurfi, har zuwa santimita 15 zurfi. A can ne suka samu abincinsu, watau ƙaramin kifi da sauran invertebrates.
Don fara'a, ibilis mai kafafu shima yana da tsayin tsayi. Za'a iya samun filayensu a tsawan mitoci 20.
A ina suka zauna
Suna zaune a adadi mai yawa a cikin tsakiyar kasar Sin da kuma tsibiran Japan: Kyushu, Hokkaido. A kan ƙasar Rasha an hango su a Gabashin Gabas.
Ba wanda ya iya suna ainihin adadin. An gan su a cikin ƙananan yankuna tare da burin 10.
Me yasa kusan sun tafi
A cikin 1930, kusan ibis 100 masu kafafu aka gano, kodayake har zuwa wannan lokacin ana ɗaukar su kusan jinsin. Duk da cewa suna kan tsaro. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, adadinsu ya ragu zuwa mutum 26. Dalilin haka shine yajin farauta da kuma lalata bishiyoyi.
Fikayen shinkafa, wadanda iban wasan ƙafa na ejis suka samo abincin su, ana maganin su da magungunan kashe ƙwari. Sun hada da Mercury, wanda aka samo a cikin dukkanin kyallen tsuntsayen da suka mutu.
Gwagwarmaya don adana nau'in
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, an gano mu'ujizai, inda suka ci gaba da rayuwa a tsibirin Sado. Wannan yankin ya fara zama mai tsaro, an haramta farauta. Yunkurin ya zama banza.
A shekara ta 1967, an kama tsuntsaye 6 daga dabi'a, waɗanda aka shirya za a tura su ga ajiyar yanayi, inda babu abin da ke barazanar su. Dukansu amma tsuntsu ɗaya ya mutu daga cutar. Wannan bidiyon da ya rayu da jan-kafa ya rayu har zuwa yau.